高中人教版英语必修2学案：Unit 2 Section Ⅰ含答案

Unit 2The Olympic Games
Drugs in sports
Many Olympians failed drug tests at the Olympic Games. Taking drugs in sports is a global problem. Some people ask, “What's wrong with Olympians using drugs to help them compete better？”They say, “E ven
if drugs are dangerous, the athletes choose to take the risk.”In other words, athletes should have complete control over their own bodies.
There are several problems with this argument. The most important one is that doping (服用兴奋剂) creates an unfair environment. Imagine that you and I are runners. I take drugs to help me run faster and I win. You think that you must also take drugs to have a fair chance.
One can easily see how doping would soon get out of control. If you start doping, I have to find a way to keep up. Perhaps, I will decide to take more drugs. Maybe I will look for different, stronger drugs to give me a better chance. Both of us would continue taking greater and greater risks.
Expand it from Olympians to amateurs (业余选手), including children. You may be thinking, “Children? Who lets their children take drugs？”We all know parents who want their children to win at all costs. For them, there is no coach that is too expensive; no amount of practice that is too much; no cost that is too great. These parents might let their children take drugs to improve their chances. After all, they might have a career, making lots of money, etc.
In the end, of course, the real problem is not the doping. It is the win
－at－all－costs attitude. With the high value placed on winning, doping is unavoidable (不可避免的). We can test athletes. We can even stop them from competing, but we will never clear up the problem until we change our attitudes.
开启快乐学习之旅
在金钱、名誉和国家荣誉的驱使下，有的运动员参赛时选择服用兴奋剂，所以“兴奋剂丑闻”这一敏感话题频频出现在奥运新闻中。

很多人对此事极为鄙视，你怎么看待运动员服用兴奋剂的现象？
Section ⅠWarming Up & Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．compete vi. 比赛；竞争
competitor n. 竞争者
competition n. 比赛；竞争
2．magical adj. 巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的
magic n. 巫术；魔术
3．volunteer n. 志愿者；志愿兵；vt. & vi. 自愿
4．regular adj. 规则的；定期的；常规的
regularly adv. 规则地；定期地；常规地
5．basis n. 基础；根据
6．admit vt. & vi. 容许；承认；接纳
7．nowadays adv. 现今；现在
8．host vt. 做东；主办；招待；n. 主人
9．responsibility n. 责任；职责
10．replace vt. 取代；替换；代替
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．take_part_in参加，参与
2．stand_for 代表；象征；表示
3．as_well 也；又；还
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．what 引导宾语从句
I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the
Olympic Games a long time ago.
我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过关于很久以前的奥林匹克运动会的事情。

2．It is/was...that/who...
It's in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together
with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.
在夏季奥运会上才有赛跑、游泳、帆船和所有的团队体育项目。

3．not only...but (also)．..
Women are not_only allowed, but play a very important role in
gymnastics, athletics, team sports and...
女性不仅被允许参加，而且她们在体操、竞技和团体运动等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
4．as...as...引导的比较状语从句
There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as
to win Olympic medals.
国家与国家之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。

课文预读
采访
帕萨尼亚斯是大约2 000 年前的一位希腊作家，他于2007 年3 月
18 日作了一次魔幻旅行，来打听当代奥林匹克运动会的情况。

现在他正在采访一位2008 年奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕。

帕：我叫帕萨尼亚斯。

我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。

我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。

现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004 年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。

我可以问你几个有关现代奥林匹克运动会的问题吗？
李：天啊！你真的来自那么久远的年代？但是当然你可以问你想问的任何问题。

你想知道什么呢？
帕：你们的奥运会多久举行一次？
李：每四年一次。

奥运会主要有两种：冬季奥运会和夏季奥运会。

这两种运动会按常规都是每四年举行一次。

冬季奥运会通常在夏季奥运会的前两年举行。

只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。

选手可以来自世界上任何一个地方。

帕：冬季奥运会？冬天运动员怎么可能赛跑啊？又怎么可能赛马呢？
李：噢，不！冬奥会并不包括跑步和骑马比赛，但是有像滑冰和滑雪这类需要冰雪的比赛项目，所以才叫它冬季奥运会。

跑步、游泳、划船和所有团体项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。

帕：我明白了。

你之前说邀请来的运动员来自世界各地。

你指的是希腊世界吗？我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。

别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
李：现在只要它们的运动员达到了参赛的标准，任何国家都能参赛。

