广东省2023年高二下学期英语期末试卷(附答案) (2)

广东省高二下学期英语期末试卷
Ⅰ语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意．然后从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

When I walk through the streets of San Francisco’s business districts, white people stare at me as if I were a circus clown.
Their starin g eyes don’t see that I get ____1____ A’s in school, or that I am a captain of the football team, or that I belong to ___2____youth organizations. All they see is that I am 6-foot-4, young, black, and male---a potential ____3____to them.
White men look at me as if I am up to no good, or as if they are ____4____to me. White women just look at me with____5____, say, sometimes they cross the street when they see my friends and me coming, or walk in the street and only get back on the sidewalk after we ____6____.
Many people come to San Francisco to get away from the stereotypes(成见) of the cities they were born and ____7_____ in. The majority of the blacks and Latinos who live in this city don’t have that luxury.
How can you feel at home when people are_____8_____telling you to get back to Africa or Mexico ----or just back to “where you belong”?
My way of dealing with this kind of thing has _____9_____over the years. In the past, when my friends and I would walk the streets and a hundred pairs of white eyes would look at me as if we were the lowest form of dirt, it would make us angry enough to hurt or ____10____them.
Now I’m more likely to use ____11____ to defend myself against those eyes. To women who clutch their purse in terror, I’ll say, “Man, I ain’t gonna do anything to you, I got money in my pocket!” My cousin has even started wearing a T-shirt ____12_____ in big letters, “NO, WHITE LADY, I DON'T’ WANT YOUR PURSE.”
The most painful thing is when we get those___13____ stares from black people, especially elderly ones. I want o say to them, “We’re black, too. Why would we do something to you?”
Usually I react more ____14____to all of this than a lot of my friends do. Some of them, so brainwashed, just think it’s part of life and that there is nothing you can do.
But for me, that’s not good enough. I just can’t stand it when every day a hundred pair of eyes tell you you’re not_____15_____.
1．A. hardly B. mostly C. merely D. particularly
2．A. social B. local C. positive D. new
3．A. danger B. treasure C. gift D. neighbor
4．A. better B. close C. perfect D. superior
5．A. fear B. interest C. honor D. despair
6．A. run B. walk C. pass D. move
7．A. known B. developed C. raised D. located
8．A. honestly B. constantly C. hopefully D. freely
9．A. changed B. formed C. strengthened D. increased
10．A. kill B. rob C. damage D. steal
11．A. actions B. deeds C. signs D. words
12．A. writing B. printing C. telling D. saying
13．A. fearful B. doubtful C. pitiful D. impressive
14．A. strongly B. actively C. disappointedly D. casually
15．A. sincere B. mature C. welcome D. gentle
第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题l.5分，满分l5分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16—25的相应位置上。

