牛津上海版英语四年级上语法(全)
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………………………………
英语笔记
(四、五年级)
目录
1. 音标……………………………………………………………………(P1-6) 2. 反义词…………………………………………………………………(P7) 3. 人称代词………………………………………………………………(P8) 4. 动名词…………………………………………………………………(P9) 5. 可数名词的复数变化形式……………………………………………(P10) 6. 星期和月份的词汇……………………………………………………(P11) 7. 基数词和序数词的用法………………………………………………(P12) 8. to be 句型……………………………………………………………(P13) 9. 含有 have/has 的句型…………………………………………………(P14) 10. can 句型…………………………………………………………………(P15) 11. there be 句型……………………………………………………………(P16) 12. 祈使句……………………………………………………………………(P17) 13. to do 句型………………………………………………………………(P18) 14. 改写句子 1-----否定句……………………………………………………(P19) 15. 改写句子 2-----一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答…………………………(P20) 16. 改写句子 3----特殊疑问句………………………………………………(P21) 17. …………………………………………(P ) 18. …………………………………………(P ) 19. …………………………………………(P ) 20. …………………………………………(P ) 21. …………………………………………(P ) 22. …………………………………………(P ) 23. …………………………………………(P ) 24. …………………………………………(P )
0 / 20
………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………………………………
25. …………………………………………(P ) 26. …………………………………………(P ) 27. …………………………………………(P ) 28. …………………………………………(P ) 29. …………………………………………(P ) 30. …………………………………………(P ) 31. …………………………………………(P ) 32. …………………………………………(P ) 33. …………………………………………(P ) 34. …………………………………………(P ) 35. …………………………………………(P )
音标
1. acake table make Jane plate snake name face place plane takegate
tape taste baby lady paper station favourite
ai tail rain rainy train wait
ay dayhaygray May may play say way away today birthday hurray
ey they grey survey
ea great break
ei eight
2. aan and at bad bag black can cat catch dad fat hand hat have has sad
jampiano lamp man map stamp stand thank that van angry
apple happy jacket panda rabbit salad taxi traffic animal
family Saturday piano
3. ehe me she be we these evening zebra Peter Eva Chinese Japanese
ee bee feel green knee meet need see seed sheep sleep street tree
sweep sweet three keep
ea beach bean clean eat leaf meat peach please read sea teaeasy season
teacher east
i
pizza
ie piece
eo people
4. e /e/ egg bed desk ten pen pencil red seven Ken dress get help left leg
let net next smell tell them then well west when wet yes clever
every jelly letter present question second tennis very welcome
1 / 20
………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………………………………
yellow together eleven twelve elephant
ea /e/ bread head weather breakfast heavy
ie /e/ friend
a /e/ any many(只有两个)
5. i like kite bicycle bike Mike nice nine I child climb drive driver
fine hiice ice-cream mice rice ride shine sign slide smile time
white wild write tiger behind beside library pineapple mine line
igh high light night right bright tonight
y by cry dry fly my sky try why
ietie piefries
uybuy
eye eye
6. i big pig pink Jim his him is it its playing with stick drink fish gift
give in list milk Miss pick ship sing sit spring swim swing thin
thing this wind biscuit chick chicken children dinner kitchen
listen little sister window winter picture rabbit animal morning
will six slim
y lovely slowly Danny party happy Dolly Tony Kitty very sunny
cloudy windy rainy snowy family library busy any manypretty
e puppet basket eleven peaches elephant supermarket toilet pretty
ubusy
eymonkeymoney
7. o old cold go photo rose hold close clothes fold home no nose rope
sothoseopen over hello October pianoFlo
ow blow bowl slow snow know grow show yellow window
rainbowcrow
oaboat coat road goat
ou shoulder
oe toe Joe
8. oor
poor
our tour
ure
sure
9. o dog box shop hot Bonnie cross fox long lot not nod on soft song
stop strong body coffee office doctor chocolate volleyball
October
2 / 20
………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………………………………
a want watch what wash au sausage because or orange sorry borrow tomorrow 10. u duck sun sunny cut cup Russ run up summer bus but jump much
