在ubuntu8.04上安装kerrighed-2.3.0 cluster

在ubuntu 8.04上安装kerrighed 2.3.0 cluster参考原文：Setting Up A Diskless-boot Kerrighed 2.4.1 Cluster in Ubuntu 8.04本实验中用了三台机器，一台作为server（运行Ubuntu 8.04，内核任意），另外两台作为client。

Server不需要安装Kerrighed内核，他只作为服务器，为Client节点提供网络以及文件系统等支持。

Server通过DHCP、TFTP服务为Client进行网络安装操作系统，并通过NFS为Client提供全局文件系统支持。

Server有两个网卡，一个对外，一个对内。

本实验中对外的网卡为eth1，其IP与本实验无关；对内的网卡为eth0，其IP为192.168.1.1，子网掩码为255.255.255.0。

这个安装向导分为两个部分：第一部分是配置服务器，让节点可以使用当前的kernel 无盘启动；第二部分是安装与配置Kerrighed 2.3.0。

为了简单，本文大多内容直接原文拷贝，所以是英文，个别地方做了修改，或采用中文说明。

另外，重要的补充说明用红字体标示。

Part 1: 建立无盘启动的Ubuntu serverThis will be the basis of our cluster. In order to get a working diskless boot server, there are four main components you'll need to install: a DHCP server to assign IP addresses to each node, a TFTP server to boot the kernel for each node over the network, an NFS server toallow the nodes to share a filesystem, and a minimal Ubuntu 8.04 installation for them to share.These server components will all run on one box; this box will be your 'head node' or the controller for the cluster. Let's get started!1.1: Setting up the DHCP serverDHCP is what will allow the nodes to get IP addresses from the server. We want to set up and configure a DHCP daemon to run on the server and give IP addresses only to nodes it recognises, so we will tell the daemon their MAC addresses.First install the DHCP server package with aptitude or apt-get, as root:# aptitude install dhcp3-server补充说明：从此处开始，后续会有很多操作涉及aptitude install或者apt-get install，这些都需要联网操作。