When very small dinosaur bones were found in a Germany mine, people thought they were from baby dinosaurs. __16__ Martin Sander's work shows that they were probably fully __17__ (grow) and belong to the smallest giant dinosaur species ever found.
Growth marks on dinosaur bones are similar __18__ growth rings on trees. The rings are far apart while the animal is young and growing quickly. __19__ get closer as growth slows. "It is __20__ (exact) these tight ring marks that we found in the fossil bones," says Sander. So the fossils must have been from adult animals.
__21__ was this German dinosaur so much smaller than other giant dinosaurs, which grew up to 45 metres long and weighed as much as a thousand humans?
150 million years ago, most of Germany was underwater. Scientists think that __22__ water levels rose, there was less and less land and food available. The dinosaur __23__ (force) to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal __24__ (need) less space and food.
Since 1998, scientists have dug up more than 1,000 dinosaur fossils in the mine. It is one of the few places in the world __25__ the bones and footprints of dinosaurs have been found together.
Ⅱ阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenter s compared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.
The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.
The implication (含义) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Go ethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”
26．The underlined word “rating”in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_________”.
A. program
B. regulation
C. correction
D. classification
27．What’s the passage mainly about?
A. A new scientific experiment.
B. The Self-fulfilling Effect.
C. Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”.
D. An improved teaching method.
28．The experiment was made in order to _________.
A. try out a new teaching method
B. pick out the most excellent pupils
C. learn if expectations affect performance
D. give each pupil a proper rating
29．What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?
A. Strict training from Higgins.
B. Her own strong will and hard work.
C. The proper way she was regarded
D. Warm encouragement from Pickering.
30．According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_________”.
A. I’m sure you can make it
B. I will help you any time
C. It is as easy as pie
D. It doesn’t matter if you fail
B
Researchers at the University of Bedforshire have developed a new technique for powering electronic device（装置）. The system, developed by Professor Ben Allen at the Centre for Wireless Research, uses radio waves as power.
Believed to be a world first, the team claims it could eventually elimina te (or get rid of) the need for conventional batteries. The university has now filed a patent application to secure the only rights to the technique.
Professor Allen and his team have created a system to use medium wave frequencies to replace batteries in small everyday devices like clocks and remote controls.
The new technique uses the “waste” energy of radio waves and has been developed as part of the university’s research into “power harvesting”. Professor Allen said that as radio waves have energy---like light waves, sound waves or wind waves---in theory, these waves could be used to create power.
“The emerging（新兴的）area of power harvesting technology promises to reduce our reliance on conventional batteries,” he said. “It’s really exciting way of taking power from sources other than what we would normally think of.”
The team is now waiting for the results of the patent application to secure recognition of the technique. Professor Allen said that the team’s achievements had all been done in their “spare time”. “Our next stage is to try and raise some real funds so that we can take this work forward and make a working prototype（模型）and maybe partner up with the right people and take this to a full product in due course,” he said.
“Power harvesting has a really important part in our future, because, just in this country, we dispose of somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 tones of batteries in landfill（垃圾填理）sites every single year－that is toxic chemicals going into the ground.”
He added that development of the product could also be “commercially beneficial”. “The market for this is several billion pou nds. We’ve seen market predictions for 2021 which have these kinds of figures, so there’s a lot of commercial potential in this area,” he said.
Pro-Vice Chancellor at the University of Bedfordshire, Professor Carsten Maple, said, “This type of work is a re flection of the university’s growing reputation and experience in conducting innovative（创新的）research.”31．From the text we know the new technique for powering electronic devices_____.
A. can be applied to all electronic devices.
B. uses radio waves to create power.
C. has replaced conventional batteries.
D. produces many toxic chemicals.
32．According to Professor Allen, power harvesting technology______.
A. makes every use of radio waves.
B. takes power from usual sources.
C. reduces our dependency on conventional batteries.
D. aims at huge commercial benefits.
33．What can we learn about Professor Allen and his team from the text?
A. They have made use of radio waves in their daily life.
B. They have raised a big fund to support their research.
C. They have gained a patent for their new technology.
D. They mainly did their research in their spare time.
34．What is Professor Carsten Maple’s attitude toward the new technique?
A. Critical.
B. Favorable.
C. Conservative.
D. Negative.
35．What is the text mainly about?
A. A new technique to create power.
B. A crisis concerning conventional batteries.
C. Some special sources of power.
D. The development of power harvesting.
C
“I’ve never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from his lab at Texas A&M University. “It’s a stupid endeavor.”
That’s an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two cows and a cat.
They just might succeed in cloning Missy soon — or perhaps not for another five years.
Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dog's eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate（代孕的）mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted(流产，发育不全) fetuses（胎）may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1996, Westhusin's phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. “A lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right,” says Westhusin. Cost is no obstacle for Missy's mysterious billionaire owner; he's put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M's research.
Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs. nurture. It could also lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals.
However, Westhusin is ca utious about his work. He knows that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems~ “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we're not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?”
36．By “stupid endeavor”, Westhusin means to say that ________.
A. human cloning is a foolish undertaking
B. animal cloning is absolutely impractical
C. human cloning should be done selectively
D. animal cloning is not worth the effort at all
37．What does the second paragraph tell us about Westhusin's dog cloning project?
A. Its success is already in sight.
B. It is progressing smoothly.
C. It is doomed to utter failure.
D. Its outcome remains uncertain.
38．By cloning Missy, Mark Westhusin hopes to ________.
A. study the possibility of cloning humans
B. search for ways to modify its temperament
C. find out the differences between Missy and its clones
D. examine the reproductive system of the dog species
39．We learn from the passage that animal clones are likely to have ________.
A. a bad temper
B. defective（有缺陷的、有毛病的）organs
C. immune deficiency
D. an abnormal shape
40. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Cloning of Missy
B. Scien tist Says ‘No’ to Human Cloning
C. Human Cloning Is Dangerous .
D. Westhusin Is Cautious about Cloning
D
One evening in February , a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gat e that blocked her path .That’s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.
Ceely’s near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS (导航仪). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right i nto the path of a speeding train,” she told the BBC.
Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely’s story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it’s not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.
The problem with his argum ent in the book is that it’s not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor singalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn’t say.
It’s a problem that runs thr ough the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it’s also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.
If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.
41.What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident？
A. She was not familiar with the road.
B. It was dark and raining heavily then.
C. The railway workers failed to give the signal.
D. Her GPS device didn’t tell her about the crossing.
42.The phrase “near miss” (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by______.
A. close hit
B. heavy loss
C. narrow escape
D. big mistake
43. Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?
A. Modern technology is what we can’t live without.
B. Digital technology often falls short of our expectation.
C. Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.
D. GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely’s accident.
44. In the writer’s opinion, Stevenson’s argument is _______.
A. one-sided
B. reasonable
C. puzzling
D. well-based
45. What is the real concern of the writer of this article?
A. The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.
B. The relationship between human and technology.
C. The shortcomings of digital devices we use.
D. The human unawareness of technical problems.
第二节信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。