lunch mum us butter butterfly hungry fun funny number rubber study Sunday ugly uncle under umbrella trunkus club o love lovely come some sometimes front son brother colour Monday monkey money mother above becomeother ou touch rough young cousin 11. arcar card arm art farm dark far hard March park star start garden
party scarf large sharp smart market supermarket yard Mark aask class dance fast glass grass past plant after afternoon father
basketball banana answer bath branch auaunt laugh alhalf earheart 12.y /j/ yes year yellow you your young yummy 13. oo /u:/ cool food moon room root school smooth spoon too tooth
zoo afternoon pool u /u:/ June ruler Judy rule ue /u:/ blue glue true Sue o /u:/ do who whose to ou /u:/ group soup you ui//u:/ fruit juice 14. u /ju:/ pupil tube music use useful super cute unit supermarket
computer usually tune student ew /ju:/ new news newspaper eau /ju:/ beautiful 15.alall ball call hall small talk tall walk wall always chalk fall
salt salty orfor horse or short corn sport before moretortoise awdrawseesaw strawberry auautumnAugust Laura
arwarm quarter award oordoor floor ourfour your yours
3 / 20
………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………………………………
a water
augh daughter
16. irbird girl shirt skirt first sir birthday circle dirty thirsty thirteen third
thirty
erher term
urnurse turn Thursday purse
orword world work worker
ear learn early
17.oobook cook foot good look football goodbye classroom
ufull pull push put sugar bull
o woman wolf
ouwouldshould could
18.aaboutaway woman pizza zebra cinema vegetable banana
echildren cinema camera garden
ochocolate computer potato second today together tonight welcome
i beautiful April terrible
uautumn difficult August minus
er after brother clever mother father sister December dinner finger
letter number October over river rubber ruler summer super
under water weather afternoon supermarket trousers computer
or doctor mirror scissors
ar sugar
ur Saturday
19. oucloud cloudy count house loud aloud mouse mouth outshout
round sound south trousers about ouch
owcow how now brown down town wow bowowl
20.earear hear near dearfear tear
eerdeer beer engineer
eaidea theatre
erehere
21. ere there where
earbear pear wear
eir their
airair chair hair pair
areshare square Clare
ae
aeroplane
4 / 20
………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………………………………
22.oy boy toy Joyce oi toilet noise point voice
23. ththin three thank thick thing mouth birthday tooththink third Thursday throw both north south monththirty thirsty
24. ththis that these those they them their there smooth brother father mother with clothes together weather the then
25. ch chair chick chicken child children China Chinese chocolate teach teacher beach lunch March much peach touch which branch
tch watch catch match kitchen 26. sh she sheep shine ship shoe short shoulder show shut brushshop
dish fishpush wash wish English rubbish ssure sugar 27. w /w/wait walk wall want warm water way we week Wednesday
well west wet wild will win wind window windy winter woman word work world would swim swing sweep sweet away always wh /w/what where white why which when 28. k / k /park basketball ask worker bike book cook dark lake like look make kitchen talk walk week work sky c / k /cake clean can car coat cold colour come computer cook cool copy corn count cow cup cut act difficult rectangle October scarf because become chocolate doctor picnic picture second ck / k /chick chicken jacket back clock rock duck knock pick sock sick quick ch / k /school Christmas * x / ks/box fox six taxi text next exercise 29. l /l /late leaf let letter light like listen little live look lot loud slide slow early ruler salad toilet ugly old film milk wild bowl cool feel girl pool tail ll /l /hello all ball tall doll full bell fall smell tell small wall well will 30. s / s/sad salad Saturday say sea see seed sell seven six sick sir sister sit smart smell smile smooth snake snow snowy so soap son sun soup Sunday sunny August beside desk ask east list first must past post taste bus mouse us
