八年级第一到第三单元

Unit 1 Encyclopedia
Part 1: Vocabulary
中文英文词形转换笔记百科全书encyclopedia n.
人的human adj.
恐龙dinosaur n.
意大利人Italian n.
发明家inventor n
音乐家musician n.
科学家scientist n.
出生born v.
乡村country n.
才智，智慧intelligence n.
有艺术天赋的artistic adj.
才能，能力ability
可能，大概perhaps adj.
发明invention n.
笔记本notebook n.
包括，包含include v.
甚至even adv.
然而however adv.
突然，忽然suddenly adv.
没有人nobody pron.
化石fossil n.
获胜win v.
元dollar n.
在乡村in the country
人human being
灭绝die out
了解（到），弄清find out
去散步go for a walk
文章，物品，冠词article
印象impression n.
魔法,有魔力的magic n.adj.
知识knowledge n.
积极的, 正面的positive adj.
消极的，负面的negative adj.
吸引人的事物attraction n.
结尾ending n.
羊毛wool n.
Part 2: Text
Look it up
Here are two articles from an encyclopedia.
Da Vinci, Leonardo
Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.
Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art)
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big
as elephants. Some could even fly.
Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.
Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils.(See Earth history)
Part 3: Phrases
1. 了解know about / learn about
know a lot /a little / little about
2. 关于look 的短语look(it/them) up look after look like /look as if
look around look for look over
look into look through look out
look down upon/on sb look forward to doing
3.写篇关于。

的文章write an article on / about sth
4. 画画do some painting
5. 从很小的时候from an early age
在某人。

岁时at the age of …/ when …/ in one‘s twenties(thirties…)
6. 显示。

天赋show one‘s intelligence
展示。

给某人show sb sth = show sth to sb
be on show show off show up show sb around
7. 变老grow older
感官动词（look, smell, taste, sound , feel）+ 形容词（比较级）
2b: be, become 3g: go , get, grow 1t: turn
1k: keep 1m: make 2s: seem, stay
变得越来越强壮get stronger and stronger
变得越来越聪明become more and more intelligent
越多越好the more… the better
8.学习做某事learn to do sth
向某人学习learn …from sb
9.关于famous的短语be famous (known / well-known) for
be famous as / be famous in / be famous to
10. invent Edison was an inventor, he invented many inventions.
11. include My family includes three people, including my father, my mother and
me. / my father, my mother and me included.
12. interest It interests me a lot, so I show great interest in it.
It is very interesting, I am interested in it.
13. 和。

一样肯否：as+ 形容词/ 副词原级+ as
否：not so … as
*** as soon as possible / as quickly as I can
as much …as / as many…as
as far as…/ as long as …/ as well as…
twice as big as…
14. another & other other + 复数名词another + 单数名词(三个或以上任意一个)
*** another two days / two other days / two more days
one… the other & one… the other(four…)
some…others = some + (名复。

)… other + (名复。

)
some… the others
比较：SZ is bigger than any city in Korea.
SZ is bigger than any other city in China.
one another = each other
from one to another
every other day / week / year
the other day = a few days ago
15. million A few million people & millions of people
thousands of millions of 千千万万
dozens of / scores of / hundreds of / thousands of …
16. die 灭绝die out
死于（）die of (disease , illness, fever, cancer…)
死于（）die from (accident, earthquake…)
He is dying. / He died just now, so now he is a dead man.
I am happy at his death.
17. 不定代词Nobody knows why. (一般情况下，不定代词视为单三)
Nobody= not…anybody = no one
something important / nothing interesting 不定代词+ 形容词
both A and B / neither …nor
all of…/ none of…
either …or
some用语肯定句，any 用语否定句，疑问句，但表请求征求意见邀
请时，仍用some
Would you like some water?
*** 当表任何时，any 也可以用语肯定句
Any color will do.
*****a little / little & a few / few
such a nice girl = so nice a girl
so much / many / little / few
so little a girl = such a little girl
so little water
拓展：Everyone knows it, doesn‘t he? / don‘t they?
Everything is ready, isn‘t it?
18. why why = what for
19. come come out of come out
come into being come up with
come over /round come to an end
come to nothing
20. use used to do
be used to doing / get used to doing
use sth to do …./ 被动：be used to do
be used for …
make use of …
It is no use doing sth
use up
21. remember Remember to do sth / remember doing sth
反：forget to do / forget doing sth
22. 其他…what else do you know about it? / who else…/ where else…
*** He is taller than anyone else in our class.
His spoken English is better than anyone else‘s in our class.
23. 关于找look for & find & find out
24. through The River Thames flows through London.
I learn to speak through speaking.
They worked through night.
go through / be wet through
区分：through & across & over
though & by
25. 花时间做。

