SENSOR~1
FMS Flow Sensor FMS-1 产品说明说明书
Series FMS Flow Sensor FMS-1is for applications requiring RELATIVE measurement and set-point of flow rate. This means that the actual velocity of the flow or the quantitative measurement in GPM is not known and is not important.What is important is that the set-point can be set as a “percentage of” or “relative to” the full flow rate. No other flow sensor could do it this simply or effectively.HOW IT OPERATESThe model FMS uses a set of flashing LED’s to indicate flow. All 7 of the LED’s will remain lit to show 100% flow rate. The flow OK light will also be lit showing that the established full flow rate is what is flowing in the pipe. When you initially set the flow rate, it will mark that as your 100% mark. If your flow reduces below the 50%mark, you will get an alarm from the sensor.If flow increases beyond the initially established flow rate, the “Overflow” LED light will come on. It is then the operator’s decisions as to whether to ignore it if too much flow is not a problem and may actually choose this flow rate to be the new “normal”flow rate. This can be done by just depressing the “set” button until all LED’s flash.The FMS has now recalibrated itself to the new flow rate. The “flow ok” LED will again light and the set-point will automatically be re-set at the 50% of flow point. INSTALLATION1. Install the flow sensor by inserting the 1/2 MNPT threaded sensor tip into a tapped pipe or T fitting. Use Pipe T ape or Plumbers Putty on NPT threads to aid in sealing. Tighten firmly.2. Apply power to the flow sensor by connecting the Brown wire to +24VDC supply and the Blue wire to common. The Black wire is now connected to the + side of your load. The white wire is not used.NOTE: Be sure that the common (ground) of the flow sensor and the LOAD are the same.3. Turn on your flow and allow the flow to reach full normal flow rate. Then depress the set button on the face of the flow sensor and hold while the flow sensor ranges itself to the full flow rate or 5 ft/second whichever is less. All of the 7 LED’s will flash when auto scaling is complete.3-3/16SPECIFICATIONSService: Water and water based liquids/oil and oil-based liquids.Wetted Materials:Sensor Head: 303 SSLow Flow Set Point: Auto set @ 50% / Adjustable via “set” push button.Set Point Range: 5.0 ft/sec (0-150 cm/sec).Repeatability: < 0.5%.Hysteresis: 10% of set-point value typical.Medium Temperature Limits: -4 to 176°F (-20 to 80°C.)Pressure: 450 psi (30 bar).Response Time:25 seconds (typical).Supply Voltage:20-30 VDC (short circuit protected).Switching Current:< 200mA.Power Consumption: 6 W max.Electical Connection: M12 male socket 4pin +2m cable with M12 connector and pigtail.Process Connection: 1/2˝ Male NPT Thread.Enclosure Rating:IP 65 (NEMA 4).Initial Operation:After 15 seconds.Switch Type: PNP N.O. (switch closed with flow), PNP N.C. (switch open with flow).Weight: .55 lb (.25 kg.)4. Now release the set button and the flow sensor will set a set point at 50% of the full value set above. Should you wish to set the set point at a different LED setting (or “relative” rate of flow) simply depress the set button repeatedly in short intervals, and the set-point will change clockwise to any LED you wish to choose. When the correct LED is flashing your new set point is established.5. The Over range light (Green LED) will come on if your already established full flow rate were to increase. If you wish to rescale to the new flow rate, simply depress the set button again as you did in Step 3.0 and re set your set-point if desired, using the same procedure as in item 4.0 above.NOTE: Use caution while installing the flow sensor so as not to damage the tip of the sensor. The electronics are embedded just behind the tip of the flow sensor and denting or bottoming out of the tip could cause damage.Maintenance is not required as the flow sensor has no moving parts. However,should the sensor become coated after a period of time in operation due to water or media conditions, simply wipe the probe tip with a soft cloth and alcohol.MAINTENANCEThe Series FMS Flow Sensor is not field serviceable and should be returned if repair is needed (field repair should not be attempted and may void warranty). Be sure to include a brief description of the problem plus anyrelevant application notes. Contact customer service to receive a return goods authorization numberbefore shipping.©Copyright 2014 Dwyer Instruments, Inc.Printed in U.S.A. 9/14FR# R5-443462-00 Rev.1。
传感器1(Sensor1)