5 / 20
………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………………………………
ss /s/class classroom glass miss Miss grass guess dress cross lesson
c(i),c(e),c(y) /s/cinema circle city ice December face juice mice nice
officepiece place rice twice voicebicycle
31. f / f/face fall family fan farm fast fat feed feel film find fine first fold
food foot football for four fox full funny after afternoon
often before gift left soft half knife leaf scarf
ff /f/ off office coffee traffic
( 注:off of )
ph / f/photo photographphone telephone gh /f/ rough/ rʌf/ laugh/ lɑ:f/ 32. cl / kl /class clever cloud cloudy climb clock close clothes Clare
circle bicycle
33. pl /pl/place plane plant plate play plus apple people purple 34. gl /gl/glass glad glue Gladys glovestriangle rectangle 35.bl/bl/blue black blow table 36. fl /fl/ flower fly floor flag 37.sl /sl/ slow slowly slide
38. sk /sk/ desk mask askskate skateboard ski sky scarf sketchbook
Scarlet
39. sp /sp/ wasp crisps spin spinner spider spring sport speak
40. st /st/ toast post postman past last taste stop stand star stay stick
41.dr /dr/ drydress draw dream drive driver drum
42. pr /pr/ princess prince pretty price present
43. cr /kr/ cream ice-cream cry crayon crow
44. tr /tr/ tree try train true trousers truck traffic travel triangle street
45. h /h/he how hello hi horsehousehead hair hold wh /h/who whose
46.ts /ts/cats hats puts gets ratsrabbits kites sweets parents 47. s /s/ likes bikesthanksstamps maps cats hatsrabbits kitessweets
48.ds /dz/beds heads friends birds lizards seeds
49. s /z/
use music easy visit knivesseason close nose walls
shoesunclesbees frogs drivers chickens noodles beds
friends seedshens
50.n /n/ nine nice fine thennot nose tenhen
kn /n/ knife knee knockb
51. ng
singwingswinglong young thing morning song wrong
n(k) think thank bank ink blank pink trunk monkey
n(g) hungry English
52.s usually usual
s(ure)pleasure
s(ion)television vision
6 / 20
………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………………………………
53. j
job jump jeep jam Jim Jack juice juicy judge Japan Japanese
gorange age cage page giraffe sausage
dgebridge fridge judge
语法 1:
反义词
1. big 大的-----small 小的 2. tall 高的----short 矮的
3. long 长的---short 短的
4. fat 胖的----thin 瘦的
5. new 新的----old 旧的
6. young 年轻的---old 老的
7. yes 是---no 不是
8. on 在…上---under 在…下
9. hard 硬的—soft 软的
10. rough 粗糙的---smooth 光滑的
11. open 打开---close 关闭 12. sit 坐---stand 站
13. white 白的---black 黑的 14. this 这---that 那
15. fast 快的---slow 慢的
16. fast 快地---slowly 慢地
17. hot 热的---cold 冷的
18. cool 凉爽的---warm 温暖的
19. come 来--- go 去
20. in 在…里---out 在…外
21. come in 进来---go out 出去 22. good 好的---bad 坏的
23. clean 干净的---dirty 脏的 24. up 向上---down 向下
25. here 这里---there 那里
26. happy 开心的---sad 伤心的
27. wet 湿的---dry 干的
28. put on 穿上---take off 脱下
29. thin 细的,薄的---thick 粗的,厚的 30. beautiful/nice---ugly 丑的
31. these 这些---those 那些 32. sweet 甜的---bitter 苦的/sour/salty
33. after 在…之后---before 在…之前 34. hungry 饿的---full 饱的
35 full 满的---empty 空的
36. afraid 害怕的---brave 勇敢的
37. funny 有趣的---boring 无聊的 38. bright 明亮的---dark 黑暗的
39. light 轻的--heavy 重的 40. behind 在…后面--in front of 在…前面
41. turn on 打开--turn off 关闭 42. turn up 调高--turn down 调低
43. easy 容易的—difficult 难的 44. busy 忙的---free 空闲的
45. right 右边---left 左边
46. right 对的---wrong 错的
47. ask 问---answer 回答
48. sharp 尖的,锋利的---blunt 钝的
49. strong 强壮的---weak 虚弱的
50. many 许多---few 很少(+可数)
51. much 许多---little 很少(+不可数) 52. first 首先---last 最后
53. buy 买---sell 卖
54. north 北方---south 南方
55. west 西方---east 东方
56.
