(语数英合集)八省联考2021新高考适应性考试真题(江苏湖南福建重庆河北广东湖北辽宁)
【高考试卷】2021年新高考英语8省联考适应性考试(试题部分)及答案
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟演练英语注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。
1. Why does the woman refuse to go to the gym?A. She is sick.B. She needs a rest.C. She has to work.2. What are the speakers talking about?A. A kind of food.B. A close relative.C. A new restaurant.3. What will the woman probably eat?A. Beef.B. Grapes.C. Potatoes.4. What is the woman’s suggestion?A. Repairing the sofa.B. Cleaning the kitchen.C. Buying a cupboard.5. What does the man think of the movie?A. Top quality.B. Above average.C. Surprisingly bad.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2021年全国新高考“八省联考”高考英语适应性试卷有答案
2021年全国新高考“八省联考”高考英语适应性试卷第二部分阅读(共两节,满分 50 分)第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分37.5 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1. Non﹣Credit CoursesThe Pre﹣College Program offers non﹣credit courses. Students will experience college﹣level courses given by some of our college's leading experts and will receive written feedback (反馈) on their work at the end of the course. Pre﹣College students will also receive a grade of Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory and a certificate of completion at the conclusion of the program.All non﹣credit courses meet from 9: 00 a.m. ﹣ 11: 30 a.m. daily and may have additional requirements in the afternoons or evenings.COURSE: Case Studies in Neuroscience●June 11 ﹣ July 2●Leah RoeschUsing student﹣centered, active﹣learning methods and real﹣world examples, this course is designed to provide a fuller understanding of how the human brain works.COURSE: Psychology of Creativity● June 15 ﹣ June 28● Marshall DukeWhy are certain people so creative? Is it genetic (遗传的), or a result of childhood experience? Are they different from everyone else? This popular psychology course highlights the different theories of creativity.COURSE: Creative Storytelling● June 21 ﹣ July 3● Edith FreniThis college﹣level course in creative storytelling functions as an introduction to a variety of storytelling techniques that appear in different forms of creative writing, such as short fiction and playwriting.COURSE: Sports Economics● July 19 ﹣ August 1● Christina DePasqualeIn this course we will analyze many interesting aspects of the sports industry: sports leagues, ticket pricing, salary negotiations, discrimination, and NCAA policies to name a few.(1)Who is the text intended for?________A. The general public.B. College freshmen.C. Educational experts.D. High school students..(2)Which course can you take if you are free only in June?________A. Sports Economics.B. Creative Storytelling.C. Psychology of Creativity.D. Case Studies in Neuroscience..