2021届湖南长沙市一中新高考原创预测试卷(八)英语

2021届湖南长沙市一中新高考原创预测试卷（八）
英语
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项：
1、考试范围：高考范围。

2、答题前，请先将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写在试题卷和答题卡上的相应位置，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

3、选择题的作答：每个小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非选择题答题区域的答案一律无效。

4、主观题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域的答案一律无效。

如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

5、选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用2B铅笔涂黑。

答案用0.5毫米黑色签字笔写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非选修题答题区域的答案一律无效。

6、保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损，不得使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带等。

7、考试结束后，请将本试题卷、答题卡、草稿纸一并依序排列上交。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?
A. £ 19. 15.
B. £ 9. 18.
C. £ 9. 15.
答案是C.
1. What do we know about John?
A. He won't wait for the woman.
B. He won't come home today.
C. He won't be on time for dinner.
2. What does the boy still need to do?
A. Hang up his clothes.
B. Put away his toys.
C. Sweep the floor.
3. Why is the woman upset?
A. She lost her homework.
B. The man deleted her essay.
C. She forgot to send some emails.
4. How much did the woman save?
A. $9.
B. $44.
C. $53.
5. What did the woman study in college?
A. Business.
B. Art.
C. Spanish.
第二节（共15小题;每小题L 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What color of flower are the speakers talking about?
A. Red.
B. Pink.
C. Purple.
7. When should the man put the flower in the garden?
A. In August.
B. In September.
C. In October.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8. What happened to the woman?
A. She felt sad.
B. She had no friend.
C. She quarreled with the man.
9. What is the man trying to do?
A. Help to make up.
B. Apologize to the woman.
C. Make friends with the woman.
10. How does the woman feel at last?
A. She still hates Lucy.
B. She agrees to apologize to Lucy right away.
C. She is satisfied with the man's suggestion.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. What should the woman hand in next Monday?
A. A summary.
B. A passage.
C. A film review.
12. How many words do the woman need to write for the assignment?
A. About 100.
B. About 120.
C. About 150.
13. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Remember the new words.
B. Recite the text to the class.
C. Copy the idioms three times.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14. What does the woman want to prepare for her mother?
A. A clean house.
B. Some nice food.
C. A comfortable chair.
15. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Feed the mouse with peanuts.
B. Prepare a trap with glue on it.
C. Go to a field to find a mouse.
16. What kind of mouse does the woman think is in her house?
A. A fat mouse.
B. A small mouse.
C. A friendly mouse.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17. How tall is the Burj Khalifa?
A. 828 meters tall.
B. 304 meters tall.
C. 162 meters tall.
18. When was the Burj Khalifa officially opened?
A. In 2004.
B. In 2009.
C. In 2010.
19. Who designed the Burj Khalifa?
A.Bill Baker.
B. Adrian Smith.
C. Armani.
20. What will the speaker do next?
A. Take a break.
B Go to another scenic spot.
C. Visit the inside of the Burj Khalifa.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
What should you read this weekend? USA TODAY's picks for book lovers include Stephen King's new novel, "Elevation." and a cute picture book about Guy the beagle, Duchess Meghan's rescue dog.
Elevation by Stephen King; Scribner；160 pp.; fiction； $ 8
King's new novel is a change of pace in a few ways. It's a quick, satisfying read, as opposed to his more impressive (though still satisfying) recent works like Sleeping Beauties and The Outsider. And there's still a strange, unnatural situation (it is Stephen King, after all) but with a potential flow of humanity and tolerance in the face of modern social conflicts at the core of resident Scott Carey's strange tale.
His Royal Dogness , Guy the Beagle by Camille March, Michael Brumm and Simon Schuster； fiction, for all ages； $ 6
Meghan Markle's rescue dog gets the royal treatment in this picture book as he crosses the pond and makes friends with the queen.
The Reckoning by John Grisham; Doubleday, 417 pp.; fiction; $ 12 (This is the best price ever on the best-selling book on USA TODAY.)
This mystery begins when a World War II hero, an outstanding citizen in the small town of Clanton, Mississippi, walks into his church in 1946 and coldly pumps three bullets into the popular Methodist minister, a family friend
My Squirrel Days by Ellie Kemper； Scribner, 240 pp. ； nonfiction； $ 10
The star of "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt" writes an unusual memoir (回忆录)that uses her naive, wide-eyed and lively image to comedic advantage.
1. What can we learn from the book Elevation?
A. It is one of the series The Outsider.
B. It focuses on some common situations.
C. It deals with natural mysteries.
D. It is in a faster pace compared with Sleeping Beauties.
2. Which book is different from the other books in the type?
A. My Squirrel Days.
B. The Reckoning.
C. Elevation.
D. His Royal Dogness, Guy the Beagle.
3. How much should you pay at most for two different books?
A. $30.
B. $25.
C. $22.
D. $20.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。