语法 2: 人称代词
主格
宾格
所有格
(形容词性物主代词)
名词性 物主代词
反身代词
7 / 20
………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………………………………
I
me
我
我
my 我的
mine 我的
myself 我自己
you
you
你,你们 你,你们
your 你的,你们的
yours 你的,你们的
yourself 你自己
he
him
他
他
his 他的
his 他的
himself 他自己
she
her
她
她
her 她的
hers 她的
herself 她自己
it
it
它
它
its 它的
its 它的
itself 它自己
we 我们
us 我们
our 我们的
ours 我们的
ourselves 我们自己
they 他们
them 他们
their 他们的
theirs 他们的
themselves 他们自己
用法:
1. 主格可用于句子的主语,也就是句子里说的是谁,通常在句子的开头。
2. 宾格用作句子的宾语,通常用在介词和行为动词的后面。
如:Look at me. Listen to him. (at, to 都是介词,后面用宾格)
Here’s a cake for you. (for 是介词)
I like playing with her. (with 是介词)
I like them. Let us sing together. (like, let 都是动词,后面也用宾格)
Can you see them? No, but I can hearthem. (see, hear 是动词)
Touch it. Smell them. (touch, smell 是动词)
3. 所有格也叫形容词性物主代词,用来形容某样东西是谁的,中文意思里都有
个“的”字,所以不能单独使用,后面一定要加上名词一样东西。
如: This is my dog. (my 后面加上了名词 dog)
Our teacher is happy today.
His face is round.
4. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词,它起名词的作用,在句子中为避
免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+
名词”的形式。
在使用名词性物主代词时,必须有特定的语言环境,也就是
要省略的名词大家已经知道,在前面已经提起过。
如:My bag is yellow. Her bag is red. His bag is blue and your bag is pink.
可以这样说:My bag is yellow. Hers is red. His is blue and yours is pink.
语法 3:
动名词
动名词也叫现在分词,就是在行为动词后面+ing 的形式,加了 ing 后它的
词性从动词变成了名词,表示一件事情,它可以用在 like 或 go 的后面,表示喜
8 / 20
………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………………………………
欢做某件事或去做某件事,也可以用在 be 动词后面构成现在进行时态,表示某 人正在做某事。
要记住双写动名词有这些:
hop ---hopping skip---skipping stop---stopping
shop---shopping clap---clapping
sit---sitting
cut---cutting get---getting put---putting
swim---swimming
run---running
spin---spinning begin---beginning(开始)
例:I like eating hamburgers. (= I like to eat hamburgers.)
Kitty likes playing with her cat. (= Kitty likes to play with her cat.)
You can go skating in winter.
The children go swimming in summer.
语法 4:
可数名词的复数变化形式
已学的可数名词单数变复数的形式可以归纳为 8 种情况:
1. 直接+ s 如: apple---apples boy---boys
2. 词尾字母是 s, x, sh, ch 的名词要+es
如:dress---dresses box---boxes fish---fishes peach---peaches
3. 词尾两个字母是辅音字母+y 的名词,要去 y 再+ies
如:baby---babies
butterfly---butterflies
library---libraries family---families
4. 词尾字母是 f 或 fe 的名词,要去掉 f 或 fe 再+ves
如:leaf (叶子) ---leaves wolf (狼) ---wolves knife(小刀) ---knives
5. 单词中的 oo 变为 ee,已学过的记住三个:
foot(脚) ---feet tooth(牙齿) ---teeth goose(鹅) ---geese
6. 把 a 改成 e: man---men snowman---snowmen postman---postmen
policeman---policemen
woman(女人) ---women
7. 特殊变化:mouse---mice child---children
8. 单复数同形 (单数和复数是一样的)
9 / 20
如:sheep---sheep deer(小鹿) ---deerpeople(人) ---people
Chinese(中国人) ---ChineseJapanese(日本人) ---Japanese
fish---fish(此时鱼是可数的)
语法5:星期和月份的词汇