传感器1(Sensor 1)October 2012 selfSensors and detection technology (02202) review guidanceUnit synthesis test 1 (Chapter 1 to fourth)Tip: focus on examining the definition, composition, classification, sensor static and dynamic characteristics, and the calibration of the main performance indexes of the meaning, concept and method of calibration; parameter type, power type, large displacement type displacement sensor working principle, characteristics and application; force, torque, pressure, speed, acceleration sensor type and working principle etc..First, the multiple-choice question1, according to the composition of the sensor, the following can directly feel the measured physical quantity is (A)A sensitive element,B conversion element,C conversion circuit,D amplifying circuit2 、 a sensor made of the principle that the physical and chemical properties of a substance changes with the measured parameters is called BA structured sensors,B physical sensors,C active sensors,D passive sensors3, according to the sensor energy source classification, thefollowing belongs to the passive type sensor is (C)A resistor type B, capacitive C, electrothermal D, Holzer type4, the following indicators of sensors, which do not belong to the dynamic performance indicators of the sensor is ()A stability time,B natural frequency,C overload capacity,D amplitude frequency characteristic5, the sensor can be determined by dynamic calibrationA accuracy,B sensitivity,C linearity,D natural frequency6, the use of differential transformer displacement sensor displacement measurement, in order to identify the moving direction of objects, processing equipment must have links is ()A filter,B amplification,C rectification,D phase sensitive detection7, the following displacement sensor can measure large displacement is ()A potentiometer displacement sensor,B capacitive displacement sensor,C inductive displacement sensor,D Inductosyn8, the following is not a piezoelectric gyro angular velocity sensor is ()A vibration beam type,B double plate type,C bend type,D round tube type9, phase discriminator inductosyn according to the induction electromotive force () to identify displacement.A amplitude,B phase,C frequency,D phase and frequency10, when the DC speed generator has the load, the output voltage is compared with the armature induction electromotive forceA the former is large,B is small,C is equal, andD is uncertain11, if the grating grating displacement sensor is 0.04 mm, the gate line angle is 1.8 degrees, then the spacing of two adjacent to the moire fringe ()A 0.022 mmB 0.07 mmC 1.27 mmD 3.99 mm12 capacitance torque measuring instrument is to use the force of the axle, the capacitor between the two plates () changes to measure torque.A spacing,B relative effective area,C dielectric constant, D, breakdown voltageTwo. Fill in the blanks13, when the input sensor is either constant or varies slowly with time, the relationship between input and output of the sensor is called static sensor {}.14, the sensor response characteristics must satisfy the measurement conditions ___________ in the frequency range of the measurements.15, the capacitance of capacitive sensor is a function of the dielectric constant of the electrode area, and _________ between the plates of the medium.16, self inductance type displacement sensor can be divided into variable area type and ___________________ type, variable air gap.17, eddy current displacement sensor is the use of______________ will change the measured conversion device for changing the coil impedance.18, the magnetic grid displacement sensor can be divided into the measurement of linear displacement of the long magnetic grid and angle displacement measurement _________.19, magnetoelastic torque instrument is also known as_____________________.20, for a given piezoelectric material, when the mass increases or piezoelectric increased when the sensitivity of ________.21, no-load output voltage of DC tachogenerator and speed ___________________.22, when measuring the slow signal or measured by the chargeoutput when the occasion, the two piezoelectric element of ____.23, charge amplifier input impedance in ___________ ohm.24, the piezoelectric sensor must be pre amplifier connected ______________ when in use.Unit synthesis test two (fifth to seventh)Note: we have the type of artificial vision sensor, vision sensor and various components of the function and method of image processing, photoelectric semiconductor, solid camera; principle of infrared image sensor; temperature sensor temperature classification, mechanism and method, structure, characteristics and application;Working principle of gas sensor, temperature sensor and moisture sensor.First, the multiple-choice question1. The main function of the receiving part of the vision sensor is ()A gives full play to the important conditions of sensor performanceB converts an optical image signal into an electrical signalC converts the electrical signals of two-dimensional imagesinto one-dimensional signals in time seriesD extracts effective information2 、 the function that the vidicon does not have is ()A