中考英语科学常识语法完形填空题60题

中考英语科学常识语法完形填空题60题
1
In the world of science, there are many amazing discoveries. Science helps us understand the world around us. From the smallest particles to the largest galaxies, science is always exploring.
Scientists use different tools and methods to make their discoveries. They conduct experiments, observe phenomena, and draw conclusions. One of the most important aspects of science is communication. Scientists need to share their findings with others so that everyone can benefit from their work.
1. Science is a ___ field that constantly challenges our understanding.
A. boring
B. difficult
C. fascinating
D. useless
答案：C。

科学是一个迷人的领域，不断挑战我们的理解。

A 选项boring 表示无聊的；B 选项difficult 表示困难的；D 选项useless 表示无用的，都不符合科学的特点。

2. Scientists use ___ to make their discoveries.
A. magic
B. guesses
C. tools
D. luck
答案：C。

科学家使用工具来进行他们的发现。

A 选项magic 表示魔法；B 选项guesses 表示猜测；D 选项luck 表示运气，都不是科学家进行发现的主要方式。

3. Communication is an important ___ of science.
A. part
B. problem
C. game
D. hobby
答案：A。

交流是科学的一个重要部分。

B 选项problem 表示问题；C 选项game 表示游戏；D 选项hobby 表示爱好，都与交流在科学中的作用不符。

4. The smallest particles are studied by ___.
A. artists
B. musicians
C. scientists
D. athletes
答案：C。

最小的粒子是由科学家研究的。

A 选项artists 表示艺术家；B 选项musicians 表示音乐家；D 选项athletes 表示运动员，都与研究最小粒子无关。

5. Science helps us understand the ___ around us.
A. people
B. world
C. animals
D. plants
答案：B。

科学帮助我们理解我们周围的世界。

A 选项people 表示人；C 选项animals 表示动物；D 选项plants 表示植物，都只是世界的一部分，科学帮助我们理解的是整个世界。

6. Scientists conduct ___ to make discoveries.
A. parties
B. experiments
C. concerts
D. trips
答案：B。

科学家进行实验来进行发现。

A 选项parties 表示聚会；C 选项concerts 表示音乐会；D 选项trips 表示旅行，都与科学发现的方式不符。

7. Observing phenomena is a way for scientists to ___.
A. have fun
B. make money
C. draw conclusions
D. waste time
答案：C。

观察现象是科学家得出结论的一种方式。

A 选项have
fun 表示玩得开心；B 选项make money 表示赚钱；D 选项waste time 表示浪费时间，都与观察现象的目的不符。

8. A fascinating field that challenges our understanding is ___.
A. art
B. music
C. science
D. sports
答案：C。

一个迷人的、不断挑战我们理解的领域是科学。

A 选项art 表示艺术；B 选项music 表示音乐；D 选项sports 表示体育，都没有科学的这个特点。

9. The work of scientists is important because it helps ___.
A. only themselves
B. only their families
C. everyone
D. no one
答案：C。

科学家的工作很重要，因为它帮助每个人。

A 选项only themselves 表示只帮助他们自己；B 选项only their families 表示只帮助他们的家人；D 选项no one 表示没有人，都与科学家工作的意义不符。

10. Science is always exploring the ___ and the small.
A. big
B. beautiful
C. old
D. new
答案：A。

科学总是在探索大的和小的事物。

B 选项beautiful 表示美丽的；C 选项old 表示旧的；D 选项new 表示新的，都与科学探索的范围不符。

2
Scientists are always curious about the world around us. They do many experiments to find out the secrets of nature. One day, a group of scientists decided to do an experiment about plants. They put some seeds
in different conditions and watched them carefully.
11. The scientists ___ been waiting for the seeds to grow for a long time.
A. has
B. have
C. had
D. having
答案：B。

主语是The scientists 是复数，且这里是现在完成进行时，所以用have been waiting。

A 选项has 用于第三人称单数；C 选项had 是过去完成时；D 选项having 不能单独做谓语。

12. They ___ the seeds every day and recorded the changes.
A. water
B. waters
C. are watering
D. have watered
答案：A。

这里表示他们每天给种子浇水，是一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词用原形water。

B 选项waters 用于第三人称单数；
C 选项are watering 是现在进行时；
D 选项have watered 是现在完成时。

13. When they first put the seeds in the soil, they ___ very small.
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
答案：B。

这里是在描述过去的情况，种子刚被放进土里的时候很小，用一般过去时were。

A 选项are 是一般现在时；C 选项will be 是一般将来时；D 选项would be 是过去将来时。

14. As time passed, the seeds ___ to sprout.
A. begin
B. began
C. are beginning
D. have begun
答案：B。

随着时间的推移，种子开始发芽，这里是过去的动作，用一般过去时began。

A 选项begin 是一般现在时；C 选项are beginning 是现在进行时；D 选项have begun 是现在完成时。

15. The scientists ___ excited when they saw the first sprout.
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
答案：B。