week 星期day 天,日子year 年month 月date 日期
星期:Sunday 星期日Monday 星期一Tuesday 星期二
Wednesday 星期三Thursday 星期四Friday 星期五
Saturday 星期六
(记住:星期日是一个星期的第一天,而星期六是最后一天)
月份:January 一月February二月March 三月
April 四月May 五月June 六月
July 七月August 八月September九月
October 十月November十一月December十二月
语法6:基数词和序数词
基数词序数词基数词序数词one 1 first 第1 nineteen 19 nineteenth第19
two 2 second 第2 twenty 20 twentieth第20
three 3 third 第3 twenty-one 21 twenty-first第21 four 4 fourth 第4 twenty-two 22 twenty-second第22 five 5 fifth 第5 twenty-three 23 twenty-third第23 six 6 sixth 第6 twenty-four24 twenty-fourth第24 seven 7 seventh 第7 twenty-five25 twenty-fifth第25 eight 8 eighth 第8 twenty-six26 twenty-sixth第26 nine 9 ninth 第9 twenty-seven27 twenty-seventh第27 ten 10 tenth 第10 ……
eleven 11 eleventh 第11 thirty 30 thirtieth第30
twelve 12 twelfth 第12 forty 40 fortieth第40
thirteen 13 thirteenth第13 fifty 50 fiftieth第50
fourteen 14 fourteenth第14sixty 60 sixtieth第60
fifteen 15 fifteenth 第15seventy 70 seventieth第70
sixteen 16 sixteenth第16 eighty 80 eightieth第80
seventeen 17 seventeenth第17 ninety 90 ninetieth第90
eighteen 18 eighteenth第18 one hundred 100 one hundredth第100
语法7:基数词和序数词的用法
1.基数词用来表示数量,如:one flower, two trees, three boys ….
2.序数词用来表示顺序,中文意思为“第几”,通常前面要加the。
3.大多数序数词是由基数词+th构成,但我们要记住几个特殊的变化形式,其它
只要加th就可以了。
4.特殊变化的形式有:
first 第一second 第二third 第三fifth 第五
eighth 第八ninth 第九(nine去e加th)
twelfth 第十二(先把twelve的ve改成f再加th)
twentieth 第二十(先把twenty的y改成ie再加th,所有的整十数都是这样改) twenty-first 第二十一twenty-second 第二十二twenty-third 第二十三(21以上的两位数的序数词,十位上的数不变,只要个位上的数变成相应的序数词就可以了)
5.序数词常用于日期表达中,日期可以有两种表达方式:
①月份+the+序数词如:June the first(6/1), January the second(1/2)
②the+序数词+of+月份如:the first of June, the second of January
6.介词in和on在时间前都表示“在”,具体用法如下:
①在具体某一天用on,
如:在星期天on Sunday 在六月一日on June the first或on the first of June
②在几月份用in ,在什么年份也用in,
如:在一月in January 在二月in February 在1998年in 1998
7.提问星期几用What day is it? 今天是星期几?
提问日期(几月几号)用What’s the date? (date 日期)
语法8 to be 句型
含有be动词的句子我们称之为to be 句型,be动词有三个,am, is, are, 意思都表示“是”,用法记儿歌:我用am,你用are,is用于他、她、它,我们、你们和他们,表示复数都用are。
am I
是is 第三人称单数(除了我和你,其他一个人或一样东西,)are I , you 和复数
改写句子:
1.I am a student.
否定句:I am not a student.
一般疑问句:Are you a student? (提问时肯定句中的“我”要改成“你”)肯定回答:Yes, I am. 否定回答:No, I’m not. (问“你”回答用“我”)划线提问○1:Who is a student? (who也是三单,be动词要用is)
划线提问○2:What are you? (你是干什么的?=What do you do?)
2.The student is in the classroom.
否定句:The student isn’t in the classroom.
一疑句:Is the student in the classroom?
两答:Yes, he/ she is. No, he/ she isn’t.
划线提问:Where is the student?
3.We are tired.
否定句:We aren’t tired.
一疑句:Are you tired? (提问时要把“我们”变“你们”)
两答:Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. (问“你们”回答用“我们”)
划线提问:How are you? (或How do you feel?)