(人)spend time/money (in) doing sth
(人)spend time/money on sth
It takes sb time to do sth
物cost 某人钱
(人) pay for
26. 处理What did Tommy do with the monkey?
= How did Tommy deal with the monkey?
27. 发生。

Can you tell what happened to him?
Can you tell me what was wrong with him?
Can you tell me what was the matter with him?
28. 一种、很多种 a type of / types of
29. 爬上。

climb up to
30. 包含consist of / be made up of
31. 在。

顶部at the top of / 反：at the bottom of
32. order order sb to sth
put sth in order / put the words in alphabetic order
be out of order
I was born on March,24th,2012.
33.我出生在2012年3
月24日。

34. 倒装句：Here comes the bus. / Here it comes. (代词中间摆，名词后面甩)
eg: There goes the bell . / Here you are .
Part four: Grammar
some (---) & any (---)
① some, any可用单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。

some一段用于肯定句中，any一般
用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。

I have some science books. 我有一些科技书。

（some在肯定句中译为一些）
I haven‘t any money. Do you have any? 我一分钱都没有。

你有（钱吗）？
*** not … any = no … (any在否定句、问句中不须译出来)
②some, any与–thing, -body, -one构成的合成词的用法与some, any一样.注意something, anything, nothing三者跟形容词时，形容词要放在它们的后面。

I don‘t k now anything about it. (= I know nothing about it.)
Anybody can do it.
③在疑问句中，一般不用some，只有当问句表示一种邀请或请求，或期待一个肯定的回答时，才能用some.
Will you have some tea? (表邀请)
Did somebody call me this morning?
注意：Is there anything to eat? 有什么好吃的吗？（不知有没有，只是问一问）Is there something is eat? 有一些吃的吧？（希望，而且断定会有）
④在否定句中，some表示半否定，any表示全否定。

I don‘t know some of you. 我只认识你们中的一些人。

I don‘t know any of you. 你们，我一个也不认识。

⑤ some用于单数可数名词前时，表示―某个‖，而不是―一些‖。

There must be some reason for what he‘s done.
知识点补充：方位介词
Exercise
Part 1 : Vocabulary
根据句子意思，用所给词的正确形式填空。

