一般过去时现在完成时与一般现在时的区别
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去年以来一直未见到他（现在还未见到）
We didn't see him last year. 我们去年没见到 他.（现在不一定未见到）
I often see him.(现在经常见到)
第4页/共34页
２）现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到 现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现 在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过 去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体 的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：
--- The door has been closed for an hour.
10. He joined the army last year.
--- He has been a soldier for a year.
--- He has been in the army for a year.
性
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.
动 词
---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month.
和
4. He arrived here three days ago.
瞬
--- He ____ ____ here since three days ago.
catch a cold—have a cold
close—be closed / not open open—be open
fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep begin /start—be on
get /receive a letter from—have a letter from
--- It ____ a year ____ he joined 第th1e1页ar/共m3y4.页
1. He died 10 years ago.
--- He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.
和 瞬 间
5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago.
性
--- The light has been on for 2 hours.
动
6. He left here 2 years ago.
词
--- He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago.
He came here yesterday.
第1页/共34页
ever， • 现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在产生的影响和结果．常与 never， before , twice, already ,just， yet， so far， since, for ， up to now， in past years 等，皆不确定或模糊的时 间状语连用。
之 间 的
--- The film has been on for 30 minutes.
转
8. They opened the door an hour ago.
化
(keys)
--- The door has been open for an hour.
9. They closed the door an hour ago.
第5页/共34页
• 例如：We are good friends(现在情况)
•
我们是好朋友。
• I got to know him in 2005. (过去的动 作)
•
我在2005年认识（结识）他
• We have known each other since 2005. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现 在联系起来并着眼于现在)
He has lived here since he was born. 自他出生 以来一直居住在这儿。（since 自从…以来， 与现在有关，说明他还居住在这儿。）
Liu Mei went to see her grandmother last night . 刘 梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只说明昨晚）
第10页/共34页
1. He died 10 years ago.
--- He ____ ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.
延
2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.
续
--- He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks.
I have known him since he was a child. 7）so far，in the last / past ……与现在完成时连用。 例如 ：
So far，many countries have sent up satellites into space. In the last 30 years， our lives have changed a lot.
延 续
--- He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
性
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.
动
---He has had the motorbike for a month.
词
4. He arrived here three days ago. --- He has been here since three days ago.
They usually go to school by bike. I take the medicine three times a day. She helps her mother once a week. He often watches Tv.
Mary likes reading interesting stories Mar y’s father is a policeman. There are 50 students in my class.
第3页/共34页
(二）一般过去时态、现在完成时和 一般现在时的区别
１）现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联 系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般 过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现 在不发生联系。一般现在时表示经常性，习惯 性的动作或存在的状态.与过去没有关系。 例如：We haven't seen him since last year. 我们自从
• 例如He has just broke常性，习惯性的动 作或存在的状态. 通常与副词sometimes, often, usually,
always, ever y day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day, 等 时间状语连用。
The train left here just now. 火车是刚才离开。 6）since 作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用 现在完成时；since 作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完 成时，从句用一般过去时。
He has worked in this factory since 1996.
B、come to —be here / there
arrive in （at）/ get to / reach——be here / there
join the Army-------be in the Army/ be a soldier
join the League-----be in the League / be a league member
现在经常见到2现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在包括现在的某个动作或状态与现在有关的时间状语连用一般过去时表示过去某一特定与现在无关的时间与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用
（一）一般过去时态、现在完成时态、 一般现在时的概念
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状 态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与 yesterday、 yesterday afternoon、 the day before yesterday 、last year、in 1965、 a moment ago 、 just now 等表示过去的具体的时间状语连用。 例如：
4）以When开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如： When did you lose your pen? 你什么时候丢了钢笔？
第7页/共34页
5）just (刚刚）与现在完成时连用，just now (刚才） 与一般过去时连用。例如：
The train has just gone. 火车刚刚离开。
第13页/共34页
• for+ 时间段 • He has kept the book for 2 weeks. • 例如： • for: (长达） • 1. He has stayed here for 3 hours. • 2. He has stayed here since 3 hours ago. 3. He has stayed here since 3 o’clock. • 4.He has taught English since he came h ere.
（五）延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳
A、leave— been away from buy—have borrow—keep
die—be dead get up—be up turn on—be on
come / get back—be back go to town—be in town
finish—be over
9. They closed the door an hour ago.
--- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour.
10. He joined the army last year.
--- He ____ ____ a ____ for a year.
--- He ____ ____ ____ the army for a year.
--- It is a year since he joined第th12e页a/r共m3y4.页
• for和since的运用 since表“自从…… 以来”。
• 1)since+时间点 • He has stayed here since 5 o’clock . • 2)since+ 时间段+ ago • He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. • 3)since+ 从句 • She has taught English since he came • here. •
的
7. The film began 30 minutes ago.
转
--- The film ____ ____ ____ for 30 minutes.
化
8. They opened the door an hour ago.
--- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour.
间 性
5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago.
动
--- The light ____ ____ ____ for 2 hours.
词
6. He left here 2 years ago.
之 间
--- He ____ ____ ____ from here for 2 years.
第8页/共34页
(四） 现在完成时应注意的四个区别
1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别。 2）since 和 for 的区别。 3）have / has gone to； have / has been to； have / has been in 的区别。
4) already和yet 的区别
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（三）值得注意几个问题
１）动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且 还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：
We have studied English for two years. 我们学英语 两年了 ２）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状 语，要用现在完成时。例如：
I have been to Shanghai twice . 我曾去过上海两次． ３）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday ,last week, in 1960）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
We didn't see him last year. 我们去年没见到 他.（现在不一定未见到）
I often see him.(现在经常见到)
第4页/共34页
２）现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到 现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现 在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过 去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体 的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：
--- The door has been closed for an hour.
