2019年高考英语一轮基础达标练题Unit2Englisharoundtheworld含解析新人教版必修1

Unit 2 English around the world
李仕才
一、阅读理解。

(2018·惠州高三调研)Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.
Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health.That’s true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.
So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13. They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27. This time, the questions surveyed each person’s overall health. When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health. Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family income and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression. And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.
Getting along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen, but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs. Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges.
“Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”And, he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”
【解题导语】研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。

当然，与朋友相处也有坏处。

1．Where can you probably read this passage?
A．Science fiction. B．Health column.
C．Fashion magazine. D．Entertainment newspaper.
B 解析：文章出处题。

通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响。

据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”。

故B项正确。

2．We can learn from Allen’s study that ．
A．many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendships
B．mental health issues have nothing to do with adult health
C．the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27
D．the teens who couldn’t express themselves grew up to be unhealthier
D 解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Whether teens held back...sick as adults.”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。

故D项正确。

3．According to what Allen said, we can know that ．
A．in order to do better at school, teens should not follow the crowd
B．though it’s challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure, they should not give up
C．teens will engage in smoking, drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressure D．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends
B 解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即周围同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会导致许多问题。

分析Allen的话“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”可以判断，青少年要应对这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，
不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。

故选B。

4．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.
B．Close friendships are the most important for people’s health.
C．Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults.
D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships.
C 解析：推理判断题。

根据文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。

C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思。

故C项正确。

二、单句语法填空
1．This tree looks tall and strong but ________ (actual) its trunk is hollow.
答案：actually actually “事实上，实际上”。

2．Schools have rights to set down their own rules ________ (base) on the general conditions of the students.
答案：based be based on “以……为基础”，此处为过去分词短语作定语，因此填based。

3．The girl used to be shy, but is ________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
答案：gradually 此处修饰动词短语get active in，故用副词gradually “逐渐地”，在句中作状语。

4．On seeing her new classmate, she came ________ and said with a smile, “Glad to meet you.”
答案：up come up在本句中表示“走近”。

5．She was ________ worried than angry when her daughter didn't come home.
答案：more more worried than angry “与其说是生气不如说是担心”。

6．Buses run ________ (frequent) from the city to the airport.
答案：frequently 此处修饰动词run，因此要用副词形式frequently。

7．The request is that manuscripts (手稿) ________ (write) on one side only.
答案：(should) be written request在这里是名词，作主语时，后面的表语从句中的谓语动词应使用“should＋动词原形”结构，并且should可省略，此处表示被动意义，故填(should) be written。

8．Sometimes it looks like people with great s elf­control aren't working hard—but that's ________ they've made it automatic.
答案：because that's because ... “那是因为……”。

9．There is no such thing ________ darkness; only a failure to see.
答案：as 句意：没有黑暗这种东西，只有看不见而已。

There is no such ... as ... “没有像……的……”。

10．From his ________ (express), I knew he didn't want me to ask this question.
答案：expression 由空前代词his可知应填名词，expression “表情；表达”。

