外研版必修3Module4SandstormsinAsia---Grammar不定式教学课件
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Infinitive
• 不定式属于非限定动词。它除了不能作谓 语外，在句中可以充当任何成分，可以作 主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。
• 不定式的时态有：一般式、进行式、完成 式、和完成进行式。当不定式的逻辑主语 是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式就要用 被动情势。
• 不定式一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语所 表示的动作或状态同时（或几乎同时）产 生，或在它之后产生。 主动：to do
4. The man could do nothing but ___w__a_it___
(wait).
5. We have no choice but ___to__w_a_i_t__ (wait).
6. They want nothing but ___t_o_s_u_c_c_e_e_d__
(succeed).
A. going B. to go C. go D. gone
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth., be allowed to do sth., allow doing sth. 。句意：杰克因为把会员卡忘在家里 了，所以他没有被允许进运动俱乐部。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky. （2012 四川）
Check your answers of Exercise 3.
1. It is frightening to be working in the road in a sandstorm. I hope I reach home soon.
2. Experts hope to learn more about the movement of sandstorms.
keys were nowhere.（2009湖南卷）
A. would open
B. opened
C. had opened
D. was to open
【解析】答案D。考查非谓语动词。动词 不定式的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的 时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时 表示将要产生的动作。
David threatened ______ his neighbour to
The work on the house needs to be completed (the work) by the end of the week.
5. It seems that most houses have been destroyed by the storm.
Most houses seem to have been destroyed by the storm.
A. finding
B. to find
C. being found D. to have found
【答案】 B
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：
汤姆乘的士赶到机场，结果只发现他要乘 坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处only后接 动词不定式to do表示意想不到的结果。故 选B。
When he ______ the door, he found his
2. ___ in a heavy rain, Robert fell ill and
couldn’t but ___ for a leave. D
A. Caught, to ask B. Catching, ask
C. Catching, to ask D. Caught, ask
3. He does nothing but ____ta_l_k___ (talk).
3. I’d like to be told about the situation before now.
4. The work needs to be completed by the end of the week.
5. My father was out of the city when the sandstorm came. He was very glad to have missed it.
【答案】D
【解析】it做情势主语，真正的主语是后
面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为
句型：it is +形容词 / 名词 + to do /
that …。当然it也可以做情势宾语，如
find / feel it + to do / that …。
As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed _____ into the sports club. (2012 上海)
I can’t help but love her. 我不禁爱上她。
2. 在连词but之前如有动词do，其后的 不定式不用to，即：do nothing but + 动词原形，译为“只……”；但如果连 词but之前的动词不是do，其后的不定 式一般要带to。
He does nothing but complain. 她什么都不做，只是埋怨。
7. — How did you spend your weekend, Joe?
— I didn’t find anything interesting for me
_D__ some washing instead o did
B. but do
C. but doing
6. The building has to be finished by the end of the year.
7. To see a real sandstorm was very frightening.
Finish the following exercises.
1. I was watching an interesting TV
1. I’m glad to meet you. 2. She invited me to attend the
meeting. 3. The boy is old enough to go to
school.
被动：to be done
1. There was nothing to be done. 2. I’d like to be told what’s going on. 3. Nothing is allowed to be taken
the police if the damages were not paid.
（2009上海卷）
A. to be reported B. reporting
C. to report
D. having reported
【解析】答案C。考查非谓语的用法。 threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事。因为 该句是主动关系所以答案为C
She wished that he was as easy _____ （please）as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. （2009广东卷）
【解析】答案to please。在形容词后作主 补，只能用动词不定式。
out of the reading room.
• 不定式进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语 动词表示的动作同时产生。
主动：to be doing
1. To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.
2. They pretended to be working hard when their boss passed them.
D. but to do
No matter how bright a talker you are,
there are times when it’s better _____
silent. （2012 浙江）
A. remain
B. be remaining
C. having remained D. to remain
1. cannot but, cannot choose but 与 cannot help but 之后的不定式一般都不带to，常 翻译为“不得不”。
I can’t but admire her courage. 我不能不钦佩她的勇气。
He can’t choose but do it. 她只好做这事了。
The workers do nothing but drink tea and talk to each other.
工人们什么都不做，只是喝茶谈天。
He had no choice but to accept the fact. 她别无选择，只有接受事实。
Rewrite the sentences using infinitive structures.
• 不定式完成式所表示的动作在谓语动作所 表示的动作之前产生。
主动：to have done
1. I’m the only person in my family to have been in a sandstorm.
2. He is not likely to have got my letter.
被动：to have been done
1. To have been caught in a sandstorm is a terrible experience.
2. The room was said to have been cleaned.
注意：
在英语学习中常会遇到一些不 带to的不定式。常见的关于不带to 的不定式的用法如下：
program about how to make dinners last
night when electricity was out, and I
couldn’t _D__ to the bed.
A. but going
B. help but to go
C. help going
D. choose but go
1. I’m travelling during a sandstorm. It’s dangerous.
It is dangerous to be traveling during a sandstorm. 2. Experts hope that they XXX learn more about the movement of thunderstorms.
Experts hope to learn more about the movement of thunderstorms.
3. We were told, “Don’t leave the house.”
We were told not to leave the house.