文章给读者推荐了四本美国目前受欢迎的书。

【1题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第二部分的King's new novel is a change of pace in a few ways. It's a quick, satisfying read, as op- posed to his more impressive (though still satisfying) recent works like Sleeping Beauties and The Outsider. (King的新小说在一些方面改变了节奏，这是一本快速的、令人满意的读物，和他更加令人印象深刻的近期作品相反，例如《睡美人》和《局外人》)可知新小说Elevation的节奏比《睡美人》和《局外人》快。

D. It is in a faster pace compared with Sleeping Beauties. (和《睡美人》相比它的节奏更快)符合以上说法，故选D项。

【2题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第一部分的Elevation by Stephen King; Scribner; 160 pp. ; fiction; $ 8; 第二部分的His Royal Dogness, Guy the Beagle by Camille March, Michael Brum and Simon Schuster; fiction, for all ages; $ 6; 第三部分的The Reckoning by John Grisham; Doubleday, 417 pp.; fiction; $ 12; 和第四部分的My Squirrel Days by Ellie Kemper; Scribner, 240 pp.; nonfiction; $ 10。

可知Elevation；His Royal Dogness, Guy the Beagle；The Reckoning这三本书是小说，而My Squirrel Days不是小说，所以My Squirrel Days和其它三本书的题材不同。

故选A项。

【3题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三部分he Reckoning by John Grisham; Doubleday, 417 pp.; fiction; $ 12;和第四部分的My Squirrel Days by Ellie Kemper; Scribner, 240 pp.; nonfiction; $ 10。

可知它们是四本书里面价格最高的两本，所以买两本书最高可支付$ 12+$ 10=$ 22。

故选C项。

B
With new and innovative (创新的)ideas, 10 teams of student groups competed at UR's Hult Prize competition on Nov. 3 to skip the selection process for the regional competition. "If you ever had a crazy idea or passion, now it is time to explore it. " senior and Hult Prize competitor Sharfuz Shifat said. The Hult Prize is an international competition where undergraduate and graduate students alike compete to win a $ 1 million prize to start a company based on their ideas.
For many competitors, this competition is an outlet for innovative and novel ideas that can speed up change in the world. "I believe in social entrepreneurship and the power of business to create social change," said senior Shelly Chen from Team Boodana.
In addition to wanting to make a lasting social effect, some competitors have personal connections to their ideas and a strong motivation to bring them to reality. "We're passionate about this because it comes from our life," sophomore Cherine Ghazouani and Team Forty- Two member said. "We're trying to make our family's, our country's and our people's lives better. "
After the event, the award ceremony announced the winner: the first and second runner- ups as Team BestBeing, Team Forty-Two and Team Boodana, respectively. Although the rul- ing ideas of the winners were meant to provide jobs for unemployed youth, many of the proposed solutions also handled other problems in today's society. Team Forty-Two worked on reinventing the impractical tutoring system in Mediterranean countries; Team BestBeing aimed to provide a solution for the lack of availability of mental health services all over the world.
"Usually some of the most simple but practical solutions are the ones that are the most beautiful and effective" judge Anna Schreyer said. " The challenge is being able to look at things in a completely new way that's very simple. Try to step out of the box of how we do things and how we think about things. "
4. What is the purpose of the UR s Hult Prize competition?
A. Not to let go of good ideas.
B. To award the most hardworking students.
C. Not to be crazy about changing the reality.
D. To stress the importance of regional competition.
5. What will the winner be awarded in the competition?
A. A graduate degree.
B. A starting fund of a firm.
C. A position in UR s Hult Prize.
D. A job in a company.
6. What do the winners mainly focus on?
A. Youth unemployment.
B. A solution to mental health.
C. The impractical tutoring system.
D. The way of innovative thinking.
7. What can be viewed as the best idea according to judge Anna Schreyer?
A. Effective and innovative.
B. Simple and practical.
C. Long-lasting and simple.
D. Changeable and practical.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

