新沪教版英语初二下册Units 1-4知识讲解

沪教版初中英语二年级上册
精编试题及知识点汇总
学生姓名：班级：学号：
Review of Units 1-4
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. sick
sick是形容词，意为“病的；恶心的；厌倦的”。

例如：
Her mother was sick.她妈妈病了。

【拓展】sick和ill的辨析：
sick和ill都意为“生病的”，但用法不同：
ill作“生病的”讲时，只能作表语；sick意为“生病的，恶心的”时，既可作定语，又可作表语。

例如：
The boy doesn’t like to eat anything. He may be ill. 这个男孩不愿意吃东西，他可能病了。

Lucy’s mother is sick/ill in hospital. Lucy的妈妈生病住院了。

She’ll visit her sick mother after school. 放学后她要去看望生病的妈妈。

2. decide
decide是动词，意为“决定”，其常见结构有：
(1) decide (not) to do sth. 决定（不）做某事例如：
They decide (not) to tell Tom about it. 他们决定（不）把此事告诉Tom。

(2) decide on (doing) sth. 决定（做）某事例如：
They decide on flying kites. 他们决定放风筝。

(3) decide + that从句例如：
She has decided that she will be a doctor in the future. 她已决定将来当一名医生。

【拓展】decide的名词形式为decision；make a decision意为“作决定”。

例如：
He has made a decision to become a sailor. 他已决定当一名水手。

3. during the school holidays
during是介词，意为“在……期间”。

例如：
I went to see my uncle during my stay in Beijing. 我在北京逗留期间去北京看我叔叔了。

【辨析】
(1) during指“在……时间内，在……的期间”，一般有明确的时间长度和起止时间。

谓语动词常为持续性的动作或状态，时间段前常有限定词（the; 物主代词等），表特指。

例如：
He asked many questions during the three meetings. 在这三次会议期间，他问了许多问题。

(2) in意为“在……时间内”，一般情况下可以和during互换，用in时往往强调某一动作发生在某一时间段中的某一时间点；during既可用在“在整个时间段期间”，也可用在“某时间段内的某个时间点”。

例如：
Mike put his hand up three times during/in the class. 在这节课内，Mike举了三次手。

(3) for意为“（时间）长达……”，强调时间由始至终，动作也贯穿这段时间的始终，可以和完成时连用。

强调持续时间的长短，回答how long的问题；而during则是指动作所发生的时间，回答when的问题。

例如：
He stayed in Beijing for two years. 他在北京住了两年。

He swims every day during the summer. 夏天他每天去游泳。

4. advice
advice是不可数名词，意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”，不能与不定冠词a 连用。

例如：
a piece of advice一条建议
Let me give you some advice. 让我给你一些建议。

【拓展】
(1) give advice (on) 给……提（有关……）的建议。

例如：
Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well?
你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗？
(2) take one’s advice 听从某人的建议例如：
I’ll take your advice, and do exercise every day. 我会听从你的建议，每天锻炼身体。

(3) advise是advice的动词形式，意为“建议”，常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。

例如：
He advised me to read English every morning. 他建议我每天早晨读英语。

5. surprised/surprising
(1)surprised 是形容词，意为“吃惊的，感到惊讶的”，句子的主语通常是人。

例如：
I’m surprised at the accident.
我对这起事故感到很吃惊。

How surprised the students are!
学生们是多么吃惊啊！
(2) surprising也是形容词，意为“吃惊的，令人惊讶的”，常修饰物。

例如：
He told me something surprising.
他告诉我一些令人吃惊的事情。

【拓展】
英语中，带-ing的形容词，用来形容事物，指某事物的性质、特征，意为“令人……的”“让人……
的”，常用事物作主语或作定语修饰物。

而带-ed的是用来形容人的，意为“感到……的”“使人……的”，其主语是人，类似的词有：
boring 令人厌烦的interesting 令人感兴趣的moving 令人感动的
bored（人）感到厌烦的interested（人）感兴趣的moved（人）感动的
tiring 令人厌倦的surprising令人惊讶的
tired（人）感到疲倦/累/厌烦的surprised（人）感到惊讶的
6. imagine
imagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、动名词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。

例如：
We can’t imagine what China will be like in the future. 我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。

I can’t imagine leaving all my friends. 我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。

No one can imagine what would happen next. 没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。

【拓展】
后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：
完成，实践，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；
考虑，建议，不禁，想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）；
错过，习惯，（别）放弃（miss, be used to, give up）；
继续，喜欢，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。

7. too much
too much作形容词，意为“许多，大量”，后接不可数名词，也可作代词短语。

例如：
I had too much. I’m full now. 我吃的太多了，现在饱了。

例如：
Don’t eat too much sweet. It’s bad for your teeth. 不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不好。

There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read.
房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。

It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat.
外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套。

