2024年广东省江门市高三下学期一模考试英语试卷(含详细答案解析)

2024年广东省江门市高三下学期一模考试英语试卷
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共30分。

A
A
Whether you are a fine art lover or history enthusiast, there are some museums that you should visit in your lifetime. Hereˈs a list of the best museums in the world.
LE LOUVRE, PARIS
A visit to the Louvre lets visitors discover ancient civilizations and Western art from the Middle Ages to 1848. The palace of the museum, dating back to the twelfth century and developed by architects from 1200 to 2011, is a lesson in architecture. The mo st famous art work is Leonardo da Vinciˈs “Mona Lisa”.
THE UFFIZI GALLERIES, FLORENCE
The museum occupies a large building constructed between 1560 and 1580. Itˈs famous for its outstanding collections of ancient sculptures and paintings from the Middle Ages to the Modern period, and mainly known for its paintings by Italian artists.
THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON
As the first national museum to cover all fields of human knowledge, it was founded in 1753 and opened its doors in 1759. Its eight million objects allow us to explore the diversity of human cultures, and discover the expressions in human beingˈs life. It boasts the worldˈs second finest collection of Egyptian antiques.
THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, NEW YORK
Also known as “the Met”, itˈs the largest art museum in the America. Presenting over 5,000 years of art from around the world, the museum lives in two sites in New York: The Met Fifth Avenue and The Met Cloisters. Since its founding in 1870, it has been a treasury of rare and beautiful objects, ranging from European paintings, Egyptian collections to American paintings.
1.Which museum is best known for ancient statues in the Middle Ages?
A. The Louvre.
B. The Uffizi Galleries.
C. The British Museum.
D. The Metropolitan Museum.
2.What can visitors enjoy in both the British Museum and the Met?
A. Art works from Egypt.
B. Expressions around the world.
C. Rare objects of human culture.
D. Paintings from Europe and America.
3.Where is this text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to arts.
B. An essay on architecture.
C. A guidebook to museums.
D. A review of Egyptian paintings.
B
B
Across the world, humans purchase around 1.3 billion single-use plastic water bottles a day. Because only about 9% of plastic is recycled, the vast majority of those bottles wind up in landfills, the ocean, or elsewhere in nature.
When beach-loving Madison noticed those plastic bottles during her familyˈs trips to California, the 12-year-old “just felt like this needed to change,” she told Smithsonian Magazine.
So as she began thinking about what to do for her school science fair back in 2021, the idea of a project centered on reducing plastic pollution quickly came to her mind: she would design an eatable water bottle called the Eco-Hero.
“One of my biggest ambitions for my project was wanting to help the world,” the confident young inventor said in a video on the website.
To bring her idea to life, Madison built upon the already established method by experimenting with common food materials. She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles, though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable. She found that the combination of water, lemon juice, natural gum, and Alginic acid (褐藻酸) resulte d in a gel pouch that wouldnˈt break, could hold up to 3/4 cup of water, and would last in the fridge for three weeks.
Though sheˈd like to improve the Eco-Hero by making it able to hold more water, she believes her current version would work well as a replacement for the paper cups used by runners in races. All one needs to do is bite a hole in the water ball, drink the water, and then eat the pouch or throw it away to biodegrade.
Madison hopes the Eco-Hero inspires others to take better care of the planet. “It doesnˈt necessarily have to be in a big way,” she told Smithsonian. “People can still make a difference in the world, even if itˈs just in a small way.”
4.What inspired Madisonˈs design of an eatable water bottle?
A. Her schoolˈs task.
B. Her familyˈs urge.
C. Her love for nature.
D. Her trips to the beach.
5.What can we know about the Eco-Hero?
A. It is a copy of the previous versions.
B. It is made from unbreakable materials.
C. It is an improvement in size and durability.
D. It has a hole and should be disposed once used.
6.Which of the following words can best describe Madison?
A. Ambitious and creative.
B. Talented and determined.
C. Courageous and confident.
D. Cooperative and committed.
7.What can be the best title for the text?
A. A good beginning is half done.
B. Small people make big moves.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way.
D. God helps those who help themselves.
C
C
Demographic changes, such as aging populations and declining birth rates, pose challenges as well as offer opportunities for industries and countries. To overcome the challenges and seize the opportunities, especially to achieve long-term economic sustainability, economies need to enhance policies promoting innovations.
Now many countries in East Asia are facing the aging population and declining working-age population problem. Compared with other advanced countries, Japan encountered the population aging problem at a slightly earlier stage, starting in the mid-1990s. As Japanˈs percentage of elderly population to th e total population increased, it impacted the countryˈs economy, leading to a contraction in domestic demand and decline in both production and consumption, and restricting the growth of economy.