UR's Hult Prize 的主要目的是鼓励年轻人的创新思想，获奖者将会获得开公司的创业资金，并按要求主要致力解决青年未就业问题。

【4题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章第一段的"If you ever had a crazy idea or passion, now it is time to explore it. " senior and Hult Prize competitor Sharfuz Shifat said. (如果你曾经有个疯狂的想法或激情，现在是时候去探索它了)可推测UR's Hult Prize的目的是鼓励人们去探索自己疯狂的想法。

A. Not to let go of good ideas. (不放弃好主意)符合以上推测，故选A项。

【5题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第一段的The Hult Prize is an international competition where undergraduate and graduate students alike compete to win a $ 1 million prize to start a company based on their ideas. (霍特奖是一项国际竞赛，本科生和研究生都可以参加，以赢得100万美元的奖金，用来根据自己的想法建立一家公司)可知霍特奖的得主会赢得一笔开公司的资金。

B. A starting fund of a firm. （一笔开公司的资金）符合以上说法，故选B项。

【6题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第四段的Although the ruling ideas of the winners were meant to
provide jobs for unemployed youth, many of the proposed solutions also handled other
problems in today's society. (尽管获奖者的核心思想是为失业青年提供就业机会，但他
们提出的许多解决方案也解决了当今社会的其它问题)可知获奖者主要关注青年未就业的问
题。

A. Youth unemployment. (青年未就业) 符合以上说法，故选A项。

【7题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段的"Usually some of the most simple but practical
solutions are the ones that are the most beautiful and effective," judge Anna Schreyer
said. (裁判Anna Schreyer说，通常一些最简单但实用的解决方案是最漂亮、最有效的)可
知Anna Schreyer认为最好的主意是简单且实际的。

B. Simple and practical. (简单且实
际)符合以上说法，故选B项，
C Many of us experience multiple queues on an average day. If they move quickly, they're soon forgotten. But a slow line can seem to last forever and can put a drag
on an entire day. What separates a good queuing experience from a bad one, however,
is not just the speed of the line. How the wait makes us feel and line fairness (nobody
likes line-jumpers)can have a greater impact on our feeling (感觉)of a queue than
the amount of time we spend in it. And while waiting time is often hard to cut down,
feeling can be changed with good line design and management.
" A wait is a psychological (心理的)state," Don Norman, a user experience pioneer
and director of The Design Lab at UCSD, said, " In that way, it's a matter of design,
trying to understand not only the psychology of the people waiting but also their
boredom and frustration. It requires a human-centered design perspective (观点)，
from the points of view of both the people doing the service and the people waiting
in line. That isn't hard, but you have to develop a sensitivity to it or realize why
it might be important. "
When it comes to waiting, feeling is more important than reality. To understand
how, think of the mirrors that often line an elevator hall. The story goes that they
started being installed during the postwar boom in highrise buildings as a response
to complaints of long waits for the elevator. " Putting mirrors next to elevators is a way to distract people for a minute or two so they can adjust their ties or their hair and make sure they're looking great," Richard Larson, a queuing theory expert and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said in a phone interview.
A similar example comes from another story about an airport getting complaints for the long waits for the baggage. After trying, fruitlessly, to make baggage delivery faster, the airport simply moved the arrival gates outside of the main terminal, making people walk six times longer to get their bags. Time was spent walking instead of waiting around and complaints dropped to almost zero.
8. Which of the following may upset people most when they are queuing up?
A. The line is too slow.
B. The line is too long.
C. They can't jump the line.
D. Someone jumps a queue.
9. What is a good line design and management according to Norman?
A. A line that is not easy to reach.
B. A design that centers on the human.
C. A design that people cannot be too sensitive to.
D. A design that only take surroundings into consideration.
10. What does the underlined word “distract" in pa ragraph 3 mean?
A. Observe.
B. Encourage.
C. Shift.
D. Comfort.
11. How does the airport reduce passengers' complaints of waiting?
A. Urge them to walk faster.
B. Deliver their baggage faster.
C. Extend the passage to their baggage area.
D. Charge less for the postage for their baggage.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。