photoelectric conversion function,B scanning function, C, D/A function, D storage function3. The camera element of the solid semiconductor camera can be abbreviated as ()A, CCD, B, VCD, C, VTR, D, VCR4, in artificial vision systems, brightness information can be digitized by means of.A D/A converter,B A/D converter,C adder,D integrator5 parallel thermocouples can be used for measurementA instantaneous change of temperatureB single constant temperatureC average temperatureD temperature difference6. Measure the temperature of the object that cannot be reached directly. The type of temperature sensor to choose is ()A thermocoupleB brightness typeC thermal resistanceD semiconductor type7, thermopile refers to which of the following thermocouples?A series thermocouple,B parallel thermocouple,C film thermocouple,D sheathed thermocouple8, in general, require thermistor type temperature sensor thermistor and temperature ()A is sinusoidal,B is cosine relationship,C is linear, andD is linear in a certain range9. The higher the temperature measured by the metal thermal resistance temperature sensor, the movement of the free electrons in the sensitive elementA the more regular theB is, the more irregular theC is normal distribution, and theD is linear10, SnO2 gas sensors are widely used in ()A measure the quality of gas, B, fire alarm, C, measure the concentration of gas, D for electrical parts11. The tape recorder uses () senses the temperature inside the machine, and when the humidity reaches a certain level, the machine stops automatically.A electronic hygrometer,B macromolecule membrane humidity sensor,C ceramic humidity sensor,D condensation sensor12 、 practical moisture sensor is to use the relationship between the measured substances (and) and moisture content toachieve moisture content measurement.A resistance valueB capacitance valueC voltage valueD current valueTwo. Fill in the blanks13, commonly used gas sensors according to the structure type can be divided into sintered, _________ and thick film type three.The main purpose of the 14 artificial vision system, image processing is ___________, image recognition for.15 methods, image processing and _____________________ calculus.16, the sliding sensor is refers to between the Department and the operation of inspection robot object tangential________________.17, the working principle of thermocouple temperature sensor is based on _____________________.Principle 18, brightness temperature sensor for object____________ transform with temperature, brightness of a narrow region and the measured object of spectrum and standard radiator compared to measure temperature.19, a semiconductor temperature sensor based on_____________________.20, including thermocouple thermoelectric EMF and_____________________ contact.21, when there is condensation inside the tape recorder, tape and drive mechanism between ______ will increase.In _____________ within the total radiation energy and the temperature dependence of temperature measurement object 22, radiation temperature sensor using.23, electronic hygrometer consisting of a detection part, a digital display and _______________.24, the gas sensor is a gas sensor will detect ____________ into electrical signals.Unit synthesis test three (eighth to ninth)Tip: classification, main test bridge application and working characteristics, types of filter, amplitude frequency characteristic, function and advantages, common methods of digital filter, digital analog conversion principle and technical index; sampling theorem, theorem and the resolution to four times subdivision principle, and the formation of the sources of interference and suppression methods, signal linearization signal processing method; the classification, description, description, amplitude frequency domain electromagnetic vibration exciter principle etc..First, the multiple-choice question1 、 the function of the bridge measuring circuit is to change the parameter of the sensor into (C) or the output change of the current.A resistor,B capacitor,C voltage,D charge2, the output voltage of a single arm bridge is 10V, and the output voltage is nonlinear relationship with the resistance change. After linearization, the output voltage is 10.2V, and the nonlinear error of the bridge is ()A 1.96%,B 2%,C 8%,D 92%3, if the detection system is not too high filter requirements, you can use ()A passive filter,B active filter,C low-pass filter,D high pass filter4, the resistance R in the band-pass filter circuit is increased, then the central angle frequency ().A increases B, decreases C, and D remains unchanged5 、 passive RC first-order high pass filter outputs the output voltage from (both) ends.A resistor, R,B capacitor,C C operational amplifier,D inductance, L6. The buffer is usually used at the output stage of the sampling