药理学词汇
药理学词汇
Pharmacology·Words Pharmacodynamics 药效动力学Pharmacokinetics 药代动力学Parameter 参数Prescription-only medicine 处方药Over-the-counter drugs 非处方药Property 特性Compartment model 房室模型Surveillance 监管Filtration 滤过Simple diffusion 简单扩散Facilitated diffusion 易化扩散Metabolite 代谢产物Concentration gradient 浓度梯度Polarity 极性Dissociation 解离Permeation 渗透Solution 溶液Equilibrium 平衡Alter 改变Saturability 饱和性Particle 颗粒Placental barrier 胎盘屏障Oral ingestion 口服Intravenous injection 静脉注射Subcutaneous injection 皮下注射Inhalant 吸入的Sub lingual 舌下的Rectal 直肠的Topical 局部的First-pass elimination 首关消除Intestinal 肠的，肠壁的Intracellular 细胞内的Albumin 白蛋白α1-acid glycoprotein α1-酸性糖蛋白Globulin 球蛋白Permeability 通透性Microsome 微粒体Reduction 还原Hydrolysis 水解Conjugation 结合Endogenous 内源性的Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网Enterohepatic circulation 肠肝循环Portal vein 门静脉Glomerular 肾小球的Tubular 肾小管的Saliva 唾液Perfusion 灌注Peripheral 外周的Logarithm 对数的Linear 直线的Decay 衰变Intercept 截距Slope 斜率Clearance 清除率Bioavailability 生物利用率Apparent volume of distribution 表观分布容积Bioequivalence 生物等效性Therapeutic 治疗的Etlological treatment 对因治疗Symptomatic treatment 对症治疗Iatrogenic disease 医源性疾病Adverse reaction 不良反应Side reaction 副反应Residual effect 残留效应Withdrawal reaction 撤药反应Allergic reaction 过敏反应Idiosyncratic reaction 特异质反应Threshold 阈值Conventional 常规的Jaundice 黄疸Anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克Lethal 致死的Graded response 量反应Quantal response 质反应Margin 边缘Intensity 强度Efficacy 效能Potency 效价强度Diuretic 利尿剂Cytoplasm 胞浆，胞质Affinity 亲和力Intrinsic activity 内在活性Agonist 激动剂Antagonist 拮抗剂Transcription 转录Phosphorylation 磷酸化Modification 变性Genetic polymorphism 基因多态性Placebo 安慰剂Visceral 内脏的Mitochondrion 线粒体Atrium 心房的Ventricle 心室的Hyperopia 远视Myopia 近视Gluconeogenesis 糖异生Afferent 传入的Efferent 传出的Somatic 运动的Autonomic 自主的Cholinergic 胆碱能的Noradrenergic 去甲肾上腺素能的Dopaminergic 多巴胺能的Preganglionic 节前的Postganglionic 节后的In vitro 离体的Varicosity 膨体Vesicle 囊泡Cleft 间隙Synapse 突触Ganglion 神经节Myocardium 心肌Tyrosine 酪氨酸Hydroxylase 羟化酶Decarboxylase 脱羧酶Exocytosis 胞裂外排，胞吐Mono-amine oxidase （MAO）单胺氧化酶Catechol-o-methyltransferase （COMT）儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶Catalyze 催化Acetyltransferase 乙酰转移酶Acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶Muscarine 毒蕈碱的Nicotine 烟碱的Cortex 皮质Hippocampus 海马Gastric 胃的Mucosa 黏膜Sinoatrial node 窦房结Atrioventricular node 房室结Parietal cell 壁细胞Contraction 收缩Constriction 压缩Slack off 松弛Dilation 扩张Diastole 舒张Decomposition 分解Coronary artery 冠状动脉Cardiac 心的，心脏的Phospholipase 磷脂酶Quasi 拟的，拟似Resurrection 复活药Cornea 角膜Lens 晶状体Iris 虹膜Iritis 虹膜炎Iridocyclitis 虹膜睫状体炎Optic nerve 视神经Spasm/cramp 痉挛Intraocular 眼内的Ophthalmic 眼科的Macula 黄斑Retina 视网膜Glaucoma 青光眼Miosis 缩瞳Mydriasis 扩瞳Nausea 恶心V omiting 呕吐Salivation 流涎Belching 打嗝Peristalsis 蠕动Negative chronotropic effect 负性频率作用Negative dromotropic effect 负性传导作用Negative inotropic effect 负性肌力作用Aqueous water 房水Xerosis 干燥症Asthma 哮喘Ischemia 缺血Peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡Abdominal flatulence 腹气胀Urinary retention 尿潴留Myasthenia gravis 重症肌无力Anesthesia 麻醉Quaternary ammonium 季铵基团Etiology 病因学Muscular fibrillation / Fasciculation 肌束震颤Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 阵发性室上性心动过速Suppress 抑制Insomnia 失眠Hyperhidrosis 多汗Coma 昏迷Fecal incontinence 大便失禁Antidote 解毒剂Antispasmodic 解痉药Alkaloid 生物碱Conjunctiva 结膜Lacrimal 泪腺的Detrusor 逼尿肌Dysphoria 烦躁不安Septic 感染的Constipation 便秘Enuresis 遗尿Dysuria 排尿困难Asphyxia 窒息Convulsion 惊厥Irritation 刺激Scapula 肩胛骨Cataract 白内障Fundus examination 眼底检查Optometry 验光Sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓Gastric lavage 洗胃Catharsis 导泻Prostate Hypertrophy 前列腺肥大Vestibular nerve 前庭神经Endotracheal Intubation 气管插管Belladonna 颠茄Henbane 莨菪Datura 曼陀罗Biliary colic 胆绞痛Angina 心绞痛Arrhythmia 心律失常Cutaneous flushing 皮肤潮红Irritability 易怒，兴奋性Hypnosis 催眠Obstructive 阻塞性的Orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压Aortic aneurysm 主动脉瘤Blurred vision 视力模糊Refractory period 不应期Diaphragm 膈Auxiliary medicine 辅助给药Catecholamine 儿茶酚胺Lye 碱液Arteriole 小动脉Adenosine 腺苷Hemorrhage 出血Necrosis 坏疽Artery sclerosis 动脉硬化Oliguria 少尿Anuria 无尿Adrenal medulla 肾上腺髓质Defibrillator 电除颤仪Urticaria 荨麻疹Lumbar 腰部Rhinitis 鼻炎Pheochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤Exacerbate 使恶化Migraine 偏头痛Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity 内在拟交感活性Synergistic 协同的Sedation 镇静Fatigue 疲劳Epilepsy 癫痫Ataxia 共济失调Teratogenicity 致畸Appetite 食欲brain stem reticular structure 脑干网状结构Anaesthetic 止痛Angioneuroedema 