排队等待总是让人很难受，但通过以人为中心的设计可以改变排队者的心理感受。

【8题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第一段的How the wait makes us feel and line fairness (nobody likes line-jumpers)can have a greater impact on our feeling (感觉)of a queue than the amount of time we spend in it. (比起排队等待时间，排队给我们什么样的感觉和公平的排队对我们的影响更大)可知如果有人插队，会让排队的人感觉很糟糕。

D. Someone jumps a queue. (有人插队)符合以上说法，故选D项。

【9题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第二段的It requires a human-centered design perspective (观点)，from the points of view of both the people doing the service and the people waiting in line. (它要求以人为中心的设计，从提供服务人员和排队人的观点出发)可知好的排队设计是以人为中心。

B. A design that centers on the human. (一个以人为中心的设计)符合以上说法，故选B项。

【10题详解】
词意猜测题。

根据划线部分所在句子Putting mirrors next to elevators is a way to distract people for a minute or two so they can adjust their ties or their hair and make sure they're looking great,可知把镜子放在电梯旁是一种让人们distract一两分钟的方法，因此他们可以调整自己的领带或者发型，让他们自己看起来很棒。

结合句意可推测划线部分的意思是“把注意力转移到其它地方”。

C. Shift. (转移)符合以上推测，故选C项。

【11题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段的After trying, fruitlessly, to make baggage delivery faster, the airport simply moved the arrival gates outside of the main terminal, making people walk six times longer to get their bags. Time was spent walking instead of waiting around and complaints dropped to almost zero. (在尝试过加快行李运送速度无果之后，机场只能简单地将主航站楼外的入口移走，让人们多走6倍的时间去拿他们的行李。

人们把时间花在行走而非等待，投诉几乎降到了零)可知机场通过延长旅客取行李的通道来减少他们等待的时间。

C. Extend the passage to their baggage area. (延长去取行李区域的通道)符合以上说法，故选C项。

D
Wherever agriculture has been practiced, pests have attacked and destroyed part or even all of the crop. In modern age, the term pest includes animals (mostly insects), plants, bacteria, and viruses. Human efforts to control pests have a long history.
Even in Neolithic times (新石器时代)，farmers practiced a form of biological pest control involving the more or less unconscious selection of seed from resistant plants. The scientific study of pests was not undertaken until the 17th and 18th centuries. In his Natural History , the Roman author Pliny the Elder describes picking insects from plants by hand and spraying. The first successful large-scale battle against a serious disease by chemical means was in Europe in the 1840s. The disease, brought from the Americas, was controlled first by spraying pesticide (农药). Another serious outbreak caused food shortage in Ireland in 1845 and some succeeding years and severe losses in many other parts of Europe and the United States. Insects and bacteria from Europe became serious pests in the United States, too.
The first book to deal with pests in a scientific way was John Curtis's Farm Insects, published in 1860. Though farmers were well aware that insects caused losses, Curtis was the first writer to call attention to their significant economic impact. The successful battle for control of the Colorado potato beetle (甲壳虫)of the western United States also occurred in the 19th century. When miners and pioneers brought the potato into the Colorado region, the beetle fell upon this crop and became a severe pest, spreading steadily eastward and ruining crops, until it reached the Atlantic. It crossed the ocean and eventually established itself in Europe. But an American scientist in 1877 found a practical control method consisting of spraying with water-insoluble chemicals. It was used successfully against the beetle.
Since many pesticides available in the 19th century were comparatively weak, other pest-control methods were used as well. A species of ladybird beetle was imported from Australia to California to kill the Colorado potato beetle.
12. How did farmers control pests in Neolithic times?
A. By picking insects from plants by hand.
B By spraying chemicals on a large scale.
C. By controlling the number of the crops.
D. By selecting best seeds from resistant crops.
13. When did people begin to research the pest control systematically?
A. By the end of the 18th century.
B. During the 17th and 18th centuries.
C. In 1845.
D. In 1860.
14. What can be inferred about the Colorado potato beetle?
A. It was native to Colorado.
B. It has changed into a new species.
C. It was finally under control in 1877.
D. It was completely killed in Colorado region.
15. What can be the best title of the text?
A. The Common Crop Disease in History
B. The Battles against Pests in Early History
C. Survival of the Fittest-the History of Pests
D. Beginnings of Pest and Disease Control in Crops
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了早期农作物病虫害的防治方法。

