黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高一英语 知识点 B3M3学案(学生版) 外研版

黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高一英语知识点 B3M3学案（学生版）外
研版
Introduction
1. (回归课本P21)Have you ever experienced a flood?
experience [C](一次)经历，体验；[U]经验；阅历 vt.经历，体验
归纳总结 have much teaching/working experience教学/工作经验丰富
by/from experience凭经验；从经验中(得出)
in one’s experience据某人的经验看
experience in/of在……方面的经验
experienced adj.有经验的，熟练的
be experienced in在……方面有经验
例句探源①Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.
②You will have your choice between hot or cold rooms，but you will be well advised to stay at least one night in a cold room for a true experience.
③In my experience，these things never last very long.
④He had no experience of managing a farm.
即境活用 1．He is________as a leader but he doesn’t have ________in teaching.
A．success；many experience B．a success；much experience
C．success；an experience D．success；a lot of experiences
2. We had ________pleasant experience when my family were on ________vacation last
summer. A．/；/ B．a；a C．/；a D．a；/
易混辨析 cause，reason，excuse (1)cause意为“起因，原因”，指引起某种结果的必然原因，即主要事实方面的原因，常和effect连用，表示因果。

(2)reason意为“理由，原因”，指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口，这种理由可能是真正的理由，也可能不是，强调逻辑推理方面的理由。

(3)excuse 指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由，原因”，也就是我们常说的“借口”。

①Too much work is no excuse for absence.
②Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter.热是物体膨胀的原因。

③The reason for his driving so fast was that he would attend an important meeting. 即境活用1. According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily________and effect. A．reason B．impact C．fact D．cause 2. We do not yet know the ________of the accident. A．cause B．reason C．purpose D．excuse
Reading
1.(回归课本P23)Almost all of them occur in the U．S.，...
occur vi. 发生，出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现(occurred / occurring)
The accident occurred at five o’clock.
某人想起①sth. occurs to sb A brilliant idea occurred to me.
②It occurs to sb that It suddenly occurred to her that Tom was afraid of being alone.
易混辨析 occur，happen，take place，break out
(1)occur属正式用语，它可以指偶然地“发生”，也可以指在指定的时间“发生，出现”，还可以表示抽象事物，如思想等的“产生”。

在以具体事物、事件作主语时，可与happen互换。

①That accident happened/occurred yesterday. ②It occurred to me that I could invite her to dinner.
(2)happen常用词语，指事物或情况偶然或未能预见地发生；其后接不定式或用在It happened that...句型中，意为“恰好，碰巧，偶然”。

I happened to meet her on my way home.
(3)take place 指发生了事先计划或预想到的事情，常做“举行”讲。

The meeting took place at 8∶00 as planned.
(4)break out指(战争、火灾等)突然发生The fire broke out during the night.
即境活用 I _____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_______.（安徽高考）
A. went; was occurring
B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred
D. was going; occurring
2. (回归课本P23)Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street…pick up 卷起；掀起
①收听②(健康、生意、社交生活等)恢复，变好，好转③ 开车接（某人）④ 捡起，拾起⑤ 收拾，整理⑥加(速) ⑦ 无意中学会⑧便宜地买到
(1) She picked up a stone and threw it at the window.______
(2) Can you do me a favor to pick up my daughter from school?_______
(3) The train was gradually picking up speed. _____
(4)He picked up French very quickly when he was traveling in France. ____
(5) My radio can pick up BBC English and VOA easily. _____
(6) Under good treatment, Linda is beginning to pick up and will soon recover. ___
(7) The room must be picked up before the guests arrive. ____
(8)He picked up some used stamps. _________
① 写下，记下② 镇压③放下
1) put down a rebellion _____2) Put down you name and address. ___
3) Put those heavy bags down for a minute. _____
【拓展】put up搭建、举起 put on 穿上put off 推迟 put out 熄灭
put up with 忍受、容忍 put forward提出
即境活用 1．She ________Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely. A．picked out B．made out C．made up D．picked up
★2.This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can________my father.
A．find out B．pick out C．look out D．speak out
3.They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.(P23) leave + 宾语+宾语补足语“让/使…保持某种状态”。

宾语后接形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、名词或句子等作补足语。

①Leave the door open and you will breathe fresh air. (leave + object + adj)
②Don’t leave me waiting outside too long.
③The bad weather left the project half finished.
④Ted’s parents went abroad and left him in the care of his grandmother.
⑤His parents both died last year, leaving him an orphan.
⑥What we’ve done leaves much to be desired.
即境活用 1．You’d better not leave the medicine________kids can get at it. A．even if B．which C．where D．so that
2.—Was the problem solved at the meeting? —Not yet. I’m afraid it may lead to more serious ones if________unsolved. A．making B．remained C．left D．taking 4.On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
on average 平均，平均起来
On average, there are twenty boys present every day.
It takes me a week to read a book, on average.
causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.是现在分词短语作结果状语。