(3)Whose course should you choose if you are interested in creative writing?________A. Leah Roesch's.B. Edith Freni's.C. Marshall Duke's.D. Christina DePasquale's..2. In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco﹣friendly lifestyle choices than, let's say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco﹣friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2)from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use ﹣ those related to their production and breakdown.Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the "secondary footprint" group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances (设备) that we need we can go with new, energy﹣saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy﹣saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth ________ the product will make once it gets to you.(1)What is the text mainly about?________A. What appliances to buy to save energy.B. What a carbon footprint means in our life.C. How to identify different carbon footprints.D. How to make eco﹣friendly lifestyle choices..(2)What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?________A. It is related to our consumption of fuels.B. It is made when we are buying the products.C. It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.D. It is counted as ours though not directly made by us..(3)Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author?________A. Using second﹣hand textbooks.B. Using old and expensive cars.C. Buying new but cheap clothes.D. Buying new wooden furniture..(4)"The footprint" underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in________.A. using the productB. recycling the productC. making the productD. transporting the product.3. Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical devices (机械装置). Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician's success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician's words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he "magically" makes it appear whole again by displaying(展示)another object that has not been cut or burned.(1)What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?________A. To promote a magic show.B. To teach people to be magicians.C. To explain the art of magic.D. To praise the talents of magicians..(2)Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick?________A. Moving stage equipment.B. Directing the audience's attention.C. Applying high technology.D. Keeping the performance in secret..(3)What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs?________A. Providing examples.B. Making a summary.C. Drawing comparisons.D. Explaining a concept..