总共有250 多个运动项目，每个项目都有自己的标准。

妇女不仅允许参加，而且还在体操、竞技和团体等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
帕：请等一下！所有那么多项目，所有那么多国家，甚至妇女也都参加！所有这些参赛的人住在哪里呢？
李：每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。

帕：那听起来要花很多钱吧。

会有人想承办奥运会吗？
李：事实上，每个国家都想抓住这个机会。

被选中不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。

国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。

2008 年的奥运会将在中国的北京举行，你知道吗？
帕：是的！你们一定很自豪。

李：当然。

在那之后2012 年的奥运会将在伦敦举行。

他们现在已
开始筹划。

在伦敦的东部将为运动员建立一个新的奥运村和所有的运动场。

当然还会设计新的奖牌……
帕：你刚才说奖牌是吗？就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！天哪！你们也为奖金而竞赛吗？
李：不，不是的。

仍然是为了能够跑得更快，跳得更高，掷得更远。

你知道，奥运会的口号就是“更快，更高，更强”。

帕：嗯，那是个好消息。

很有趣！占用了你的时间，非常感谢。

课文理解
Ⅰ.课文判断正(T)误(F)
1．Pausanias was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago and wanted to
know about modern Olympic Games.(T)
2．We hold our modern Olympic Games every two years.(F)
3．The Winter Olympics are usually held two years after the Summer
Games.(F)
4．The athletes from Greek cities used to compete against each other
just for the prize money.(F)
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Who can be admitted to the present－day Olympic Games?
A．All the athletes from all over the world.
B．Athletes from the Greek world.
C．Athletes who can reach the required standard.
D．Athletes from the developed countries.
答案：C
2．Who could take part in the ancient Olympics in Greece?
A．Greek nobles.B．Greek slaves.
C．Greek women. D．English nobles.
答案：A
3．Which word can best describe Pausanias' feeling?
A．Disappointed. B．Angry.
C．Sad. D．Surprised.
答案：D
4．Which of the following events is NOT in the Summer Olympic
Games?
A．Running races. B．Ice skating.
C．Swimming. D．Sailing.
答案：B
5．Why does Pausanias think people may be competing for money in
the modern Olympic Games?
A．Because so many things have changed in the Olympics that he
fears the spirit of Olympic may change.
B．Because the olive wreath has been replaced.
C．Because the winners will become very rich.
D ．Because a new village will be built and new medals will be
designed.
答案：A
Ⅲ.课文难句分析
1 ．Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has
come on a magical journey on March 18th, 2007 to find out about the
present－day Olympic Games.
[句式分析]此句为复合句。

who 在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Pausanias; to find out about the present－day Olympic Games 是不定
式作目的状语。

[自主翻译]大约2_000 年前的一位希腊作家帕萨尼亚斯穿越到2007 年3 月18 日作了一次魔幻旅行，来打听当代奥运会的情况。

2．I've come to your time to find out about the present-day Olympic
Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.
[句式分析]此句为复合句。

to find out about the present－day Olympic Games 为不定式短语作目的状语，because 引导原因状语从句，
该从句中又含有that 引导的宾语从句。

[自主翻译]现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004 年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。

1 compete vi. 比赛，竞争
( 教材P9)How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic
Games?
有多少国家参加了古代奥林匹克运动会？
(1)compete in...在某方面竞争
compete for... 为……而竞争
compete with/against... 与……竞争
(2)competition n. 比赛
competitive adj. 有竞争力的
competitor n. 比赛者；对手
[即学即用]
(1)Our school will send you to compete in the election. We are sure
that you will be more competitive than the other competitors.
我们学校将派你去参加竞选。

我们确信你比其他的竞争者都更有竞争力。

(2)The students competed for the honour of winning with each other
in the school sports meeting.
校运动会上，学生们为了比赛胜利的荣耀而竞争。

(3)Several publishers are_competing in the same market.
几家出版公司正在同一市场上进行竞争。

(4)The young tennis player has often competed against/with famous
players, but so far he has always been beaten.
那位年轻的网球运动员常与著名球员对抗比赛，可是到目前为止，他总是输。

(5)What a pity! This is the second time that he has_competed_for the
gold medal and missed it.
真遗憾啊！这是他第二次竞争金牌，结果又失之交臂了。

2 basis n. [C]基础；根据
( 教材P10)There are two main sets of Games—the Winter and the
Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis.
运动会主要有两种：冬季奥运会和夏季奥运会。