三、完形填空。

Ten years ago，a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.I was totally __1__ and felt I was suddenly placed under __2__ of death with an indefinite reprieve(缓刑)．After careful thought，I __3__ my affairs；then I went home and got into bed.But 2 years later，I left my bed and __4__ the long climb back.It was another year __5__ I made it.
I speak of this experience because these past years have __6__ me what to value and what to believe.I __7__ now that this world is not my oyster(牡蛎)to be opened but my __8__ to be grasped.
I've also learned that it's necessary to __9__ those little，all­important things I never thought I would __10__ before：the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree，the __11__ of sunlight on running water.I seem now，with some of the __12__ freshness of childhood，to hear and see.How well，__13__，I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed.It was like __14__ one's citizenship in a world one had nearly lost.
Frequently，I __15__ myself that I need make notes of this __16__.I'm living in now，because in it I'm well，__17__，doing what I like best.It won't always be like this，__18__ I'll make the most of it and be grateful.I __19__ all this to that long time spent in bed.Wiser people come to this __20__ without having to acquire it the hard way.But I wasn't wise enough.I'm wiser now，a little，and happier.
1．A.confused B．shocked
C．determined D．annoyed
2．A.trial B．pressure
C．sentence D．control
3．A.made up B．set up
C．took up D．cleared up 4．A.recalled B．began C．avoided D．accepted 5．A.when B．after
C．since D．before 6．A.assigned B．taught C．treated D．assured 7．A.admit B．demand C．expect D．realize 8．A.knowledge B．opportunity C．attention D．point 9．A.dismiss B．list
C．define D．appreciate 10．A.notice B．record C．remember D．track 11．A.shadow B．shake
C．play D．feeling 12．A.damaged B．recovered C．faded D．changed 13．A.in contrast B．in return C．for instance D．by chance 14．A.maintaining B．regaining C．discovering D．forgetting 15．A.remind B．promise C．advise D．convince 16．A.country B．moment C．memory D．inspiration 17．A.pleased B．courageous C．confident D．strong 18．A.meanwhile B．otherwise C．however D．therefore 19．A.apply B．owe
C．contribute D．adapt 20．A.awareness B．agreement
C．comment D．compromise
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

一场重病让作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的东西。

因此他对自己当下所拥有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。

1．B 根据上文中的“Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，当被告知自己的肺部出了问题且不得不立即放弃工作卧床休息时作者感到非常震惊(shocked)。

confused“困惑的”；annoyed“恼怒的”。

2．C 作者突然觉得自己好像是被判了死缓一样。

根据语境尤其是下文的“with an indefinite reprieve(缓刑)”可知，此处应选sentence“宣判，判刑”。

under sentence of death“被判处死刑”。

3．D 仔细思考之后，作者把手头的事务处理掉，然后回家了。

根据上文中的“I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解决，清理”符合语境。

make up“组成，编造”；set up“设立”；take up“开始从事，占据”。

4．B 两年后，作者离开了病床，开始(began)了漫长的重回之前的生活状态的“攀登”。

rec all“回忆起”；avoid“避免”；accept“接受”。

5．D 过了一年，作者就做到了。

It was/is＋一段时间＋before...是固定句型，意为“过了……才/就……”。

6．B 作者谈及这段经历是因为那些过去的岁月教会(taught)了作者应该珍惜什么，相信什么。

assign“分配，分派”；treat“招待”；assure“使确信”。

7．D 现在作者意识到(realize)这个世界不是等待他去打开的牡蛎，而是需要他去抓住的机会。

admit“承认”；expect“期待，期望”。

8．B 参见上题解析。

grasp the opportunity“抓住机会”，是固定搭配。

knowledge“知识”；attention“注意力”；point“观点”。

9．D 作者也学会了欣赏(appreciate)那些不起眼的但却很重要的东西，而作者之前从未想过自己会去注意这些东西。

dismiss“不予理会，不予考虑”；list“列举”；
define“给……下定义，解释”。

10. A 参见上题解析。

notice“注意到”；record“记录”；remember“记得”；track“跟踪”。

11．C 根据上文中的“the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree”和下文中的“I seem now…to hear and see”可知，此处指的应是作者以前不会注意到的东西。