(4)What can we infer from the text?________A. Mechanical devices are expensive.B. Most magicians employ assistants.C. It takes practice to perform magic.D. Small objects are magicians' favourite..4. The average bear, it seems, is getting ever smarter. First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb. Now it appears that some can count, too.Jennifer Vonk, of Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots (点) on a computer screen. In return for a food reward one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose. The others, Bella and Dusty, would touch the screen with their claws (爪子).As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns where the coloured dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger coloured area. This could be explained by the bears' distinguishing the different areas of colour rather than truly counting the dots. However, the three bears managed to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.Moving patterns, where each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge. But Brutus, at least, was not defeated. He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tried to mislead him by moving the total coloured area of the dots at the same time.It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food. They are, however, always alone, and so do not have the complex social systems that contribute to animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends for help.(1)What task did the scientists set for the three bears?________A. Distinguishing different dot patterns.B. Figuring out different colours of dots.C. Putting the dots into differently coloured groups.D. Picking out the group with a larger number of dots..(2)For the bears, the task was easier when________.A. the coloured dots were moving slowlyB. the dot patterns were regular in shapeC. the dots followed a path on the screenD. more dots covered a larger coloured area.(3)What may explain the bears' high degree of intelligence?________A. They learn skills from other animals.B. They face life challenges on their own.C. They feed on a diverse range of food.D. They have complex social networks..(4)What can be a suitable title for the text?________A. Bears Taught to Distinguish ColoursB. New Evidence of Bear Intelligence FoundC. Three Bears Learned How to CountD. The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus.第二节(共1小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021八省联考(新高考适应性考试)英语试卷及答案
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟演练英 语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在 答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍,例:How much is the shirt?A.t19.15B.f9.18C.f9.15. 答案是C 。