血管神经性水肿trachea cannula 气管插管Dialysis 透析refractory insomnia 顽固性失眠Tetanus 破伤风Dermatitis 皮炎Erythema 红疹Synchronous 同步的Insanity 精神错乱Trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神经痛Glossopharyngeal 舌咽神经痛Gingival hyperplasia 齿龈增生Deformity 畸形Granulocyte 粒细胞Hemogram 血象Thalamus 丘脑Degenerative 退行性Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 肌萎缩侧索硬化症Retrograde 变性Glutamine 谷氨酸paralysis agitants 震颤麻痹muscular rigidity 肌肉强直Bradykinesia 运动迟缓Hyperkinesia 运动过多Substantia nigra 黑质Striatum 纹状体Precursor 前体Anorexia 厌食Mania 躁狂lactational amenorrhea syndrome 泌乳闭经综合征Chorea 舞蹈症Limbic system 边缘系统Senile Dementia 老年痴呆症Shrinkage 萎缩Hallucination 幻觉Delusion 妄想Hypoxia 缺氧Lecithin 卵磷脂Schizophrenia 精神分裂症Apathy 淡漠Emetic 催吐medulla oblongata 延髓Tubercle-Funnel Pathway 结节-漏斗通路Galactorrhea 溢乳Gonadotropic hormone 促性腺激素Intractable Hiccup 顽固性呃逆Hypothermic 低温Dystonia 肌张力障碍Akathisia 静坐不能Dyskenesia 运动障碍Lethargy 昏睡adenylate cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶Phobia 恐惧症Agranulocytosis 粒细胞缺乏症Bulimia 贪食症Endogenously opioid peptides 内源性阿片肽Enkephalin 脑啡肽β-endorphin β-内啡肽Dynorphin 强啡肽Euphoria 欣快Antitussive 镇咳solitary tract 孤束核Papaverine 罂粟碱Glucuronic acid 葡萄糖醛酸Intracranial 颅内的glutamic acid 谷氨酸Vertigo 眩晕Sputum 痰lactating women 乳妇Detoxification 戒毒Antipyretic 解热Analgesic 镇痛Gout 痛风thermoregulatory center 体温调节中枢Cyclooxygenase 环加氧酶Pyrogen 致热源Algomenorrhea 痛经Rheumatism 风湿rheumatoid arthritis 风湿性关节炎Thrombosis 血栓形成Tinnitus 耳鸣Acouesthesia 听力Antiatherosclerotic 抗动脉粥样硬化Reentrant tachyarrhythmia 折返型快速性心律失常Bradycardia 心动过缓Reentry 折返ERP 有效不应期APD 动作电位时程MDP 最大舒张电位Premature Beat 早搏Atrial Flutter 房扑Refractoriness 不应期Cinchonism 金鸡纳反应Cardioversion 复律Analog 类似物Angiotensin 血管紧张素Angiotensinogen 血管紧张素原Chymase 糜酶Juxtaglomerular cell 球旁细胞Proapoptotic 促凋亡Vasopressin 血管升压素Bradykinin 缓激肽Aldosterone 醛固酮Systolic 心脏收缩的Prostaglandin 前列腺素Bilateral 双侧的Stenosis 狭窄Neutropenia 嗜酸性粒细胞减少症Dysgeusia 味觉障碍Liver cirrhosis 肝硬化Thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop 髓袢升支粗段Distal tubule 远曲小管Proximal tubule 近曲小管Potassium-sparing diuretics 保钾利尿药Carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶抑制药Symporter 共转运体Hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症Hypochloremic alkalosis 低氯性碱血症Hypovolemia 低血容量Ototoxicity 耳毒性Nephrolithiasis /Renal Calculus 肾结石Insipidus 尿崩症Gynecomastia 男性乳房发育Cystine 胱氨酸Paresthesia 感觉异常Osmotic diuretics 脱水利尿药Prophylactically 预防性地Libido 性欲Impotence 阳痿Serum 血清Syncope 晕厥Imidazoline 咪唑林Nucleus Tractus Solitarius 孤束核Xerostomia 口腔干燥症Aerobic 需氧Dyspnea 呼吸困难Systolic 收缩的Diastolic 舒张的Delirium 精神错乱Malaise 不适Angina pectoris 心绞痛Substernal 胸骨下的Variant angina 变异型心绞痛Myosin 肌球蛋白Epicardial 心外膜Antithrombotics 抗栓药Hemostatics 止血药Hematopoietics 造血药Anticoagulants 抗凝药Fibrinolytic drugs 纤溶药Thrombosis 血栓形成Thrombolytics 溶栓药Anemia 贫血Fibrinogen 纤维蛋白原Plasminogen 纤溶酶原Angioplasty 血管成形术Protamine 鱼精蛋白Bedridden 卧床Embolization 栓塞Aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血Pernicious anemia 恶性贫血Megaloblastic anemia 巨幼红细胞贫血Ferrous sulfate 硫酸亚铁Ferric salt 铁盐Ferritin 铁蛋白Transferrin 转铁蛋白Ferroportin 运铁蛋白Deferoxamine 去铁胺Intrinsic factor 内因子Myelin sheath 髓鞘Wheal 红晕Pepsin 胃蛋白酶Antiemetic 镇吐Somnolence 困倦Androgen 雄激素Diaphragm 膈肌Cytokine 细胞因子Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐Prostaglandin 前列腺素Esophagitis 食管炎Eradication 根除Ketone group 酮基Carbonyl group 羰基Hydroxyl group 羟基Sequela 后遗症Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Lysosome 溶酶体Collagen 胶原Osteoporosis 骨质疏松Toxemia 毒血症Purpura 紫癜Eczema 湿疹Myalgia 肌痛Arthralgia 关节痛Circadian 生理节奏Myxedema 粘液性水肿Endemic goiter 单纯性甲肿Congenital hypothyroidism 先天性甲减Exophthalmos 突眼症Peroxidase 过氧化物酶Larynx edema 喉头水肿Preprandial 餐前Postprandial 餐后Glycolysis 糖酵解Suspension 悬液Ketoacidosis 酮症酸中毒Hyperosmolar coma 高渗性昏迷Hypoglycemic drugs 降糖药Secretagogue 分泌刺激物Viscosity 粘度Abdominal bloating 腹胀Blunt 延缓Comparatively 比较性地Bacteriostatic 抑菌Bactericidal 杀菌MIC 最低抑菌浓度MBC 最低杀菌浓度CI 化疗指数PAE 抗生素后效应Modifying enzyme 钝化酶Syphilis 梅毒Clostridium difficile 难辨梭菌Legionnella 嗜肺军团菌Mycoplasma 肺炎支原体Chlamydial 肺炎衣原体Anacrobic bacteria 厌氧菌Aerobic bacteria 需氧菌Mycobacteria 结核分枝杆菌Tularemia 兔热病/土拉菌病Plague 鼠疫Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Salmonella 沙门菌属Superinfection 二重感染Chlamydiae 沙眼衣原体Erythema 红斑Bilirubin 胆红素Kernicterus 核黄疸Pyuria 脓尿Chemoprophylaxis 预防化疗Tuberculosis 结核病Malignancy 恶性肿瘤Metastasis 转移Recurrence 复发Antineoplastic drugs 抗肿瘤药Platinum 铂Rationale 基本原理Exuberant 旺盛的Epithelium 上皮Follicle 囊Myleosuppression 骨髓抑制Alopecia 脱发Infertility 不育Teratogenesis 致畸Carcinogenesis 致癌。