humidifierA reduces the input impedance of the signal source, B, and increases the output impedance of the signal sourceC the input impedance of the smaller loadD increases the input impedance of the load7 、 in the grating displacement sensor with four times subdivision, the phase difference can not be determined according to the phase difference between two signalsA 45 degrees B, 90 degrees C, 135 degrees D, 180 degreesIn 8, by limiting the maximum deviation of the digital filter, if the limit deviation of delta Y is less than or equal to 0.01, the sampling value of 0.415, the last sampling value is 0.403, the sampling value should be (Yn)A 0.401,B 0.403,C 0.408,D 0.4159, the autocorrelation function of the periodic signal must be ()A periodic function, B, aperiodic, odd function, C, aperiodic even function, D linear function10, the known signal x (T) is completely related to the signal Y (T), and the correlation of the two signals satisfies ()A P XY (T) > 1B P XY (r = 1)C 0, XY < p < 1 (R),D XY (r = 0).11, the time delay is zero, the signal autocorrelation function is (signal)A mean,B mean square,C variance,D amplitude12, the Fu Liye transform of the known function x (T) is X (f), and the Fu Liye transform of function y (T) =x (-t) is ()A, X (f), B - X (f), C, X (-f), D - X (-f)Two. Fill in the blanks13, access bridge according to the measured resistance can be divided into different Wheatstone bridge and _____________.In 14, the bridge measurement circuit, according to the different __________ by bridge, bridge can be divided into direct current and alternating current bridge.15, in order to obtain the frequency signal of a certain frequency, can be used _______________.16, the signal frequency is higher than 500Hz, can be used for _______________ filter.17, RC low-pass filter RC value is higher, while lower cut-off frequency is _______________.18, in the sample and hold circuit, sampling switch off time is called _______________.19, if a grating of 25 lines / mm, is four times the resolution of _______________ division.20, the known function of X (T) of the Fourier transform of X (f), if x (T) is an odd function, X (f) for ___________.21, a resistor R and capacitor C in series and then connected in parallel to the power switch or relay ends RC absorption circuit, its function is _______________.22, if the relationship between the two signals is 0, indicating the two signal _______________.23, periodic signal spectrum harmonic, discrete and_______________.24, if the input function is x (T) and the output function of Y (T) coherent function gamma 2XY (?) =0, X (T) and Y (T)_______________.。
电磁流流量计专业英语
1、DEVICE SETUP————1、PROCESS VARIABLES————1、PV(瞬时流量)(设备设置)(过程变量) 2、TOTL(累积量)2、DIAG/SERVICE———1、TEST DEVICE——1、TEST/STATUS———1、STATUS (状态)(诊断及服务)(检测设置)(检测/状态) 2、SELF TEST(自检)2、AUTO ZERO(自动调零)3、ZERO TUNING(零点调整)—INHIBIT(禁止)ENABLE(允许)4、OUTPUT TRIM——1、D/A TRIM(从数字到模拟的修正)(输出修正)2、SCALED D/A TRIM(从设定了刻度的数字到模拟的修正)2、TOOP TEST(回路检测)3、STATUS OUT(状况输出)-- NORMAL(正常工作)CLOSED (ON)触点输出状态(ON)OPEN (OFF)触点输出状态(OFF)3、BASIC SETUP————1、PV UNIT(瞬时流量单位)—— GAL/MIN(基本设置) L/MINCUM/HFT/SM/SSPCL2、SPAN(量程)3、LINE SIZE(通径大小)4、PV DAMP(输出阻尼)5、TAG(位号)6、DESCRIPTOR(描述)7、MESSAGE(信息)8、DATE(日期)4、DETAILED SETUP——1、SENSOR——1、PV(瞬时流量)(详细设置)(传感器)2、FLOW UNITS——1、BASE VOL UNIT(流量单位)(基本体积单位)2、BASE TIME UNIT(基本时间单位)3、VELOCITY CHECK(速度检测)4、SENSOR CONFIG————1、SIZE UNIT(通径单位)(传感器设置)2、LINE SIZE(通径大小)3、LOW MF(低频仪表系数)4、HIGH MF(高频仪表系数)5、AUTO ZERO(自动调零)6、FLOW DIR (方向选择)2、INPUT(输入)——1、PV % RNGE(瞬时流量%显示)2、SPAN(量程)3、PV DAMP(输出阻尼)4、SIGNAL PROCESSING----1、RATE LIMIT(信号处理)(比例极限%)2、DEAD TIME(比例极限延迟采样时间)3、POWER SYNCH(内部频率与电源频率同步)4、POWER FREQ(电源频率)5、PULSING FLOW(消除脉动流)3、TOTALIZER(累积量)--1、TOTL(累积量)2、TOTAL UNIT——n UNIT/P(累积单位)u UNIT/Pm UNIT/PUNIT/Pk UNIT/Pm UNIT/PPULSE/s3、TOTAL SCALE(累积脉冲当量)4、TOTAL LOW CUT(累积量低限切除)5、TL SET VALUE(预设定值)6、TOTAL SET (累积预设定允许/禁止)7、TOTAL SWITCH(累积开关值)8、REVERSE TOTAL(反向累积值)9、DIF TOTAL(累积值之差)4、OUTPUTS--- 1、ANALOG SET————1、ANALOG LOW CUT(输出)(模拟值设定)(模拟值低限切除)2、ANALOG LOW LMT(模拟低限极限)3、ANALOG HI LMT(模拟高限极限)2、ANALOG OUTPUT(模拟输出)—— 1、PV AO(瞬时电流)2、PV AO ALRM TYP(瞬时电流报警类型)3、LOOP TEST(回路检测)4、OUTPUT TRIM(输出调整)5、4-20 ALARM OUT(4-20MA报警输出)3、HART OUTPUT(HART 输出)——— 1、POLL ADDR(地址)2、NUM REQ PREAMS(要求前文的数量)3、BURST MODE(猝发/脉冲方式)4、BURST OPTION(猝发/脉冲附加功能)4、FUNCTION SET(功能设定)———1、OUTPUT FUNCTION(输出功能)2、REVERSE SPAN(反方向量程)3、BI DIRECTION HYS(正、反流量测量滞后)4、FORWARD SPAN2(正向第二量程)5、AUTO RANGE HYS(二种量程改变时的滞后)6、LOW ALARM(流量下限报警点)7、LOW ALARM HYS(流量下限报警滞后)5、PULSE OUTPUT(脉冲输出)———1、PULSE UNIT(脉冲当量单位)2、PULSE SCALE(脉冲当量)3、PULSE LOW CUT(脉冲下限切除值)4、PULSE WIDTH(输出脉冲宽度)6、DISP OUTPUT(显示输出)——— 1、DISP SELECT(表头显示选择)2、F1 USER SEL(用户自定义单位)3、F1 USER SPAN(用户自定义量程)7、APPL SET—————1、TOTAL/PULSE(选择用在累积/脉冲的是瞬时流量还是延时流量)2、OUTPUT MODE(脉冲输出晶体管设定)3、ENPTY PIPE(空管报警)5、DEVICE INFO(设备信息)- 1、MANUFACTURER (生产厂家)2、TAG(位号)3、DESCRIPTOR(描述)4、MESSAGE(信息)5、DATE(日期)6、DEV ID(设备ID)7、WRITE PROTECT(写保护)8、REVISION#’S(设备版本)5、REVIEW(设备信息一览)——1、REVIEW 1(1号设备信息一览)2、REVIEW 2(2号设备信息一览)3、REVIEW 3(2号设备信息一览)2、PV3、PV AO4、SPAN。