用现在分词作结果状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，且现在分词表示的结果是一种必然的、顺理成章的结果。

而不定式则表示出乎意料的结果。

①European football is played in more than 80 countries，making it the most popular
sport in the world. 80多个国家都踢欧式足球，这使它成为世界上最流行的运动。

②The fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable.
③He woke up and looked out of the window,to find the world outside greatly changed. 即境活用1．(2010年高考江苏卷)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，________the students to return to their classrooms.
A．enabling B．having enabled C．to enable D．to have enabled
2.(2009年高考上海卷)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，________all four people on board. A．killed B．killing C．kills D．to kill
④(灾难，疾病)侵袭，爆发⑤突然想到⑥ 划（火.柴）⑦ 撞击；碰⑧罢工
1) Charles Coghlan died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck. ____________
2) She struck him in the face. __ ③____ 3) The boat struck (on) a rock.________
4) The visitors are struck by the beauty of the Country. ________
5) A good idea struck the manager.__ ⑤____ 6) strike the match ________
7) I was about to go out when the clock struck __________
8）The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. __________
辨析 strike, hit, beat
strike指用力地“打击”，表示短暂的动作，含有急速的或突然的一次性殴打、打击或敲打，有时与hit 通用，可以用于比喻意义，表示“袭击”。

beat表示有目的地在某物上连续不断地打，可以是轻打，也可以是重打；在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方；阳光（雨点）照射（点打）在……上，还专指心脏跳动。

hit 着重指打中和击中这一结果，强调敲打或击中对方的某一点。

6. The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan’s coffin ended up in the sea.(L33, P23)
bury vt. 埋葬，埋藏，用某物覆盖
The climbers were buried under a pile of rocks.
She had learnt to bury her feelings.
After divorce, she buried herself in her work.
知识拓展： bury sth. under/beneath 将某物埋在…下面
bury one’s face in hands 双手掩面
bury one’s feelings 感情不外露
bury oneself in= be buried in埋头于…，专心于…
即境活用 _____________ deep down in the earth, the dead forest rotted away and became coal.
A. Be buried
B. To bury
C. Being buried
D. Buried
end up 以…结束；结果为…
1) We were going to go out, but ended up watching videos.
2) If you go on like this, you’ll end up in prison.
3) The meeting ended up with a new song.
4) He ended up as the head of the company.
5)If he carried on driving like that, he’ll ended up dead.
end up with以……结束（指以某种方式结束）(finish by doing or having)
end up in...以……告终(后跟结果且不好结果)(finally be in a particular place or situation)
from beginning to the end 自始至终，从头到尾
come to an end 到头了，结束了
put an end to sth. 使…结束
bring sth. to an end 使…结束
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出
Listening:
1. erupt vi. (火山的)爆发；喷发；突然发生
①Mount Vesuvius hasn't erupted for a good many years. 维苏威火山已有很多年没爆发了。

②Laughter erupted from the audience. 观众一阵大笑。

③Violence erupted in the city after the football match. 足球赛后城里发生了暴力事件。

知识拓展
eruption n. [U，C](火山的)爆发；喷发；突发
①The eruption of volcano makes many people lose their lives.火山的爆发使许多人丧失了生命。

②It resulted in the eruption of the crisis in Asia.那件事促成了亚洲危机的发生。

2．previous先前的
①Who was the previous owner of the car? 这辆汽车以前的车主是谁？
②Have you had previous career experience? 你过去有过工作经验吗？
previous to在……之前 (to 为介词)
His father died two hours previous to his arrival.
他父亲在他到达之前两小时去世了。

Previous to leaving for France, he studied a lot about the country.
他在启程去法国前，对有关法国的事情作了相当多的研究。

3. warn vt.警告；提醒；告诫
①He warned us that the roads were icy. 他提醒我们路上结了冰。

②I warned him of the danger. 我提醒他有危险。

③He had been warned not to talk to anyone. 已警告过他不要与任何人交谈。

④He warned me against crossing the street at that place. 他警告我不要在那个地方
过马路。

warning n. 警告；告诫
①Thanks to my mother's warning, I didn't get caught in the rain.多亏了妈妈的警告，
我没有挨雨淋。