请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

首先请阅读下列书籍的封面及基本信息：
A. How to do just about anything on a computer
Make the most of your computer with this easy-to-follow guide packed with
hundreds of valuable tips, practical projects, and problem-solving pointers. Organized in
four sections, the book takes you from your initial computer set-up to creating your own
iTunes account. Each chapter follows a similar
step-by-step illustrated format so you will always feel
as if you have an instructor at your side.
B. A Gate at the Stairs
"A Gate at the Stairs" is writer Lorrie Moore's first book in over ten years. It takes
place in 20XX shortly after the terrorist attacks on America. It tells about a young girl
named Tassie who attends college in the Midwest. She takes a job as a babysitter for a
woman and her huand who have adopted a child of mixed race. It is a funny, sad and
emotional story about marriage, race, family, terrorism and war.
C. The Magicians and The Magic King
Take one part Harry Potter, another part The Chronicles of Narnia, plus some new
parts all the author’s own, season them liberally with adult themes —these are
definitely not books for children — and you have this most readable, imaginative pair from
author Grossman. Quentin Coldwater passes the entrance exam for Brakebills magic
college and learns to master the art thereof, while also learning that “Fillory,” the fantasy
world of his favorite book series as a child, is real. But there are demons within and
without, and the life of magic and adventure i sn’t always a happy one.
D. Bear
Few animals are as closely associated with humans
as bears. Tracing the evolution of the bear family, the
author discusses extinct types, such as the cave bear and the giant short-faced bear, as
well as describing the eight species that exist. It explores the bear-human relationship
and how human perceptions of bears have changed over time. Drawing from cultures
around the world, it discusses the various legends and myths, including the ceremonies
and taboos that surround hunting, killing and eating bears. "Bear" will appeal to all those interested in the past, present and future of these extraordinary creatures.
E. Cutting for Stone
"Cutting for Stone" was written by the medical doctor and writer Abraham Verghese. It is a powerful story about twin brothers born in a Catholic hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Their mother, an Indian nurse at the hospital, dies in childbirth. Their father, a British doctor, flees as soon as they are born. The brothers are raised by two Indian doctors who live at the hospital. One brother later moves to the United States. This is a story
about the extremes of love, family, and medicine.
F. You Can't Teach Until Everyone is Listening
This book offers six simple, practical, and doable steps for managing your
classroom! This concise guide shows teachers how to prevent miehaviors—rather
than react to them—and emphasizes the importance of: Establishing your role as a proactive classroom facilitator; creating a safe environment for learning; and, establishing a relationship of trust with your students. "You Can't Teach Until Everyone is Listening" is meant to strengthen every teacher's confidence and effectiveness in creating positive and productive classrooms and helping students to grow and learn to their greatest potential.
下面是一些读者的基本情况,请把相关读者和他们需要的书籍匹配起来。