科学家们看到第一颗芽的时候很兴奋，是过去的情况，用一般过去时were。

A 选项are 是一般现在时；C 选项will be 是一般将来时；D 选项would be 是过去将来时。

16. They ___ observing the plants closely since then.
A. have been
B. are being
C. were being
D. had been
答案：A。

从那以后他们一直在密切观察这些植物，用现在完成进行时have been observing。

B 选项are being 是现在进行时；C 选项were being 是过去进行时；D 选项had been 是过去完成进行时。

17. The plants ___ growing taller and taller every day.
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
答案：A。

这些植物每天都在长得越来越高，是现在的情况，用一般现在时are growing。

B 选项were 是一般过去时；C 选项will be 是一般将来时；D 选项would be 是过去将来时。

18. The scientists ___ sure that they will learn more from this experiment.
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
答案：A。

科学家们确信他们会从这个实验中学到更多，这里表
示现在的状态，用一般现在时are sure。

B 选项were 是一般过去时；
C 选项will be 是一般将来时；
D 选项would be 是过去将来时。

19. They ___ a lot of data about the plants so far.
A. collect
B. collected
C. are collecting
D. have collected
答案：D。

到目前为止他们已经收集了很多关于这些植物的数据，用现在完成时have collected。

A 选项collect 是一般现在时；B 选项collected 是一般过去时；C 选项are collecting 是现在进行时。

20. The experiment ___ them a better understanding of how plants grow.
A. gives
B. gave
C. will give
D. would give
答案：C。

这个实验将会给他们一个关于植物如何生长的更好的理解，是将来的情况，用一般将来时will give。

A 选项gives 是一般现在时；B 选项gave 是一般过去时；D 选项would give 是过去将来时。

3
Scientists are always looking for new ways to understand the world
around us. They use different tools and methods to study nature. For example, microscopes help them see tiny things that are too small for our eyes to see. Telescopes allow them to observe distant stars and planets.
In science, experiments are very important. They help scientists test their ideas and find answers to questions. Scientists also share their findings with others so that everyone can learn from their work.
___21___ science is not just about learning facts. It is also about asking questions and trying to understand how things work. Scientists are curious people who are always looking for new challenges.
21. A. But B. And C. So D. Or
答案：A。

解析：前文讲述了科学家用各种工具方法研究自然以及实验的重要性，后面说科学不只是学习事实，还有提问和理解事物如何运作，是转折关系，用but。

Scientists use models to understand complex systems. A model is a simplified representation of something. For example, a model of the solar system can help us understand how the planets move around the sun.
___22___ models are not perfect. They are only approximations of the real thing. Scientists need to test and refine their models to make them more accurate.
22. A. Because B. Although C. Since D. When
答案：B。

解析：后面说模型不完美，与前面提到模型的作用形成转折让步关系，用although。

Science is a collaborative effort. Scientists from different countries work together to solve problems. They share their knowledge and resources to make progress in understanding the world.
___23___ communication is essential in science. Scientists need to be able to share their ideas and results with others.
23. A. Good B. Bad C. Poor D. Rich
答案：A。

解析：前面说科学家合作解决问题，分享知识资源，所以良好的沟通在科学中很重要，用good。

Science has made many important discoveries over the years. These discoveries have changed our lives in many ways. For example, the discovery of electricity has made it possible for us to have lights, appliances, and other modern conveniences.
___24___ science is still evolving. There are many questions that remain unanswered. Scientists are constantly looking for new ways to solve these problems.
24. A. But B. And C. So D. Or
答案：A。

解析：前文说科学有很多重要发现改变生活，后面说科学仍在发展还有很多问题未解决，是转折关系，用but。

In conclusion, science is an exciting and important field. It helps us understand the world around us and make our lives better. We should all be interested in science and support scientific research.
___25___ can you think of some ways that science has affected your
life?
25. A. What B. How C. Why D. Where
答案：B。

解析：这句话是问你能想到科学以哪些方式影响了你的生活，用how 表示方式。

Scientists study the natural world to learn about its laws and processes. They use this knowledge to develop new technologies and improve our lives.
___26___ science is not always easy. It requires hard work, creativity, and perseverance.
26. A. But B. And C. So D. Or
答案：A。

解析：前面说科学的好处，后面说科学不总是容易的，是转折关系，用but。

Science also helps us understand the environment and how we can protect it. We need to take care of the planet for future generations.
___27___ can we do to protect the environment?
27. A. What B. How C. Why D. Where
答案：A。