【12题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第一段的Even in Neolithic times (新石器时代)，farmers practiced a form of biological pest control involving the more or less unconscious selection of seed from resistant plants. (即使在新石器时代，农民进行生物防治的一种形式或多或少涉及无意识选择抗性植物的种子)可知新石器时代的农民通过选择具有抗性的种子来控制害虫。

D. By selecting best seeds from resistant crops. (通过从抗性作物中选择最好的种子)符合以上说法，故选D项。

【13题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第一段的The scientific study of pests was not undertaken until the 17th and 18th centuries. (对害虫的科学研究直到17和18世纪才开始进行 )可知对害虫控制的系统研究始于17和18世纪。

B. During the 17th and 18th centuries. (在17和18世纪之间)符合以上说法，故选B项。

【14题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第二段的But an American scientist in 1877 found a practical
control method consisting of spraying with water-insoluble chemicals. It was used successfully against the beetle. (但在1877年，一位美国科学家发现了一种实用的控制方法，即喷洒不溶于水的化学物质，它成功地被用来对付甲虫)可知甲虫最终在1877年被控制住了。

C. It was finally under control in 1877. (它最终在1877年被控制住)符合以上说法，故选C项。

【15题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据文章第一段关键词Even in Neolithic times (新石器时代)，until the 17th and 18th centuries，in Europe in the 1840s，pest control和a serious disease以及第二段的The first book to deal with pests in a scientific way was John Curtis's Farm Insects, published in 1860. (第一本用科学方法处理害虫的书是John Curtis's Farm Insects，出版于1860年)可知本文主要讲述了早期农业病虫害的控制。

D. Beginnings of Pest and Disease Control in Crops. (农作物病虫害控制的开始)符合以上说法，故选D项。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Hearing loss is not always preventable, but in order to keep our ears as healthy and as high-functioning as possible, there are steps we can take to minimize our risk. These steps are simple and easy to put into practice. ___16___
● Know when your surroundings are too loud
___17___or if you have trouble hearing them over the background noise, then your surroundings are too loud. A noise is too loud if it hurts your ears to listen to it or if you find that after you move away from the noise, things sound muffled or there is a ringing in your ears.
● Pr otect your ears with earplugs (and frequent breaks)
If you absolutely have to be around loud noises, be sure to protect your ears while you are there. ___18___, don't stand next to the speakers and consider wearing musician's earplugs,
which don't muffle the music but reduce the volume nonetheless.
● Turn down the volume
Most teenagers (and even many adults) enjoy listening to music at high volumes through headphones or in the car. ___19___. And this can even lead to having to use
hearing aids later in life. Turning down the volume of the music you are listening to until it is at a comfortable and safe volume is a great way to protect your ears against damage.
● ___20___
Last but not least, getting your hearing checked at the first sign of trouble can mean the difference between healthy ears and permanent hearing loss.
A. Get a hearing test
B. Take a sound check
C. If you are going to a concert
D. Then, the only thing you lose is the risk of hearing loss
E. If you have to shout to be heard by someone near you
F. Unfortunately, this is one of the best ways to damage your hearing
G. Unexpected sounds can jump out at you from any place at any time
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. C 19. F 20. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了几种简单且实用的预防听力丧失的方法。

【16题详解】
根据前文These steps are simple and easy to put into practice.可知这些是容易付诸实践的简单方法。

D. Then, the only thing you lose is the risk of hearing loss.那么，你将不会有丧失听力的风险。

符合文意，前后句构成明显的因果关系，因为采取了这些方法，所以不会有丧失听力的风险。

故选D项。

【17题详解】
根据下文or if you have trouble hearing them over the background noise, then your surroundings are too loud.可知或者如果你听不见别人说话，那么说明你周围的声音太大了。

E. If you have to shout to be heard by someone near you如果你必须大声喊叫才能被附近的人听到。

符合文意，选项和下文句型一致，且都是“周围声音太吵”的一种情况，故选E项。

【18题详解】
根据下文don't stand next to the speakers and consider wearing musician's earplugs, which don't muffle the music but reduce the volume nonetheless.可知不要站在扬声器
的旁边，考虑带上音乐专用耳塞，虽然耳塞不会消音，但会降低音量。