play“轻快变幻的动作，闪烁”，the play of sunlight on water“阳光在水面上的闪烁”。

12．B 作者重新找回了童年时期看待事物的新鲜感。

recovered“重新获得的，重新找到的”，符合语境。

13．C 比如，回想起自己卧床两年后重新踏上这片土地的感觉有多好。

for
ins tance“比如，例如”，符合语境。

in contrast“相反”；in return“作为回报”；by chance“偶然地”。

14．B 这就像在一个差点失去的世界中重新获得公民身份一样。

regain“重新得到”和下文的“lost”相对应。

maintain“维持”；discover“发现”；forget“忘记”。

15．A 作者经常提醒自己要记下这个自己现在生活的时刻，因为活在此刻，作者是健康且快乐的，而且能做自己最喜欢做的事情。

remind“提醒”，符合语境。

promise“许诺，允诺”；convin ce“使相信”。

16．B 参见上题解析。

moment“时刻”；inspiration“灵感”。

17．A 参见第15题解析。

pleased“快乐的，高兴的”；courageous“勇敢的”；confident“自信的”；strong“坚强的”。

下文中的“I'm wiser now，a little，and happier”亦是提示。

18．D 它不会总是如这般存在，因此作者会充分利用它并心存感激。

上下文之间是因果关系，故用therefore。

meanwhile“与此同时”；otherwise“否则”；ho wever“然而”。

19．B 作者将这一切都归功于他卧病在床的那段漫长时光。

owe...to...“把……归功于……”，是固定用法。

20．A 更有智慧的人无需被困到如此境地也能明白这些道理。

awareness“意识，明白”符合语境。

compromise“妥协”。

四、单句改错
1．Oil must be made full use to serve the people well.
________________________________________________________
答案：use后加of 此处为make full use of ... 结构的被动语态。

2．After 25 years, she has changed without recognition.
________________________________________________________
答案：without→beyond beyond recognition “难以认出”。

3．Try to tell what you think of Tom and of the way which the children treated him.
________________________________________________________
答案：去掉which或which→that或which前加in the way作先行词，且在定语从句中作状语时，其引导词有三种形式：that/in which或省略。

4．Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because of she thought it was too hard.
________________________________________________________
答案：去掉of because引导原因状语从句。

because of后接名词(短语)、代词或宾
语从句。

5．The manager gave his command that measures were taken immediately to correct all the mistakes made in marketing.
________________________________________________________
答案：were→be that 引导的是同位语从句，解释说明command 的具体内容，其从句中的谓语动词应使用 “should＋动词原形”的结构，并且should 可省略。

五、短文改错
It is known that some students cheat in exams.It has three reason.First of all ，there are so many exams. Beside ，the exams given are difficulty in some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because of they are too lazy.The last reason is to please our parents and teachers.For some students ，low marks brought them great pressure and make them depressing.
In my opinion ，cheating in exams are wrong.We should take active attitude to our studies ，and try to get a mark what is true as well as good.
【答案】
It is known that some students cheat in exams.It has three reason reasons
.First of all ，there are so many exams.Beside Besides ，the exams given are difficulty difficult
in some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because ﹨o f they are too lazy.The last
reason is to please our their parents and teachers.For some students ，low marks brought bring
them great pressure and make them depressing depressed
. In my opinion ，cheating in exams are is
wrong.We should take ∧an active attitude to our studies ，and try to get a mark what that/which
is true as well as good. 第一处：reason→reasons。

考查名词复数。

根据three 可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。

第二处：Beside 改为Besides 。

考查副词。

besides 作副词讲时是“除此之外”的意思，而beside 为介词，意为“在……旁边”。

根据the exams 前的逗号可知，此处应用副词，故将Beside 改为Besides 。

第三处：difficulty→difficult。

考查形容词。

此处应用形容词difficult 作are 的表语，表示“困难的”。

第四处：删除of 。

考查连词。

“they are too lazy”为一个完整的句子，其前应该是一个连
词，故删除介词of。

第五处：our→their。

考查代词。

根据上文中的“they are too lazy”可知，此处应该用their。

第六处：brought→bring。

考查动词时态。

全文时态均为一般现在时，本句是对客观事实的陈述且根据and后的make可知，应用一般现在时。

第七处：depressing→depressed。

考查形容词。

此处depressed是分词形容词，作宾语补足语，宾语them指人。

第八处：are→is。

考查主谓一致。

动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，故用is。

第九处：active前加an。

考查冠词。

attitude是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且在读音以元音音素开头的形容词active之前，故用an。

第十处：what→that/which。

考查定语从句。

根据语境可知，此处应用that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a mark。