解析：这句话是问我们能做什么来保护环境，用what。

Scientists are constantly looking for new sources of energy. We need to find clean and sustainable sources of energy to meet our growing needs.
___28___ are some examples of renewable energy sources?
28. A. What B. How C. Why D. Where
答案：A。

解析：这句话是问一些可再生能源的例子是什么，用
what。

Science can also help us understand human health and disease. Scientists are working to find cures for diseases and improve our quality of life.
___29___ important is scientific research in the field of medicine?
29. A. How B. What C. Why D. Where
答案：A。

解析：这句话是问医学领域的科学研究有多重要，用how。

In the future, science will continue to play an important role in our lives. We need to encourage young people to study science and become the next generation of scientists.
___30___ do you think science will take us in the future?
30. A.
4
In the world of science and inventions, there are many amazing things. The telephone is one of the most important inventions. It has changed the way people communicate. People can talk to each other easily even if they are far away. The computer is another great invention. It can do many things. It can help people work, study and play.
There are also many scientific experiments. Scientists do these experiments to learn more about the world. Some experiments are easy and some are difficult. But all of them are important.
31. The telephone is an important ___.
A. invent
B. invention
C. inventor
D. inventive
答案：B。

invent 是动词“发明”；invention 是名词“发明物”；inventor 是名词“发明家”；inventive 是形容词“有发明才能的”。

这里表示电话是一个重要的发明物，所以选B。

32. The computer can do ___ things.
A. much
B. many
C. a lot
D. a lots of
答案：B。

much 修饰不可数名词；many 修饰可数名词复数；a lot 后面不能直接跟名词；a lots of 表述错误。

这里things 是可数名词复数，所以选B。

33. Scientists do experiments to learn more about the ___.
A. world
B. earth
C. universe
D. space
答案：A。

world 表示“世界”；earth 表示“地球”；universe 表示
“宇宙”；space 表示“太空”。

科学家做实验是为了更多地了解世界，所以选A。

34. Some experiments are ___, and some are difficult.
A. easy
B. easier
C. easiest
D. the easiest
答案：A。

这里没有比较的意思，只是说一些实验容易，一些实验难，所以用原级easy。

35. The telephone has changed the way people ___.
A. communicate
B. communication
C. communicative
D. communicator
答案：A。

communicate 是动词“交流”；communication 是名词“交流”；communicative 是形容词“爱说话的”；communicator 是名词“交流者”。

这里表示电话改变了人们交流的方式，所以选A。

36. The computer is a great ___.
A. invent
B. invention
C. inventor
D. inventive
答案：B。

同31 题解析。

37. There are many scientific ___.
A. experiment
B. experiments
C. experimental
D. experimentally
答案：B。

experiment 是可数名词“实验”；experiments 是其复数形式；experimental 是形容词“实验的”；experimentally 是副词“实验地”。

这里表示有很多科学实验，所以选B。

38. Some experiments are easy and some are ___.
A. hard
B. harder
C. hardest
D. the hardest
答案：A。

同34 题解析。

39. The telephone is one of the most important ___.
A. invent
B. invention
C. inventor
D. inventions
答案：D。

one of 后面跟可数名词复数，表示“……之一”。

所以选inventions。

40. The computer can help people work, study and ___.
A. play
B. plays
C. playing
D. played
答案：A。

help sb do sth 是固定用法，所以选play。

5
Scientists are always looking for new ways to understand the world around us. They use different tools and methods to make discoveries. In the future, we ___41___ be able to travel to other planets. It's an exciting possibility.
Scientists also study the human body. They try to find cures for diseases. We ___42___ hope that one day there will be no more serious illnesses.
When we look at the stars at night, we wonder what else is out there. We ___43___ imagine all kinds of strange creatures and worlds.
Scientists work hard to answer our questions. They ___44___ use powerful telescopes to observe distant galaxies.
In the laboratory, they ___45___ conduct experiments to test their theories.
We should support scientific research because it ___46___ help us solve many problems.
As students, we ___47___ be interested in science and learn as much as we can.
The study of science is important because it ___48___ improve our lives in many ways.
We ___49___ encourage more people to become scientists and make new discoveries.
And we ___50___ always be curious about the world around us.
41.A.may B.must C.can D.should
答案：A。