1. Tom is an _______, that is, he comes from______, he speaks ________(Italy).
2. Edison was one of the most famous _________in the world, he ___________many great __________ years ago(invent).
3. A _______is a person who plays _________instrument as his hobby or job.(music)
4. A number of great __________(science) won the Nobel prize.
5. We Chinese love to make friends with people from different___________(country).
6. He is such an __________ person that he is always ahead of his competitors , he is
always thinking____________(intelligence).
7. Kate , just do it! Because you have so much___________, and I believe that you are much _____________than any other student in your class.(intelligent)
8. Vincent Van Gogh is artistic, while Davinci is far __________in my mind(artistic).
9. I believe that you have the _________(able) to pass the examination.
10. We should try our best to help the ___________, because they are __________to
solve some difficult problems.(able)
11. The books here _________(include) some of my favorite ones.
12. Some animals,________ dinosaurs, crocodiles are very fierce. (include)
13. Though those topics are very important , they are not _______in this unit(include).
14. __________, it began to rain heavily.(sudden)
15. All of a __________, they began to shout excitedly.(suddenly)
16. Is there___________special in today‘s newspaper?(something)
17. would you like ___________coffee? No , thanks, I‘ve had enough.(some)
18. Jim was _________in 2000(bear).
19. They _________the game yesterday, so they were ________(win).
20. She spends a few___________on books every month.(dollar)
21. I ________Jack walking alone in the street last night, he seemed rather sad.(find)
22. My father _________his company at the age of 20.(found)
23. I like reading encyclopedia, it can give us much ___________(know)
24. There are many famous _________in China, they are all very _________(attract).
25. I hope the boy and the girl will have a good ____________(end)
26. Winter is very cold ,we can wear _________sweater to keep warm.(wool)
27. Do you want to ride the __________horse?(wood)
28. A plane is just like a __________bird(fly).
29. Lucy hold the view that reading is _______, yet I think it is quite _________(use)
30. The old woman is very ill, she is ________. But a few minutes ago, she ________,
so now she is a ________woman, I am quite sad at her _________.(die)
Part 2: Text revision
Look it up
Here are two articles ________ an encyclopedia.
Da Vinci, Leonardo
Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an _________ painter, ________, _______, engineer and scientist.
Da Vinci______ ______ in the countryside. _______ ______ ______ _______, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he _______ _______, he _______ _______ ______many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks ________ some interesting drawings of_______ machines. (See Art)
Dinosaur
Dinosaur lived on Earth_______ _______ 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaur were_______ ______ _______chickens. _______ were as big as elephants. Some could _______ fly.
Many dinosaur ate plants. ________, some dinosaur_______ _______ eat meat.
Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all _______ ______. Nobody______ why. However, we can _______ _______ them from their fossils.(See Earth history)
Part 3: Phrases
A: 英汉互译
1. 查字典21. 两者都
2. 期望做某事22. 两者都不
3. 了解23. 要么。

要么
4. 写关于。

的文章24. 过去常做。

5. 画画25. 习惯于做。

6. 展示。

给某人看26. 用。

去做。

7. 在某人。

岁时27. 被用去做。

8. 变得越来越高28. 记得去做某事
9. 向某人学习29. 忘记做过某事
10. 因为。

而出名30. 其他。

11. 对。

感兴趣31. （内部）穿过
12. 和。

一样32. （表面）横过
13. 一个。

另一个33. 人花时间做某事
14. 一些。

另一些34. 我不知道怎么处理它？
15. 另外三天35. 发生
16. 成百上千36. 包含
17. 灭绝37. 喜欢做某事（一时）
18. 死于（疾病，饥饿）39. 超过
19. 一只死猫40. 帮助某人做某事
20. 一些令人兴奋的事情41. 在。