1.Why does the woman refuse to go to the gym?A.She is sickB.She needs a rest.C.She has to work. 2.What are the speakers talking about?A.A kind of food.B.A close relative.C.A new restaurant. 3.What will the woman probably eat?A.Beef.B.Grapes.C.Potatoes. 4.What is the woman's suggestion?A. Repairing the sofa.B.Cleaning the kitchen.C.Buying a cupboard.英语试题第1页(共12页)载号位座号生考5.What does the man think of the movie?A.Top quality.B.Above average.C.Surprisingly bad.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2021年全国新高考“八省联考”高考数学适应性试卷(附解析)
2021年全国新高考“八省联考”高考数学适应性试卷一、单项选择题(本大题共8小题,共40.0分)1.已知M,N均为R的子集,且∁R M⊆N,则M∪(∁R N)=()A. ⌀B. MC. ND. R2.在3张卡片上分别写上3位同学的学号后,再把卡片随机分给这3位同学,每人1张,则恰有1位学生分到写有自己学号卡片的概率为()A. 16B. 13C. 12D. 233.关于x的方程x2+ax+b=0,有下列四个命题:甲:x=1是该方程的根;乙:x=3是该方程的根;丙:该方程两根之和为2;丁:该方程两根异号.如果只有一个假命题,则该命题是()A. 甲B. 乙C. 丙D. 丁4.椭圆x2m2+1+y2m2=1(m>0)的焦点为F1,F2,上顶点为A,若∠F1AF2=π3,则m=()A. 1B. √2C. √3D. 25.已知单位向量a⃗,b⃗ 满足a⃗⋅b⃗ =0,若向量c⃗=√7a⃗+√2b⃗ ,则sin<a⃗,c⃗>=()A. √73B. √23C. √79D. √296.(1+x)2+(1+x)3+⋯+(1+x)9的展开式中x2的系数是()A. 60B. 80C. 84D. 1207.已知抛物线y2=2px上三点A(2,2),B,C,直线AB,AC是圆(x−2)2+y2=1的两条切线,则直线BC的方程为()A. x+2y+1=0B. 3x+6y+4=0C. 2x+6y+3=0D. x+3y+2=08.已知a<5且ae5=5e a,b<4且be4=4e b,c<3且ce3=3e c,则()A. c<b<aB. b<c<aC. a<c<bD. a<b<c二、多项选择题(本大题共4小题,共20.0分)9.已知函数f(x)=xln(1+x),则()A. f(x)在(0,+∞)单调递增B. f(x)有两个零点C. 曲线y=f(x)在点(−12,f(−12))处切线的斜率为−1−ln2D. f(x)是偶函数10.设z1,z2,z3为复数,z1≠0.下列命题中正确的是()A. 若|z2|=|z3|,则z2=±z3B. 若z1z2=z1z3,则z2=z3C. 若z2−=z3,则|z1z2|=|z1z3|D. 若z1z2=|z1|2,则z1=z211.如图是一个正方体的平面展开图,则在该正方体中()A. AE//CDB. CH//BEC. DG⊥BHD. BG⊥DE12.设函数f(x)=cos2x2+sinxcosx,则()A. f(x)=f(x+π)B. f(x)的最大值为12C. f(x)在(−π4,0)单调递增 D. f(x)在(0,π4)单调递减三、填空题(本大题共4小题,共20.0分)13.圆台上、下底面的圆周都在一个直径为10的球面上,其上、下底面半径分别为4和5,则该圆台的体积为______ .14.若正方形一条对角线所在直线的斜率为2,则该正方形的两条邻边所在直线的斜率分别为______ ,______ .15.写出一个最小正周期为2的奇函数f(x)=______ .16.对一个物理量做n次测量,并以测量结果的平均值作为该物理量的最后结果.已知最后结果的误差εn~N(0,2n),为使误差εn在(−0.5,0.5)的概率不小于0.9545,至少要测量______ 次.(若X~N(μ,σ2),则P(|X−μ|<2σ)=0.9545).四、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70.0分)17.已知各项都为正数的数列{a n}满足a n+2=2a n+1+3a n.(1)证明:数列{a n+a n+1}为等比数列;(2)若a1=12,a2=32,求{a n}的通项公式.18.在四边形ABCD中,AB//CD,AD=BD=CD=1.(1)若AB=3,求BC;2(2)若AB=2BC,求cos∠BDC.19.一台设备由三个部件构成,假设在一天的运转中,部件1,2,3需要调整的概率分别为0.1,0.2,0.3,各部件的状态相互独立.(1)求设备在一天的运转中,部件1,2中至少有1个需要调整的概率;(2)记设备在一天的运转中需要调整的部件个数为X,求X的分布列及数学期望.20.北京大兴国际机场的显著特点之一是各种弯曲空间的运用.刻画空间的弯曲性是几何研究的重要内容.用曲率刻画空间弯曲性,规定:多面体顶点的曲率等于2π与多面体在该点的面角之和的差(多面体的面的内角叫做多面体的面角,角度用弧度制),多面体面上非顶点的曲率均为零,多面体的总曲率等于该多面体各顶点的曲率之和.例如:正四面体在每个顶点有3个面角,每个面角是π,所以正四面体在各顶点的3=π,故其总曲率为4π.曲率为2π−3×π3(1)求四棱锥的总曲率;(2)若多面体满足:顶点数−棱数+面数=2,证明:这类多面体的总曲率是常数.21.双曲线C:x2a2−y2b2=1(a>0,b>0)的左顶点为A,右焦点为F,动点B在C上.当BF⊥AF时,|AF|=|BF|.(1)求C的离心率;(2)若B在第一象限,证明:∠BFA=2∠BAF.22.已知函数f(x)=e x−sinx−cosx,g(x)=e x+sinx+cosx.