10. He joined the army last year.
--- He has been a soldier for a year.
--- He has been in the army for a year.
性
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.
动 词
---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month.
和
4. He arrived here three days ago.
瞬
--- He ____ ____ here since three days ago.
catch a cold—have a cold
close—be closed / not open open—be open
fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep begin /start—be on
get /receive a letter from—have a letter from
--- It ____ a year ____ he joined 第th1e1页ar/共m3y4.页
1. He died 10 years ago.
--- He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.
和 瞬 间
5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago.
性
--- The light has been on for 2 hours.
动
6. He left here 2 years ago.
词
--- He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago.
He came here yesterday.
第1页/共34页
ever， • 现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在产生的影响和结果．常与 never， before , twice, already ,just， yet， so far， since, for ， up to now， in past years 等，皆不确定或模糊的时 间状语连用。
之 间 的
--- The film has been on for 30 minutes.
转
8. They opened the door an hour ago.
化
(keys)
--- The door has been open for an hour.
9. They closed the door an hour ago.
第5页/共34页
• 例如：We are good friends(现在情况)
•
我们是好朋友。
• I got to know him in 2005. (过去的动 作)
•
我在2005年认识（结识）他
• We have known each other since 2005. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现 在联系起来并着眼于现在)
He has lived here since he was born. 自他出生 以来一直居住在这儿。（since 自从…以来， 与现在有关，说明他还居住在这儿。）
Liu Mei went to see her grandmother last night . 刘 梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只说明昨晚）
第10页/共34页
1. He died 10 years ago.
--- He ____ ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.
延
2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.
续
--- He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks.
I have known him since he was a child. 7）so far，in the last / past ……与现在完成时连用。 例如 ：
So far，many countries have sent up satellites into space. In the last 30 years， our lives have changed a lot.
延 续
--- He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
性
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.
动
---He has had the motorbike for a month.
词
4. He arrived here three days ago. --- He has been here since three days ago.
They usually go to school by bike. I take the medicine three times a day. She helps her mother once a week. He often watches Tv.
Mary likes reading interesting stories Mar y’s father is a policeman. There are 50 students in my class.
第3页/共34页
(二）一般过去时态、现在完成时和 一般现在时的区别
１）现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联 系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般 过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现 在不发生联系。一般现在时表示经常性，习惯 性的动作或存在的状态.与过去没有关系。 例如：We haven't seen him since last year. 我们自从
• 例如He has just broke常性，习惯性的动 作或存在的状态. 通常与副词sometimes, often, usually,
always, ever y day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day, 等 时间状语连用。
The train left here just now. 火车是刚才离开。 6）since 作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用 现在完成时；since 作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完 成时，从句用一般过去时。
He has worked in this factory since 1996.
B、come to —be here / there
arrive in （at）/ get to / reach——be here / there
join the Army-------be in the Army/ be a soldier
join the League-----be in the League / be a league member
现在经常见到2现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在包括现在的某个动作或状态与现在有关的时间状语连用一般过去时表示过去某一特定与现在无关的时间与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用
（一）一般过去时态、现在完成时态、 一般现在时的概念
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状 态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与 yesterday、 yesterday afternoon、 the day before yesterday 、last year、in 1965、 a moment ago 、 just now 等表示过去的具体的时间状语连用。 例如：
4）以When开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如： When did you lose your pen? 你什么时候丢了钢笔？
第7页/共34页
5）just (刚刚）与现在完成时连用，just now (刚才） 与一般过去时连用。例如：
The train has just gone. 火车刚刚离开。
第13页/共34页
• for+ 时间段 • He has kept the book for 2 weeks. • 例如： • for: (长达） • 1. He has stayed here for 3 hours. • 2. He has stayed here since 3 hours ago. 3. He has stayed here since 3 o’clock. • 4.He has taught English since he came h ere.
（五）延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳
A、leave— been away from buy—have borrow—keep
die—be dead get up—be up turn on—be on
come / get back—be back go to town—be in town
finish—be over
9. They closed the door an hour ago.
--- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour.
10. He joined the army last year.
--- He ____ ____ a ____ for a year.
--- He ____ ____ ____ the army for a year.
--- It is a year since he joined第th12e页a/r共m3y4.页
• for和since的运用 since表“自从…… 以来”。
• 1)since+时间点 • He has stayed here since 5 o’clock . • 2)since+ 时间段+ ago • He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. • 3)since+ 从句 • She has taught English since he came • here. •
的
7. The film began 30 minutes ago.
转
--- The film ____ ____ ____ for 30 minutes.
化
8. They opened the door an hour ago.
--- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour.
间 性
5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago.
动
--- The light ____ ____ ____ for 2 hours.
词
6. He left here 2 years ago.
之 间
--- He ____ ____ ____ from here for 2 years.
第8页/共34页
(四） 现在完成时应注意的四个区别
1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别。 2）since 和 for 的区别。 3）have / has gone to； have / has been to； have / has been in 的区别。
4) already和yet 的区别
第9页/共34页
第6页/共34页
（三）值得注意几个问题
１）动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且 还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：
We have studied English for two years. 我们学英语 两年了 ２）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状 语，要用现在完成时。例如：
I have been to Shanghai twice . 我曾去过上海两次． ３）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday ,last week, in 1960）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.