药理学名词解释
药理学名词解释1.药物作用drug action 药物与组织细胞之间的初始作用。
2.药理效应drug effect 指继发于药物作用之后的组织细胞原有功能的改变。
3.兴奋excitation 凡能使机体原有生理、生化功能加强的作用。
4.抑制inhibition 凡能使机体原有生理、生化功能减弱的作用。
5.特异性specifity 多数药物是通过化学反应而产生药理效应，这种化学反应的专一性使药物具有特异性。
6.选择性selectivity 药物只对某些组织器官发生明显作用，而对其他组织作用很小或无作用。
7.疗效therapeutic effect 药物作用的结果有利于改变病人的生理生化功能或病理过程，使患病机体恢复正常。
8.对因治疗etiological treatment 用药目的在于消除原发致病因子，彻底治愈疾病称对因治疗，或称治本。
9.对症治疗symptomatic treatment 用药目的在于改善疾病症状，减轻疾病的并发症称对症治疗，或称治标。
10.不良反应adverse reaction 凡不符合用药目的或给病人带来痛苦与危害的反应称不良反应。
多数不良反应是药物固有效应的延伸．11.副反应side reaction（副作用side effect）药物在治疗剂量时出现的与治疗目的无关的作用称副反应，亦称副作用。
副反应是药物本身固有的，是因药物选择性低而引起的，一般不严重，难避免。
12.毒性反应toxic reaction 药物在剂量过大、用药时间过长、机体敏感性过高时对机体发生的危害性反应称毒性反应。
一般较严重，但是可以预知和避免。
13.后遗效应residual effect 停药后血药浓度已降至阈浓度以下时残存的药理效应。
14.停药反应withdrawal reaction 长期应用某些药物，突然停药后原有病情加重现象。
又称回跃反应（rebound reaction）15.变态反应allergic reaction（过敏反应hypersensitive reaciton）药物对过敏特质病人引起的异常免疫反应。
药理学词汇表
七年制药理学专业词汇表3D-QSAR三维定量构效关系5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT5-羟色胺absorbants吸附剂absorption吸收abstinent syndrome戒断症状accelerated angina pectoris恶化型心绞痛acetyl coenzyme A乙酰辅酶A acetylcholine receptor乙酰胆碱受体acetylcholine, Ach乙酰胆碱acetylcholinesterase, AChE乙酰胆碱酯酶acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS艾滋病acquired resistance获得性耐药action作用activation活化activation gate激活门active efflux system主动流出系统active transport主动转运active tubule secretion肾小管主动分泌acute cholinergic crisis急性胆碱能危相acute coronary insufficiency急性冠状动脉功能不全acute dystonia急性肌张力障碍acute toxicity急性毒性作用addition相加作用addition成瘾性adeno-associate virus, AA V腺病毒相关病毒adenosine腺苷adenovirus, AD腺病毒adrenaline肾上腺素adrenoceptor agonists肾上腺素受体激动药adrenoceptor antagonists肾上腺素受体拮抗药adrenoceptor blocking drugs肾上腺素受体阻断药adrenoceptors肾上腺素受体adrenocortical hormones肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH促肾上腺皮质激素adverse drug reaction, ADR药物不良反应after effect后遗效应afterdepolarization后除极agonist激动剂agysical矽碳银akathisia静坐不能aldehyde dehydrogenase，ADH醛脱氢酶aldehyde reductase醛还原酶aldosterone醛固酮alkylating agents烷化剂allergic reaction变态反应allylamines丙烯胺类aluminum hydroxide氢氧化铝Alzheimer's disease阿耳茨海默病aminoglycosides氨基糖苷类amnesia记忆缺失analgesia镇痛药anaphylaxis过敏反应Ang II血管紧张素IIangel-closure glaucoma闭角型青光眼，充血性青光眼angina decubitus卧位心绞痛angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ACEI ACE抑制药antacids抗酸药antagonism拮抗作用antagonist拮抗药anthelminthics肠道驱虫药anthrannilic acid derivatives邻氨基苯甲酸衍生物anthraquinones蒽醌类anthrax bacilli炭疽菌antianxiety agents抗焦虑药antianxiolytics抗焦虑药antiasthmatic drugs平喘药antiatherosclerotic drugs抗动脉粥样硬化药antibacterial drugs抗菌药antibacterial spectum抗菌谱anticancer drugs抗癌药anticholinesterase agents抗胆碱酯酶药anticholinesterases抗胆碱酯酶药anticoagulaants抗凝血药antidepressants抗抑郁药antiepileptic drugs抗癫痫药antifungal drugs抗真菌药antigene反基因antihypertensive drugs抗高血压药antikaliuretics agents保钾利尿药antileprosy drugs抗麻风病药antilymphocyte globulin, ALG抗淋巴细胞球蛋白antimalarial drugs抗疟药antimanic drugs抗躁狂药antimicrobial drugs抗微生物药antimuscarnics抗毒蕈碱型胆碱受体药antineoplastic drugs抗恶性肿瘤药antinicotinics抗炎碱型胆碱受体阻断药antioncogene抗癌基因antipsychotic drugs抗精神病药antipyretics, analgesia, and antiinflammatory drugs解热镇痛抗炎药antisense drug反义药物antithrombin III, A TII抗凝血酶III antithymocyte globulin, A TC抗胸腺细胞球蛋白antituberculous drugs抗结核病药antitussives镇咳药antiviral drugs抗病毒药apamin蜂毒明肽apoprotein, apo载脂蛋白apoptosis凋亡apoptotic vesicle凋亡小泡apparent volume of distribution, Vd表观分布容积aprotinin抑肽酶arachindonic acid, AA花生四烯酸arrhythmias心律失常asialo-glycoprotein receptor, ASGPr去唾液酸糖蛋白asialoorosmucoid, ASOR去唾液酸血清类粘蛋白astringents收敛剂atherosclerosis, AS动脉粥样硬化A TP-sensitive K channel, Ik(A TP)A TP敏感钾通道atrial fibrillation房颤atrial flutter房扑atrial natriuretic peptide 心钠肽atropine阿托品aubarachnoidal anaesthesia局网膜下腔麻醉AUC曲线下面积autacoids自体活性物质automaticity自律性autonomic nervous system自主神经系统autoradiography放射自显影azoles唑类bacillus calmette-guerin vaccine, BCG卡介苗bacitracin肝菌肽bactericidal drugs杀菌药bacteriostatic drugs抑菌药basolateral membrance上皮细胞基侧膜benzodiazepines, BZ, BDZ苯二氮唑类bile acid binding resins胆汁酸螯合剂binding结合型binding site结合位点，受点bioassay生物检定bioavailability, F生物利用度bioequivalence生物等效性biological response modifiers生物反应调节剂biotransformation生物转化blocker阻断药blood-brain-barier血脑屏障blood-eye-barier血眼屏障botulism肉毒杆菌中毒bradykinesia运动迟缓bradykinin缓激肽brady-phylaxis慢速耐受性,慢性耐受性butyrophenones丁酰苯类bystander effecter旁观者效应calcitonin gene related peptide降钙素基因相关肽calcium carbonate碳酸钙calcium channel blocker钙通道阻滞药calcium sensitizers钙增敏剂calomodulin钙调蛋白cAMP环磷酸腺苷cAMP