sensor的原理
sensor的原理
传感器是一种用于感知和测量环境中各种物理量的装置。
它通过将物理量转换为电信号或其他形式的信号,使得这些物理量能够被电子设备识别和处理。
传感器的原理通常基于一定的物理效应或现象。
以下是几种常见的传感器原理:
1. 压力传感器:利用压力对某种物质(如金属或硅)的形变产生的变化来测量压力。
例如,压力导致物质的形变,进而改变其电阻、电容或电感等参数,从而实现对压力的测量。
2. 温度传感器:利用物体温度与某种物理性质(如电阻、电压或热电效应等)之间的关系进行测量。
这些物理性质在不同温度下会有不同的变化,通过测量这些变化即可得到温度信息。
3. 光传感器:利用光电效应来测量光的强度、颜色或波长等。
具体原理可分为光电二极管、光电三极管、光电导、光敏电阻等,通过对光信号的敏感材料的光电特性的变化来实现对光信号的测量。
4. 位置传感器:通过测量物体位置或运动状态来获取位置信息。
常见的位置传感器有电感、激光测距、声波测距、磁场测距等。
这些传感器依赖于不同的物理效应,如电感变化、激光或声波的反射时间等。
5. 加速度传感器:利用物理量加速度与物体位置或速度的变化
率之间的关系进行测量。
加速度传感器通常使用压电效应或微机电系统(MEMS)技术来实现,其中压电传感器通过测量压电陶瓷或晶片的压电效应来检测加速度。
这些传感器原理的应用范围非常广泛,包括工业自动化、交通运输、环境监测、医疗设备等领域。
通过传感器的精确测量,我们能够对物理世界进行更深入的了解,并提供基础数据用于各种应用和系统的构建。
Sensor-1简介
技術組內部培訓用Sensor 簡介Martin WangOct, 2010技術組內部培訓用成像原理:技術組內部培訓用差異比較:•原色CCD / 補色CCD•CCD的第二層是『分色濾色片』,目前有兩種分色方式,一是RGB 原色分色法,另一個則是CMYG補色分色法。
這兩種方法各有利幣。
不過以產量來看,原色和補色CCD的比例約在2:1左右。
•原色CCD的優勢在於,畫質銳利,色彩真實,但缺點則是雜訊問題。
因此,同學們可以注意,一般採用原色CCD的數位相機,在ISO感光度上多半不會超過400。
相對的補色CCD多了一個Y 黃色濾色器,在色彩的分辨上比較仔細,但卻犧牲了部分影像解析度,而在ISO值上,補色CCD可以容忍較高的感度,一般都可設定在800以上。
技術組內部培訓用色彩處理:技術組內部培訓用Image Constructed with Bayer Pattern技術組內部培訓用CCD ISO感光能力技術組內部培訓用ISO感光能力•數位相機最大的ISO值主要是取決於最低的可接受的信噪比(S/N)。
克服S/N 的最大關鍵乃是位於元件中的『電極暗電流-Black level』電壓電荷。
是指在沒有入射光的情況下sensor所仍輸出之電壓電荷訊號,理想的應該是零。
S/N的強度還會隨溫度增高而增加(每增加10℃,S/N可能增加1倍)。
因此,在連續使用數位相機過久的情況下,機體溫度過熱會導致畫面的雜訊增加。
•簡化來自特定區域sensor上的畫素信號來提高ISO 表現(因為無法在物理上增大感光面積,只好聯合矩陣在處理上『模擬』大感光面積的方式,所以ISO 越高就必須相對的降低解析度-見下圖),但這也相對的降低了影像的色調範圍。
而軟體處理則是根據數據運算,取得合理的曝光表現,但通常也會伴隨著雜訊的產生。
技術組內部培訓用技術組內部培訓用CCD的排列:•FUJI Fine Pix 4700就是採用這種作法。
FUJIFILM所開發之「SUPER CCD」是將CCD畫素本體以45度角回轉,呈蜂巢式狀排列(參閱下圖),結果是將PHOTO diode間的配線部不要實現其大型化。
sensor不良原因及对策
强烈的振动和冲击会对sensor的机械结构和电气连接造成损坏,导致 性能下降或失效。
化学物质侵蚀
某些化学物质可能对sensor的材料造成侵蚀和破坏,导致性能下降或 失效。
04
sensor不良对策制定
针对设计原因的对策
01
02
03
优化设计
引入仿真技术
强化设计审查
对sensor的结构、电路等进行优 化,提高设计的合理性和可靠性, 减少设计缺陷导致的不良。
sensor不良原因及对策
目录
• 引言 • sensor不良现象及影响 • sensor不良原因分析 • sensor不良对策制定 • sensor不良对策实施与效果评估 • 总结与展望
01
引言
目的和背景
提高产品质量
sensor作为产品的重要组成部分,其性能直 接影响产品质量,因此分析sensor不良原因 并提出对策对提高产品质量具有重要意义。
建立材料数据库
建立材料数据库,对材料的性能、来源、批次等信息进行记录和追 踪,方便后续分析和改进。
针对生产工艺原因的对策
完善生产工艺
01
对生产工艺进行全面分析和优化,确保生产工艺的稳定性和可
靠性。
加强过程控制
02
引入先进的过程控制技术,对生产过程中的关键参数进行实时
监控和调整,确保产品质量。
强化员工培训
03
提高员工技能和素质,确保员工能够熟练掌握生产工艺和操作
规范,减少人为因素导致的不良。
针对使用环境因素的对策
明确使用环境要求
在产品说明书中明确sensor的使用环境要求, 包括温度、湿度、振动等参数范围。
加强环境适应性设计
在产品设计阶段考虑不同使用环境的影响,进 行针对性的环境适应性设计。
Honeywell T9275 温控器操作说明书
发布时间:2012-12-10:赵玉甫
霍尼韦尔控制器T9275内部
符号说明
接通电源后,如果画面只显示OFF,长按SELECT可直接进入。
1、SENSOR:0 表示内置传感器,1 表示外置传感器;预设0。
2、MODE:0 AO为制冷模式,DO 无;
1 AO为制热模式,DO 无;
2 AO为制冷模式,DO 为制热模式;
3 AO为制热模式,DO 为制冷模式;
4 AO为制冷模式,DO 为LOW TEMPLIMIT;
5 AO为制热模式,DO 为HIGH TEMPLIMIT;
3、MANUAL:0 表示自动控制,1 表示手动输出控制(0~100%);预设为0。
4、DISPLAY:0 表示LCD上方显示环境温度,下方显示设定温度;
1 表示LCD上方显示输出百分比,下方显示环境温度。
预设为0。
5、F1:积分时间,预设15秒,范围:0.1~60秒。
6、F2:显示高低温报警,SENSOR 1时,10~60℃;SENSOR 2时,
-20~110℃;预设30℃,
7、OFFSET:温度补偿校正,范围:-3~+3℃;预设0℃。
8、PBAND:比例带,2~19之间。
9、DIFF:动作偏差,范围:0~3℃;预设0℃。
同时使用制冷及制
热时,其中一点DO控制时,可设定DIFFERENTIAL
VALUE使温度控制于偏差范围内。
10、ZBAND:零能源带,范围:1.5~+3℃;预设1.5℃。
同时使用制
冷及制热时,本功能才有作用,温度在ZBAND范围
内,不做控制。
sensor温度传感器1概要
接 触 式
热电效应 接 触 式 频率变化 光学特性 声学特性 非 接 触 式 亮度法 热辐射 — 全辐射法 比色法 红外法 气流变化
3.2 膨胀式传感器
1.玻璃温度计 2.压力温度计 3.双金属温度计 膨胀式测温是基于物体受热时产生膨胀的原理 膨胀式温度计种类很多,按膨胀基体可分成液 体膨胀式玻璃温度计、液体或气体膨胀式压力 温度计及固体膨胀式双金属温度计。
工业生产自动化流程,温度测量点要占全部测量点的 一半左右。 因此,人类离不开温度,当然也离不开温度传感器。
温度传感器是实现温度检测和控制的重要器件。在种类 繁多的传感器中,温度传感器是应用最广泛、发展最快 的传感器之一。
温度测量的基本概念
温度标志着物 质内部大量分子无 规则运动的剧烈程 度。温度越高,表 示物体内部分子热 运动越剧烈。
固体长度随温度变化的情况可用下式表示:
L1 L0 1 k t1 t0
基于固体受热膨胀原理,测量温度通常是把两 片线膨胀系数差异相对很大的金属片叠焊在一 起,构成双金属片感温元件当温度变化时,因 双金属片的两种不同材料线膨胀系数差异相对 很大而产生不同的膨胀和收缩,导致双金属片 产生弯曲变形。下图是双金属温度计原理图:
玻璃温度计的分类: • 全浸式:测温准确度高, 但读刻度困难,使用操 作不便。 • 局浸式:读数容易,但 测量误差较大,即使采 取修正措施其误差比全 浸式仍要大好几倍或更 多。
•
V形工业玻璃温度计
3.2.2 压力温度传感器
压力温度计是根据一 定质量的液体、气体、 在体积不变的条件下 其压力与温度呈确定 函数关系的原理实现 其测温功能的。 压力温度计的典型结 构示意图
☻ 热电效应:为两种不同类型的金属导体,导体两端分别接 在一起构成闭合回路,当两个结点温度不等有温差时回路 里会产生热电势,形成电流,这种现象称为热电效应。
传感器的名词解释是什么呢
传感器的名词解释是什么呢传感器的名词解释是什么呢?传感器(Sensor),是一种用于感知和测量环境中物理量的装置或设备,其作用是将感知到的信号转换为对应的电信号,并传递给相应的控制系统进行处理和判断。
传感器广泛应用于各个领域,如工业自动化、军事设备、农业技术、医疗设备等,是现代科技发展的重要组成部分。
一、传感器的基本原理和作用传感器的基本原理是通过一系列的物理和化学过程感知和测量环境中的物理量。
常见的物理量包括温度、压力、湿度、光线、声音、重力等。
传感器通过感知环境中的这些物理量,并将其转换为电信号,以便被处理器或控制系统识别和分析。
不同种类的传感器有不同的原理和作用,下面我将介绍几种常见的传感器。
二、温度传感器温度传感器是一种用于测量环境中温度的传感器。
它根据物质的温度变化产生的热电势或电阻的变化来感知温度。
常见的温度传感器有热电偶、热电阻和半导体温度传感器等。
热电偶通过两根不同金属导线的热电效应来感知温度的变化,产生的微小电压信号可以被读取和测量。
热电阻是利用金属电阻随温度变化的特性来测量温度的。
而半导体温度传感器则是利用半导体材料在温度变化时导电特性的改变来测量温度。
三、压力传感器压力传感器是一种用于测量物体表面压力的传感器。
它通过感知物体受到的力的大小来测量压力。
常见的压力传感器有压阻式传感器、电容式传感器和压电式传感器等。
压阻式传感器通过测量受压物体上的电阻值来获取压力大小。
电容式传感器则是利用受压物体表面的电容值与压力成正比的原理来测量压力。
压电式传感器则是通过物体的压力引起压电材料的形变,进而产生电荷信号来测量压力。
四、光照传感器光照传感器是一种用于测量环境中光强度的传感器。
它通过感知环境中光线的强弱来测量光照的变化。
常见的光照传感器有光敏电阻、光电二极管和光电三极管等。
光敏电阻是一种利用光照时电阻值的变化来测量光强度的传感器。
光敏电阻的电阻值随光照的变化而变化,通过测量电阻值的变化可以得到光照的强度。
摄像头镜头参数概念-sensor简介分析知识讲解
7
一.Lens基本参数
MTF与SFR
8
一.Lens基本参数
