【知识】人教版英语必修五unit5知识点供参考

【关键字】知识
必修五unit5知识点详解
1 Aid (v)帮助; 援助=help sb
帮助某人去做…. aid sb to do
在…事帮助某人aid sb in …
He aided me in business.
I aided her to continue her study.
At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor.
n /U/帮助; 援助
在某人的帮助下with the aid of
为了帮助… in aid of
Teachers give their lessons with the aid of computers.
He raised money in aid of the sick.
知识拓展：
give/offer aid 援助
come to sb.'s aid 帮助某人
cut off aid （突然）终止援助
a hearing aid 助听器
teaching aids 教具
medical aid 医疗救护
2. temporary 暂时的，临时的
temporary relief from pain短暂的解痛
temporary work/ solution临时工作/解决办法
3. fall ill
fall+ adj.
ill
asleep
awake
sick
silent
4 get+过去分词表被动或状态
The computer got damaged when we were moving.
My bike is getting repaired now.
My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball.
Peter and Mary got married last year.
get done
get injured受伤
get dressed穿衣服
get damaged遭到破坏
get changed 改变
get married结婚
get infected被感染
get broken被弄破
get lost迷失，走失
5 injure v.
injury to sth. …（部位）的伤
injuries to the legs
got injured
injury
injured
hurt肉体，精神上的伤害（一般用语），疼痛
injure意外或事故而受伤
wound指外伤（刀、枪、剑伤）
6. bleed-blood-bloody
(v.) (n.) (adj.)
His nose was bleeding. = He was bleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose. 他在流鼻血。

bleed for为…而流血, 悲痛
bleed to death出血过多而死
lose blood流血、失血
flesh and blood血肉之躯
7. choke vi. & vt. 窒息; 阻塞
She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。

The smoke almost choked me. 烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。

At the bad news, he couldn't choke back his tear听到这则噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪。

The man gave a few chokes and then got his breath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。

8.essential adj. 最重要的，不可缺少的，本质的
1)Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops.阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。

2)It is essential for us to set our study goal.我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。

3)It is essential that you (should) win the voter's hearts.赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。

-----当用it充当主语而用它充当表语时，that 从句的谓语动词用should +动词原形。

9. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease,…
act as 作为….
barrier 屏障,障碍物,隔阂
You should show the ticket at the barrier.
The language barrier
10 poison n./vt. 毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒
eg:1)Poisons must be put out of children’s reach.毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。

2)This matter will make some poison to the crops.这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害。

3)Books of this kind can make poison to children.这类书会对儿童造成毒害。

4)Heroin has poisoned a lot of people.海洛因毒害了很多人。

5)The polluted water in the river poisoned people here.污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。

-----poisonous adj. 有毒(害)的
eg: This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.
11.protect…against/ from…保护…不受…的损害
prevent…from doing阻止．．．
protect your eyes from strong light
to protect you against cold
prevent them from getting married
prevent sb. (from) doing
stop sb. (from) doing
keep sb. from doing
12. sense (n. & v.)
five senses：
sense of smell
sense of hearing
the sixth sense
sense of touch
sense of sight
sense of taste
sense of humour、duty、direction
The man has no common sense . (无常识)
What he said made no sense.(没道理)
sense (v.) 感觉到
Although she didn’t say anything, I sensed that she didn’t like the id ea.
(我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意）
13.So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious. 该句是一个主从复合句，主句为：So if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious；从句为：as you can imagine. as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有“正如……”或“就象……”的意思；它所引的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。