dependent protein kinase cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶cannabinoid大麻酚carbonic anhydrase碳酸酐酶carcinogenesis致癌cardiomyopathy of overload超负荷心肌病cascade superfusion级联式表面灌流法catecholamines儿茶酚胺类catechol-o-methyltransferease, COMT儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶cationic liposome阳离子脂质体caudal periaquedual grey, CPAG导水管尾部灰质cell cycle nonspecific agents, CCNSA细胞周期非特异性药物cell cycle specific agents, CCSA细胞周期特异性药物cell nuclear hormone receptor细胞核激素受体celluloses纤维素cell-wall autolytic enzyme细胞壁自溶酶central antitussives中枢性镇咳药charybdotoxin, CTX北非蝎毒素check point控制点chemotherapy化学治疗,化疗cholesterol胆固醇cholesterol ester transfer protein, CETP CE转运蛋白cholesterolester, CE胆固醇酯choline acetylase胆碱乙酰化酶choline esters胆碱酯类cholinergic agonists胆碱能激动药cholinergic nerve胆碱能神经cholinesterase inhibitors胆碱酯酶抑制剂cholinoceptor blocking drugs胆碱受体阻断药chronic toxicity慢性毒性作用chronopharmacology时间药理学chylomicron, CM乳糜微粒cinchonic reaction金鸡纳反应clinical pharmacology临床药理学codeine可待因combined pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model药动学-药效学组合模型compartment model房室模型competitive antagonist竞争性拮抗药complementary determining region, CDR互补决定区complementary DNA, cDNA互补DNA concentration-time curve浓度-时间曲线图conductance vesscles输送血管conduction anaesthesia传导阻滞麻醉conductive pathway传导通道conductivity传导性conexin连接蛋白congestive heart failure, CHF充血性心力衰竭conjugation结合contact laxatives接触性泻药contraceptives避孕药controlled release formulation, CRF控释剂coronary arterial remodeling冠脉重构coronary artery bypass graft surger, CABG冠脉搭桥术corticosteroid-binding globulin, CGB皮质激素结合蛋白corticotrophin促皮质素corticotrophin releasing hormone, CRH促皮质素释放激素cortisone可的松cotransmission共同传递counteraction抵消作用cretinism呆小病crystalline zinc insulin, CZI结晶锌胰岛素cyanocobalamin氰钴胺cyclooxygenase, CO环氧酶cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2环氧酶-2cyclosporin环孢霉素cystic fibrosis, CF囊性纤维化cytochrome P450细胞色素P450 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system细胞色素P450单加氧酶系cytochrome P5细胞色素b5cytosol binding protein, CBP胞浆结合蛋白de novo pathway从头合成途径decoy类似物dehydrat agents脱水药delayed afterdepolarization迟后除极delayed rectifier K channel, Ik延迟整流钾通道dependence依赖性depolarizing neuromuscular blockers除极化型神经肌肉阻滞药desensitization脱敏desoxycortone, desoxycorticosterone去氧皮质酮detran右旋糖酐diacelglycerol, DG二酰基甘油diastolic compliance舒张期顺应性diiodotyrosine, DIT二碘酪氨酸diphenylbutypiperidines二苯基丁酰哌啶类disposition处置dissociative anesthetisia分离麻醉distribution分布diuretics利尿药DNA gyrase DNA回旋酶docosahexaenoic acid, DHA二十二碳六烯酸dopamine多巴胺dose effect curve量效曲线dose effect relationship量效关系drug药物drug abuse药物滥用drug efflux pump药物外排泵drug in combination联合用药drugs affecting gastrointestinal function治疗消化系统疾病的药物drugs of enhancers of acetylcholine release促ACh释放药dynorphins强啡肽EAR早期哮喘反应early afterdepolarization早后除极early distal tubule始段远曲小管ECE inhibitor, ECEI内皮素转化酶抑制剂ED50半数有效量effect效应effective refractory period, ERP有效不应期efficacy效能eicosanoids廿碳烯酸类eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA二十碳五烯酸elimination消除endocytosis内吞endocytosis胞吞endorphins内啡肽endothelin converting enzyme, ECE内皮素转化酶endothelins，Ets内皮素endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF内皮依赖性舒张因子enkephalins脑啡肽enzyme inducer酶诱导剂enzyme inhibiter酶抑制剂ephedrine麻黄碱epidermal growth factor, EGF表皮生长因子epidural anaesthesia硬膜外麻ergot麦角ergotamine麦角胺erythropoietin红细胞生成素erythropoietin, EPO促红细胞生成素estradiol, E2雌二醇estriol, E3雌三醇estrogens雌激素estrone, E1雌酮etiological treatment对因治疗evoked potential诱发电位excitation兴奋excretion排泄exocytosis胞裂外排expectorants祛痰药expression vector表达载体extended release formulation延迟释放剂facilitated diffusion易化扩散familial hypercholesterolemia家族性高胆固醇血症ferrous sulfate硫酸亚铁filtration滤过filtration through pores膜孔滤过first exposure effect, FEE初次接触效应first-order kinetics一级动力学first-pass elimination首过消除fluoroquinolones氟喹诺酮类folic acid叶酸follicle stimulating hormone, FSH促卵泡激素free游离型free cholesterol, FC游离胆固醇free fatty acid, FFA游离脂肪酸full agonist完全激动药GABAγ氨基丁酸ganglionic blockers神经节阻断药gap junction缝隙连接garanulocyte-macrophage colonary-stimulating factor,GM-CSF粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子gating门控GDP鸟苷二磷酸gene augmentation基因增强gene correction基因修正gene engineered antiboties, GEAs基因工程抗体gene engineering基因工程gene inactivation基因失活gene knockout基因敲除gene replacement基因置换gene targetting基因打靶gene therapy基因治疗gene therapy基因治疗general anesthetics全身麻醉药germ-line cell生殖细胞Gi抑制型G蛋白ginkgolid银杏甙globulin antihemophilia抗血友病球蛋白glomerular filtration肾小球滤过glucocorticoid