Some innovative companies have actively increased outward FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), providing cost advantages from inexpensive overseas labor to maintain their cost competitiveness. However, the global economy is facing the challenge of declining trade owing to the protectionism practiced by certain countries. Consequently, the chances of boosting growth through outward FDI may be limited.
Developing artificial intelligence is another solution to the negative impacts of the demographic changes. AI and robotics will play a crucial role in stimulating productivity and innovation by making payment for the decline in the working-age population, and the following increase in productivity will in turn raise the demand for labor by creating new employment opportunities.
AI, robotics and other advanced technologies give rise to new tasks within their fields and across other sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to employ cooperation policies to support corporations that promote innovations by increasing investment in research and development, facilitating the growth of new companies, and building a perfect system to protect intellectual properties. Since AI and robotics may replace certain jobs, it is essential to address the potential challenges they may create in the labor market and work out strategies to ensure a balanced and comprehensive transition.
8.What do we know about demographic changes from the first two paragraphs?
A. There is no need to worry since the changes offer opportunities.
B. The changes wonˈt affect the long-term economic sustainability.
C. Japan is the only advanced country facing the changes at present.
D. Things should be done to overcome the challenges posed by the changes.
9.What does the underlined word “contraction” mean in the second paragraph?
A. Push.
B. Decrease.
C. Pause.
D. Change.
10.What is the writerˈs attitude to FDI?
A. Favorable.
B. Intolerant.
C. Objective.
D. Indifferent.
11.What does the writer advise to tackle the new tasks posed by advanced technologies?
A. Withdrawing investment in research and development.
B. Adopting policies that encourage innovation of corporations.
C. Establishing new companies to protect intellectual properties.
D. Creating potential labor market for more possible employments.
D
D
Figuring out biodiversity patterns and detecting rare or just-good-at-hiding species has long posed challenges for ecosystem monitoring and conservation efforts. Traditional survey methods are labor intensive and cover limited areas. Now, emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques open new possibilities.
Scientists collect water or soil samples from an environment and extract (提取) any DNA traces left behind by organisms. This is the environmental DNA (eDNA). They then use one of the two analysis methods — quantitative PCR (qPCR) or DNA sequencing (DNA 测序). Similar to COVID tests, qPCR is used to detect if a specific speciesˈ DNA is in the sample. For example, researchers tested river water eDNA to see if endangered fish X was present. When it was detected, they confirmed that the fish lived in that river without directly seeing it. DNA sequencing analyzes all DNA in the sample at once. Scientists can then match the DNA barcodes to databases to identify which species were in the sampled environment.
Although eDNA sampling cannot identify new species or those only known from photos and videos if they are not already listed in the reference databases, the real power of it lies in its ability to capture a wide range of organisms. With just one sample, scientists can detect all kinds of living things, from bacteria to whales, in almost any environment where life exists, including the deep sea and underground caves. One of the most significant advantages of eDNA sampling is that it allows scientists to detect species that are difficult to see or capture. This is particularly useful when studying rare or very small species, or when working in environments like dark water where visibility is limited.
This is just the start. Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles, analyzed by the drone or on board a research vessel (船舰), and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data about the condition of the ocean. Science fiction? Not any more.
12.Whatˈs the authorˈs purpose of mention ing the example in Paragraph 2?
A. To explain the process of qPCR analysis method.
B. To introduce the definition of environmental DNA.
C. To tell the difference between two analysis methods.
D. To show the similarity between qPCR and COVID tests.
13.Whatˈs the advantage of eDNA sampling?
A. It can detect species from photos and videos.
B. It can help scientists capture endangered species.
C. It enables scientists to work in invisible environment.
D. It can identify any living creature with a sample of it.
14.What could eDNA data be applied to in the future?
A. Studying microbial communities.
B. Analyzing diversity changes over time.
C. Collecting species in new environments.
D. Offering statistics for ocean supervision.
15.Whatˈs the main idea of the text?
A. Scientists have made a breakthrough in undersea research.
B. Rare species have been discovered with two analysis methods.
C. New biodiversity monitoring techniques are around the corner.
D. Traditional survey methods are abandoned for their shortcomings.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。