语法9:含有have/has的句型
have/has有多种含义,其中最常用的是表示“有”、“吃、喝”、“进行”等,根据不同的意思,改变句型时也会有不同的改法。
1.当句中的have/has表示“有”时,我们称之为to have句型,此时have/has 后面无论有没有got都可以把have/has看作是关键词,改写句子时只要在have/has 上做文章就可以了。
如:○1The students have a new teacher. 否:The students haven’t a new teacher.
一疑:Have the students a new teacher? 两答:Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.
划线提问:Who has a new teacher? (who是三单后面要用has)
○2My sister has got some books. 否:My sister hasn’t got any books.
一疑:Has your sister got any books? 两答:Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
划线提问:What has your sister got?
2.当句中的have/has表示一个动作“吃、喝”“进行”“举行”“上课”等意思时,它就是to do句型,此时have/has就是一个动词,不再是关键词,改写句子时就要借助于助动词do或does来进行改写。
如:○1We have a picnic in spring. 否:We don’t have a picnic in spring.
一疑:Do you have a picnic in spring? 两答:Yes, we do. No, we don’t.
划线提问:What do you do in spring?你们在春天干什么?(两个do的意思不一样) ○2Mary has some bread. 否:Mary doesn’t have any bread.(注:has变have) 一疑:Does Mary have any bread?两答:Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
划线提问:What does Mary have? Mary 吃了什么?(does出现has变原形have)
注意点:当have/has后面有got时只能表示“有”,也只能用第1种方式进行改写句子。
当have/has后面没有got但也表示“有”时,用第1、2两种方式都可以改写句子,而当have/has表示一个动作时,只能用第2种方式改写句子,大家要学会灵活运用。
窍门:观察句子中有没有got,有got的句子have、has只能解释为“有”它们
就是关键词,没有got就把句子当成to do句型用do或does来改。
语法10:can句型
1. can表示:能,会,可以,属于情态动词(can, may, must都是情态动词)。
2. 肯定句的句子结构:主语+can+行为动词原形
(主语是指这句话里主要讲谁或什么东西;行为动词是指一个动作)
如:I can draw a flower. ( I 是主语,draw是行为动词原形)
The boys can play football. (The boys是主语,play是动词原形)
3. 否定句:主语+can’t+ 行为动词原形(can’t =can not)
如:I can draw a flower. I can’t draw a flower.
4. 一般疑问句:Can + 主语+ 行为动词原形+ ?
(也就是把can提前到句子开头就可以了,最后别忘加上问号?)
回答有两种:肯定回答:Yes, 人称代词+ can.
否定回答:No, 人称代词+ can’t.
(要牢记:can来提问,can来回答。
)
如:The boys can play football.
Can the boys play football? Yes, they can. / No, they can’t.
5. 特殊疑问句:当划线部分是动词时,要注意在提问时要用do来代替划线
部分出现在问句中。
如:I can sing a song. What can you do?
The boys can draw a dog. What can the boys draw?
The boys can draw a dog. What can the boys do?
The boys can draw a dog. Who can draw a dog?
My sister can ride a bicycle on the road.
Where can your sister ride a bicycle?
语法11:there be 句型
there be 句型表示“在某处有某物”,跟to have 句型的“某人有某物”是有区别的,大家千万别把这两种句型的含义搞错。
**there be 的肯定句结构:There is/are +量词+名词+地点.
具体有两种情况:
1.there is 后面加可数名词单数或不可数名词。
如:There is an apple on the plate.
There is some bread and some apples on the table.
(and连接两样东西时,要用就近原则,也就是只要看and前面的东西,后
面有多少东西都不用管)
2.There are 后面加可数名词的复数形式。
如:There are three books on my desk.
There are ten chicks and a pig on the farm.
there be句型的改写句子:
否定句:在is或are后面加not,如遇some改成any
一疑句:把is或are提前,如遇some也要改成any
两答:Yes, there is/are. No, there is/are not. (必须用there来回答)
特殊疑问句只有两种:
1.划线部分只是量词时,用How much或How many提问
结构:How much+不可数名词+is there +地点?(表示:有多少量)
How many +可数(复)+are there +地点?(表示:有多少个) 如:There is some water in the bottle. (water不可数用How much提问) How much water is there in the bottle?(多少水)
There is an orange bag on the chair. (可数的用How many提问) How many orange bagsare there on the chair?(有多少个桔色的包)
(当提问可数名词的数量时,无论原句是单数还是复数,提问时都要改
成复数形式来提问,也就是How many后面一定要加可数名词的复数。
)
2.划线部分是量词和名词时,无论是可数还是不可数,单数还是复数,只用
一种结构提问:What’s +地点?在某地方有什么?