receptor, GR糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid response element, GRE糖皮质激素反应成分glucocorticoids, GCs糖皮质激素gluconeogenesis糖原异生glucose transporter葡萄糖转运蛋白glycerol甘油glycoside-hydrolase糖苷水解酶gonadotropin releasing hormone, GnRH促性腺激素释放激素gossypol棉酚G-Protein coupled receptor G-蛋白偶联受体granulocyte colonary-stimulating factor, G-CSF粒细胞集落刺激因子granulocyte colony stimulating factor粒细胞集落刺激因子granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子growth fraction, GF生长比率growth hormone生长激素Gs兴奋型G蛋白GTP鸟苷三磷酸guanylatic cyclase鸟苷酸环化酶gyrase回旋酶habituation习惯性half-life, t1/2半衰期halothane heptitis氟烷性肺炎hangover宿醉heat shock proteins, HSPs热休克蛋白helicobacterpylori, Hp幽门螺杆菌heme亚铁血红素heparin肝素hepatic blood flow dependent drug肝血流依赖性药物hepatic enzyme dependent drug肝药酶依赖性药物hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system肝细胞微粒体混合功能氧化酶,肝药酶hepato-enteral circulation肝肠循环herpes simplex virus, HSV单纯疱疹病毒hibernating myocardium心肌冬眠high density lipoprotein, HDL高密度脂蛋白high efficacy diuretics高效能利尿药histamine组胺histamine induced suppresser factor, HSP组胺诱生抑制因子HMW高分子激肽原homologous recombination同源重组homozygous纯合子human immunodeficiency virus, HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒human recombinant interferon α-2α, rHIFNα-2α重组人干扰素α-2αhuman recombinant interferon γ重组干扰素γhydrocortisone氢化可的松hydrolysis水解hydroperoxy eicosatetraenoic acids, HPETE氧化廿烯碳酸hydroxybalamin羟钴胺hyperlipidemia高脂血症hyperlipoproteinemia高脂蛋白血症hypersensitivity高敏性hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进hyposensitivity低敏性idiosyncrasy特异质反应imidazoles咪唑类imidazoles咪唑类immunomodulator免疫调节药immunosuppressive drugs免疫抑制药in vitro离体in vivo整体inactivation灭活inactivation gate失活门incompatibility配伍禁忌individual variability个体差异infiltration anaesthesia浸润麻醉influenza A virus甲型流感病毒inhalation吸入给药inhalational anesthetics吸入性麻醉药inhibition抑制inhibitors of mediator release过敏介质释放抑制药initial onset angina pectoris初发型心绞痛inner and outer vestibules胞内胞外前庭区inodilating drugs正肌扩管药inodilator强心扩管药inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate, IP3三磷酸肌醇insulin receptor, InsR胰岛素受体insulin resistance, INR胰岛素抵抗insulin, Ins胰岛素insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM胰岛素依赖性糖尿病integrins整合素interaction相互作用intercellular adhesion molecule, ICAM-1粘附因子－1 interferon, IFN干扰素interleukins白细胞介素intermediate density lioprotein, IDL中间密度脂蛋白internalization内化interstitial cell stimulating hormone, ICSH间质细胞刺激激素intranmuscular, im肌内注射intravenous anesthetics静脉麻醉药intrinsic activity内在活性intrinsic resistance故有耐药inverse agonist反转激动药iodide碘化物iodine碘ion channels离子通道ion traping离子障ion-conducting pathway离子通路ion-pair transport离子对转运ischemic precondition, IP心肌缺血预适应Jarish-Herxheimer reaction赫氏反应juxtaglomerular cells肾小球球旁细胞kaolin白陶土kinim激肽lactulose乳果糖LAR迟发哮喘反应late distal tubule末端远曲小管LD50半数致死量lead compound先导化合物lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase, LCA T胆固醇酯酰转移酶leptin瘦素leukotrienes, LTs白三烯ligand配体ligand gated ion channel receptor配体门控离子通道受体ligand-gated Cl- channel配体门控性CL通道lincomycins 林可霉素类linear kinetics线性动力学lipid regulators调血脂药lipocortin1蛋白脂皮素1lipoprotein lipase, LPL脂蛋白脂肪酶lipoxygenase, LO脂氧酶liquid paraffin液体石蜡LMW低分子量激肽原local anaesthetics局部麻醉药，局麻药long QT syndrome, LQTS Q-T间期延长综合症loop diuretics袢利尿药low density lipoprotein, LDL低密度脂蛋白low efficacy diuretics低效能利尿药low molecular weight heparin, LMWH低分子量肝素L-type Ca channel L-型钙通道Lugol's solution卢戈液,复方碘溶液luteinizing hormone, LH黄体生成素macrolides大环内酯类magnesium hydroxide氢氧化镁magnesium oxide氧化镁magnesium sulfate硫酸镁magnesium trisilicate三硅酸镁major determinant主要决定簇mamalian artificial chromosome, MAC哺乳动物细胞人工染色体manic-depressive psychosis躁狂抑郁症mannitol甘露醇materia medica药物学maximal effect, Emax最大效应maximal voluntary voiding pressure最大自主排空压力MDI定量雾化mechanosensitive channels机械敏感通道medical charcoal药用碳metabolic tolerance代谢耐受性metabolism代谢metabolite代谢物methicillin resistance staphylococuus aureus, MRSA耐甲氧西林金葡菌methylcellulose甲基纤维素mineralocorticoids盐皮质激素minimal alveolar concentration, MAC最小肺泡药物浓度minimal effective dose最小有效量minimaleffective concentration最小有效浓度minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC最小杀菌浓度minimun inhibitory concentration, MIC最小抑菌浓度minor determinanr此药决定簇moderate efficacy diuretics中效能利尿药mono-anine oxidase, MAO单胺氧化酶monocomponent insulin, McI单组份胰岛素monoiodotyrosine, MIT一碘酪氨酸mood-stabilizing情绪稳定药morphine吗啡morphine-6-glucuronide吗啡－6－葡萄糖苷酶multagenesis致突变multidrug resistance associated protein多药抗性相关蛋白multidrug resistance, MDR多药耐药性multiple-variation多样性muscarine毒蕈碱muscarine