Itˈs no surprise that thereˈs a link between exercise and mental health. But scientists have now made it official: research has found a direct connection between movement and mood. Why does exercise hold so many benefits for our mental health? ___16____.
When our muscles tighten, chains of amino acids (氨基酸) called myokines (肌细胞因子) are released into the bloodstream. ____17___. This communication increases adaptation to stress, reduces symptoms of anxiety and has a direct effect on depression.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine showed that treatment for depression can be much more effective when physical activity is added to the usual care. ____18___. “While exercise is not a substitute for professional mental health treatment, physical activity can complement and enhance the effects of the treatment,” says lead researcher Ben Singh, a research fellow at the University of South Australia. He says regular exercise in a group setting can boost self-esteem and decrease feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Exercise helps build key connections between the networks within the brain, too. ___19____. Studies have shown that physical activity stimulates creativity, sharpens judgement skills and improves mental energy. It can also help to slow age-related cognitive decline, possibly even slowing the pace of developing Alzheimerˈs disease.
___20___. In this way youˈll keep going back to them. Experts suggest that you aim for a minimum of 10 to 30 minutes, three to five days each week. Getting sweaty is good for your body and mind.
A. It can improve overall cognitive performance
B. They help your muscles and organs communicate
C. The answer, studies say, lies in our brain chemistry
D. Here are the suggestions that you are supposed to pay attention to
E. It is amazing to consider how moving our bodies can affect our minds
F. To get the biggest health boost, the key is to be engaged in sports you enjoy
G. Participants found benefits after 12 weeks of exercising for 30 to 60 minutes a day
16.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
17.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
18.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
19.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
20.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共22.5分。

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

In 2014, a sophomore student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo. Little did he know that a chance ____21____ at the aquarium (水族馆) there would light a lifelong passion.
Fast-forward to today, Xu, a Beijing native, has ____22____ to the tropical island of South Chinaˈs Hainan province, where he serves as a coral ____23____ for a Sanya-based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Each day, he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and ____24____ the growth and development of the creatures that ____25____ him all those years ago. Xu, who is nicknamed “coral man”, is ____26____ engaged on such social media platforms as Sina Weibo, where he regularly shares visually amazing
photos and entertaining videos of corals. He aims to ____27____ individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs(珊瑚礁) and the oceans as a whole.
For Xu, who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood, becoming a coral conservationist was an
____28____ turn of events. After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to ____29____ the local market to learn about coral _____30_____ from merchants who sell decorative plants, fish and corals. He also
_____31_____information online. Before long, he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral.
“ The coral organism is quite sensitive to its environment and has extremely high _____32_____ for water quality,” recalls Xu. “When I started growing coral, its state was not _____33_____.” But as Xu gained more _____34_____ about coral, including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels, his coral gradually started to flourish. He also learned that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean, providing a _____35_____ for a quarter of all sea creatures.
21.A. accident B. encounter C. application D. performance
22.A. moved B. driven C. appealed D. signaled
23.A. educator B. ambassador
C. artist
D. conservationist
24.A. approve B. increase C. document D. smooth
25.A. separated B. relieved C. preserved D. fascinated
26.A. actively B. finally C. universally D. skillfully
27.A. teach B. arrange C. encourage D. force
28.A. impractical B. unexpected C. unfortunate D. unacceptable
29.A. frequent B. expand C. manage D. improve
30.A. selling B. observing C. farming D. decorating
31.A. answered for B. brought in C. searched for D. gave out
32.A. requirements B. reputations C. periods D. priorities
33.A. pure B. good C. confusing D. strict
34.A. evidence B. care C. equipment D. knowledge
35.A. map B. home C. platform D. container
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。