它们都是每四年定期举行一次。

(1)on a regular basis 定期的；例行的；有规律的
on the basis of 在……的基础上；根据
(2)basic adj. 基本的；基础的
basically adv. 基本地；总的说来
(3)base v. 把……放在基座上；以……为基地
base oneself/sth. on/upon sth.
使……建立在……基础上
be based on 基于，以……为基础
[即学即用]
(1)He never received the Nobel Prize, because his theory has no
scientific basis.
他从没有获得过诺贝尔奖，因为他的理论没有科学依据。

(2)Past experience indicates that it is difficult to do well in this
course if you do not attend class on a regular basis.
过去的经验表明，如果你不持续上课，你很难把这门课学好。

(3)Based_on (＝On the basis of) what I saw, I'd say he will be a good
leader.
根据我所见到的，我认为他会是一个好领导。

(4)Basing the film on a true story, he successfully moved the audience
to tears.
把一个真实的故事拍成了电影，他成功地打动了观众们。

(5)The book written by my father follows four characters, loosely
based_on my uncles.
我父亲写的那本书描述了4 个角色，大致上以我的几个叔叔为原型。

3 admit vt. & vi. 容许；承认；接纳
( 教材P10)Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for
their event will be admitted as competitors.
只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。

(1)be admitted as...被接受为……
be admitted to/into 被准许进入……
admit sth./doing sth. 承认某事/做过某事
admit that 承认……
It is/was admitted that 普遍认为……
(2)admission n．(学校、会场、俱乐部等)进入许可，
加入许可；承认，坦白；入场费
[即学即用]
(1)Up till now, admission to college is by exam only. If you cannot
pass the exam, you will not be admitted into college.
到目前为止，进入大学只能通过考试。

如果你不能通过考试，那么你就不会被大学录取。

(2)He admitted his mistake and corrected it before it was too late.
他承认了自己的错误并且及时改正了错误。

(3)Our football team decided to admit him as one of the members.
我们足球队决定接受他为本队队员。

(4)He was_admitted_into college 4 years ago and next month he will
graduate from college.
四年前他被大学录取，下个月他就要大学毕业了。

(5)Philip openly admitted having (have) an alcohol (酒精) problem
and he was not admitted to/into the drivers' club.
菲利普公开承认自己有酒瘾，因此没有被驾驶人俱乐部接纳为会员。

4 responsibility n. 责任；职责
( 教材P10)It's a great responsibility but also a great honour to be
chosen.
被选中不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。

(1)have/take responsibility for... 对……有/负责任
(2)responsible adj.有责任的；应负责任的
be responsible for sth./sb. 对某事物/某人负责
[即学即用]
(1)It was his responsibility for foreign affairs that gained him
international prestige.
他在负责处理外交事务的过程中赢得了国际声望。

(2)Smoking is responsible for many causes of lung cancer.
吸烟是许多人患肺癌的原因。

(3)The teacher said he would take full responsibility for the safety of
his students.
老师说他会对学生的安全负全责的。

(4)Global warming was one of the many factors
(which/that_were)responsible_for the worst flooding in decades.
全球变暖是造成这次近几十年来最严重的洪水泛滥的诸多因素之一。

(5)I think it is the young passenger rather than the driver that is
responsible_for the accident.
我认为是这位年轻的乘客而不是司机该对这次事故负责任。

5 replace vt. 取代；替换；代替；放回
(教材P10)So even the olive wreath has been replaced!
所以就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！
(1)replace A with/by B用B 替换A
(2)take the place of 代替，取代(动词短语)
in place of 代替，取代(介词短语)
instead of 代替；而不是(介词短语)
[即学即用]
(1)I'm sure nothing can replace Mother's love and care in the world,
and even money or power cannot, either.
我确信世界上没有什么可以代替母亲的爱和关怀，甚至金钱和权力也不能。

(2)She carefully replaced the china plate on the shelf.
她小心翼翼地把瓷盘放回到架子上。

(3)The tradition of giving out red envelopes
is_being_gradually_replaced by digital red envelopes that are distributed
on mobile phones.
给红包的传统正在逐渐被手机上发的电子红包所取代。

(4)With industrial robots replacing humans in more and more jobs,
many workers begin to worry about their future.
随着工业机器人在越来越多的工作中取代了人类，许多工人开始担心他们的未来。

(5)The girl looked up. In_place_of tears, there was the beginning of a
smile.
女孩抬起头来看了看，逐渐破涕为笑。

1 take part in 参加
(教材P9)Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games?
谁不能参加古代奥运会？
take part参加
take an active part in 积极参加
play an important part in 扮演重要角色；起重要作用
(1)He takes an active part in the social benefit activities.
他积极参加社会公益活动。