②There is a warning on the bottle of the medicine. 那药瓶上标有注意事项。

高考直击(2010·天津·13) My father warned me ________ going to the West Coast because
it was crowded with tourists. A. by B. on C. for
D. against
即学即用①She gave her child a________not to play near the railway line.
A．message B．tip C．advice D．warning
②The patient was warned________oily food after the operation.
A．to eat not B．eating not C．not to eat D．don't to eat
4. possibility n. 可能；可能性；可能发生的事(常用复数)
①Is there any possibility of your getting to London this week? 本周你有可能去伦
敦吗？
②What seemed impossible seems a distinct possibility. 过去看似不可能的事现在显然
有可能了。

知识拓展possible adj. 可能的
I'll do everything possible to help you. 我会尽一切可能帮助你。

即学即用
________is________that you grow this flower even in winter.
A．There; possible B．It; possible C．It; possibility D．That; possible
5. set fire to使……着火(＝set sth. on fire)
①Sparks from the fireplace could easily set the curtains on fire.
②Rioters set fire to a whole row of shops. 暴乱分子放火烧了一整排商店。

知识拓展
catch fire 着火(表示动作) make a fire 生火 be on fire 着火(表示状态)
play with fire 玩火；做危险的事 set sth. on fire 放火烧 set about 开始做；着手
做
set out 出发；开始 set down 放下；记下 set free 释放
set off 启程；使爆炸 set up 建立 set back 使倒退
set to 认真开始做 set forward 出发；出动
即学即用 Some youths had ________ to a police car.
A．catch fire B．set fire C．on fire D．setted fire
Cultural Corner
1．worldwide
1)adj. 遍及全世界的
In a word, worldwide economic trends are good. 总的来说，世界经济趋势是好的。

2)adv. 遍及世界各地，全世界
Our products are sold worldwide. 我们的产品销往世界各地。

知识拓展 world-famous adj. 世界闻名的 world power n. 世界强国
world-class adj. 国际水平的 world war n. 世界大战
翻译句子
这件事已经引起了全世界的关注。

________________________________________________________________________
答案：The story has attracted worldwide attention.
2．active adj. 活跃的；积极的
①He is an active member of the club. 他是俱乐部的积极分子。

②Although she is nearly 80, she is still active. 尽管快80岁了，她还是很活跃。

③She is very active in the local business circle. 她在当地的商业圈非常活跃。

搭配
take an active part in sth.积极参与某事
He takes an active part in school life. 他积极参与学校活动。

be active in (doing) sth. 积极参加某事
①She is active in political activities. 她热衷于政治。

②He was active in organizing student meetings. 他积极组织学生集会。

3．damage un. /vt损害；危害
do/cause damage to sth. 危害/损害……
①The storm caused great damage/did a lot of damage. 暴风雨带来了许多损失。

②The accident did a lot of damage to the car. 这一事故把汽车损坏得很严重。

知识拓展
do wrong to sb.⇒do sb. wrong 冤枉某人
do good to sb.⇒do sb. good 对某人有好处
do a favor for sb.⇒do sb. a favor 帮某人一把；给某人以恩惠
词语辨析
②The building was completely destroyed by fire. 那座建筑物被火烧得一干二净。

③The bad weather ruined our trip. 天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。

即学即用①Though the flood did great________to the crops, farmers still won a good harvest.
A．hurt B．ruin C．damage D．injury
Grammar
I. 过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被语态由“助动词had＋been＋过去分词”构成。

一、人称代词的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，人称代词的变化一般规律是：第一人称→第三人称；第二人称→第一人称；第三人称→第三人称，简记为“二一、一三、三留”。

e.g. "I'm thinking of changing my address." he said.→
He said that he was thinking of changing his address.(I和he指同一个人) Xiao Ming asked me, "Are you going to the park with us?"→ Xiao Ming asked me if I was going to the park with them.(us与them指相同的人，Xiao Ming是其中的一员；me和you指同一个人)
Mr. Li said, "She will attend the meeting."→
Mr. Li said that she would attend the meeting.(Mr. Li和she不是同一个人) 但当说话者是第一人称，直接引语中的主语也是第一人称时，不作变化。

e.g. I said to my children, "I will give you some presents on Christmas Day."→
I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day.(I为同一说话者)
二、时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化规律是往“过去”相应的时态推移：
一般现在时→一般过去时，一般将来时→过去将来时，现在进行时→过去进行时，现在完成时→过去完成时，一般过去时/过去完成时→过去完成时。