receptor毒蕈碱型胆碱受体muscarine recptor agonist毒蕈碱型胆碱受体激动药muscarinic K channel, Ik(Ach)乙酰胆碱敏感钾通道muscule relaxants肌松药mutation突变myasthenia gravis重症肌无力mycobactin分枝杆菌素mycocolic acid分枝菌酸myeloid growth factor脊髓生长因子myocardial contractility心肌收缩力myocardial depressant factor, MDF心肌抑制因子myocardial stunning心肌顿抑myxedema粘液性水肿NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase环原型辅酶I－细胞色素b5还原酶NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase环原型辅酶II－细胞色素P450还原酶narcotic analgesics麻醉性镇痛药natriuretic peptides利尿钠肽natural resistance天然耐药性negative agonist负性拮抗药negative chronotropic action负性频率作用negative chronotropic effect负性频率作用negative glucocorticoid response element, nGRE负性糖皮质激素反应成分negative inotropic effect负性肌力作用neuroendocrine disorders神经内分泌失调neurohormenal disorders神经激素失调neuroleptanalgesia神经阻滞镇痛术neuroleptic analgesia神经松弛镇痛neuroleptic effect神经安定作用neuroleptics神经安定剂neuromuscular blockers神经肌肉阻断药neuronal uptake神经摄取neuropeptide神经多肽neurotensin神经降肽neutral protamine hagedorn, NPH低精蛋白锌胰岛素new drug新药nicotin烟碱nicotin receptor烟碱型胆碱受体nicotinic acid烟酸nicotinic muscle receptor神经肌接头N受体nicotinic neuronal receptor神经节N受体nicotinic receptor agonist烟碱型胆碱受体激动药nitric oxide, NO一氧化氮noncompetitive antagonist非竞争性拮抗药nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers非除极化型神经肌肉阻滞药nongated background, leak channels非门的背景,漏通道non-insulin-dependent disbetes mellitus, NIDDM非胰岛素性糖尿病non-linear kinetics非线性动力学non-neuronal uptake非神经摄取non-rapid-eye movement sleep, NREMS非快动眼睡眠non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs非甾体类抗炎药noradrenaline, NA去甲肾上腺素noradrenergic nerve去甲肾上腺素能神经occupation theory占领学说on-off phenomenon"开-关"现象open-angel glaucoma开角型青光眼opioid analgesics阿片类镇痛药opioid peptides阿片肽opioid receptor-like receptor, ORL-R阿片受体样受体opium阿片opium preparation阿片制剂opium tincture阿片酊organophosphates有机磷酸酯类orphanin孤啡肽osmotic diuretics渗透性利尿药osmotic laxatives渗透性泻药oxidation氧化oxydized LDL, Ox-LDL氧化修饰的LDL oxytocin催产素pacemaker channel, If起搏通道packaging cell包装细胞pancreatin胰酶paralysis agitants震颤麻痹parasympathetic nervous system副交感神经系统parasympathomimetics拟副交感神经药Parkinsonism帕金森综合症Parkinson's disease, PD帕金森病partial agonist部分激动药passive transport被动转运passive tubule reabsortion肾小管被动重吸收patch clamp膜片钳PBPs青霉素结合蛋白penicillium fungi青霉菌penicilloyl enzyme青霉噻唑酰酶pepsin胃蛋白酶peptic ulcer消化性溃疡peptidedoglycan肽聚糖per os, po口服给药per rectum直肠给药percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, PTCA经皮冠状动脉成形术permeation通透性permissive action允许作用peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor γ, PPARγ过氧化物酶－增殖体受体γperoxisomal proliferator activated receptors, PPARs过氧化物酶增殖激活受体P-glucoprotein, P-gp P-糖蛋白pharmacodynamic tolerance药效耐受性pharmacodynamics药物效应动力学，药效学pharmacokinetics药物代谢动力学，药代学pharmacology药理学pharmocogenetics遗传药理学phenolphthalein酚酞phenothiazines吩噻嗪类phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor磷酸二酯酶抑制剂, PDE-III抑制剂phospholipase A2, PLA2 磷脂酶A2phospholipase C，PLC磷脂酶Cphospholipid, PL磷脂phosphorylation cascade一系列磷酸化physiological pharmacokinetics生理药代动力学模型phytomenadione植物甲萘醌,VitK1pilocarpine匹鲁卡品pinocytosis胞饮pituitrin垂体后叶素placebo安慰剂placebo actions安慰作用placental-barier胎盘屏障plateau坪值platelet activating factor, PAF血小板活化因子pleiotropic drug resistance多向耐药性polyene macrolide antibiotics多烯类抗生素polyenoic fatty acid多烯脂肪酸酯polylysine, PL多聚赖氨酸polymycins多粘菌素类porin孔通道positive klinotropic effect正性缩率作用post antibiotic effect, PAE抗菌后效应post tetanic potentiation, PTP强直后增强postinfarction angina pectoris梗死后心绞痛potassium channel blocker, PCBs钾通道阻滞药potassium channel modulators钾通道调控药potassium channel openers, PCOs钾通道开放药potency效价强度potentiation增强作用prinzmental's variant angina pectoris变异型心绞痛proarrhythmias致心律失常prodrug前药pro-drug前药progesterone孕酮prolactin催乳素promoter启动子propionic acid derivatives丙酸类衍生物prostacylin, PGI2前列环素prostaglandins, PGs前列腺素protamine sulfate硫酸鱼精蛋白protamine zinc insulin, PZI精蛋白锌胰岛素protease inhibitors, PI蛋白酶抑制剂protein C 蛋白质Cprotein kinase C, PKC蛋白激酶Cprothrombin complex凝血酶原复合物psychotropic drugs精神药物Purkinjie fibers浦肯野纤维QSAR定量的构效关系quality of life生命质量quantal release量子化释放quinidine syncopy奎尼丁晕厥quinolones喹诺酮类radioiodine放射性碘rapid-eye movement sleep, REMS快动眼睡眠rapidly activating component, Ikr快速成分RAS肾素－血管紧张素系统rate theory速率学说R-determinant plasmid耐药决定质粒rebound phenomenon反跳现象receptor受体recombinant human epidermal growth factor重组人表皮生长因子recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator, rt-PA重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂recruitment招募作用recverse