36.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2024 is the Year of the Dragon in the Chinese calendar and it is the first time that the Oxford English Dictionary (OED)____1____ (include) the term “Chinese dragon” in its dictionary. The Chinese dragon has two definitions in the OED, with the first one about its physical image and the second one on its figurative and allusive (典故的 ) nature.
Emperors in ancient dynasties were dressed in a Dragon Robe, a traditional silk-woven costume with dragon designs, ____2____ (symbolize) imperial power and authority. Jade Seals (玉玺), often ____3____ (carve) with dragons, also symbolize the authority of the emperor.
Contrary ____4____ the Western dragon, the image of the Chinese dragon, despite undergoing constant changes, has represented variousˈ positive ____5____ (quality) including prosperity, authority, strength and good fortune.
In ancient Chinese belief, dragons ____6____ (associate) with the control of the weather, particularly rain. The dragonˈs ability to bring rain was seen as crucial for agriculture, which made it ____7____ positive symbol for the fertility of the land.
With the rising China Chic trend and the countryˈs booming cultural creative industry, the Chinese dragon in folktale is now ____8____ (common) seen in creative products such as tear-off calendars, dolls, dragon-themed jewelry as well as the “dragon blind boxes”____9____ appeal to young consumers.
Whether it is through the hands of a national-level intangible (非物质) cultural heritage inheritor _____10_____ the hands of a Generation Z “blind box” designer, the Chinese dragon carries forward the Chinese cultural spirit.
(1) _________
(2) _________
(3) _________
(4) _________
(5) _________
(6) _________
(7) _________
(8) _________
(9) _________
(10) _________
五、任务型读写：本大题共1小题，共25分。

37.阅读下面材料根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Postcards from the World
While the sun washed over the grass of my grandmotherˈs front garden, I sank into one of her armchairs familiar to me. Life, as I knew it, had changed. My beloved grandmother, my Nanny, as a ”parent“ in the absence of my father, had cancer. It was terminal (晚期的).
As she watched Getaway, a Sunday afternoon TV program, she remarked to me that sheˈd never left Australia and that now she never would. Seeing her restricted to ”travel" by watching TV, I swallowed the sadness that came with knowing that chapters of her life were to be left unwritten.
At work, feeling helpless, I wiped tables and took orders and thought. Hard. The Saturday afternoon lunch rush was not enough to stop me from my thoughts. Collapsed with growing sorrow, I was reminded of the power of Facebook and the collective strength of human sympathy. I raced from the end of my shift to ask strangers on the Internet for help.
My Nanny Del has cancer. Itˈs terminal and she will never see the world. Please send her postcards so she can see the world from her armchair. I can offer nothing but gratitude.
I resolved not to breathe a word of this; if nothing came, I couldnˈt bear to carry her disappointment along with my own. . And if something should wander into our humble little letterbox, I vould consider it a blessing and embrace it gratefully.
Days turned to weeks: Nothing. And Nannyˈs health declined rapidly. I was trying to balance my full-time study, babysitting and waiting tables with the tiring responsibility of caring for my grandmother. As I helped Nanny in the early hours of those mornings, she would chat to me, sometimes reflections of her lifetime, and other times, the disturbance caused by medication. She seldom talked about her regret of being unable to travel, but I was still hoping for something.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

One afternoon, about six weeks after my Facebook post, a travel-worn postcard arrived in our letterbox.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
My dreams of armchair travels became a reality.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。

38.假定你是李华，周末你市美术馆要举办中国画展，请你写一封邮件邀请交流生朋友Tom一起前往观展，内容包括：
1. 观展安排；
2. 注意事项。

注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Tom,
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours,
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。

文章主要介绍了世界著名的四大艺术博物馆，让读者了解它们的建筑历史、展品特点以及其它的一些相关信息。

1. 细节理解题。

根据第三段“Itˈs famous for its outstanding collections of ancient sculptures and paintings from the Middle Ages to the Modern period, and mainly known for its paintings by Italian artists.(它以其从中世纪到现代时期的古代雕塑和绘画的杰出收藏而闻名，主要以意大利艺术家的绘画而闻名)”可知，乌菲齐美术馆以中世纪的古代雕像而闻名。

故选B。

2. 细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段“It boasts the worldˈs second finest collection of Egyptian antiques.(它拥有世界上第二好的埃及古董收藏)”以及最后一段“Since its founding in 1870, it has been a treasury of rare and beautiful objects, ranging from European paintings, Egyptian collections to American paintings.(自1870年成立以来，它一直是稀有和美丽物品的宝库，从欧洲绘画，埃及收藏品到美国绘画)”可知，游客在大英博物馆和大都会博物馆都能享受到埃及的艺术品。