的最后
B. 综合运用
( )1. There is _______ ―u‖ in the word ―build‖ and_______ ―h‖ in _______ ―hour‖
A. an, an, the
B. a , an, /
C. a, a; an
D. an, a; an
( )2. _______ Friday morning, we will have an English test.
A. In
B. On
C. At
D. After
( )3. I don‘t think he __________ swim across the r iver.
A. is able to
B. is able not to
C. isn‘t able
D. can‘t
( )4. If you don‘t know the meaning of this word, you can in a dictionary.
A. look for it
B. look it for
C. look up it
D. look it up ( )5. I need some mon ey. I‘m going to ________ the newspaper for a part-time job.
A. look for
B. look through
C. look at
D. look after ( )6. Look at the finger shadow. It _________ a bird.
A. likes
B. is liking
C. look like
D. looks like ( )7. ---Jay Chou will give a concert in our city next month. Are you ______in it?
---Of course. I am ______it.
A. interesting; looking after
B. interested; looking forward to
C. interested; listening to
D. interesting; looking forward to
( )8. If you don‘t know the word, please _______ its meaning in the dictionary.
A. look for
B. find
C. find out
D. read
( )9. I asked Lily for paper, but she didn‘t have .
A. any; some
B. any; any
C. some; any
D. some; some ( )10. ---- How many of you have been to Shanghai? --- ___________.
A. No one
B. Nobody
C. None
D. Neither ( )11. Can you give me __________ to eat? I am very hungry.
A. anything
B. something
C. everything
D. a lot of things
( )12. Is there ________ in today‘s newspaper?
A. else anything
B. else‘s anything
C. anything else
D. something else
( ) 13.When ________ happens, we will remember it well.
A.dramatic something
B. something dramatic
C.anything dramatic
D. dramatic anything
( )14. The telephone rang and __________ was Mary.
A. she
B. he
C. this
D. it
( )15. She writes as as her sister.
A. careful
B. more careful
C. carefully
D. most carefully ( )16. Changjiang River is __________ as Yellow River.
A. the same length
B. not the same length
C. the same long
D. not the same long
( )17. Mr Black bought ________ Mr White last month.
A.as much plastic as
B.as many milk as
C.as much apples as
D.as much tins as
( )18. If you want to learn English well, you must read or speak English_______.
A. as much as you can
B. as many as you can
C. as much as want D . as many as possible
( )19. When we talk with other people, we should speak _____________ .
A. as polite as possible
B. as politely as possible
C. so polite as possible
D. so politely as possible ( )20.—Do the Americans eat__________the Chinese?
---No. They eat__________the Chinese.
A. as much meat as; twice more than
B. as many meat as; more than twice
C. as much meat as; twice as many as
D. as many meat as; twice as much as
( )21. Look! The baby _____ happily now because he _____ you are his friends.
A. similes；is knowing
B. is smiling; is knowing
C. is smiling; knows
D. smiles; knows
( )22. Books give us knowledge and make us ________ happy.
A. feeling
B. feel
C. feels
D. felt
( )23．________ are going to see him tomorrow.
A. You and I
B. I and you
C. I and he
D. He and I ( )24.The earth belongs to ____________
and all the animals
B.we and all the animals .
C.all the animals and we D .all the animals and us
( )25. I agree with him _________. Some of his points are right.
A. in the way
B. on the way
C. in a way
D. by the way
( )26. Our memory gets better if something dramatic happens ________ us.
A. for
B. to
C. at
D. with
( )27. ―We must be ____ to others.‖ the teacher said ______ to us.
A. politely, polite
B. politely, politely
C. polite, politely
D. polite, polite ( )28. --- What do you think of the book?
--- It's worth reading. I am ______ at the ______ stories in it.
A. amazed; amazed
B. amazing; amazing
C. amaze; amazing
D. amazing; amazed
( )29.Sun Yat—sen ________ the Chinese Republic in 1911
A. found
B.founded
C. finded
D.founds ( )30. His grandfather died _______ hunger.
A. about
B. from
C. of
D. on
( )31.The _____ fish _______ from pollution.
A.dead ,dead
B.died,died C .died,dead D.dead,died ( )32. The great scientist ___________ for more than 26 years.
A. died
B. dead
C. has died
D. has been dead ( )33.---The cake looks_________---Yes，and it tastes even________ A．well，good B.nice，better C．good, worse D．better,best ( )34. Sorry, I can‘t answer your question. I know ______ about the news.
A. a little
B. little
C. few
D. a few ( )35. The man is a good manager. He can do job with ___ money and ___ people.
A. more, more
B. less, fewer
C. little, a few
D. fewer, little ( )36. My sister is four. My brother is five years than I . He is of us three.
A. older, older, oldest
B. elder, elder, eldest
C. older, elder, the eldest
D. elder, older, the oldest
( )37. -----How did you feel your visit to your hometown?
-----I enjoyed it much. It was ______________ than I thought.
A. far more interesting
B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting
D. a lot of interesting
( )38. __________ you get up, __________ you‘ll have to catch the first bus.
A. The earlier, more time
B. The earliest, the most time
C. The earlier, the more time
D. The most earliest , most time ( )39. China is lager than ____________ in Asia.
A. any other countries
B. any other country
C. any country
D. any countries
( )40. Stop _________ and _________ the teacher carefully, won‘t you?
A. to talk, listen to
B. talking, listen
C. talking, listen to
D. to talk, listen
( )41. I‘m not full now. I want to eat _________.
A. more two eggs
B. two more eggs
C. two eggs more
D. eggs two more
( )42. Nobody ______ Tony _______ his homework. He does it on his own.
A. lets, does
B. helps, do
C. helps, doing
D. makes, to do ( )43. It‘s kind ______ you ______ help me ______ my housework.
A. of, to, to
B. for, for, to do
C. of, of, to
D. of, to, with ( )44. You‘d better go and ______ your classmate _____ your impolite words.