(1)证明:当x>−5π4时,f(x)≥0;(2)若g(x)≥2+ax,求a.答案和解析1.【答案】B【解析】解:如图所示易知M∪(∁R N)=M.故选:B.根据M,N均为R的子集,且∁R M⊆N,画出韦恩图,结合图形可求出M∪(∁R N).本题主要考查了集合的并集与补集,解题的关键是作出符合题意的韦恩图,同时考查了学生推理的能力.2.【答案】C【解析】解:三张卡片随机分给三位同学,共有A33=6种情况,恰有1位学生分到写有自己学号卡片,则有C31×1=3种情况,所以恰有1位学生分到写有自己学号卡片的概率为36=12.故选:C.先求出三张卡片随机分给三位同学的基本事件数,再求出恰有1位学生分到写有自己学号卡片的基本事件数,利用古典概型的概率公式求解即可.本题考查了古典概型及其概率计算公式的应用,涉及了排列组合的应用,解题的关键是确定总基本事件数和要求的基本事件数.3.【答案】A【解析】解:若甲是假命题,则乙丙丁是真命题,可得x1=3,x2=−1,符合题意;若乙是假命题,则甲丙丁是真命题,可得x1=1,x2=1,两根不异号,不合题意;若丙是假命题,则甲乙丁是真命题,可得x1=3,x2=1,两根不异号,不合题意;若丁是假命题,则甲乙丙是真命题,两根和不为2,不合题意.综上可知,甲为假命题.故选:A.分别设甲、乙、丙、丁为假命题,结合真命题中方程两根的情况判断.本题考查简单的合情推理,考查逻辑思维能力与推理论证能力,是基础题.4.【答案】C【解析】解:由题意可得c=√m2+1−m2=1,b=m,又因为∠F1AF2=π3,可得∠F1AO=π6,可得tan∠F1AO=1m =√33,解得m=√3.故选:C.由题意利用椭圆的性质可求c=1,b=m,可求∠F1AO=π6,解三角形即可求解m的值.本题主要考查了椭圆的性质,考查了计算能力,属于基础题.5.【答案】B【解析】解:a⃗⋅c⃗=a⃗⋅(√7a⃗+√2b⃗ )=√7a⃗2+√2a⃗⋅b⃗ =√7,|c⃗|=√(√7a⃗+√2b⃗ )2=√7a⃗2+2b⃗ 2+2√14a⃗⋅b⃗ =√7+2=3,所以cos<a⃗,c⃗>=a⃗ ⋅c⃗|a⃗ ||c⃗ |=√71×3=√73,所以sin<a⃗,c⃗>=√23.故选:B.由已知结合向量数量积的定义及向量数量积性质可求cos<a⃗,c⃗>,然后结合同角平方关系即可求解.本题主要考查了向量数量积的定义及性质,考查了转化思想,属于基础题.6.【答案】D【解析】解:(1+x)2+(1+x)3+⋯+(1+x)9的展开式中x2的系数为C22+C32+⋯+ C92=C33+C32+⋯+C92=C103=120.故选:D.根据通项公式表示二项展开式的第r+1项,该项的二项式系数是C n r,表示出x2的系数,然后利用组合数的性质进行求解.本题主要考查了二项式定理的应用,以及二项式系数的求解,解题的关键是利用组合数公式C n m−1+C n m=C n+1m,属基础题.7.【答案】B【解析】解:把点A(2,2)代入抛物线方程可得p=1,所以抛物线的方程为y2=2x,又直线AB,AC是圆(x−2)2+y2=1的两条切线,设切线方程为y−2=k(x−2),因为圆心到切线的距离等于半径,则有1=√k2+1,解得k=±√3,则直线AB的方程为y−2=√3(x−2),直线AC的方程为y−2=−√3(x−2),联立直线AB和抛物线的方程可求得B(83−√3,√3−2),同理可求得C(83+√3,−√3−2),由直线的两点式方程可得,直线BC的方程为3x+6y+4=0.故选:B.利用点A在抛物线上求出抛物线的方程,再利用直线与圆相切求出两条切线的方程,联立方程组求出B,C,利用直线的方程即可求解.本题考查了直线与圆的位置关系的应用,涉及了直线方程的求解、交点的求解,解题的关键是利用圆心到切线的距离等于半径求出切线的斜率.8.【答案】D【解析】解:根据题意,设f(x)=e xx,a<5且ae5=5e a,变形可得e aa =e55,即f(a)=f(5),b<4且be4=4e b,变形可得e bb =e44,即f(b)=f(4),c<3且ce3=3e c,变形可得e cc =e33,即f(c)=f(3),f(x)=e xx ,其导数f′(x)=ex(x−1)x2,在区间(0,1)上,f′(x)<0,则f(x)为减函数,在区间(1,+∞)上,f′(x)>0,则f(x)为增函数,其草图如图:则有0<a<b<c<1,故选:D.根据题意,设f(x)=e xx,对三个式子变形可得f(a)=f(5),f(b)=f(4),f(c)=f(3),求出f(x)的导数,分析其单调性,可得f(x)的大致图象,分析可得答案.本题考查函数的单调性的分析以及性质的应用,涉及利用导数分析函数的单调性,属于基础题.9.【答案】AC【解析】解:函数定义域(−1,+∞),不关于原点对称,D 错误, 因为f′(x)=ln(x +1)+1(1+x)2,当x <0时,f′(x)>0恒成立,f(x)单调递增,A 正确, f″(x)=11+x+1(1+x)2=x+2(1+x)2,当x >−1时,f ″(x)>0,f′(x)单调递增且f′(0)=0,故当x ∈(−1,0)时,f′(x)<0,f(x)单调递减,当x ∈(0,+∞)时,f′(x)>0,f(x)单调递增, 又f(0)=0,所以f(x)只有一个零点,B 正确,因为f′(−12)=ln 12−1=−1−ln2,C 正确. 故选:AC .先对函数求导,然后结合导数与单调性关系,导数的几何意义及函数性质分别检验各选项即可判断.本题综合考查了导数与单调性,导数的几何意义,导数与函数性质的综合应用,属于中档题.10.【答案】BC【解析】解:由复数的形式可知,选项A 错误; 当z 1z 2=z 1z 3时,有z 1z 2−z 1z 3=z 1(z 2−z 3)=0, 又z 1≠0,所以z 2=z 3,故选项B 正确; 当z 2−=z 3时,则z 2=z 3−,所以|z 1z 2|2−|z 1z 3|2=(z 1z 2)(z 1z 2−)−(z 1z 3)(z 1z 3−)=z 1z 2z 1−z 2−−z 1z 3z 1−z 3−=0,故选项C 正确;当z 1z 2=|z 1|2时,则z 1z 2=|z 1|2=z 1z 1−, 可得z 1z 2−z 1z 1−=z 1(z 2−z 1−)=0, 所以z 1−=z 2,故选项D 错误. 故选:BC .利用复数的模的有关性质和运算,结合共轭复数的概念对各个选项逐一分析判断即可.