e.g. My father told me, "He will come back next week."→
My father told me that he would come back the next week.
She asked me, "Did you finish your homework?"→
She asked me if I had finished my homework.
要注意，直接引语属下列情况时，时态不作变化：
1、直接引语属真理或客观事实时
e.g. The teacher said to us, "Light runs much faster than sound."→
The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.
2、主句谓语动词是现在或将来某个时态
e.g. The old man often says, "I joined the Red Army when I was young."→
The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.
3、直接引语带有具体的过去时间状语时
e.g. The politics teacher said to us, "The party was founded in 1921."→
The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.
4、直接引语谓语有情态动词：had better，would rather及need，must，ought to等时
e.g. He said to me, "I would rather live in the countryside."→
He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.
5、直接引语为虚拟语气谓语时
e.g. She said, "I would be happy if I were a bird."→
She said that she would be happy if she were a bird.
三、句型的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，句型要作适当变化
1、变陈述句为由that引导的宾语从句（that常省略）
e.g. "I want to improve my English at school," said the child.→
The child said (that) he wanted to improve his English at school.
2、变一般疑问句为由if/whether引导的从句, 并将疑句语序变为陈述语序。

e.g. "Are you sure he will come today?" Jenny asked Helen.→
Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day.
3、变选择疑问句为由whether...or.../whether...or not引导的从句
e.g. "Is he a director or an actor?" she asked me.→
She asked me whether he was a director or an actor.
4、变特殊疑问词开头的问句为原特殊疑问词引导的从句, 并将疑句语序变为陈述语序。

5、
e.g. "When did you come here?" Tom asked Jim.→
Tom asked Jim when he had gone there.
6、变祈使句为不定式短语，作动词ask，tell，order，beg，request，advise，offer，warn等的宾语补足语，宾语为说话者的对象，选什么动词，视情况而定
e.g. The doctor said to the patient, "Don't eat oily food again."→
The doctor advised the patient not to eat oily food again.
7、变感叹句为how或what引出的从句，也可用that引出从句
e.g. "How clever a boy he is." the teacher said to the mother.→
The teacher told the mother how clever a boy he was.或
The teacher told the mother that he was clever boy.
8、直接引语是多个句子时，按其句型特点，用上面的方法分别处理，并用and连接
e.g. Mrs. Smith said, "I don't know the way to the station. How can I get there?"→ Mrs. Smith said that she didn't know the way to the station and asked me how she could get there.
e.g. She said, "I will come here again tomor row."→
She said that she would go there again the next day.
但要注意，如果在当时转述别人话，不必要改变时间状语；在原地转述别人的话，也不必改变地点状语，同样，come也不一定要改为go
e.g. John said just now, "I came here yesterday."→
John said just now that he came here yesterday.
练习一、根据要求完成句子
1．She said，“I like singing very much.”(变成间接引语)
→________________________________________
2．“Did you go to the library yesterday？”he asked.(变成间接引语)
→________________________________________
3．“Don't put off today's things to tomor -row！”he said to me.(变成间接引语)
__________________________________________
4．“When will we hold such a meeting？”he asked.(变成间接引语)
→________________________________________
练习二、单项选择
1. (2011·福建)Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they ________ from China.
A. receive
B. are receiving
C. have received
D. had received
2．I________my homework before I went to bed last night.
A．was finishing B．would finish C．had finished D．have finished 3. (2007·江苏)At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ________.
A．has been reached B．had been reached
C．has reached D．had reached
4. The new suspension bridge________by the end of last month.
A．has been designed B．had been designed
C．was designed D．would be designed
5．By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing.
A．had been completed B．was being completed
C．has been completed D．would be completed
6．I asked Mr.Wang________to improve my English.
A．what should I do B．how should I do C．what I should do D．how I should do
7．Jack said________and left happily.
A．what a lovely day it is
B．what a lovely day it was
C．how lovely it is
D．how lovely day it was
8．Our geography teacher told us that the earth________forty­nine times as large as the moon.
A．was B．had been C．is D．will be
9．The old man always ordered his son________.
A．to not leave him alone B．not to leave him alone
C．not leaving him alone D．left him alone
10．The students asked________at the weekend.
A．if they will go home B．whether they will go home C．whether they would go home D．that they would go home 11．If you have questions, ________the guide book.
A．look at B．look for
C．refer to D．look into
12．This car runs 15 kilometers per liter________.
A．on averages B．at the average
C．on average D．above the average
13．It suddenly________me________we could improve the situation.
A．struck; how
B．happened; what
C．occurred; why
D．realized; who
14．The enemy general ordered that all the houses________after they broke through the defense line.
A．be set fire to B．were set fire to
C．caught fire D．should be caught fire
15．—Has Frank told you about his________as a young man?
—Yes. He________all sorts of difficulties and hardships. A．experience; was experienced
B．experiences; was experienced
C．experience; had experienced
D．experiences; experienced
16．I'm sorry to tell you that I will________you a lot of trouble. A．get B．fetch C．cause D．carry 17．He would give no________for his behaviour.
A．reason B．aim C．cause D．target
18．There was five minutes________when he got to the station. A．left B．leaving C．to leave D．to be left。