如:There is some water in the bottle. What’s in the bottle?
There is an orange bag on the chair. What’s on the chair?
There are ten lovely chicks under the tree. What’s under the tree?
当问句是What’s +地点?这个结构时,答句一定要用There be句型如:What’s in your hand? There is a pencil.
但如果问句是What’s this in your hand? It’s a pencil. 问句结构主要是What’s this? 不是What’s +地点?所以不能用There be 句型回答。
语法12:祈使句
1. 含义:祈使句是指命令、要求、请求、建议或劝告某人做某事的句子。
它的
主语其实是you,但通常是省略掉的,只用行为动词的原形来开头,有时会配上please表示客气、婉转的语气,please可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾,放在句尾时前面有逗号(,)。
如:
Stand up, please. = Please stand up.
Do your homework, please. = Please do your homework.
Be quiet, please. = Please be quiet. 请保持安静。
(quiet安静的)
(第三句中没有行为动词,只有形容词quiet,所以这样的句子只能在形容词前
配上be动词原形be,才能构成祈使句)
Be careful! 小心点!Be happy! 开心点!
2. 祈使句的否定句:只要在行为动词原形前面加上don’t就可以了。
如:Please stand up. Please don’t stand up.
Do your homework, please. 请做你的回家作业。
Don’t do your homework, please. 请不要做你的回家作业。
Be quiet, please. Don’t be quiet, please.
Please have an apple. Please don’t have an apple.
(此句中的have意思是“吃”)
注意点:please的位置不能随便搬,原句里它在哪儿改好的句子里也在哪儿。
语法13 :to do 句型
To do 句型中没有be动词,没有have/ has,也没有can,它用于叙述一般性的情
况和某人的习惯、爱好等,句子结构只是由主语和行为动词组成,不同的主语,
行为动词会发生变化。
1.当主语是第一、二人称以及复数人称时,句子结构:
肯定句:主语+行为动词原形+其它。
I walk to school.
否定句:主语+don’t+行为动词原形+其它。
I don’t walk to school.
一疑句:Do+主语+行为动词原形+其它?Do you walk to school?
两答:Yes, 人称代词+do. / No, 人称代词+don’t. Yes, I do. /No, I don’t.
2.当主语是第三人称单数时,句子结构:
肯定句:主语+行为动词的三单形式(+s或es)+其它。
He walks to school.
否定句:主语+doesn’t+行为动词原形+其它。
He doesn’t walk to school.
一疑句:Does+主语+行为动词原形+其它?Does he walk to school?
两答:Yes, 人称代词+does. / No, 人称代词+doesn’t.
Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.
(记住:do来提问do来回答,does来提问does来回答)
注:行为动词的三单形式就是在行为动词后面+s或es,要记住行为动词的三单形式只在主语是三单的肯定句中出现,其它句子中都不会出现的,要注意观察句子的主语是否是三单,另外句子类型是否是肯定句,才可以用行为动词的三单形式。
小窍门:只要在句中看到does,就要把动词的三单形式“打回”原形!
(我们曾经学过的like,want,need等句型都属于to do句型)
语法14 改写句子1-----否定句
1.先找句中是否有关键词:be动词am/is/are、have/has、或can,如果有,只
要在这些词后面加上not,句中有some改成any,其它部分照抄就可以了,除了am和not不能进行缩写,其它关键词都可以和not进行缩写。
( is not=isn’t, are not=aren’t, have not=have n’t, has not=hasn’t, can not=can’t)
2.如果句中没有这些关键词,就要判断它是否是to do句型,如果是to do句
型,就要用助动词don’t或doesn’t来改否定句,除了第三人称单数用doesn’t,其它主语都用don’t来否定,但一定要注意句中只要出现了doesn’t,后面的动词三单形式一定要“打回”原形!