畸变(Distortion) 物体通过光学系统后实际像高与理想像高的差值
若物点离开光轴越远,放 大率越大,就产生正畸变, 如果物点离开光轴越远, 放大率越小则产生负畸变
畸变只影响图形的变形,并不影响画面清晰度,但却影响像的真实度
9
一.Lens基本参数
Lens&sensor
ADAS相关 2016/06/27
一.Lens基本参数
Lens 结构
2
一.Lens基本参数
光圈数F
光通量与光圈数的平方成反比,F越大,光通量越小
例:F/2.0 (指光学系统直径=焦距f/2.0)
当类似2.0这个数值越大,焦距一定时,光学系统直径越小,通过该系统的光 就越少。
15
二.Sensor
信噪比(SNR):反映摄像机成像的抗干扰能力;反应在画质上就是画面是否 干净无噪点。 上电过程中机体升温效应,CCD或COMS上的残留能量以致于机身零部件本身 等,甚至来自外界的电磁波干扰都有可能引起画面噪声增大 (规格书上SNR的数据仅供参考:与测试环境,方法,解析软件,人为等均有 一定关系)
人类的眼睛之所以把一些物体看成白色的是因为人的大脑可以侦测并且更正像这样的 色彩改变,因此不论在阳光、阴霾的天气、室内或荧光下,人们所看到的白色物体颜 色依旧。
常用sensor的使用和调整方法
两种真空发生器真空sensor调整方法:当真空发生器真空产生并吸住wafer时,调整 sensor旋钮,使真空指示灯亮并再调强15度即可。
二、sensor的调整
7、液位sensor调整:
液位有无检测:当液位时,sensor亮黄灯,当无液位时亮黄灯,调节sensor旋钮可调 节检测灵敏度。调整sensor固定螺母可改变检测位置。
二、sensor的调整
3:接近sensor
பைடு நூலகம்
二、sensor的调整
4、微动开关 原理:机械检测片触摸微动头,产生动合 开关信号。 调整方法:调整检测片的距离,使检测片 能够产生动合动作,并产生开关信号给控 制系统。具体参看附图:
二、sensor的调整
4、微动开关
检测物体运动行程是否到达,到达时,微动开关检测头压下,产生开关信号。调整微 动开关位置即可调整检测位置。
二、sensor的调整
2:光电sensor的调整
a: 红外sensor检测到物体,正常工作将指示红灯。此sensor左边旋钮为 高 低电平选择,右边旋钮为灵敏度选择。
二、sensor的调整
2:光电sensor的调整
b: 激光sensor,作用通过反光片反光检测位置。调整LASER sensor位置,使 sensor上指示灯黄灯亮,即LASER sensor正常工作。
二、sensor的调整
1:磁簧感应开关sensor的调整 原理:通过电磁感应,用来检测气缸动作过 程。 方法:调整气缸进出对应磁簧感应开关 sensor的位置,使它产生检测信号,即亮 灯,输出高电平。参看附图:
二、sensor的调整
1:磁簧感应开关sensor的调整
二、sensor的调整
按照工业标准1英寸=25.4mm,而在电子元件成像领域Sensor尺寸1英寸=16mm。
我们平常所说的ccdcmos的尺寸实际上是指sensor对角线的长度这一点跟我们平常所说的屏幕尺寸是一样的
按照工业标准 1英寸 =25.4mm,而在电子元件成像领域 Sensor尺 寸 1英寸 =16mm。
按照工业标准1英寸=25.4mm,而在电子元件成像领域Sensor尺寸1英寸=16mm。 我们平常所说的CCD/CMOS的尺寸,实际上是指Sensor对角线的长度,这一点跟我们平常所说的屏幕尺寸是一样的。 按照最开始CCD应用在摄像机上的标准12.8mm*9.6mm的面积,对角线尺寸为16mm,所以Sensor尺寸的1就是指对角线16mm。 那么我们以1/2.5"CMOS来计算下mm单位下的尺寸: 1/2.5"CMOS:(12.8/2.55)*(9.6/2.55)=5.02mm*3.76mm
海尔电器 Series 2 建筑内烤箱 HBF010BR1Z说明书
Series 2, Built-in Oven, 60 x 60 cm, Stainless steelHBF010BR1Z1 x enamel baking tray, 1 x combination grid, 1 x universal panHEZ317000 Pizza pan, enamelledHEZ327000 Pizza stoneHEZ431002 Baking tray, grey enamelledHEZ432002 Multipurpose pan, grey enamelledHEZ434002 Wire shelfHEZ333001 Lid for professional panHEZ333073 Professional pan, suit. pyrolytic clean.HEZ425001 Grill trayHEZ864000 Glass trayHEZ915003 Glass roasting dish, 5,4 L roastingSensor: simply reliable roasting.• 3D Hotair: perfect results thanks to optimal distribution of heat on up to 3 levels simultaneously.Built-in / Free-standing: ...........................................................Built-in Integrated Cleaning system: ...........................................................No Min. required niche size for installation (HxWxD): 575-597 x 560-568 x 550 mmDimensions: ........................................................595 x 594 x 548 mm Dimensions of the packed product (HxWxD): .....660 x 681 x 660 mm Control Panel Material: ................................................Stainless steel Door Material: ............................................................................Glass Net weight: ..............................................................................31.0 kg Usable volume of cavity: ...............................................................66 l Cooking method: ........Defrost setting, Hot Air, Conventional top and bottom heat, Hot air grilling, Full width variable grillFirst cavity material: ..................................................................Other Oven control: ....................................................................mechanical Number of interior lights: .. (1)Length electrical supply cord: ..............................................100.0 cm EAN code: (4242005317974)Number of cavities (2010/30/EC): (1)Energy efficiency rating: ....................................................................A Energy consumption per cycle conventional (2010/30/EC): ........0.98 kWh/cycleEnergy consumption per cycle forced air convection (2010/30/EC):0.82 kWh/cycleEnergy efficiency index (2010/30/EC): .....................................98.8 % Connection rating: ..................................................................3300 W Fuse protection: ...........................................................................16 A Voltage: ...............................................................................220-240 V Frequency: .................................................................................50 Hz Plug type: ................................................................South Africa plug Included accessories: 1 x enamel baking tray, 1 x combination grid, 1 x universal panSeries 2, Built-in Oven, 60 x 60 cm, Stainless steelHBF010BR1ZroastingSensor: simply reliable roasting.Type of oven / heating system:- Oven with 5 heating methods: Hot air cooking, Conventional top and bottom heat, Hot air grilling, Defrost setting, Variable full width grill- Temperature range 50 °C - 270 °C- Cavity volume: 66 lDesign:- Rotary ControlCleaning:- Sheet metal doorComfort:- Drop down