C. If you are going to a concert如果你要去听音乐会。

符合文意，在音乐会上不要靠近扬声器，符合逻辑，故选C项。

【19题详解】
根据前文Most teenagers (and even many adults) enjoy listening to music at high volumes through headphones or in the car.可知大多数青少年喜欢通过耳机或者在车里听大音量的音乐。

F. Unfortunately, this is one of the best ways to damage your hearing很不幸，这是损害听力最好的方法之一。

符合文意，选项中的this指代前文所提到的在耳机或车里听大音量音乐的行为，故选F项。

【20题详解】
根据下文Last but not least, getting your hearing checked at the first sign of trouble can mean the difference between healthy ears and permanent hearing loss. (最后但也重要的是，在出现问题的第一个迹象时就检查你的听力，这可能意味着健康的耳朵和永久性听力损失之间的区别。

)可知本段主要讲述要进行听力测试。

A. Get a hearing test (进行听力测试)可以作为本段的小标题，故选A项。

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Brooke Ochoa was going to enter a restaurant for lunch when she saw an elderly lady approaching. The 30-year-old woman ____21____ to keep the door open for her. She thought she was just doing something ____22____. She didn’t know, however, that a —____23____— that the lady would make a few seconds later would produce a chain of events that would cause her to get countless likes on her Facebook post and
____24____ on social media suddenly As Brooke entered the restaurant, she ____25____ the elderly lady ask for a “table for one.” Then she decided to do one more act of ____26____. Brooke walked up to the woman’s ____27____ and asked, “I also
____28____ alone, would you like to have lunch together?”
The lady, named Dolores, not only accepted Brooke’s ____29____, but she was very pleased to have ____30____. The two ____31____ up an instant friendship during their
meal.
Dolores told Brooke that she’d been having a ____32____ time. “She spent the last de cade living with her mom, who recently passed away,” Brooke wrote in a later Facebook post about the encounter. “She just kept smiling and saying ‘thank you for listening to me’, which made me ____33____ too!” Brooke and Dolores enjoyed their conversation so much that they ____34____ to have lunch with each other every Thursday from that point on. In a later ____35____, not long after their first meeting, Brooke ____36____ that Dolores had passed away.
If nothing else, this chance ____37____ is evidence that the smallest ____38____ of goodwill can quite exactly change a life. Neither of the two women knew that Dolores days on this Earth were ____39____, but they found ____40____ in each other, and that’s what matters.
21. A. hesitated B. waited C. competed D. pretended
22. A. foolish B. honest C. wise D. polite
23. A. remark B. report C. promise D. speech
24. A. take off B. set off C. leave off D. cut off
25. A. realized B. felt C. insisted D. overheard
26. A. weakness B. kindness C. friendship D. encouragement
27. A. car B. counter C. door D. table
28. A. struggle B. defend C. post D. eat
29. A. bow B. care C. offer D. effort
30. A. company B. friction C. adjustment D. permission
31. A. turned B. built C. threw D. Put
32. A. pleasant B. short C. tough D. lucky
33. A. sob B. panic C. listen D. smile
34. A. agreed B. refused C. seemed D. remained
35. A. absence B. purchase C. update D. praise
36. A. approved B. exposed C. analyzed D.
committed
37. A. complaint B. argument C. conversation D. appointment
38. A. strength B. gesture C. competence D. fault
39. A. ordered B. debated C. numbered D.
controlled
40. A. comfort B. reality C. success D. equality 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. D 29.
C 30. A 31. B 32. C 33.
D 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. C 38. B
39. C 40. A
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。

本文介绍了布鲁克•奥乔亚在一家餐厅偶遇多洛雷斯女士，并主动与她
一起用餐，她的善举使她们成为朋友，也正是这最小的善意姿态完全改变一个人（多洛雷斯）
的生活。

【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：这位30岁的女人等着给她开门。

A.hesitated犹豫；B.waited等待；peted竞争；D.pretended假装。

根据she saw an elderly lady approaching（她
看到一位上了年纪的女士走近了）可知，她等着为她开门。

故选B。

【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：她认为她只是在做些有礼貌的事。

A.foolish愚蠢的；B.honest
诚实的；C.wise聪明的；D.polite有礼貌的。

替别人开门，是礼貌的。

故选D。

【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：然而，她不知道，这位女士之后说的一句话会引发一连串的事情。