46. Zhang Ying is preparing for further study in the USA. Therefore, he is interested in reading some books about American life, including college life, family, cultural diversity and even terrorist attacks.
47. Charlie, who attends college in the Midwest, majors in medicine. He is fond of reading stories about family and love, especially those related to his future career.
48. Kate, who teaches children of mixed race in a primary school in the Midwest, finds it difficult to manage her class effectively. Now she is eager to find a book which helps improve her teaching.
49. Daisy is a nurse in an Indian hospital. She is an experienced nurse, but she is not skilled at using the computer. She wants to learn how to set up her computer, send and receive e-mail securely, share files, and scan documents.
50. Tired of reading magic novels like Harry Potter or The Chronicles of Narnia, Henry’s interest turns to animals that have a close relationship with humans, such as dogs, cats and even fierce animals.
第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节基础写作（满分15分）
假如你叫李华，现正在美国加利福尼亚州上大学，你的一个朋友刘英写信向你了解美国加利福尼亚州的情况，请根据以下内容提示给他回信简介加利福尼亚州。

地理方面面积42.4万平方千米，美国西部，西濒太平洋，美国面积第三大的州
人口方面约38,000,000人；
据说15000前印第安人首先进入；16世纪欧洲人开始进入；19世纪中世界各地的人带着发财梦进入；未来将还会有人因喜爱加州的气候和生活方式进入。

语言方面58% 的人把英语作为母语来讲，42%的人讲其它语言。

加利福尼亚州：California；太平洋：the Pacific；印第安人：Indians
【写作内容】
请根据以上内容给朋友写回信，内容包括：
1、加里福尼亚的地理方面的信息;
2、人口及其语言方面的信息;
3、信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入句子数。

【写作要求】
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。

【评分标准】
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。

Dear Liu Ying,
Your letter reached me yesterday. You would like me to tell you something about California, so now I am writing to you.
___________________________________________________________________________________ If you want to know more, you may go to .
Best wishes to you.
Yours ever,
Li Hua
第二节读写任务（满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

The Elephant and the Fly
An elephant was standing and picking leaves from a tree. A small fly came，flying and buzzing (嗡嗡叫) near his
ear. The elephant waved it away with his long ears. Then the fly came again, and the elephant waved it away once more.
This was repeated several times. Then the elephant asked the fly, “Why are you so restless and noisy? Why can’t you stay for a while in one place? ”
The fly answered, “I am attracted to whatever I see, hear or smell. My five senses pull me constantly in all directions and I cannot resist them．What is your secret? How can you stay so calm and still?”
The elephant stopped eating and said, “My five sense s do not rule my attention. Whatever I do, I get involved in it. Now that I am eating, I am completely absorbed in eating. In this way I can enjoy my food and chew it better. I rule and control my attention, and not the other way around. So when you are in charge of your five senses and attention, your mind will become calm, too.”
【写作内容】
1、以约30个词概括短文的内容；
2、然后以约120个词就“专注”这一主题发表你的看法，并包括以下要点：
（1）看完故事后的感受及启发；
（2）描述一段你或他人因受太多干扰而使学习、生活或工作受到影响的不愉快经历；
（3）你打算在高三这一年里如何保持专注、专心。

1、在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2、作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

英语参考答案
四、基础写作：
One possible version:
Your letter reached me yesterday. You would like me to tell you something about California, so now I am writing to you.
California, the third largest state in size in the USA with a population of more than 38 million, is located in the west of the United States on the Pacific in the west. It is said that the first settlers were Indians who got there 15000 years ago and only in the 16th century did Europeans come to settle. In the 19th century, people from all over the world came rushing into California with the dream of becoming rich. It is believed that in the future more people, attracted by the climate and lifestyle, will keep immigrating to California. As for language, only 58% of Californians speak English as their native language, while the others speak other languages.
If you want to know more, you may go to
Best wishes to you.
Yours ever,
Liu Hua
教师的职务是‘千教万教，教人求真’;学生的职务是‘千学万学，学做真人’。

我们发现了儿童有创造力，认识了儿
童有创造力，就须进一步把儿童的创造力解放出来。

——好词好句。