door- Rapid heating-up- Halogen interior lighting- Integral cooling fan- Bar handleAccessory:- 1 x enamel baking tray, 1 x combination grid, 1 x universal pan Technical Info:- Length of mains cable: 100 cm- Nominal voltage: 220 - 240 V- Total connected load electric: 3.3 KW- Energy efficiency rating (acc. EU Nr. 65/2014): A- Energy consumption per cycle in conventional mode:0.98 kWh- Energy consumption per cycle in fan-forced convection mode:0.82 kWh- Number of cavities: 1 Heat source: electrical Cavity volume:66 l Dimensions:- Appliance dimension (hxwxd): 595 mm x 594 mm x 548 mm- Niche dimension (hxwxd): 560 mm - 568 mm x 575 mm - 597 mm x 550 mm- “Please reference the built-in dimensions provided in the installation drawing”General Information- Number of door glasses: 2Series 2, Built-in Oven, 60 x 60 cm,Stainless steel HBF010BR1Z。
OBD2故障码大全1
OBD-II 故障码的意义和分类:
SAE 将 OBD-II 故障码 5 个字组合而成,第 1 个字为英文代码,第 2 个到第 5 个
码为数字码。
故障码前 2 个字分别代表下列不同定义:
P0 引擎变速箱电脑控制系统由 SAE 统一制定的故障码
节汽门传感器的电压无法和进气压力传感器的电压配
P0121
合(CHRYSER)
P0122 节汽门传感器讯号电压太低
P0122
辅整助节汽门传感器讯号太高
P0123 节汽门传感器线路电压太高
OBD II 码 内 容
P0172 混合比太浓(BANK 1)
P0173 燃料修正失效(BANK 2)
P0174 混合比太稀 (BANK 2)
P0175 混合比太浓 (BANK 2)
空气压力传感器系统电压值不正确或打马达时当引擎发
P0106
动后 MAP 讯号相同(FORD)
P0107 空气压力传器系统输入电压太低
P0108 空气压力传器系统输入电压太高
P0109 进气温度传感器线路间歇性不良
P0110 进气温度传感器线路间歇性不良
P00XX SAE 预留部份
故障码(P0000~P0999)SAE 统一规定部份
故障码(P1000~以后)各厂家自行制定部份
(P0000~P0999)SAE 统一规定的部份:
故障码(P0000~P0131)
OBD II 码 内 容
OBD-II 故障码 系 统 区 分
P01XX 燃料和进气系统
P02XX 燃料和进气系统
P03XX 点火系统
P04XX 废气控制相关系统
传感器1
每种工艺技术都有自己的优点和不足。由于研究、开发和生产所需的资本投入较低,以及传感器参数的高稳定性等原因,采用陶瓷和厚膜传感器比较合理。
按测量目分类
组合型传感器:是由不同单个变换装置组合而构成的传感器。
应用型传感器:是基本型传感器或组合型传感器与其他机构组合而构成的传感器。
按作用形式分类
按作用形式可分为主动型和被动型传感器。
主动型传感器又有作用型和反作用型,此种传感器对被测对象能发出一定探测信号,能检测探测信号在被测对象中所产生的变化,或者由探测信号在被测对象中产生某种效应而形成信号。检测探测信号变化方式的称为作用型,检测产生响应而形成信号方式的称为反作用型。雷达与无线电频率范围探测器是作用型实例,而光声效应分析装置与激光分析器是反作用型实例。
物理型传感器是利用被测量物质的某些物理性质发生明显变化的特性制成的。
化学型传感器是利用能把化学物质的成分、浓度等化学量转化成电学量的敏感元件制成的。
生物型传感器是利用各种生物或生物物质的特性做成的,用以检测与识别生物体内化学成分的传感器。
按其构成分类
基本型传感器:是一种最基本的单个变换装置。
用作压阻式传感器的基片(或称膜片)材料主要为硅片和锗片,硅片为敏感材料而制成的硅压阻传感器越来越受到人们的重视,尤其是以测量压力和速度的固态压阻式传感器应用最为普遍。
热电阻传感器
热电阻测温是基于金属导体的电阻值随温度的增加而增加这一特性来进行温度测量的。 传感器(图6)
热电阻大都由纯金属材料制成,目前应用最多的是铂和铜,此外,现在已开始采用镍、锰和铑等材料制造热电阻。
RK3566RK3568平台上的Camera使用指南
MIPI CSI用法RK3566/RK3568平台仅有一个标准物理mipi csi2dphy,可以工作在两个模式:full mode和split mode,拆分为csi2_dphy0/csi2_dphy1/csi2_dphy2三个逻辑dphy(参见rk3568.dtsi)Full Mode仅使用csi2_dphy0,csi2_dphy0与csi2_dphy1/csi2_dphy2互斥,不可同时使用;data lane最大4lanes;最大速率2.5Gbps/lane;Split Mode仅使用csi2_dphy1和csi2_dphy2,与csi2_dphy0互斥,不可同时使用;csi2_dphy1和csi2_dphy2可同时使用;csi2_dphy1和csi2_dphy2各自的data lane最大是2lanes;csi2_dphy1对应物理dphy的lane0/lane1;csi2_dphy2对应物理dphy的lane2/lane3;最大速率2.5Gbps/lane简单点来讲,如果用单目摄像头我们可以配置full mode,若使用双目摄像头我们可以配置split modeFull Mode配置链接关系:sensor->csi2_dphy0->ispFull Mode设备树配置要点配置sensor端我们需要根据板子原理图的MIPI CSI接口找到sensor是挂在哪个I2C总线上,然后在对应的I2C节点配置camera节点,正确配置camera模组的I2C设备地址、引脚等属性。
如下ROC-RK3566-PC的xc7160配置:&i2c4{status="okay";XC7160:XC7160b@1b{status="okay";compatible="firefly,xc7160";reg=<0x1b>;clocks=<&cru CLK_CIF_OUT>;clock-names="xvclk";power-domains=<&power RK3568_PD_VI>;pinctrl-names="default";pinctrl-0=<&cif_clk>;power-gpios=<&gpio4RK_PB6GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;reset-gpios=<&gpio4RK_PB0GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;pwdn-gpios=<&gpio4RK_PB7GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;firefly,clkout-enabled-index=<0>;rockchip,camera-module-index=<0>;rockchip,camera-module-facing="back";rockchip,camera-module-name="NC";rockchip,camera-module-lens-name="NC";port{xc7160_out:endpoint{remote-endpoint=<&mipi_in_ucam4>;data-lanes=<1234>;};};};};csi2_dphy0相关配置csi2_dphy0与csi2_dphy1/csi2_dphy2互斥,不可同时使用。
sensor 指标
sensor 指标SENSOR指标是指用于衡量传感器性能的一组指标。
传感器是一种能够感知和测量环境中各种物理量的装置,如温度、湿度、压力、光线等。
而SENSOR指标则是用来评估传感器性能的重要标准,它涵盖了传感器的精度、灵敏度、响应时间、稳定性等方面。
首先,精度是SENSOR指标中的关键指标之一。
传感器的精度指的是传感器输出值与实际值之间的偏差程度,精度越高,表示传感器输出的数据越接近实际数值,反之则表示精度较低。
传感器的精度直接影响着其在实际应用中的可靠性和准确性。
其次,灵敏度也是SENSOR指标中的重要指标。
传感器的灵敏度指的是传感器输出值对输入信号变化的响应程度,灵敏度越高,表示传感器能够更准确地感知环境中的微小变化,反之则表示灵敏度较低。
传感器的灵敏度对于捕捉环境中微弱信号具有重要意义。
此外,响应时间也是SENSOR指标中需要考虑的指标之一。
传感器的响应时间指的是传感器从接收到输入信号到输出稳定的时间,响应时间越短,表示传感器能够更快速地对环境变化做出反应,反之则表示响应时间较长。
传感器的响应时间直接影响着其在实际应用中的实时性和灵活性。
最后,稳定性也是SENSOR指标中需要关注的指标之一。
传感器的稳定性指的是传感器在长时间使用过程中输出值的波动程度,稳定性越高,表示传感器输出值的波动越小,反之则表示稳定性较差。
传感器的稳定性对于长期监测和控制应用至关重要。
综上所述,SENSOR指标是评估传感器性能的重要指标体系,其中精度、灵敏度、响应时间和稳定性是需要重点关注的指标。
通过对这些指标的全面评估,可以更准确地了解传感器的性能特点,为其在各种应用场景中的合理选择和使用提供重要参考。
衰减系数为1的电感式传感器
㯆ブ㻖㭞㸋1⭥ ⮈ⶱ㬞⪌ⶱ㡘 SENSORS WITH REDUCTION FACTOR 1
㵍䄜ⶱ䇇㉁㏌㋪ネ⥃㰚䇱㆑㭕᱂ ONE FOR ALL ǂ
㛛⳨⧄㤆⨟᷍㧈⺜⪌ⶱ㡘㚽⹜ネ⥃ⱁ䐷㆑㭕 ⱙ㸿㿉㆙㾱⮘ㅻ᱃⤯㭞ⷝⶥ᱃㸿㿉㵄⹅᷍㚨 㗕⪬⪌ⶱ㡘㋑⧧㬨䄜㌏㪉ェ㈌㑝⭥⪌ⶱ㡘᱄ You know that a sensor is well designed if it can detect more than one metal with no adjustments, no modifications, and no downtime.
18GM 15 mm 䴲唤ᑇ NRN15-18GM50-E2-V1
30GM 15 mm 唤ᑇ NRB15-30GM50-E2-V1
30GM 30 mm 䴲唤ᑇ NRN30-30GM50-E2-V1
Varikont L 20 mm 唤ᑇ NRB20-L3-A2-V1
Varikont L 35 mm 䴲唤ᑇ NRN35-L3-A2-V1