本题考查了复数的模,涉及了复数模的性质以及模的运算,解题的关键是熟练掌握模的运算性质并能够进行灵活的运用.11.【答案】BCD【解析】解:还原正方体直观图如图,可知AE与CD为异面直线,故选项A不正确;由EH−//BC,可得CH//BE,故选项B正确;正方形中易得DG⊥平面BCH,所以有DG⊥BH,故选项C正确;因为BG//AH,且DE⊥AH,所以BG⊥DE,故选项D正确.故选:BCD.把展开图恢复成正方体,判断其直线平面的位置关系,充分利用平行,垂直问题求解.本题考查了折叠问题,恢复到正方体,运用几何体中的性质,判断位置关系,属于中档题,但是难度不大.12.【答案】AD【解析】解:对于A:函数f(x)=cos2x2+sinxcosx =2×cos2x−0sin2x−(−4),所以满足f(x)=f(x+π),故A正确;对于B:f(x)的几何意义为单位圆上动点(sin2x,cos2x)与点(−4,0)连线的斜率的2倍,相切时,最大值为√15,故B错误;对于C:当x∈(−π4,0)时,动点在第二象限从左向右运动,斜率先增大后减小,故C错误;对于D:当x∈(π4,0)时,动点在第一象限从左向右运动,斜率逐渐减小,故D正确;如图所示:故选:AD.直接利用三角函数的关系式的变换和函数的性质及三角函数与斜率的关系的应用判断A、B、C、D的结论.本题考查的知识要点:三角函数的关系式的变换,三角函数的性质,关系式和斜率的转换,主要考查学生的运算能力和转换能力及思维能力,属于基础题.13.【答案】61π【解析】解:如图所示:由题意可知,圆台的下底面为球的大圆,所以O为球心,∵BM=4,OB=5,∴OM=3,即圆台的高为3,所以其体积V=13πℎ(R2+r2+Rr)=13π×3×(52+42+5×4)=61π,故答案为:61π.由题意可知圆台的下底面为球的大圆,利用勾股定理求出圆台的高,再由圆台的体积公式即可求出结果.本题主要考查了圆台的结构特征,考查了圆台的体积公式,考查了学生的计算能力,是基础题.14.【答案】13−3【解析】解:设正方形一条边所在的直线倾斜角为α,则tan(α+π4)=2,解得tanα=13,所以该正方形的两条邻边所在直线的斜率分别为13,−3.故答案为:13;−3.设正方形一条边所在的直线倾斜角为α,则由正方形一条对角线所在直线的斜率为2,结合倾斜角与斜率的关系求出tanα,利用正方形的性质即可得到答案.本题考查了直线的倾斜角与斜率关系的应用、互相垂直的直线斜率关系的应用,解题的关键是求出其中一条边的斜率.15.【答案】sinπx【解析】解:基本初等函数中的既为周期函数又为奇函数的是y =sinx , 又最小正周期为2,故函数可为f(x)=sinπx . 故答案为:f(x)=sinπx .先考虑熟悉的基本初等函数,再结合周期性和奇偶性即可得到答案.本题属于开放性问题,主要考查的是函数的奇偶性和周期性的应用,解题的关键了解基本初等函数的性质并能够进行灵活的应用.16.【答案】32【解析】解:根据正态曲线的对称性知,要使得误差εn 在(−0.5,0.5)的概率不小于0.9545, 则(μ−2σ,μ+2σ)⊂(−0.5,0.5)且μ=σ,σ=√2n ,所以0.5≥2√2n,解得,n ≥32,即n 的最小值32. 故答案为:32.根据正态曲线的对称性知,要使得误差εn 在(−0.5,0.5)的概率不小于0.9545,问题转化为(μ−2σ,μ+2σ)⊂(−0.5,0.5)且μ=σ,σ=√2n ,可求.本题考查正态分布曲线的特点及曲线所表示的意义,考查正态分布中两个量μ和σ的应用,考查曲线的对称性,属于基础题.17.【答案】证明:(1)各项都为正数的数列{a n }满足a n+2=2a n+1+3a n ,得,a n+1+a n+2=3(a n+1+a n ),所以数列{a n +a n+1}是公比为3的等比数列; (2)因为a 1=12,a 2=32, 所以a 1+a 2=2,由(1)知数列{a n +a n+1}是首项为2,公比为3的等比数列, 所以a n +a n+1=2×3n−1,于是a n+1−12×3n =−a n +12×3n−1,a 2−32=0, 所以a n −3n−12=0,即a n =3n−12,a 1=12也符合.故a n =3n−12.【解析】(1)根据等比数列的定义,结合已知变形得,a n+1+a n+2=3(a n+1+a n),可证明;(2)结合(1)可得a n+a n+1=2×3n−1,变形得a n+1−12×3n=−a n+12×3n−1,从而可求.本题主要考查了等比数列的定义在等比数列的判断中的应用,还考查了利用数列的递推公式求解数列的通项公式,属于中档题.18.【答案】解:(1)在四边形ABCD中,AD=BD=CD=1.若AB=32,所以:cos∠ADB=AB 2+BD2−AD22⋅AB⋅BD=(32)2+12−122×32×1=34,由于AB//CD,所以∠BDC=∠ABD,即cos∠BDC=cos∠ABD=34,所以BC2=BD2+CD2−2⋅BD⋅CD⋅cos∠BDC=12+12−2×1×1×34=12,所以BC=√22.(2)设BC=x,则AB=2BC=2x,由余弦定理得:cos∠ADB=AB2+BD2−AD22⋅AB⋅BD =(2x)2+12−122×2x×1=x,cos∠BDC=CD2+BD2−BC22⋅CD⋅BD =12+12−x22×1×1=2−x22,故2−x22=x,解得x=√3−1或−√3−1(负值舍去).所以cos∠BDC=√3−1.【解析】(1)直接利用余弦定理的应用求出结果;(2)利用余弦定理的应用建立等量关系式,进一步求出结果.本题考查的知识要点:三角函数关系式的变换,余弦定理,主要考查学生的运算能力和转换能力及思维能力,属于基础题.19.【答案】解:(1)设部件1,2,3需要调整分别为事件A,B,C,由题意可知P(A)=0.1,P(B)=0.2,P(C)=0.3,各部件的状态相互独立,所以部件1,2都不需要调整的概率P(A−⋅B−)=P(A−)⋅P(B−)=0.9×0.8=0.72,故部件1,2中至少有1个需要调整的概率为1−P(A −⋅B −)=0.28. (2)X 的所有可能取值为0,1,2,3,P(X =0)=P(A −⋅B −⋅C −)=P(A −)⋅P(B −)⋅P(C −)=0.9×0.8×0.7=0.504, P(X =1)=P(A ⋅B −⋅C −)+P(A −⋅B ⋅C −)+P(A −⋅B −⋅C)=0.1×0.8×0.7+0.9×0.2×0.7+0.9×0.8×0.3=0.398,P(X =3)=P(A ⋅B ⋅C)=0.1×0.2×0.3=0.006, P(X =2)=1−P(X =0)−P(X =1)−P(X =3)=0.092, 所以X 的分布列为E(X)=0×0.504+1×0.39+2×0.092+3×0.006=0.6.