故选A。

3. 推理判断题。

根据第一段“Whether you are a fine art lover or history enthusiast, there are some museums that you should visit in your lifetime. Hereˈs a list of the best museums in the world.(无论你是美术爱好者还是历史爱好者，总有一些博物馆是你一生中应该去参观的。

这里是世界上最好的博物馆的名单)”结合文章主要介绍了世界著名的四大艺术博物馆，让读者了解它们的建筑历史、展品特点以及其它的一些相关信息。

可推知，文章最有可能选自一本博物馆指南。

故选C。

4~7.【答案】D、C、A、B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了12岁的女孩Madison为了解决塑料瓶污染的问题，发明了可食用的水瓶。

1. 细节理解题。

根据第二段“When beach-loving Madison noticed those plastic bottles during her familyˈs trips to California, the 12-year-old ‘just felt like this needed to change,ˈ she told Smithsonian Magazine.(当热爱海滩的Madison在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中注意到这些塑料瓶时，这位12岁的女孩‘觉得这需要改变’，她告诉《史密森尼杂志》)”可知，Madison在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中发现海滩上有塑料瓶，这让她产生了
设计可食用水瓶的想法。

故选D。

2. 细节理解题。

根据第五段中的“She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles, though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable.(她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用)”可知，她设计的水瓶在体积和耐用性上有了改善。

故选C。

3. 推理判断题。

根据第五段中的“To bring her idea to life, Madison built upon the already established method by experimenting with common food materials. She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles, though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable.(为了将她的想法付诸实践，Madison在已经建立的方法的基础上，对常见的食物材料进行了实验。

她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用)”可推测出，Madison根据已经建立的方法和从以前的可食用水瓶中获得的灵感，通过实验设计出了更大、更耐用的水瓶，由此可推测出，她是一个有创造力的（creative）人。

根据第四段“‘One of my biggest ambitions for my project was wanting to help the world,ˈ the confident young inventor said in a video on the website.(这位自信的年轻发明家在网站上的一段视频中说：‘我对这个项目最大的抱负之一是想帮助世界。

’)”可知，她有帮助世界的抱负，由此可推测出，她是一个有抱负的（ambitious）人。

故选A。

4. 主旨大意题。

通读全文，尤其是最后一段中Madison的话“It doesnˈt necessarily have to be in a big way(这不一定要很大)”和“People can still make a difference in the world, even if itˈs just in a small way.(人们仍然可以在世界上有所作为，即使只是在很小的方面)”可知，年仅12岁的女孩Madison设计出了可食用的水瓶，用自己的方式帮助保护环境，她认为人们不一定要做出非常大的成就，小事情也能有重要影响，所以B项“小人物也能有大成就”适合作本文标题。

故选B。

8~11.【答案】D、B、C、B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章阐述了现在很多国家面临人口结构失衡的现象，它们把解决问题的方法投向了人工智能领域。

作者呼吁各国政府要出台相应政策支持人工智能的开发，同时也要关注它可能带来的负面影响。

1. 细节理解题。

根据第一段“To overcome the challenges and seize the opportunities, especially to achieve long-term economic sustainability, economies need to enhance policies promoting innovations.(为克服挑战、抓住机遇，特别是实现经济的长期可持续性，各经济体需要加强促进创新的政策)”可知，我们应该采取措施来克服人口变化带来的挑战。

故选D。

2. 词句猜测题。

根据划线词上文“As Japanˈs percentage of elderly population to the total population incre ased, it impacted the countryˈs economy”以及后文“in domestic demand and decline in both production and consumption, and restricting the growth of economy”可知，随着日本老龄人口比例的上升，国家经济受到影响，国内需求“减少”，从而导致生产力和消费下降，经济的增长也受到约束，故划线词意思是“减少”。

故选B。

3. 推理判断题。

根据第三段“Some innovative companies have actively increased outward FDI(Foreign Direct Investment), providing cost advantages from inexpensive overseas labor to maintain their cost competitiveness. However, the global economy is facing the challenge of declining trade owing to the protectionism practiced by certain countries. Consequently, the chances of boosting growth through outward FDI may be limited.(一些创新型企业积极增加对外直接投资（FDI），利用海外廉价劳动力的成本优势保持成本竞争力。