T3, rT3反向T3redistribution再分布reduction还原reentrant excitation折返激动regular insulin, RI正规胰岛素renal tubular dipipeptidase肾小管二肽酶resistance耐药性resistance transfer factor耐药转移因子resting tremor静止性震颤retinoic acide维甲酸retrovirus, RV逆转录病毒reverse transcriptase逆转录酶reversibility可逆性ribozyme核酶rigidity肌肉僵直salicn水杨苷salvage pathway补救途径saturability饱和性sedative-hypnotics镇静催眠药selective filter选择性过滤器selectivy选择性sensitivity灵敏性serine protease inhibitor丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂serotonergic nerve system血清素能神经系统serotonin-dopamine antagonists, SDA5-HT与DA受体阻滞剂sex hormone性激素shear stress切应力side reaction副作用signal transducer and activators of transcription, STA T信号转导子和激活转录因子silent receptor沉默受体simple diffusion简单扩散slope斜率slow reacting substances-Anaphylaxis, SRS-A慢反应物质slow release formulation, SLF缓释剂slow wave sleep, SWS慢波睡眠slowly activating component, Iks缓慢成分sodium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium sulfate硫酸钠somatic cell体细胞somatic motor nervous system运动神经系统somatostatinergic nerve system生长抑素能神经系统sorbitol山梨醇spare receptor储备受体specificity特异性spinal anaesthesia腰麻squalene epoxidase角鲨烯环氧化酶stable angina pectoris稳定型心绞痛staphylokinase葡萄球菌激酶statistical moment统计矩steady state concentration, Cssmax稳态浓度steroid类固醇streptogramins链阳霉素类strepyomyces nodosus链丝菌structure activity relationship构效关系subcutaneous, sc皮下注射sublingual舌下含服substance P, SP P物质subtraction相减作用subunit亚基suicide gene自杀基因sulfonamides磺胺类药物sulfonamides长效磺胺sulfones砜类superaventricular arrhythmias室上性心动过速superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors G蛋白偶联的超级家族受体superinfections二重感染supplement treatment补充治疗surface anaesthesia表面麻醉sustained high frequence repetive firing, SRF持久反复高频放电sustained release formulation持续释放剂sympathetic nervous system交感神经系统sympathomimetic amines拟交感胺类symptomatic treatment对症治疗synaptic cleft突触间隙synchronization同步化synergism协同作用T helper cell, Th T辅助性细胞tachyphylaxis急性耐受性,快速耐受性tannalbin鞣酸蛋白tanscript factor转录因子tardive dyskinesia迟发性运动障碍teratogenesis致畸胎testosterone睾丸酮tetracylines四环素类tetrameric array四聚体结构theophylline茶碱therapeutic effect治疗作用therapeutic index,TI治疗指数thiazides噻嗪类thiazolidinediones, TDs噻唑烷酮类化合物thiouracils硫氧嘧啶类thioxanthenes硫杂蒽类throid stimulating hormone, TSH促甲状腺激素thrombin凝血酶thromboxane A2, TXA2血栓素A2 thromboxans, TXs血栓素类thymosin胸腺素thyroglobulin, TG甲状腺球蛋白thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin, TSI甲状腺刺激性免疫球蛋白thyrotropin releasing hormone, TRH促甲状腺激素释放激素thyroxine, T4甲状腺素tincture camphor compound复方樟脑酊tissue-type plasminogen activator, t-PA组织型纤溶酶原激活剂tobacco烟叶tocopherol生育酚tolerance耐受性torsades de pointes尖端扭转型心律失常toxic reaction毒性作用transcobalamin II转钴蛋白IItranscortin皮质激素结合蛋白transdermal经皮给药transdermal patch透皮贴剂transducin, Gt转导素transfer factor, TF转移因子transferrin转铁蛋白transformation转化transgenic animal转基因动物transient outward K channel, Ito瞬间外向钾通道transmembrane signaling跨膜信息传递transmembrane-spanning segments跨膜片段transmitter递质transportation转运transporter转运体tretinoin维A酸triazoles三唑类triggered activity触发活动triglyceride, TG甘油三酯triiodothyronine, T3三碘甲状腺原氨酸tripartite efflux system三联外排系统triplex-forming oligonucleotides, TFO三链结构寡核苷酸troponin C, Tn C肌钙蛋白C tryptophan色氨酸T-type Ca channels T-型钙通道tumor necrosis factor肿瘤坏死因子tumor suppressor gene抑癌基因tumor susceptibility gene肿瘤易感基因two model theory二态模型学说tyrosine kinase receptor酪氨酸激酶受体tyrosine protein kinaes, TPK酪氨酸蛋白激酶ultrarapidly activating component, Ikur超快速成分unidirectional conduction block单向传导阻滞unintegrated form非整合方式uptake 1摄取1uptake 2摄取2 uroheparin尿肝素use dependence使用依赖性vaccinia virus牛痘病毒vanilloid类香草variation of ethnocentrism种族差异variation of species种属差异varicella_zoster virus, VZV水豆带状疱疹病毒varicosity膨体vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP血管活性肠肽ventricular premature beat室性早搏ventricular remodeling心室重构ventricular tachycardia室性心动过速very low density lipoprotein, VLDL极低密度脂蛋白vesicle囊泡voltage clamp电压钳voltage sensor电压感受器wall tension心室张力willow bark柳树皮withdrawal signs停药戒断症状withdrawal syndrome撤药症状xenobiotics外源性物质yeast artificial chromosome, Y AC酵母人工染色体zero-order kinetics零级动力学Zolinger-Ellison syndrome, ZES卓－艾综合征α-linolenic acid, α-LNAα-亚麻酸β-phenylethylamineβ－苯乙醇胺。
药理学总论单词+整理