8. later
later作副词，意为“后来，以后”。

例如：
I hope we catch up later. 我希望我们后来赶上。

【辨析】in; after和later
He will get there in three days. 他将在三天后到那里。

He started on Monday and arrived in Beijing after three days. 他星期一出发，三天后到达北京。

I’ll be free after Friday. 我星期五之后有空。

Ten years later, the old man died. 十年后，那位老人去世了。

词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。

1. in need __________________
2. 决定做某事__________________
3. have difficulty (in) doing sth. __________________
4. 发生__________________
5. remind sb. of sth. __________________
6. too much__________________
7. no more __________________
8. up and down __________________
9. 把……添加到……__________________ 10. laugh at__________________
II. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。

1. I think _________(友谊) is very important in our life.
2. I want to do something for the old people in the _________(社区).
3. Yesterday I saw a s_________ car accident.
4. What body l_________ is the boy is showing to us?
5. These old pictures can always r_________ me of my happy childhood.
6. Can you d_________ what your mother looks like?
7. My grandfather often takes exercise, so he is very f_________.
8. Sound effect, like the noise of the underground, must also be added s_________.
9. There wasn’t anyone else on this lonely _________(岛).
10. Look at those clouds! Maybe there is going to be a big _________(暴风雨).
III. 根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. In order _________ (arrive) at the airport on time, she got up early.
2. Tom has some difficulty _________(learn) Chinese.
3. I can’t imagine _________(leave) all my family.
4. You’d better practice _________(play) the piano every day.
5. Lucy does her homework as _________(care) as Lily.
6. It’s a good idea to learn English by _________(listen) to English songs.
7. Let’s pack up and get ready _________(start) at once.
8. I believe he will become a famous _________(act).
9. He has learned English for 5 years and he _________(real) love it.
10. The building was _________ (build) in 2000.
IV.听力链接。

（2015年上海市中考）
Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容。

每空格限填一词）。

21．Maria and Lucy used to __________ __________ together, shopping and meeting friends.
22．It takes Lucy all her time to send messages and she doesn’t __________ __________.
23．Lucy checks for messages __________ __________, so she’s got problems at school.
24．By __________ __________ in the morning, Victor had already drunk three cans of cola.
25．When Damon tried to talk to his brother, the brother was __________ __________ him.
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。

1. 需要帮助的
2. decide to do sth.
3. 做某事有困难
4. take place
5. 提醒某人某事
6. 太多
7. 不再
8. 起伏；上下波动
9. add…to…10. 嘲笑
II. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。

1. friendship
2. community
3. serious
4. language
5. remind
6. describe
7. fit
8. separately
9. island 10. storm
III. 根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. to arrive
2. learning
3. leaving
4. playing
5. carefully
6. listening
7. to start
8. actor
9. really 10. built
IV.听力链接。

21．have fun 22．work hard 23．in class 24．11 o’clock 25．angry with
听力材料:
听短文，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词。

Do you have a problem? Are you worried about a friend? Call us for help.
Hello, my name is Maria．I’m having some problems with my best friend, Lucy．She’s completely changed since her birthday．Her mum gave her a mobile phone．We used to have fun together, shopping and meeting friends．Now she spends all her time sending messages on her phone, and she doesn’t work hard．S he hasn’t been out with us for weeks, and she is not interested in doing anything．And she’s had problems in school, because she checks for messages in class．What should I do?
Hi, I’m Damon．I’m worried about my brother, Victor．He eats a lot of junk food．He’s already eaten three hamburgers and two packs of French fries today．And it’s only 11 o’clock in the morning, and he has drunk three cans of Cola．Last night, he told our mum he wasn’t hungry, but he went to the shop and bought chocolate．He always loses his temper easily．I tried to talk to him about it, but he got angry with me．In fact, he hasn’t spoken to me at all this week．My parents haven’t noticed yet．Should I say something to them?
句式精讲
1. She needs friendship.
need作动词，意为“需要、必须”，既可作实义动词又可作情态动词。

(1) need 当做实义动词时, 可表示为need to do或need sth，后面的不定式必须加to。

例如：
You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照顾你妈妈。

We need a lot of money now. 我们需要很多钱。

(2) need 当作情态动词时，只能用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。

可表示为need do sth.
否定形式为need not do sth. 例如：
He need not go there by car. 他没必要开车去那里。

2. They have difficulty walking or moving.
difficulty是不可数名词，意为“困难、费劲”。

have difficulty (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，doing 前的in 可省略。

例如：
I had some difficulty (in) working out the maths problems. 我算出那些数学题有困难。

He has difficulty (in) solving the problem. 他解决这个问题有困难。

【拓展】此类动名词前省略介词in的常用结构有：
have a difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有麻烦
have a problem (in) doing sth. 做某事有问题
have a good time (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心
have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心
spend some time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事
3. A person with courage is usually not afraid of something dangerous or difficult.
be afraid of …意为“害怕……”。

of是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

例如：
She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。

I’m afraid of the dog. 我怕狗。

【拓展】
(1) be afraid还可接不定式结构，即be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事”。

