2021-2022学年中职英语语文版基础模块下册Unit 1 Greetings被动语态教案

Unit 1 Grammar
被动语态教案
一、定义
主动语态----主语是动作的执行者；
被动语态----主语是动作的承受者。

Many people speak Chinese. （主动）
很多人讲中文。

Chinese is spoken by many people. （被动）
中文被很多人说。

二、主动语态变被动语态
回诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动。

①主动语态中的宾语变成被动语态的主语(宾格变主格)
②谓语变为被动结构(be+过去分词)
③主动语态的主语变为被动语态的宾语（主格变宾格），并由by引导，有时可省略。

④其它成分不变
例如He writes a letter every week.
主谓宾状
A letter is written by him every week.
宾变主谓语变被动主变宾其它不变
三、不同时态的被动语态结构
①一般现在时:an/is/are done
The flowers are watered every day.
花儿每天被浇。

②一般过去时:were/was done
The mobile phone was invented in1973.
移动电话被发明于1973年.
③一般将来时:will/shall be done
The book will be posted tomorrow.
这本书明天会被寄出。

④现在进行时:am/is/are being done
A new railway is being built at present.
一条新的铁路现在正在被建设.
⑤过去进行时:was/were being done Another bridge was being built then.
另一座桥那时正在被建。

⑤现在完成时:have/has been done
His bike has been stolen recently.
他的自行车最近被偷了。

⑥过去完成时:had been done
A new building had been built before 2000. 2000年前，一栋新楼被建造了。

⑦过去将来时:would be done
He said his work would be done the next day.
他说他的工作将在第二天被完成。

⑧情态动词的被动语态，情态动词+be done
The work should be finished today.
工作应该今天被完成。

四、被动语态的使用范围
①不知道动作的执行者
The boy was punished for lying.
那个男孩因说谎受到惩罚。

②强调动作的承受者
That thief was caught.
那个小偷被抓住了。

③没有必要指出动作的执行者
Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake.
许多房屋在地震中倒塌了。

④表示策略、礼貌
You are requested to get here on time.
请您准时到这里来。

五、特殊形式的被动语态
①带双宾语的动词
双宾语是指直接宾语间接宾语。

“直物间人”直接宾语指
物；间接宾语指人。

带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中一个作主语。

如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前要加相应的介词to/for .
Mike passed me a book
→ I was passed a book by Mike.
→ A book was passed to me by Mike.
迈克递给我一本书。

②感官动词和使役动词
感官动词(look. see. hear. sound. watch. feel. smell. taste)
使役动词（let. make. have）
在主动句中不带to，变为被动语态时需加上to .
They often hear the girl sing in her room.
→The girl is often heard to sing in her room.
他们经常听到那个女孩在她房里唱歌。

③短语动词
将含有短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态时，原短语动词中的介词或副词不能丢。

They have sent for a doctor.
→A doctor has been sent for by them.
他们去请了一位医生。

④动词+宾语十宾语补足语
当"动词+宾语+宾语补足语"结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

I asked her to go with me.
→She was asked to go with me.
我叫她跟我一起去。

They made the park dirty.
→The park was made dirty by them.
他们把公园弄得很脏。