医用直线加速器常见故障

水冷、真空、气体
水冷
运动系统
运动系统
Movements interlocks
• Contactors • Stop motors and touchguard • Touchguard override • Machine state • Reset motors • Movement stop switches • Emergency shutdown
医用直线加速器常见故障
医用加速器类型
• 用于放射治疗
– X射线及电子线：电子直线加速器，电子回旋 加速器，电子感应加速器
– 质子及重离子：等时性回旋加速器，同步加速 器，直线加速器
• 用于医学成像
– PET (Positron Emission Tomography) ：小 型回旋加速器
– MV/KV成像：电子直线加速器连锁系统
Interlock levels
• For each superstate there is a fixed hardware state (enabling of contactors) imposed on each remote terminal of the machine. There are five interlock levels:
– system interlock – LT interlock – movements interlock – HT interlock – PRF interlock
Software Items and Parts
• Items
– The control software monitors and controls the machine via potentiometers, switches, relays, and supplies. To accomplish this the software is organized into small packages called Items. All of the machine monitoring and control components, that is switches, potentiometers, relays, have an Item associated with them. Each Item has a unique identifying number from 0 to 599.
加速器的结构
加速器的结构
加速器的结构
加速器的结构
• 控制系统 • 动力系统 • 运动系统 • 影像系统
安全
控制系统
Each control area is built around a PCB rack with bus interconnections. It consists of two independent terminals, A and B, each with its own power supplies. It functions independently as regards interlocks and safety circuits, known as the Remote Terminal Units (RTU)
• Parts
– In each of the Items, there are many parameters. These convert the data values to actual units, that is volts, amps, and degrees. There is a standard format for the layout of these parameters, which are called parts. These can be viewed when using the Display Machine Item command.
运动系统
准直器和多叶光栅系统
Varian加速器多叶光栅的结构
Elekta加速器的光学采样定位系统
分光镜的作用
多叶光栅叶片的结构
Varian-MLC的采样原理
光学系统的优化
光学系统的优化
MLC的校准
MLC校准
MLC校准
动力系统
电子枪
剂量监测系统
剂量监测系统
影像系统
影像系统
课程内容
• 直线加速器结构组成 • 直线加速器的控制系统 • 直线加速器的设备状态 • 直线加速器的连锁系统 • 直线加速器的冷却、气体和真空系统 • 直线加速器的运动系统 • 直线加速器的束流系统 • 直线加速器的影像系统 • 直线加速器多叶光栅系统
以下根据Elekta和Varian加速器维修手册
激光灯调整
System interlock
• Contactor A • Machine state • Emergency off switches • Water pressure • Water temperature • Pump temperature
水冷、气体、真空
真空系统
水冷、气体、真空