另外，该句的主句中还含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。

请看类似的句子：
As you can see, if they are not properly protected, the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later.
正如你所看到的，这些农田如果保护不当迟早会变成沙漠。

as we all know = as is known to all
as we expect = as is expected
as everybody can see
as you can imagine
14.various 不同的，各种各样的
There are various colors to choose from.
vary vi 1.～(in sth)——be different in size, volume, strength, etc(体积、容积、力量等)呈现不同
Opinions vary on this point.
15. vary ～(with sth); ～(from sth to sth)
——change , esp according to some factor改变, 变动, 变化（尤指伴随某种因素而产生）Prices vary with seasons. 物价随季节而变动
Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression. 她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉variety n. 变化，多样性，种类
We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化
The shopping center sells a variety of goods
a variety of+名词,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致
16.depend on取决于,依赖,依靠,信赖,信任
His whole family depends on him他全家都靠他养活.
He is a man to be depended on他是个可以信赖的人
dependent ( adj. )
dependence ( n. )
independent ( adj. )
independence (n.)
17. mild-milder-mildest-mildly
Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.
mild在这个句子中的意思是“轻微的、不严重的”。

如：Edward suffered from a mild heart attack.爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。

mild还可以表示“温和的、暖和的；味淡的”
如：She’s the mildest person I have ever met in my life. 她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了
a mild climate 温暖的天气
mild cheese 淡味奶酪
18. 词语辨析:
electric电的,发电的,由电产生的,用于导电的.
electrical有关电的,与电有关的.
electricity电,电力. 电力学
electric generator 发电机, electric cooker 电炉,
electric iron 电熨斗, electric engineer 电机工程师
19.swell vt./vi. Swell swelled/ swelled swollen使膨胀，使(力量，数目等)增长，使壮大，The wind swelled the sails. 风使船帆鼓起。

His injured wrist began to swell (up).他那受伤的手腕开始肿起。

Her face swelled up with toothche.
The wind swelled into a storm. 风力渐增，终于形成一场暴风雨。

a small business swelled into a big company.壮大
4)Never swell with pride when you make some contributions. 有了贡献不要沾沾自喜。

swell with pride/anger得意洋洋、怒气冲冲
The doctor examined the swelling on my back.
swollen adj. 肿胀的
His eyelid is swollen. 他眼皮肿了。

20.stick
stick sth. to sth. 粘住
Stick the glue to my fingers.
stick to doing sth
stick to 坚持
stick to one’s view坚持自己的观点
21. jewellery=jewelry 珠宝(总称) 不可数
jewel 可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物
jewel
jewellery
jewels
She appeared at the reception wearing her finest jewels.
She locked her jewels in the jewellery box.
22.Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.立即用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰水
-y是个形容词后缀。

如：
windy有风 hilly多小山的
sleepy困倦的greeny略呈绿色的
spicy辛辣的woody树木茂密的
23. unbearable不能忍受的
un—不能….,无法….
unforgettable unwilling unusual uncertain
unfair
unfit
unbelievable
unfortunate
unlike
uncomfortable
24. squeeze 挤；压；塞
squeeze sth. into sth. 把……塞进
squeeze sth. from/ out of sth. 挤出
squeeze through 挤过
squeeze sth. out of sb. 敲诈逼某人说出
I squeezed myself onto the crowded train.
He squeezed everything into a suitcase.
She watched her grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon attentively
Although I am busy, I still can squeeze you in at 10 o’clock
Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多钱。

I’ll never give in to you, and you can squeeze nothing out of me
The little boy is squeezing the toothpaste from the tube onto the toothbrush
25. over and over again
List some phrases or words that have similar meaning over and over
again and again over and again many times repeatedly
from time to time
now and then
now and again
Sometimes
At times
26. Hold the bandage in place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定。

in place在适当的地方。

如：
The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。

You’d better put things back in place.你最好把你的东西放回原位。

Her dress was out of place at the ceremony.（不得体,不适当）
in place 还有“准备就绪”的意思。

如：
The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place.周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。

With everything in place, she started the slide show.
27.Pour
1. 倒,灌,注
She poured herself another cup of tea. 她为自己又倒了一杯茶。

2. 倾注;大量投入;大量生产
They have poured money into the tourist industry. 他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。

3 倾吐,诉说
She often pours her troubles to friends. 她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。