【解析】(1)由相互独立事件的概率的乘法公式及对立事件的概率公式求解即可; (2)X 的所有可能取值为0,1,2,3,求出事件发生的概率,即可求得分布列及数学期望.本题主要考查了相互独立事件概率的计算,以及离散型随机变量的分布列及方差,属于中档题.20.【答案】解:(1)因为四棱锥有5个顶点,5个面,其中四个侧面是三角形,一个底面是四边形,所以四棱锥的总曲率为5×2π−4π−2π=4π; (2)设多面体的顶点数为V ,棱数为E ,面数为F , 每个面分别记为n i (i ∈[1,F])边形,则所有面角和为∑(F i=1n i −2)π=π∑n i Fi=1−2πF =π⋅2E −2πF =2π(E −F),则多面体的总曲率为2πV −2π(E −F)=4π, 故这类多面体的总曲率是常数.【解析】(1)利用多面体的总曲率的公式即可求解; (2)利用多面体的总曲率的概念即可证明.本题考查了总曲率的概念的应用,考查了学生的推理转化能力,属于中档题.21.【答案】解:(1)当|AF|=|BF|且BF ⊥AF 时,有c +a =b 2a=c 2−a 2a,所以a =c −a ,则e =ca =2;(2)由(1)可知,双曲线C:x2a2−y23a2=1,可设B(asecθ,√3atanθ)(0<θ<π2),A(−a,0),F(2a,0),①当|BF|=|AF|且BF⊥AF时,∠BFA=2∠BAF=90°;②当BF与AF不垂直时,设∠BAF=α,则tanα=√3atanθ−0asecθ+a =√3tanθsecθ+1=√3sinθ1+cosθ,tan2α=2tanα2=2⋅√3sinθ1+cosθ1−(√3sinθ1+cosθ)2=2√3sinθ(1+cosθ) 2(2cosθ−1)(1+cosθ)=√3sinθ2cosθ−1,而tan∠BFA=−√3atanθasecθ−2a =√3sinθ2cosθ−1=tan2α,又0<∠BFA,∠BAF<π,所以∠BFA=2α=2∠BAF.综上可得,∠BFA=2∠BAF.【解析】(1)利用已知条件可得,c+a=b2a =c2−a2a,化简得到a和c的关系,即可得到答案;(2)设B(asecθ,√3atanθ)(0<θ<π2),然后分两种情况进行证明,①当BF⊥AF时,∠BFA=2∠BAF=90°;②当BF与AF不垂直时,设∠BAF=α,然后利用同角三角函数关系以及二倍角公式进行化简变形,即可证明.本题考查了双曲线的综合应用,涉及了双曲线上动点的设法、同角三角函数的应用、二倍角公式的应用,解题的关键是设B(asecθ,√3atanθ)(0<θ<π2).22.【答案】解:(1)证明:f(x)=e x−sinx−cosx=e x−√2sin(x+π4),f′(x)=e x−cosx+sinx=e x+√2sin(x−π4),f″(x)=g(x)=e x+sinx+cosx=e x+√2sin(x+π4),考虑到f(0)=0,f′(0)=0,所以①当x∈(−5π4,−π4)时,√2sin(x+π4)<0,此时f(x)>0,②当x∈[−π4,0]时,f″(x)>0,所以f′(x)单调递增,所以f′(x)≤f′(0)=0,所以函数f(x)单调递减,f(x)≥f(0)=0,③当x∈[0,3π4]时,f″(x)>0,所以f′(x)单调递增,所以f′(x)>f′(0)=0,所以函数f(x)单调递增,f(x)≥f(0)=0,当x∈[3π4,+∞)时,f(x)=e x−√2sin(x+π4)≥e1−√2>0,综上所述,当x>−5π4时,f(x)≥0.(2)构造函数F(x)=g(x)−2−ax=e x+sinx+cosx−2−ax,考虑到f(0)=0,F(0)=2−a,F′(x)=e x+cosx−sinx−a,F″(x)=e x−sinx−cosx=f(x),由(1)可知:F″(x)=f(x)在x>−5π4时恒成立,所以F′(x)=e x+cosx−sinx−a在(−5π4,+∞)上单调递增,①若a=2,则F′(x)在(−5π4,0)为负,(0,+∞)为正,F(x)在(−5π4,0)单调递减,(0,+∞)递增,所以F(x)≥0,而当x≤−5π4时,F(x)=e x+sinx+cosx−2−2x≥e x+sinx+cosx−2+5π2≥5π2−2−√2>0,故a=2满足题意.②若a<2,F′(0)=2−a>0,因为F′(x)≥e x−√2−a,所以F′(ln(√2+a))≥e x−√2−a≥0,由零点存在定理,必存在x0∈(0,ln(√2+a)),使得F′(x0)=0,此时满足x∈(0,x0)时,F′(x)<0,F(x)单调递减,所以F(x)<F(0)=0,矛盾,舍去,③若a<2,F′(0)=2−a>0,因为当x<0时,F′(x)≤e x+√2−a<e x+√2−a,所以当√2<a<2时,F′(ln(a−√2))<0,此时必存在x0∈(ln(a−√2),0)使得F′(x0)=0,此时满足x∈(x0,0)时,F′(x)>0,F(x)单调递增,所以F(x)<F(0)=0,矛盾,舍去,而当a≤√2时,当F′(x)>e x−cosx−sinx−2,所以在x∈(x0,0)时,F′(x)>0成立,F(x)单调递增,F(x)<F(0)=0,矛盾,舍去.综上所述,a=2.【解析】(1)根据题意可得f(x)=e x−√2sin(x+π4),求导得f′(x)=e x+√2sin(x−π4),二次求导得f″(x)=g(x)=e x+√2sin(x+π4),考虑到f(0)=0,f′(0)=0,分三类①当x∈(−5π4,−π4),②当x∈[−π4,0]时,③当x∈[0,3π4]时,证明f(x)≥0即可.(2)构造函数F(x)=g(x)−2−ax=e x+sinx+cosx−2−ax,由(1)可知:F″(x)=f(x)在x>−5π4时恒成立,问题转化为F′(x)=e x+cosx−sinx−a在(−5π4,+∞)上单调递增时,a的值.本题考查导数的综合应用,解题中注意分类讨论思想的应用,属于难题.。