A. apology to, of
B. apologize to, of
C. apology to, for
D. apologize to, for ( )45. Your hair needs ___________.
A. to cut
B. cut
C. to be cutting
D. cutting
( )46. We went to Xiaomeisha by bus. I sat _________ the bus.
A. in the front of
B. in front of
C. before
D. after ( )47. Anne ran ___________ the road and arrived___________ the bus –stop.
A. cross, in
B. through, at
C. across, at
D. on, in
( )48. I am surprised that the foreigner has __________ knowledge of Chinese.
A. so many
B. such much
C. so much
D. such many ( )49. Mike __________ and I __________ at home yesterday afternoon.
A. did some swimming…went to cleaning
B. did swimming…went some cleaning
C. went to swimming…did some cleaning
D. went swimming…did some cleaning
( )50. I _______ up late，but I _______ to bed early since it is good for my health.
A. used to staying，am used to going
B. used to stay，am used to going
C. used to stay，am used to go
D. used to staying，am used to go ( )51. Charles hates _____ up early, but he likes ______ up early this morning
because he has an important appointment at 8 a.m. with his girlfriend.
A. to get…to get
B. getting…to get
C. getting…getting
D. to get…getting
( )52. China is one of the biggest _____ the world. It is also a great count ____ a long history.
A. country in, of
B. country of, with
C. countries in, with
D. countries, of, of
( )53. This bicycle is _______ expensive for me _______buy
A. so, that
B. too, that
C. so, too
D. too, to ( )54. ---- Must I finish the work this week?
--- No, you ____, you can finish it in half a month.
A. mustn‘t
B. needn‘t
C. can‘t
D. shouldn‘t ( )55. — Shenzhen is small but ___________ of people are living there.
—What‘s worse, people throw away over two _____bo ttles here every year.
A. millions; billion
B. millions; billions of
C. million; billion
D. million; billion
of
( ). 56He walked across _____________ bridge and then he met that old man.
A. a 800 metre long
B. a 800-metre-long
C. an 800-metre-long
D. an 800-metres-long
( )57. The TV set _____ me over 2, 000 yuan last year, but now you can _____ only 1, 000 yuan for it.
A. cost, take
B. took, pay
C. cost, pay
D. took, take ( )58. ---- How soon will you finish the work?
----- I think it ___________ me five hours ___________ it.
A. takes, to finish
B. takes, finishing
C. will take, to finish
D. will take, finishing
( )59. China is famous _____ancient country and it is famous _____ china and silk.
A. of,as
B. as, for
C. for, as
D. in, for
( )60. How __________ is it? It‘s about ten __________ walk.
A. far, minutes‘
B. far, minute‘s
C. long, minutes
D. long, minutes‘s
( )61 --- sir, I _______ my homework at home.
--- It doesn‘t matter. Don‘t _______ it here tomorrow.
A. forgot, forget bringing
B. left, forget to bring
C. forgot, forgetting to bring
D. left, forget bringing
( )62---When I returned, I found the door half _____.
--- But, I remember _____ the door when I left this morning.
A. opened; to lock
B. open; locking
C. opened; locking
D. open; to look
( )63. I looked ______ at him, but he wasn‘t ______.
A. angry, angry
B. angry, angrily
C. angrily, angry
D. angrily, angrily
( )64. _________he‘s thin, __________he is pretty healthy.
A. Although, /
B. Although, but
C. /, /
D. /, so
( )65. I‘ve got ___ work to do on a ____ cold day.
A. much too; much too
B. too much; too much
C. too much; much too
D. much too; too much
( ) 66. ____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are____teachers.
A. A number of; women
B. A number of; woman
C. The number of; women
D. The number of; woman
( )67. __________a computer can store!
A. What useful information
B. What an information
C. How great information
D. How great an information
( )68. I‘m going to do some cleaning__________ next week.
bbbA. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time
( )69. I really don‘t know if Mr. Zhang________ tomorrow. If he _______, I will tell him the news.
A. will come, comes
B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come
D. comes, comes
( )70. When you go to the grassland in summer, you can see__________ there. Then next spring, __________are sent to__________.
A. millions of sheeps, bags of wools, factorys
B. million of sheeps, bag of wool, factorys
C. millions of sheep, bags of wool, factories
D. million sheep, bag of wool, factories
( )71. I don‘t feel ________ to do some cooking.
A. enough well
B. well enough
C. too well
D. so well
( )72. Liuxiang is ____ that he won the gold medal for the 110m hurdles IN Athens.
A. such good a runner
B. so good runner
C. such a good runner
D. so good a runner
( )73. Our teacher, Miss Tian, told us that the earth __________ around the sun.
A. moved
B. move
C. moves
D. was moving ( )74. The clock has three hands. One is short, _________ are long.
A. other
B. the others
C. others
D. the other ( )75.—I have got only one shoe here. Where is _______ one, mom?
---See that house______ the river? Go _______ the bridge and _____ the crowd, and look for it near the house.
A.another/cross/through/across
B. other/through/through/across
C. the other/across/across/through
D. others/cross/across/through ( )76. -----Would you like_______ apples?----- _______, please.
A. some more/Another two
B. any more/ More two
C. another/ Two more
D. some/Other
( )77. This is not the only answer to the question. There are________. Give me ______piece of paper and I will show you.
A. the others/another
B. others/the other
C. another/Two more
D. others/another
( )78. We have ten foreign students in our school. One is from America, ______ is from Australia and all _______ students are from England.
A. another/ the others
B. one/ another
C. another/ the other
D. others/ other
C. 翻译.
1. 我不知道这个单词的意思，我必须要查下字典。