不及物动词vi.
1. 倾泻,涌流
The crowd poured out of the concert hall. 人群从音乐厅涌出来。

Sweat poured from Martin's face. 马丁脸上汗如雨下。

2. 斟茶
Shall I pour? 我来斟茶好吗?
3 (雨)倾盆而降(+down)
The rain poured steadily down. 大雨不停地倾盆而下。

Pour cold water on/over对…泼冷水
Pour oil on the flames火上浇油
Pour oil on troubled waters平息风波
Reading2
1 award, reward, prize
award 指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。

如：
The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.
学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。

reward“报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。

如：
The fireman received a reward for saving the child's life.
因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。

prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。

如：
Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.
参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。

2.Honor
n. (U) 荣誉，尊敬;名誉
It’s a point of honor with me to reply all my debts promptly.
(C)引以为荣的人/事，只用单数。

(D)The successful launch of the “Shenzhou VI” is an honor to our country.
do sb an honor /the honor （of doing sth）使某人有特殊的荣幸,赏光
Will you do me the honor of dining with me? 可否赏光和我一起吃饭？
in sb’s /sth’s honor 出于对…的敬意
We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.
我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。

in honor of… ，为纪念…，为庆祝…
A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。

v.给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）
1 honor sb/sth （with sth）
The President honored us with a personal visit.
2 be honored for…因…而受到尊敬
Dr Bethune was honored for his selfless work.白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。

3 be/feel honored that…很荣幸能做… I am honored that you should notice me.我很荣幸您能注意到我。

4 be/feel honored to do 很荣幸能做…。

I am honored to be here with you.能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。

an honored guest 贵宾
3 present v.
Joan was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of the life of another.
1.赠送
present + sth. +to +sb. 把某物送给某人
present + sb. +with sth. 赠送某人某物
2.——introduce (sb) formally 正式介绍
She presented her boyfriend to us. 她把男朋友介绍给我们。

3.——show显示,呈现
～a smiling face显出一张笑脸
4. 描述
The characters in the novel are vividly ～ed. 小说中人物被描写得很生动
adj. 作前置定语,“目前的,现在的”
作后置定语,“出席的,在场的
the present members
the members present
n.——gift 礼物
相关短语：
the present day 今天(=today)
at present／at the present time＝now 现在for the present 暂时 the present 现在(相当于名词) be present at 出席;到场
4).ceremony
n. (C)典礼；仪式
(U)礼节；礼仪；客套
The wedding ceremony was beautiful.
There is no need for ceremony between us.
Expressions:
stand on ceremony拘泥礼节；讲究客套
with ceremony 正式；隆重
without ceremony不拘礼节地；随便地
The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony.人们以最高规格的仪式欢迎国家首脑。

5). John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
此句型中when作并列连词相当于and then意为”正当……时突然”,常用于以下句型：be doing …when…正在做……突然
be about to do …when…即将做……突然
be on the point to do…when…正要去做…..突然
has/have/had done…when… 刚刚……这时(突然)
6 cut one's finger 割破手指
have one's hair cut 理发
cut expenses 减少费用
cut a class 逃学
Was your salary cut? 你的薪水减少了吗?
习惯用语：
be cut out for 有做某事的天赋; 适合于; 与...相配合
short cut 捷径, 近路(一般和make, take 连用; 有时用作定语)
draw cuts 抽签
cut about 乱切, 乱砍乱跑
cut at 向...砍去猛打毁掉
cut away 切除, 剪掉匆匆跑掉
cut back(on) 减少; 剪短; 倒叙; 缩减; 中断;
cut down 削减, 压缩砍倒使丧命比...强; 使...逊色
cut in 插进来说, 插嘴夹进来, 夹塞干预超车
cut into 插进来, 参加(谈话), 打断(别人的话); 减少, 缩减; 切开; 侵犯(利益)
cut off切断, 停掉隔绝, 挡住死掉使电话中断切[剪]下来剥夺(继承权)
cut out 删掉停止 (机器)失灵
7.a number of+可数名词，谓语用复数，意为“许多，大量的... ...”，the number of +可数名词，谓语用单数，意为“... ... 的数量”
eg:1)A number of problems have arisen.已经出现了很多问题。