表示未来有可能能够去其他星球旅行，“may”表示可能性，比较符合语境。

“must”表示必须，语气太强硬；“can”表示能力，此处不是强调能力；“should”表示应该，不太符合此处对未来可能性的推测。

42.A.can B.must C.should D.may
答案：D。

希望有一天没有严重的疾病，这是一种比较不确定的愿望，“may”表示可能性，符合语境。

“can”表示能力；“must”表示必须，语气强硬；“should”表示应该，都不太符合此处的语境。

43.A.can B.must C.should D.may
答案：A。

我们能够想象各种奇怪的生物和世界，“can”表示能力，符合语境。

“must”表示必须，太强硬；“should”表示应该；“may”表示可能性，此处强调的是我们有想象的能力。

44.A.can B.must C.should D.may
答案：A。

科学家能够使用强大的望远镜观察遥远的星系，“can”
表示能力，符合语境。

“must”表示必须，太强硬；“should”表示应该；“may”表示可能性，不太符合此处强调能力的语境。

45.A.can B.must C.should D.may
答案：A。

在实验室里能够进行实验，“can”表示能力，符合语境。

“must”表示必须，太强硬；“should”表示应该；“may”表示可能性，此处强调的是有进行实验的能力。

46.A.can B.must C.should D.may
答案：A。

科学研究能够帮助我们解决很多问题，“can”表示能力，符合语境。

“must”表示必须，太强硬；“should”表示应该；“may”表示可能性，不太符合此处强调能力的语境。

47.A.can B.must C.should D.may
答案：C。

作为学生应该对科学感兴趣，“should”表示应该，符合语境。

“can”表示能力；“must”表示必须，太强硬；“may”表示可能性，都不太符合此处的语境。

48.A.can B.must C.should D.may
答案：A。

科学能够在很多方面改善我们的生活，“can”表示能力，符合语境。

“must”表示必须，太强硬；“should”表示应该；“may”表示可能性，不太符合此处强调能力的语境。

49.A.can B.must C.should D.may
答案：C。

我们应该鼓励更多的人成为科学家，“should”表示应该，符合语境。

“can”表示能力；“must”表示必须，太强硬；“may”表示可能性，都不太符合此处的语境。

50.A.can B.must C.should D.may
答案：C。

我们应该一直对我们周围的世界保持好奇，“should”表示应该，符合语境。

“can”表示能力；“must”表示必须，太强硬；“may”表示可能性，都不太符合此处的语境。

6
Scientists have always been curious about the world around us. They study various phenomena and try to understand how things work. For example, they explore the mysteries of the universe, the behavior of animals, and the properties of matter.
Scientists use different methods to conduct their research. They make observations, conduct experiments, and analyze data. Through these processes, they are able to draw conclusions and make discoveries.
One of the most important tools for scientists is mathematics. It helps them to describe and predict natural phenomena. Scientists also use language to communicate their findings. English is widely used in the scientific community as a common language for sharing ideas and research results.
Now let's answer some questions about this passage.
51. Scientists are curious about ______ world around us.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
答案：C。

解析：世界只有一个，用定冠词the 来修饰“world around us”，表示特指我们周围的这个世界。

定语从句中，先行词被特定的修
饰语修饰时，要用定冠词the。

52. They study various phenomena and try to understand ______ things work.
A. how
B. what
C. when
D. where
答案：A。

解析：宾语从句中缺少方式状语，用how 引导，表示“事物是如何运作的”。

宾语从句中，根据句子的意思和所缺成分来选择合适的引导词。

53. Scientists use different methods to conduct their research. They make observations, conduct experiments, and analyze data. Through these processes, they are able to draw conclusions and make discoveries ______ are important for our understanding of the world.
A. that
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
答案：A。

解析：先行词是“discoveries”，指物，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词that 引导。

定语从句中，关系代词的选择要根据先行词的性质和在从句中的作用来确定。

54. One of the most important tools for scientists is mathematics. It helps them to describe and predict natural phenomena ______ they observe.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whom
答案：A/B。

解析：先行词是“natural phenomena”，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词可以用that 或which。

定语从句中，当先行词在从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。

55. Scientists also use language to communicate their findings.
English is widely used in the scientific community as a common language for sharing ideas and research results ______ can be understood by people all over the world.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whom
答案：A/B。

解析：先行词是“research results”，指物，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词可以用that 或which。

定语从句中，关系代词的选择要根据先行词的性质和在从句中的作用来确定。

56. They explore the mysteries of the universe, the behavior of animals, and the properties of matter ______ are all fascinating topics.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whom
答案：A/B。

解析：先行词是“the mysteries of the universe, the behavior of animals, and the properties of matter”，指物，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词可以用that 或which。

定语从句中，当先行词是多个事物时，关系代词用that 或which。

57. Through these processes, they are able to draw conclusions and make discoveries ______ contribute to the progress of science.
A. that
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
答案：A。

解析：先行词是“discoveries”，指物，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词that 引导。

定语从句中，关系代词的选择要根据先行词的性质和在从句中的作用来确定。

58. English is widely used in the scientific community as a common language for sharing ideas and research results ______ have a great impact
on our lives.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whom
答案：A/B。

解析：先行词是“research results”，指物，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词可以用that 或which。

定语从句中，关系代词的选择要根据先行词的性质和在从句中的作用来确定。

59. Scientists make observations, conduct experiments, and analyze data ______ help them understand natural phenomena.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whom。