_____________________________________________________________________ 2. Jack 听课不如Tom 认真。

_____________________________________________________________________ 3. Jerry 已经去过很多国家旅行，包括意大利，德国和法国。

____________________________________________________________________ 4. 以前我经常在饭后陪我奶奶散步。

____________________________________________________________________ 5. 我奶奶已经超过90岁了。

____________________________________________________________________ 6. 上个星期天，30个人死于交通事故.
____________________________________________________________________ 7. 科学家们一直试图找到恐龙突然灭绝的原因.
____________________________________________________________________ 8. 在我看来，电脑是这世界上最智慧的发明之一。

____________________________________________________________________ 9. 你已经习惯中国北方冬天寒冷的天气了吗？
____________________________________________________________________ 10. 请问你能帮那个老人搬下那重盒子吗？
____________________________________________________________________ 11. Lily一直在寻找她的笔记本，但没找到。

____________________________________________________________________ 12. 今天的报纸上没什么有意思的，我对它不感兴趣.
____________________________________________________________________.
13. 你能告诉我我该怎么处理这个问题吗？
____________________________________________________________________ 14. Kitty 仍记得去年见过我？
_____________________________________________________________________ 15. Langlang 将会在这个月末来我们学校访问.
____________________________________________________________________.
Part 4: Writing
A: 小明和小华是在“手拉手”活动中结成的一对学习伙伴。

前不久，小名来信向小华询问如何学好英语。

请你以小华的名义给他写封信。

内容包括：
（1）学习英语的基本方法（listen carefully; speak much; read widely;
learn …by heart; practi se writing; …）；
（2）你的体会和其他建议。