(2)Friends play an important part in our lives.
朋友在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。

(3)A reception was held the other day, but few people took part.
几天前举行了一次招待会，但是参加的人不多。

2 stand for 代表；象征；支持
(教材P9)What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for?
奥运会会旗上的五环代表什么？
stand by袖手旁观；支持
stand out 显眼，引人注目；突出
stand up 起立；站得住脚
[即学即用]
(1)I will stand for you whatever you decide to do.
无论你决定做什么我都会支持你。

(2)You cannot stand by and allow such a thing to happen.
你不能袖手旁观，听任这样的事发生。

(3)Her bright red hair made her stand out from the others.
她那亮红色的秀发使她格外显眼。

3
every＋基数词＋复数名词或every＋序数词＋单数名词，表示“每多少时间/距离或每隔多少时间/距离”
(教材P10)．..and both are held every four years on a regular basis.
……这两种运动会都是每四年定期举行一次。

every other＋单数名词每隔一……；每两……
every few＋复数名词每隔几……
(1)We have a reading lesson every two days.
＝We have a reading lesson every second day.
我们每隔一天上一次阅读课。

(2)We have a slide show every other week.
我们每隔一周观看一次幻灯片。

(3)He stopped and turned around every few metres.
他每走几米就停下来向四周看一看。

1
I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece”and I used to write
about the Olympic Games a long time ago.
我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。

我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。

what you call “Ancient Greece”是what 引导的宾语从句，它在句
中充当介词in 的宾语。

其中what 又在句中作call 的宾语，意为“……
的地方”。

(1)In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America.
1492 年哥伦布到达了现在被称作美洲大陆的地方。

(2)At last we came to what is called “Tibet”．
＝At last we came to a place that/which is called “Tibet”．
最后我们来到了被称为“西藏”的地方。

2
It's in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races，
together with swimming，sailing and all the team sports.
跑步、游泳、划船和所有团体项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。

本句中It's...that...为强调句型。

1强调句型的基本结构：
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子的其他部分.
2强调句的一般疑问句：
Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋句子的其他部分？
3强调句的特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子的其他部分？
(1)It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday.
昨天，他正是在这家商店买的这本书。

(2)It was yesterday that he bought the book in this shop.
他是在昨天在这家商店买的这本书。

(3)Was it last night that the earthquake occurred?
地震是在昨天晚上发生的吗？
(4)Where_was_it_that the 23rd Winter Olympic Games took place?
第23 届冬季奥运会是在哪里举行的？
[名师点津]until 引导的时间状语从句可以用在强调句型中，其结构为It is/was not until...that...。

(5)It_was_not_until_he_came_back_that I knew the truth.
直到他回来我才知道了真相。

3
Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in
gymnastics, athletics, team sports and...
妇女不仅允许参加，而且还在体操、竞技和团体等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
(1)句中“not only...but...”结构意为“不仅……，而且……”，其中but
后省略了also。

①The British and the Americans not only speak the same language
but (also) share a large number of social customs.
英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。

(2)not only...but (also)．..连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词
的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。

②Not only the students but also the teacher was (be) against the plan.
不但学生们反对这个计划，这个老师也反对。

时，not only 所在的分句需使用部分倒装。

③Not only does the sun give us light, but also it gives us heat.
太阳给我们提供光与热．
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1 ．One of the volunteers (volunteer) for the rescue work injured himself when helping others.
2．It was when I arrived home that I realized I had left my key in the office.
3．After many days' voyage, they arrived in what is called Africa now.
4．Working in such a competitive (compete) industry, I've sometimes thought, “I can't do this any more.”
5．I can't stand going (go) out in rush hours.
6 ．The local government should not ignore its responsibility (responsible) or turn a blind eye to the problem.
7．All the old computers in village schools will be_replaced (replace)
with new ones.
8 ．News came from the school office that Wang Lin had been_admitted (admit) to Beijing University.
9．Taking (take) part in outdoor activities benefits our health.
10．Tom, as well as his friends, is (be) going to visit the exhibition next week.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．Apart from English, he has a good command of Russian as_well (也)．
2 ．The government plans to bring in new laws forcing parents to take_more_responsibility_for (为……承担更多的责任) the education of their children.
3．Not only Lucy but also her family are_fond_of_travelling (喜欢旅
行) around the world.
4．We need_some_volunteers_to_rescue (需要一些志愿者去营救) the trapped workers.
5 ．Generally speaking, our parents hope that we can take_an_active_part_in (积极参加) outdoor activities.。