2021八省联考(新高考适应性考试)语文试卷
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟演练语文注意事项:亠1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
丨 2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂心黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在盅答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(-)现代文阅读I (本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1〜5题。
材料一:近年来,“人机大战”引起世人关注,人工智能发展引发的忧虑和争论开始从学术圈进入公众视野。
要将这些思考引向深入,就需拓宽视域,厘清思路,特别要善用底线思维来把握问题。
对无限制发展人工智能可能带来的后果,可从近期、远期和终极威胁三个层面来分析。
近期威胁的一个表现是人工智能开始大批量取代蓝领工人和下层白领。
这在发达国家的制造业中表现较明显,我国一些工厂也开始这么做。
从经济效益看,工业人工智能对成本的下降使“取代”变得有利可图。
“汽车的出现没有让马车夫找不到新工作”只是1以往的经验,这次并非如此:大批工人陆续失业,只要达到某个临界点,社会就有可能发生动荡。
近期威胁的另一表现是军用人工智能的研发。
史蒂芬•霍金、比尔•盖茨等人曾呼吁世人警惕人工智能的盲目研发,特别是军事用途的研发,认为这有可能导致比原子弹更可怕的武器出现。
因为军用人工智能有可能直接操控武器,一旦失控,后果难以设想;即使没有失控,研发出这类更冷酷、更高效的杀人武器,亦非人类之福。
人工智能的远期威胁中,最容易想到的就是它们可能的反叛。
这点很容易理解,《黑 * 客帝国》《未来战士》等科幻影片对此已做过大量设想。
人工智能业界和一些盲目乐观7* 人士常用“人工智能还彳艮初级”之类的说法宽慰公众,但这种理由是站不住脚的,“老虎还小”不能成为养虎的理由。
因此,我们对这一威胁必须保持足够的警惕。
语文试题第1页(共10页)人工智能的终极威胁更加发人深省。
2021年全国新高考“八省联考”高考语文适应性试卷
2021年全国新高考“八省联考”高考语文适应性试卷(江苏、福建、湖南、重庆)副标题一、现代文阅读(本大题共2小题,共35.0分)1.阅读下面的文字,完成各题。
材料一:近年来,“人机大战”引起世人关注,人工智能发展引发的忧虑和争论开始从学术圈进入公众视野,要将这些思考引向深入,就需拓宽视域,厘清思路,特别要善用底线思维来把握问题,对无限制发展人工智能可能带来的后果,可从近期、远期和终极威胁三个层面来分析。
近期威胁的一个表现是人工智能开始大批量取代蓝领工人和下层白领。
这在发达国家的制造业中表现较明显,我国一些工厂也开始这么做。
从经济效益看,工业人工智能成本的下降使“取代”变得有利可图。
“汽车的出现没有让马车夫找不到新工作”只是以往的经验,这次并非如此:大批工人陆续失业,只要达到某个临界点,社会就有可能发生动荡。
近期威胁的另一表现是军用人工智能的研发。
史蒂芬•霍金、比尔•盖茨等人曾呼吁世人警惕人工智能的盲目研发,特别是军事用途的研发,认为这有可能导致比原子弹更可怕的武器出现。
因为军用人工智能有可能直接操控武器,一旦失控,后果难以设想;即使没有失控,研发出这类更冷酷、更高效的杀人武器,亦非人类之福。
人工智能的远期威胁中,最容易想到的就是它们可能的反叛,这点很容易理解,《黑客帝国》《未来战士》等科幻影片对此已做过大量设想。
人工智能业界和一些盲目乐观人士常用“人工智能还很初级”之类的说法宽慰公众,但这种理由是站不住脚的,“老虎还小”不能成为养虎的理由。
因此,我们对这一威胁必须保持足够的警惕。
人工智能的终极威胁更加发人深省。
这种威胁并非建立在人工智能反叛的假定之上,而是恰恰相反。
阿西莫夫提出的一个很少有人注意的重要观点是,所有依赖人工智能的文明都终将灭亡,他给出的理由之一:“一个完全依赖机器人的社会,因极度单调无趣,终究会变得孱弱、衰颓、没落而奄奄一息。
”这个看法很有见地。
这里排除人工智能反叛人类的可能,假定未来人工智能可承担人们所希望的“任何工作”,人类就会变成整天混吃等死的寄生虫了。
2021年全国新高考”八省联考“全国统一考试适应性测试--英语试题(解析版)
C. She toured the company.
(2)What does Susan think of the place?
A. It's big.
B. It's famous.
C. It's crowded.
第 2页(共 44页)
(3)Who is Michael?
A. John's boss.
A. Saving money.
B. Suiting personal taste.
C. Strengthening family ties.
10.(6 分)(2021•全国模拟)(1)What is special about a live concert?
A. The whole experience is unique.
B. Tara's husband.
C. Susan's brother.
9.(4.5 分)(2021•全国模拟)(1)What did the woman do last night?
A. She went to school.
B. She listened to a talk.
C. She decorated her home.
(2)What does the man have to do now?
A. Sign his name.
B. Wait his turn.
C. Call his friend.
7.(4.5 分)(2021•全国模拟)(1)When does the man plan to check in?
A. Three days later.
B. The sound quality is outstanding.