㏁㾮DESIGN ⶱ䇇㉁㏌OPERATING DISTANCE 㾮子DESIGNATION
6,5M 2 mm 唤ᑇ NRB2-6,5M50-E2-V3
6,5M 6 mm 䴲唤ᑇ NRN6-6,5M50-E2-V3
8GM 2 mm 唤ᑇ NRB2-8GM40-E2-V1
8GM 6 mm 䴲唤ᑇ NRN6-8GM40-E2-V1
Pepperl+Fuchs continuously provides new impulses for the world of automation and sets standards for quality and innovative technology. We develop, produce and sell electronic sensors and interface components worldwide. Due to our global presence and the high flexibility in production and services, we offer you individual complete solutions – where you need us.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
eresis
A transducer should be capable of following the changes in the input parameter regardless of the direction from which the change occurs. Hysteresis is a measure of this property.
Sensitivity
The sensitivity of the sensor is defined as the slope of the output characteristic curve. It is the minimum input of physical parameter that will create a detectable output change. In some sensors, the sensitivity is defined as the input parameter change required to produce a standardized output change.
Accuracy
The accuracy of the sensor is the maximum difference that will exist between the actual value and the indicated value at the output of the sensor.
Sensor Definition:
A sensor is a device that detects a change in a physical stimulus and turns it into a signal which can be measured or recorded (the sensing element). E.g. Thermistor changes temperature to resistance A transducer is a device that transfers power from one system to another in the same or in different form (the element + the circuitry) e.g. thermistor + bridge circuit change temperature to a voltage
Dynamic Range
The dynamic range is the total range of the sensor from minimum to maximum.
Rdyn ymax ymin
Precision
Precision refers to the degree of reproducibility of a measurement. In other words, if exactly the same value was measured a number of times, an ideal sensor would output exactly the same value every time.
Response time
A sensor does not change output state immediately when an input parameter change occurs. The change occurs over a period of time, called the response time. The response time can be defined as the time required for a sensor output to change from its previous state to a final settled value within an error tolerance band of the correct new value.
Application in Civil Engineering
• • • • Construction Health monitoring Structural control Transportation
Sensor Specification
•Sensitivity •Accuracy •Speed of response •Overload characteristics •Hysteresis •Operating life •Stability (short or long term) •Monotonicity •Cost, size, weight •Stimulus range •Resolution •Selectivity •Environmental conditions •Linearity •Output format •Precision •Offset
Field of Applications
•Agriculture •Civil engineering •Automotive •Energy, power •Health, medicine •Manufacturing •Military •Scientific measurement •Domestic, appliances •Environment, meteorology, •Security •Information, telecommunication •Marine •Recreation, toys •Space •Others
Offset
The offset is an error in the output when it should be zero. Adjustment can usually be made to eliminate or minimize this error. The ideal curve exist at only one temperature (usually 25oC).
Sensitivity
• Sensitivity is defined as the change in output per change in input. • Sensitivity of digital sensors is closely related to resolution. • Sensitivity of analog sensors is the slope of the output versus input. • Sensor with linear behavior exhibits constant sensitivity over the entire input range.
Passive Versus Active Sensors
An active sensor is one that requires an external AC or DC electrical source to power the device.
For example:
Resistive strain gauge that usually requires a 7.5 V DC regulated power supply to operate. Without that power supply, there is no output from the sensor. An LVDT also requires external power
Sensors for Health Monitoring Applications: Lecture 1
Peter Chang University of Maryland
Outline
• • • • Sensor characteristics and specifications Method of sensing Sensors used in SHM MEMS sensors
Monotonicity
Monotonicity is another measure of linearity. A monotonic curve is one in which the dependent variable always either increases or decreases as the independent variable increases. Sensors do not have to be linear to be consider monotonic.
Passive sensors
A passive sensor is one that either provides its own energy or derives it from the phenomenon being measured.
For example:
A thermocouple to measure temperature; a paint that cracks at a certain level of strain; a reflector
Resolution
Resolution is the smallest increment of input that can be reliably detected. Resolution of a digital sensor is easily determined Resolution of analog sensors is usually limited only by low-level electrical noise and is often much better than equivalent digital sensors.