词数：80词左右。

信的开头与结尾以为你写好，不计入总词数。

B: 根据下面的提示写一篇介绍长城的短文。

（1）长城又叫万里长城，长约6000公里，宽4-5米，高6-7米；
（2）很多人都会问在没有任何现代机械的情况下，人们是怎样建筑长城的；
（3）今天长城已成为名胜古迹，许多人来长城游览；
（4）词数：80词左右。

Unit 2 Numbers
Part 1: Vocabulary
中文词汇词形转换
数字number n.
指示，命令instructions n.
检查，核实check v.
克gram n.
儿子son n.
国际象棋chess n.
印度India n.
充满智慧的wise adj.
向某人挑战challenge v.
许诺，承诺promise v.
奖赏，奖品prize n.
谷粒grain n.
国际象棋棋盘chessboard n.
使加倍double v.
数量，数额amount n.
剩余部分rest n.
金子，黄金gold n.
代替，顶替instead adv.
意识到，认识到realize v.
抄写copy v.
准确无误地correctly adv.
交通traffic n.
交通事故accident n.
向某人挑战challenge to
等等and so on
抄写copy down
小数的decimal adj.
奇数的odd adj.
分数fraction n.
加plus prep.
从……减去subtract v.
减minus prep.
乘multiply v.
乘times prep.
除，除以divide v.
度，度数degree n.
百分数percentage n.
偶数的even adj.
等于equal v.
Part 2: Text revision
The king and the rice
A long time ago, there was a king in India. The king‘s favorite game was chess.
One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. The king promised the old man,‖ You can have any prize if you win the game.‖The old man said, ‖If I win the win game, I ‗d like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.‖
―Is that all?‖ asked the king. ―Would n‘t you like gold or silver instead?‖
―No, just rice,‖ replied the old man.
The king and the old man played the game for a long time. Finally, the old man won. So the king ordered his men to collect a bag of rice. He put one grain on the first square, two on the second, and so on. The king quickly realized the problem---even with all the rice in the country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares!
Part 3: Phrases
1. 这有There be
/ there will be / there is (are) going to be …
/ there was / were…(就近原则)
*** neither…nor / either…or / not only…but also…
2. 向某人挑战challenge sb to…
3. if的用法 a. I don‘t know if he will come tomorrow.
b. My father told me that he would come back tomorrow.
c. My father told me that the sun rises in the east.
d. I don‘t know if he will come, if he comes, I will tell you.
4. win & beat & defeat win + 奖项，比赛(prize,award,game, competition)
beat + 人、队
defeat : 打败，被打败
5. promise promise(sb) to do
make a promise & keep one‘s promise
6. 一粒谷one grain of…
7. amount a large amount of+ 不可数名词（谓语单数）
large amounts of+名词（谓语为复数）
8. each & every Each of my eyes is painful. Every of…( F)
Each man carries his bag. Every one of…(T)
Each carries his bag. Not…every…
We each have our own office. Every three days
9. the …of…The rest of bananas_________(be) rotten.
The rest of a babana_________(be)rotten.
10. instead instead of + 名词、Ving / in place of (句中) / instead (句中，末)
11. order 命令某人做某事:
把。

有顺序的放好：
12. enough big enough / quickly enough enough money
enough …to do
*** too …to / so…that / not…enough to …
13. put 穿上：put on put on weight 增重
延期，推迟：put off 熄灭：put out
收走：put away 张贴,举起；推举，：put up
14. sure 确实，毫无疑问for sure 确信，证实make sure
15. advise & advice advise sb to do
ask for some advice / suggestions
*** suggest doing sth
suggest that + (从句) He suggested that Kate should study hard.
16. look look happy / look at …happily
look well
17. teacher teach sb sth = teach sth to sb
teach oneself = learn by oneself
teach sb how to do sth
18. agree agree to do / agree with sb / agree on sth
agree + 宾语从句
19.nothing but 结构I can see nothing but an empty field
We can do nothing but wait.
We can say nothing but to follow his advice.
20. 宾语从句(1) 引导词
陈述句：that
I think (that) he will come to see us tomorrow.
一般疑问句：if / whether。