4. The men need to complete the work on the house by the end of the week.
• 不定式属于非限定动词。它除了不能作谓 语外，在句中可以充当任何成分，可以作 主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。
• 不定式的时态有：一般式、进行式、完成 式、和完成进行式。当不定式的逻辑主语 是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式就要用 被动情势。
• 不定式一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语所 表示的动作或状态同时（或几乎同时）产 生，或在它之后产生。 主动：to do
4. The man could do nothing but ___w__a_it___
(wait).
5. We have no choice but ___to__w_a_i_t__ (wait).
6. They want nothing but ___t_o_s_u_c_c_e_e_d__
(succeed).
A. going B. to go C. go D. gone
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth., be allowed to do sth., allow doing sth. 。句意：杰克因为把会员卡忘在家里 了，所以他没有被允许进运动俱乐部。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky. （2012 四川）
Check your answers of Exercise 3.
1. It is frightening to be working in the road in a sandstorm. I hope I reach home soon.
2. Experts hope to learn more about the movement of sandstorms.
keys were nowhere.（2009湖南卷）
A. would open
B. opened
C. had opened
D. was to open
【解析】答案D。考查非谓语动词。动词 不定式的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的 时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时 表示将要产生的动作。
David threatened ______ his neighbour to
The work on the house needs to be completed (the work) by the end of the week.
5. It seems that most houses have been destroyed by the storm.
Most houses seem to have been destroyed by the storm.
A. finding
B. to find
C. being found D. to have found
【答案】 B
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：
汤姆乘的士赶到机场，结果只发现他要乘 坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处only后接 动词不定式to do表示意想不到的结果。故 选B。
When he ______ the door, he found his
2. ___ in a heavy rain, Robert fell ill and
couldn’t but ___ for a leave. D
A. Caught, to ask B. Catching, ask
C. Catching, to ask D. Caught, ask
3. He does nothing but ____ta_l_k___ (talk).
3. I’d like to be told about the situation before now.
4. The work needs to be completed by the end of the week.
5. My father was out of the city when the sandstorm came. He was very glad to have missed it.
【答案】D
【解析】it做情势主语，真正的主语是后
面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为
句型：it is +形容词 / 名词 + to do /
that …。当然it也可以做情势宾语，如
find / feel it + to do / that …。
As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed _____ into the sports club. (2012 上海)
I can’t help but love her. 我不禁爱上她。
2. 在连词but之前如有动词do，其后的 不定式不用to，即：do nothing but + 动词原形，译为“只……”；但如果连 词but之前的动词不是do，其后的不定 式一般要带to。
He does nothing but complain. 她什么都不做，只是埋怨。
7. — How did you spend your weekend, Joe?
— I didn’t find anything interesting for me
_D__ some washing instead o did
B. but do
C. but doing
6. The building has to be finished by the end of the year.
7. To see a real sandstorm was very frightening.
Finish the following exercises.
1. I was watching an interesting TV
1. I’m glad to meet you. 2. She invited me to attend the
meeting. 3. The boy is old enough to go to
school.
被动：to be done
1. There was nothing to be done. 2. I’d like to be told what’s going on. 3. Nothing is allowed to be taken
the police if the damages were not paid.
（2009上海卷）
A. to be reported B. reporting
C. to report
D. having reported
【解析】答案C。考查非谓语的用法。 threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事。因为 该句是主动关系所以答案为C
She wished that he was as easy _____ （please）as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. （2009广东卷）
【解析】答案to please。在形容词后作主 补，只能用动词不定式。
out of the reading room.
• 不定式进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语 动词表示的动作同时产生。
主动：to be doing
1. To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.
2. They pretended to be working hard when their boss passed them.
D. but to do
No matter how bright a talker you are,
there are times when it’s better _____
silent. （2012 浙江）
A. remain
B. be remaining
C. having remained D. to remain
1. cannot but, cannot choose but 与 cannot help but 之后的不定式一般都不带to，常 翻译为“不得不”。
I can’t but admire her courage. 我不能不钦佩她的勇气。
He can’t choose but do it. 她只好做这事了。
The workers do nothing but drink tea and talk to each other.
工人们什么都不做，只是喝茶谈天。
He had no choice but to accept the fact. 她别无选择，只有接受事实。
Rewrite the sentences using infinitive structures.
• 不定式完成式所表示的动作在谓语动作所 表示的动作之前产生。
主动：to have done
1. I’m the only person in my family to have been in a sandstorm.
2. He is not likely to have got my letter.
被动：to have been done
1. To have been caught in a sandstorm is a terrible experience.
2. The room was said to have been cleaned.
注意：
在英语学习中常会遇到一些不 带to的不定式。常见的关于不带to 的不定式的用法如下：
program about how to make dinners last
night when electricity was out, and I
couldn’t _D__ to the bed.
A. but going
B. help but to go
C. help going
D. choose but go
1. I’m travelling during a sandstorm. It’s dangerous.
It is dangerous to be traveling during a sandstorm. 2. Experts hope that they XXX learn more about the movement of thunderstorms.
Experts hope to learn more about the movement of thunderstorms.
3. We were told, “Don’t leave the house.”
We were told not to leave the house.
4. The men need to complete the work on the house by the end of the week.