A.remark言论；B.report报告；C.promise诺言；D.debate辩论。

联系下文，短语make a remark
发表言论，符合句意，故选A。

【24题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。

句意：然而，她不知道，这位女士几秒钟后的一句话会产生一连串
的事件，导致她在脸书上的帖子受到无数人的喜爱，并在社交媒体上突然蹿红。

A.take off
脱掉，腾飞，突然成功；B.set off出发；C.leave off离开；D.cut off切断。

无数人的喜爱，说明她在脸书上蹿红（take off）。

故选A。

【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：她无意中听到老太太要一张“单人桌”。

A.realized意识到；B.felt 感受；C.insisted坚持；D.overheard偶然听到。

因为他们不认识，也不是在一起吃饭，所以说偶然听到。

故选D。

【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：然后她决定再做一件善事。

A.weakness虚弱；B.kindness善良；
C.friendship友谊；
D.encouragement鼓励。

根据one more act可知此处是做善良的事。

故选B。

【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：布鲁克走到那位女士的桌子前问道：“我也是一个人吃饭，你愿意和我一起吃午饭吗？”A.car轿车；B.counter柜台；C.door门；D.table桌子。

根据上文a "table for one"，而且都是顾客来吃饭的，所以Brooke走向这位女士的餐桌。

故选D。

【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我也是一个人吃的，你愿意一起吃午饭吗？A.struggle奋斗；
B.defend护卫；
C.post邮寄；
D.eat吃。

根据下文would you like to have lunch together?可知，是吃饭。

故选D。

【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：这位名叫多洛雷斯的女士不仅接受了布鲁克的提议，而且很高兴有人做伴。

A.bow鞠躬；B.care关心；C.offer提议，主动提供；D.effort努力。

根据上文多洛雷斯所做的可知，是主动提供帮助。

offer意为“主动提议；建议”，这里指主动邀请。

故选C。

【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：这位名叫多洛雷斯的女士不仅接受了布鲁克的提议，而且很高兴有人陪她。

pany公司，陪伴；B.friction摩擦，分歧；C.adjustment调整；D.permission 允许。

多洛雷斯由一个人吃饭到和布鲁克一起吃饭，有人陪伴，company此处意为“陪伴，做伴”。

故选A。

【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：他们俩在吃饭时很快就建立起了友谊。

A.turned转；B.built建
造；C.threw扔，投；D.put放。

短语build up意思是“建立起（关系）”。

故选B。

【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：多洛雷斯告诉布鲁克，她过得很艰难。

A.pleasant高兴的；B.short 短的，矮的；C.tough艰难的；D.lucky幸运的。

根据下文She spent the last decade living with her mom, who recently passed away她母亲去世可知，她最近日子不好过，多洛雷斯生活艰难。

故选C。

【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：这也让我笑了。

A.sob抽泣；B.panic惊恐；C.listen听；D.smile 微笑。

根据上一句She just kept smiling and saying 'thank you for listening to me'可知，我也笑了。

故选D。

【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：从那时起，他们达成协议每周四一起共进午餐。

A.agreed同意；
B.refused拒绝；
C.seemed好像；
D.remained保留。

每周四一起共进午餐，是两人同意的决定。

故选A。

【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：在他们第一次见面后不久的一次脸书更新中，布鲁克公布多洛雷斯已经去世。

A.absence缺席；B.purchase购买；C.update更新；D.praise赞扬。

根据语境可知，信息是在脸书上发布的，故用update“更新信息”。

故选C。

【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：在他们第一次见面后不久的一次脸书更新中，布鲁克公布多洛雷斯已经去世的消息。

A.approved同意；B.exposed暴露，揭露；C.analyzed分析；mitted 承诺。

根据语境，布鲁克将她去世的消息在脸书上公开。

故选B。

【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：这种偶然的谈话就是一个证据，证明最小的善举完全可以改变一个人的生活。

plaint抱怨；B.argument争论；C.conversation交谈；D.appointment 约会。

这里指她们饭店的偶遇和交谈。

故选C。

【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：这种偶然的谈话就是一个证据，证明最小的善举完全可以改变一个人的生活。

A.strength力气；B.gesture姿势，姿态；petence能力；D.fault过错。

上文Then she decided to do one more act of (6) kindness.就是一种善举，一种姿态。