然而，由于某些国家实行保护主义，全球经济正面临贸易下降的挑战。

因此，通过对外直接投资促进增长的机会可能有限)”可推知，作者分别提到了FDI的优点和缺点，即对FDI的态度是客观的。

故选C。

4. 细节理解题。

根据最后一段“Therefore, it is necessary to employ cooperation policies to support corporations that promote innovations by increasing investment in research and development, facilitating the growth of new companies, and building a perfect system to protect intellectual properties.(因此，有必要通过加大研发投入、促进新企业成长、建立完善的知识产权保护制度等合作政策，支持推动创新的企业)”可知，作者建议采取鼓励企业创新的政策来应对先进技术带来的新任务。

故选B。

12~15.【答案】A、D、D、C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

新的生物多样性监测技术——环境DNA (eDNA)技术即将问世，文章对其进行了介绍。

1. 推理判断题。

根据第二段“They then use one of the two analysis methods — quantitative PCR (qPCR) or DNA sequencing (DNA 测序). Similar to COVID tests, qPCR is used to detect if a specific speciesˈ DNA is in the sample. For example, researchers tested river water eDNA to see if endangered fish X was present. When it was detected, they confirmed that the fish lived in that river without directly seeing it.(然后他们使用两种分析方法中的一种——定量PCR (qPCR)或DNA测序(DNA测序)。

与COVID测试类似，qPCR用于检测样品中是否存在特定物种的DNA。

例如，研究人员测试了河水的eDNA，看看是否存在濒危鱼类X。

当它被发现时，他们没有直接看到它就能确认鱼生活在那条河里。

)”可知，作者在第二段提到这个例子的目的是说明qPCR分析方法的过程。

故选A。

2. 细节理解题。

根据第三段前两句“Although eDNA sampling cannot identify new species or those only known from photos and videos if they are not already listed in the reference databases, the real power of it lies in its ability to capture a wide range of organisms. With just one sample, scientists can detect all kinds of living things, from bacteria to whales, in almost any environment where life exists, including the deep sea and underground caves.(虽然eDNA采样不能识别新物种，或者那些只从照片和视频中知道的物种，如果它们没有被列入参考数据库，但它的真正力量在于它能够捕获范围广泛的生物。

只需一个样本，科学家就可以在几乎任何有生命存在的环境中探测到各种生物，从细菌到鲸鱼，包括深海和地下洞穴。

)”可知，eDNA取样的优势是它可以用它的样本识别任何生物。

故选D。

3. 细节理解题。

根据最后一段第二句“Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles, analyzed by the drone or on board a research vessel (船舰), and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data about the condition of the ocean.(想象一下，未来eDNA数据可以由自动驾驶车辆从最偏远的海洋收集，由无人机或研究船上进行分析，并与其他监测数据相结合，这样海洋管理者和公众就可以看到有关海洋状况的近实时数据。

)”可知，eDNA数据在未来可以应用于为海洋监管提供统计数据。

故选D。

4. 主旨大意题。

根据第一段“Figuring out biodiversity patterns and detecting rare or just-good-at-hiding species has long posed challenges for ecosystem monitoring and conservation efforts. Traditional survey methods are labor intensive and cover limited areas. Now, emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques open new possibilities.(长期以来，弄清楚生物多样性的模式，探测稀有或善于隐藏的物种，一直是生态系统监测和保护工作的挑战。

传统的调查方法是劳动密集型的，覆盖范围有限。

现在，新兴的环境DNA (eDNA)技术开启了新的可能性。

)”可知，文章主要是讲新的生物多样性监测技术即将问世。

故选C。

16~20.【答案】C、B、G、A、F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了运动对心理健康有着积极作用，并阐述运动和情绪之间存在直接联系的原因
1. 根据上文“Why does exercise hold so many benefits for our mental health?(为什么运动对我们的心理健康有这么多好处？)”可知，本句主要回答上文的问题，结合后文“When our muscles tighten, chains of amino acids (氨基酸) called myokines (肌细胞因子) are released into the bloodstream.(当我们的肌肉收紧时，被称为肌促因子的氨基酸链被释放到血液中)”提到chains of amino acids氨基酸链的被释放，体现了正是C选项中chemistry的体现。

故C选项“研究表明，答案在于我们大脑中的化学物质”符合语境，故选C。