动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语

动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语
一、动词—ing形式作表语
1. 表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。

2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）
The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令困惑。

3。

常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing，amusing，confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging, inspiring，moving, tiring，interesting，surprising等.
全析提示：动词—ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语,但用作表语的—ing 形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。

What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)
二、动词-ing形式作定语
1 单个的动词—ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。

①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。

a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室
running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋
a working method =a method for working 工作方法
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。

developing countries = countries that are developing
发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary
看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody
困扰人的问题
2 作定语的动词—ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面，做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。

They lived in a house facing south.（=which is facing south)
他们住在一所朝南的房子里。

Do you know the boy playing basket?(=Who is playing basket)
你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？
The man visiting Japan （=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle
正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。

三、动词-ing形式作宾补
1、动词—ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后
面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

When we returned，we found a stranger standing in front of the house。

2、当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语
的动词—ing形式便转换为主语补足语。

They found the film very exciting.
= The film is found very exciting.
3、能用—ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：
1）表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see，hear，feel，smell, find，notice，observe，look at, listen to等）+ sb + doing sth(作宾补）
I felt somebody standing behind me。

2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词,（常见的有have, set, keep，get, catch，leave等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）
We kept the fire burning all night long。

我们让火整夜燃烧着.
I won‘t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。

4、see，hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式
和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
We heard the telephone ring。

We heard the telephone ringing.
前者表示动作正在进行,后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程.
四、动词—ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。

动词—ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

1 表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。

Having made full preparations，we are ready for the examination。

我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。

（= After we have made full preparations.。

.)
2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday。

由于生病,他昨天没有上学。

(= Since he was ill.。

.)
3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。

His father died，leaving him a lot of money。

= and left him a lot of money.
他父亲死了,留给他许多钱.
4 表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句。

Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
=If you work hard at your lessons.。

.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。

5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。

Knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage.
= Although they knew all this。

..
尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿损失.
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。

He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time.
= 。

..and stared at the sky for a long time
他躺在草地上,长时间地望着天空。

练习题
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs.
1) _______（clean）women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
2) All of us watched the hunter ________ （bring）down the dangerous bear。

3）When he woke up, he found himself ________ （lie）in hospital。

4）Electricity lines were brought down by ___________ (fall）trees in the storm。

5) The tall building _________ （build）now will be a hospital.
6）The man ________ (wear) a sad look said, ”I've lost my wallet。

”
7) —What is a water can used for？
-It’s used to _________ （water）flowers or something like that。

8) There was a terrible noise __________ （follow）the sudden burst of light.
9) The missing boy was last seen _________ (play）near the river。

10) In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _______ （point) at another person. 2。

-ing形式作补语练与析
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.
1。

Though I have often heard this song ______, I have never heard you ______ it.
A。

being sung; sang B。

sang; singing
C. sung; sing
D. to be sung；to sing
2. It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night.
A。

to burn B。

burn C。

burning D. burned
3. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger。

A. put
B. to be putting C。

to put D。

putting
4. —Did you meet anyone ______ at the party?
—No, in fact, I found the party rather ______。

A. interesting；boring
B. interested；boring
C. interesting; bored D。

interested；bored
5。

The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off。

A. to have stolen B。

to be stealing
C。

to steal D。

stealing
6。

Don't leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B。

running C. being run D。

to run
7. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.
A。

missing；playing B。

missing；play
C。

missed；played D。

missed；to play
8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen。

A。

smoke B。

smoking C。

to smoke D. smoked。