那么，在无法上网的情况下，如何安装这些软件呢？一种相对简单的方式是：一次性的把所有的软件安装在另一台上网机上，然后拷贝这些软件到非上网机。

此次实验采取的即是这种方法，详细说明见附录一。

当然，也可以在本地局域网配置一个软件源，只要添加这个源即可，但源非常庞大，下载较麻烦，暂时未使用该方法。

修改内网卡的IP为192.168.1.1，掩码为255.255.255.0，网关为192.168.1.0，DNS为192.168.1.1。

Check that the DHCP server configuration file, /etc/default/dhcp3-server, contains the correct Ethernet card to listen to DHCP requests from the nodes: this will be the card that does not connect to the Internet. If you put the wrong card into this file, bad things will happen: your server will start listening to DHCP requests on the LAN and denying them all, since they don't come from nodes. Make sure you know which is the right card! =] In this case it is eth0, so make the configuration file look like this:# /etc/default/dhcp3-server #interfaces="eth0"Now you need to configure the DHCP daemon to issue addresses only to nodes, and tell it which addresses to give them. Make sure you have the MAC addresses of your nodes' Ethernet cards handy - you can get them by issuing the command ifconfig as root from a live DVD or USB stick, for instance, or they may be written on the nodes' casing or on stickers stuck to the cards. You can also just boot the cluster and watch the error messages, picking out the MACs from the denied requests. Edit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf,DHCP's daemon configuration file, so it looks like the following. (Don't worry that the file references certain things you haven't actually installed yet, like a PXE bootloader; you'll put these things in later.)# /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf ## General optionsoption dhcp-max-message-size 2048;use-host-decl-names on;deny unknown-clients; # This will stop any non-node machines from appearing on the cluster network.deny bootp;# DNS settingsoption domain-name "kerrighed"; # Just an example name - call it whatever you want.option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1; # The server's IP address, manually configured earlier.# Information about the network setupsubnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {option routers 192.168.1.1; # Server IP as above.option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; # Broadcast address for your network.}# Declaring IP addresses for nodes and PXE infogroup {filename "pxelinux.0"; # PXE bootloader. Path is relative to/var/lib/tftpbootoption root-path "192.168.1.1:/nfsroot/kerrighed"; # Location of the bootable filesystem on NFS serverhost kerrighednode1 {fixed-address 192.168.1.101; # IP address for the first node, kerrighednode1 for example.hardware ethernet 01:2D:61:C7:17:86; # MAC address of the node's ethernet adapter}host kerrighednode2 {fixed-address 192.168.1.102;hardware ethernet 01:2D:61:C7:17:87;}server-name "kerrighedserver"; # Name of the server. Call it whatever you like.next-server 192.168.1.1; # Server IP, as above.}Now you're done configuring DHCP, so your nodes will be able to get IPs. It's time to add the functionality that will allow the server to transfer a kernel to them afterwards.1.2: Setting up the TFTP server and PXE bootloaderTFTP is the fileserver that will be used by the bootloader to transfer the kernel to your nodes during a PXE boot. We need to install a TFTP server and get a PXE bootloader as part of the syslinux package, so that our nodes will be able to get their operating systems via the cluster server.As root, install the TFTP server package, tftp-hpa, with aptitude or apt-get:# aptitude install tftpd-hpaOpen its configuration file, /etc/default/tftpd-hpa, and make sure it uses the following settings. It can be run as a daemon, but it is normally started by the service daemon "inetd", and it uses the /var/lib/tftpboot directory to get files from:# /etc/default/tftp-hpa ##Defaults for tftp-hpaRUN_DAEMON="yes"OPTIONS="-l -s /var/lib/tftpboot"Now we need to configure inetd to run the tftp server. Open its configuration file,/etc/inetd.conf, and change the tftp line to the following. If there is no tftp line, add this:tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/in.tftpd /usr/sbin/in.tftpd -s /var/lib/tftpbootAs root, install syslinux, which is the system required for you to be able to PXE boot the nodes, and copy the PXE bootloader code from it to the TFTP server directory. This is the bootloader you told the DHCP daemon about in its configuration file earlier.# aptitude install syslinux# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpbootStill as root, create a directory to store the default configuration for all the nodes. They will search in this directory for configuration files during the PXE boot process.# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfgStill as root, copy your current kernel and initrd from /boot to /var/lib/tftpboot/ in order to test the diskless-boot system. If need, replace `uname -r` with whatever you are using.# cp /boot/vmlinuz-`uname -r` /boot/initrd.img-`uname -r`/var/lib/tftpboot/Create the file /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default. This will be the fallback configuration file that the nodes use to PXE boot when they can't find a file specific to their own IP address. Make the file look like this:LABEL linuxDEFAULT vmlinuz-`uname -r` console=tty1 root=/dev/nfsinitrd=initrd.img-`uname -r` nfsroot=192.168.1.1:/nfsroot/kerrighed ip=dhcp rwYou're done setting up the TFTP and PXE components of the cluster server! Your nodes will now be able to get a kernel and filesystem from the server after they're given IP addresses. Now you need to add NFS capability.1.3: Setting up the NFS serverThis capability allows for the bootable filesystem that the nodes will download over TFTP to be accessed and shared over the network, so that the cluster uses one filesystem. First we'll install and set up the server that will do this.As root, install the packages nfs-kernel-server and nfs-common, which comprise the NFS server program. Keep your root authorisation until you're done working with the NFS server.# apt-get install nfs-kernel-server nfs-commonMake a directory to store the bootable filesystem in:# mkdir /nfsroot# mkdir /nfsroot/kerrighedEdit /etc/exports, which configures NFS file transfers. Add the following in order to make NFS export the filesystem that will be stored in the directory you just made:# /etc/exports #/nfsroot/kerrighed192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0(rw,no_subtree_check,async,no_root_squas h)Re-export the file systems, since you just changed how this is done:# exportfs -avrYour NFS server should be up and running. Now you can add a filesystem for this server to work with.1.4: Setting up the bootable filesystemThis isn't as simple as just copying the OS files into another directory - you'll need the debootstrap package to install the bootablefilesystem, so install this first (you should still be root.) Once it's installed, use debootstrap to itself install a minimal Ubuntu Hardy system tothe bootable filesystem directory:# aptitude install debootstrap# debootstrap --arch i386 hardy /nfsroot/kerrighed/ubuntu/补充说明：此处需要联网下载一个完整的ubuntu8根系统，对于不能联网的机器，解决方法如下。