外科感染中医本优秀课件

long-term antibiotic administration causes the inhibition or disappearance of sensitive bacteria,
insensitive or tolerated bacteria take the chance of magnanimous propagation,
外科感染中医本
外科感染
Surgical infection
海南医学院临床学院外科教研室 吴幸
一、Байду номын сангаас的与要求
（一）熟悉外科感染的发生、发展和防治 原则；全身性外科感染的病因、临床表现 和诊治；外科应用抗菌药的原则。
（二）了解外科感染的分类、诊断；破伤 风的病因、临床表现和诊治。
（三）学会疖、痈、皮下急性蜂窝织炎、 丹毒、浅部急性淋巴结炎和淋巴管炎、甲 沟炎和指头炎的诊断和治疗。
William Stewart Halsted
An American surgeon who emphasized strict aseptic technique during surgical procedures, was an early champion of newly discovered anesthetics, and introduced several new operations, including the radical mastectomy for breast cancer.
2. 慢性（Chronic）(> 2 months) 3.亚急性（Subacute） (3 weeks----2 months)
三、按发生条件分（ Developmental condition）
Primary directly polluted in wound ➢ Secondary appeared during intention 伤口愈合 ➢ Exogenous 外源性 ➢ Endogenous 内源性
1881–1955
第一节 概论
➢ Conceptions
➢ Infection: The inflamatory reations caused by the invasion,stagnation and propagation of pathogens.
➢ Pathogens: virus, bacteria, fungi, parasite etc
Classifications of SI
一、按病菌种类分
1. 非特异性感染（ nonspecific or pyogenic）
Furuncle, carbuncle, appendicitis etc
2. 特异性感染 （ specific ）difference in pathogens, course, treatment, usually with distinctive pathological changes, such as
tetanus, tuberculosis, gaseous gangrene, anthrax
破伤风 结核
气性坏疽
炭疽
Classifications of SI
二、按病情进展分（ Course length） 1. 急性 （Acute）(< 3 weeks) mostly nonspecific
Joseph Lister (1827 –1912), a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery, who promoted the idea of sterile surgery . Lister successfully introduced carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments and to clean wounds, which led to reducing post-operative infections and made surgery safer for patients.
二、教学内容
（一）重点讲解外科感染的发生、发展和防治原 则；全身性外科感染的病因、临床表现和诊治； 外科应用抗菌药的原则；疖、痈、皮下急性蜂窝 织炎、丹毒、浅部急性淋巴结炎和淋巴管炎、甲 沟炎和指头炎的诊断和治疗。
（二）一般介绍外科感染的分类、诊断；破伤风 的病因、临床表现和诊治。
抗击外科感染的先哲
1852–1922
Sir Alexander Fleming
A Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the discovery of the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mold Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945.
1. Opportunistic infection 条件性 (机会性）感染
非致病菌或低致病力的病原菌乘机侵入体内
opportunist: SE (staph. Epidermidis) 表皮葡萄球菌
EC(Escherichia)
大肠杆菌
2. Superinfection 二重感染 又称为 菌群交替症
➢ Surgical infection: the requirement of surgery,
➢ the most common in sugical diseases (1/3-1/2).
外科感染是指需要 外科治疗的感染， 包括创伤、手术、 烧伤等并发症的感 染。
这类感染临床多见， 需注意防治。