2)The number of colleges has increased in the past 10 years.在过去的十年里，大学的数量有所增加。

-----其他表示“许多，大量”的短语：
a great /good many
a large /great /good/small number of +可数名词
a good few / quite a few
many a
much
a great / good deal of
a great / large amount of +不可数名词
quite a little
a lot of / lots of
a great / large quanitity of +可数或不可数名词
large quanitities of
plenty of
8.put one's hands on 找到
eg: Few of the students have put their hands on the materials for their compositions.
没有几个学生找到适合他们作文的素材。

9.treat vt.
1)对待；看待，把...看作：
treat sb.badly虐待某人
treat sb.as distinguished guest把某人待为上宾
treat sb. with consideration对待某人很体贴
Do not treat this serious matter as a joke.
2)讨论；探讨；详述；（文学，艺术作品中）描绘，描述；表现：
He treats this subject thoroughly in his book.他在书中详尽透彻地讨论了这个问题。

3)医治，治疗：
treat sb. for influenza 给某人医治流行感冒
treat sb’s toothache治疗某人的牙痛
4)款待，请客(to):
treat sb. to an ice-cream( a theatre)请某人吃冰激凌（看戏）
I‘ ll treat myself to a sunbath.我要好好地享受一次日光浴。

Let’s go out for dinner-----my treat this time.这次由我请客。

10 .apply
Vt. 涂,敷;应用;适用
Application—applicant---applicance--applicable
1)涂,敷
她在脸上浓妆艳抹
She applied heavy makeup to her face.
2)我们应该把理论应用于实践。

We should apply theory to practice.
This rule can not be applied to every case.
vi. 申请apply to sb for sth
apply for a job申请就业
Apply for a scholarship申请奖学金
apply to do sth 申请做某事
They applied to return to China.
3)适用
School regulations apply to every student. 校规适用于每位学生。

This rule can not apply to every case. 这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。

apply oneself/sth to sth使致力(于),使专心从事
He applied himself to learning French. 他致力于学习法语。

专心于，致力于:
Bury oneself in
Absorb oneself in
Involve oneself in
lose oneself in
commit oneself to
devote oneself to
keep one’s mind on
11.There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了。

【拓展】
1）There's no doubt that...是固定句式，意为：“毫无疑问……”。

2）There's no doubt 后接名词时，需用介词about或of。

如：
There's no doubt about/of his honesty. 毫无疑问他是诚实的。

3）肯定句中可用whether，if，that引起宾语从句，否定句中只能用that。

如：
He doubted whether they would be able to help. 他拿不准他们是否能帮上忙。

There is some doubt whether John will come. 约翰是否会来很难说。

There is no doubt that the plan will succeed. 毫无疑问，这计划一定会实现。

There is no need…是没必要的
There is no point in ……是没有意义的
There is no denying that…不可否认的
There is no saying…很难说，没法知道
12 make a difference有关系,有影响,起(重要作用)
make a( no, some, no, any, little, much) difference (to sb/sth)
1.=have an (no, some……)effect (on sb/sth)
对某人/某事物有、没有、有些……作用或影响
1)The rain didn’t make much difference (to the game). 这场雨对比赛没多大影响
2)The sea air has made a difference to her health. ……改善了她的健康状况
2.=be important (unimportant) (to sb/sth)
对某人(某事物)重要,不重要等;要紧,不要紧等
1)对我来说,你来不来都无所谓
It makes no difference to me whether you come or not.
2)你的选择事关重大。

Your choice makes a difference.
Useful expressions：
1 在救生员颁奖大会 at the Lifesaver Awards
2 在颁奖大会at a ceremony
3 对某人实施急救give first aid on sb
4 紧急抢救lifesaving first aid
5 骇人听闻的持刀杀人a shocking knife attack
6 找到put one’s hands on =find
7 手上的伤口the injury to the hand/ arm/ leg..
8 按住伤口apply pressure to the wound
9 敏捷的思维quick thinking
10 产生差别make a difference
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