3.如果句中没有关键词但也不是to do句型,而是祈使句,改否定句只要找
到句中的动词原形,在动词原形前面加上don’t,其它部分按照原来的顺序照抄就可以了,注意千万不要自作聪明改变原来句子的顺序!
如:I am a pupil. I am not a pupil.
They are in the park. They aren’t in the park.
The boy is sad. The boy isn’t sad.
We have got some bread. We haven’t got any bread.
That man has got many berries. That man hasn’t got many berries.
Danny and Peter can swim very fast. Danny and Peter can’t swim very fast.
There is some milk in the bottle. There isn’t any milk in the bottle.
There are ten apples on the plate. There aren’t ten apples on the plate.
The children have a picnic in spring. (注意:have后面没有got,且意思不是“有”)
The children don’t have a picnic in spring.
Our teacher makes a beautiful card for her son.
Our teacher doesn’t make a beautiful card for son.
Kitty has an apple in the morning. (此句中has后面也没有got,意思为“吃”) Kitty doesn’t have an apple in the morning.
Please do your homework, Ben. Please don’t do your homework, Ben.
Have some noodles, please. Don’t have any noodles, please.
语法15 改写句子2-----一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答
一、改一般疑问句的方法
1. 先找句中是否有关键词:be动词am/is/are、have/has、或can,如果有,只
要把这些词提前到句子开头,句中有some改成any,其它部分照抄就可以了,最后别忘加上问号。
2. 如果句中没有这些关键词,就要判断它是否是to do句型,如果是to do句
型就要用助动词do或does来改一般疑问句,除了第三人称单数用does 其它主语都用do,但一定要注意句中只要出现了does,后面的动词三单形式一定要“打回”原形!
二、肯定回答和否定回答
3. 一般疑问句的回答只有肯定回答和否定回答两种,
肯定回答的结构是:Yes, 人称代词+am/is/are/have/has/can/do/does.
否定回答的结构是:No, 人称代词+am/is/are/have/has/can/do/does+not.
人称代词用主格形式一共有7个:I, you, he, she, it, we, they
(除了am和not不能所写外,其它都可以和not进行缩写)
注意点:如果是there be句型一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答,则不能用人称代词来回答,只能用there来回答:
Yes, there is/are. No, there isn’t/aren’t.
一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答要遵循的原则是:
用什么来提问,就用什么来回答!
语法16 改写句子3----特殊疑问句
1. 特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一部分进行提问的句子。
2. 我们学过的特殊疑问词有:what 什么what colour 什么颜色
how怎样how old 几岁how many 多少个how much 多少钱
who谁whose谁的where 在哪里why 为什么
when 什么时候
3. 特殊疑问句的结构:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句+?
4. 改特殊疑问句的步骤:
(1) 根据划线部分先确定特殊疑问词,也就是用什么来提问。
(2) 写好特殊疑问词的同时要去掉划线部分(划线部分不能在问句中出现),但如果划线部分是行为动词原形,就要用do来代替划线部分,如果划线部分是动名词就要用doing来代替划线部分出现在问句中。
(3)把剩下部分改成一般疑问句写在特殊疑问词的后面。
(4) 最后别忘写上问号。
特殊情况:
○1当划线部分是主语时,要用who提问,我们要记住who是三单,注意后面动词的变化,be动词要用is,to have句型要用has,to do句型动词要加s 或es变成三单形式,但如果本来就是三单形式就不需要变化了。
如:I have a brother. Who has a brother?
These girls are happy today. Who is happy today?
My classmates go to school on foot. Who goes to school on foot?
Alice has lunch at school. Who has lunch at school?
○2当划线部分是量词,用how many 或how much提问时,要注意的是how many 或how much 后面一定要先写上名词,也就是多少什么东西,再把剩下部分改成一般疑问句写在名词的后面。
如:We have four big offices in our school.
How many big offices do you have in your school?
There’s much orange juice on the floor.
How much orange juice is there on the floor?
There’s an old man under the tree.
How many old men are there under the tree?。