例如：
He is afraid to go out at night. 他害怕晚上外出。

(2) be afraid还可接that从句，表示“担心/害怕……”。

He was afraid that he would lose. 他担心会输。

(3) I’m afraid…意为“恐怕……”，后接句子，常用于表示令人不快或难以实现的事。

例如：
I’m afraid it’s going to rain. 恐怕要下雨了。

I’m afraid it’s not a good idea. 恐怕那不是一个好主意。

I’m afraid we can’t go to your birthday party. 恐怕我们不能去参加你的生日聚会。

4. He used to love sport until he hurt his legs in an accident.
(1) until既可作介词又可作连词。

作介词时，后接表示时间的名词或数词；作连词时，后接表示时间的状语从句。

例如：
He waited until 12:00. 他一直等到12点钟。

He didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到他爸爸回来，他才上床睡觉。

(2) until既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句，但二者所表达的时间界限不同。

用于肯定句，表示动作一直持续到until后的时刻；用于否定句，构成….not…until的固定搭配，意为“直到……才……”表示动作从until后的时刻开始。

例如：
I did my homework until my mother came back from work. 我一直做作业直到妈妈下班回家。

I didn’t do my homework until my mother came back from work.
直到妈妈下班回家，我才做作业。

(3) until引导的时间状语从句，表将来的动作时，只能用一般现在时代替，即“主将从现”。

例如：
I will wait for him until he comes back. 我将一直等到他回来。

5. Her body language is making people feel welcome, so they go to her for help.
make sb. do sth. 意为“使某人做某事”，此句式是省略to的不定式。

例如：
Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts. 我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。

Don’t make the baby cry anymore. 不要再让婴儿哭了。

【拓展】
(1) make + sb.+形容词，make是谓语动词，sb.是make的宾语，后面的形容词在此作宾语补足语。

例如：Rainy days make me sad. 雨天让我很悲伤。

What he said made the teacher angry. 他说的话让老师很生气。

(2) make + sb. + 过去分词，此处的过去分词相当于形容词作宾补。

例如：
Waiting for him in the rain made me annoyed. 在雨中等他让我很烦。

(3) be made to + 动词原形，此处是make的被动语态，要还原动词不定式的to，即be made to do sth. 意
为“被使做某事”。

例如：
The boss made him work for 15 hours a day.
→He was made to work for 15 hours a day by the boss.
老板让他一天工作15个小时。

He was made to wait for over an hour. 他被迫等了一个多小时。

句式精练
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。

1. 在暑假期间，她想去做义工，因此她将主动提出去医院帮忙。

She wanted to do _________ _________ during the summer holidays, so she’ll _________ _________
_________ at a hospital.
2. 她放学后得照顾她生病的妈妈。

She has to look after her _________ mother after school.
3. 他们决定这周末去钓鱼。

They decide _________ _________ _________ this weekend.
4. 他建议我每天看英语电影。

He advised me _________ _________ the English films every day.
5. 上周我们学校举行了一场运动会。

A sports meeting _________ _________ in our school last week.
6. 你的话提醒了我去看望生病住院的Mike。

What you said _________ me _________ _________ Mike in hospital.
7. 我们应该阻止人们污染这条河。

We should _________ people _________ polluting the river.
8. 我们应该使我们的学校保持整洁。

We should _________ our school clean and tidy.
9. 这道数学题必须和图片相匹配。

This math problem _________ _________ the picture.
10. 到现在为止已经种了两百多棵树了。

So far two hundred trees _________ _________ _________.
II. 句型转换，每空一词。

1. We have to wear sports shoes in PE classes. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ we _________ to wear sports shoes in PE classes?
2. The red light changes every two minutes. (对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ does the red light change?
3. What do you think of the color TV set? (改为同义句)
_________ do you _________ the color TV set?
4. It took him quite a long time to get the work done. (改为同义句)
He _________ quite a long time _________ the work.
5. Sometimes he keeps working and doesn’t have any rest. (改为同义句)
Sometimes he keeps working _________ _________.
III. 补全对话。

（2015年四川省宜宾市中考）。

A: Sorry I’m late, Alice.
B: It’s all right, Rose. 1
A: To the Lost & Found – I lost my mobile phone.
B: 2 What happened?
A: After I had dinner with a friend, I went out for a walk. I was about ready to call my mother when I realized I couldn’t find it anywhere.
B: 3 I hope that someone will pick it up and call you.
A: 4 Who know…well…when is the movie going to begin?
B: At 7:00 pm. That’s 15 minutes from n o w. We don’t have enough time to get there.
A: 5
B: OK. Let’s go.
参考答案
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。

1. voluntary work; offer to help
2. sick
3. to go fishing
4. to see
5. took place
6. reminds; to see
7. stop; from
8. keep
9. must match 10. have been planted II. 句型转换，每空一词。

1. Do; have
2. How often
3. How; like
4. spent; on
5. without rest
III. 补全对话。

1. C
2. E
3. B
4. G
5. F。