01绪论Pharmacology药理学drug药 物poison毒 物Pharmacodynamics药效学Pharmacokinetics药动学02药动学passive diffusion被动转运ion trapping离子障active transport主动转运facilitated diffusion易化扩散permease通透酶absorption吸收first pass elimination首过消除first pass metabolism 首过代谢distribution分布biotransformation 生物转化metabolism代谢enterohepatic cycle肠肝循环rate process速率过程concentration-time curve，C-T药物浓度-时间曲线图AUC 曲线下面积bioavailability，F生物利用度pharmacological effect药理效应excitation兴奋inhibition抑制specificity特异性Selectivity 选择性etiological treatment对因治疗symptomatic treatment对症治疗adverse reaction不良反应side reaction 副反应toxic reaction毒性反应residual effect后遗效应withdrawal reaction停药反应allergic reaction 变态反应idiocyncratic reaction 特异质反应dose-effect relationship 剂量-效应关系dose-effect curve量效曲线graded response量反应potency效价强度efficacy效能quantal response质反应median effective dose，ED50半数有效量median lethal dose，LD50半数致死量therapy index，TI治疗指数margin of safety安全范围receptor受体ligand配体binding site结合位点 occupation theory占领学说affinity亲和力intrinsic activity内在活性agonist激动药full agonist完全激动药partial agonist部分激动药antagonist拮抗药pA2拮抗参数pA2'减活指数亲和力参数pD2亲和力指数down-regulation 受体下调up-regulation受体上调tolerance 耐受性drug resistance耐药性placebo安慰剂04影响药物效应的因素synergism协同antagonism拮抗dependence依赖性physiological dependence生理依赖性psychological dependence精神依赖性05传出神经系统药理学概论somatic motor nervous system运动神经autonomic nervous system自主神经sympathetic nervous 交感神经 parasympathetic nervous 副交感神经enteric nervous system，ENS肠神经系统Synapse 突触Junction接点neuromuscular junction 神经肌肉接头synaptic cleft突触间隙endplate membrane终板膜transmitter递质acetylcholine, ACh乙酰胆碱noradrenaline, NAnorepinephrine, NE去甲肾上腺素06胆碱受体激动药Cholinoceptor agonists胆碱受体激动药carbachol卡巴胆碱pilocarpine毛果芸香碱【匹鲁卡品】Muscarine毒蕈碱nicotine烟碱07抗胆碱酯酶药AChE inhibitors，AChEIs抗胆碱酯酶药acetylcholinesterase,AChE 乙酰胆碱酯酶neostigmine新斯的明organophosphate有机磷酸酯类PAM-CL氯解磷定08胆碱受体阻断药atropine阿托品atropine fever阿托品热scopolamine东莨菪碱anisodamine 654-1山莨菪碱09肾上腺素Adrenoceptor Agonists肾上腺素受体激动药 sympathomimetic amines拟交感胺类adrenaline,AD肾上腺素epinephrine,Edopamine,DA多巴胺ephedrine麻黄碱isoprenaline, Isoproterenol，Isp异丙肾上腺素Adrenoceptor blocking drugs肾上腺素受体阻断药 (phentolamine)酚妥拉明(phentolamine) propranolol普奈洛尔(rebound)反跳10抗菌药物概论(chemotherapy)化学治疗, 化疗(antimicrobial drug)抗微生物药(antiparasitic drug)抗寄生虫药(anticancer drug)抗恶性肿瘤药（ antimicrobial drug）抗微生物药(antibacterial drugs)抗菌药(antibiotics)抗生素(antibacterial spectrum) 抗菌谱MIC最低抑菌浓度最低杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration, MB（chemotherapeutic index, CI）化疗指数(first expose effect)，FEE首次接触效应(post antibiotic effect, PAE) 抗生素后效应（resistance）耐药性（intrinsic resistance）固有耐药（acquired resistance）获得性耐药penicillin binding proteins，PBPs)青霉素结合蛋白‘11β-内酰胺类抗生素β-lactam antibiotics (β-LAs)β-内酰胺类抗生素 penicillins青霉素（Aminoglycoside antibiotics）氨基糖苷类抗生素（Streptomycin） 链霉素（Gentamycin）庆大霉素（Amikacin） 阿米卡星，丁胺卡那霉素Tetracyclines四环素Chloramphenicols氯霉素(quinolones)喹诺酮类Anti-tuberculosis drugs抗结核病药（isoniazid, rimifon, INH，H）异烟肼（rifampicin, R） 利福平（ethambutol, E）乙胺丁醇（CCNSA）周期非特异性药物（CCSA）周期特异性药物multidrug resistance）多药耐药（（recruitment）招募作用（synchronization）同步化作用研究药物与机体包括病原体相互作用及规律的科学可以改变或查明机体的生理功能及病理状态，用以预防、诊断和治疗疾病的物质。
药理学(Pharmacology)词汇
药理学(Pharmacology)词汇pharmacology <药理学(Pharmacology)> 药理学absorption <药理学(Pharmacology)> 吸收,吸收作用abstinence syndrome <药理学(Pharmacology)> 戒断症状acetaminophen <药理学(Pharmacology)> 醋氨酚action <药理学(Pharmacology)> 作用acute reaction <药理学(Pharmacology)> 急性反应addiction <药理学(Pharmacology)> 成瘾性adrenergic drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 肾上腺素药adrenoceptor <药理学(Pharmacology)> 肾上腺受体adrenoceptor blocking drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 肾上腺素受体阻断药adrenocortical hormone <药理学(Pharmacology)> 肾上腺皮质激素adrenomimetic drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 拟肾上腺素药affinity <药理学(Pharmacology)> 亲和力after effect <药理学(Pharmacology)> 后遗效应agent <药理学(Pharmacology)> 药剂agonist <药理学(Pharmacology)> 激动剂, 兴奋剂，主动肌aldosterone <药理学(Pharmacology)> 醛固酮allergy <药理学(Pharmacology)> 变态反应aminoglycosides <药理学(Pharmacology)> 氨基糖甙类amitriptyline <药理学(Pharmacology)> 阿密替林Amobarbital (amytal) <药理学(Pharmacology)> 异戊巴比妥amoxicillin <药理学(Pharmacology)> 羟氨苄青霉素(阿莫西林) amphotericin B <药理学(Pharmacology)> 二性霉素Bampicillin <药理学(Pharmacology)> 氨苄青霉素(阿比西林)amrinone <药理学(Pharmacology)> 胺吡酮anaesthetic ether <药理学(Pharmacology)> 麻醉乙醚analgesia <药理学(Pharmacology)> 镇痛analgesics <药理学(Pharmacology)> 镇痛药angiotensin converting <药理学(Pharmacology)> 血管紧张素转换anisodamine <药理学(Pharmacology)> 山莨菪碱antagonist <药理学(Pharmacology)> 拮抗剂antiadrenergic drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗肾上腺素antianginal drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗心绞痛药antianxiety <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗焦虑antiasthmatic drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗喘药antibiotics <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗生素anticarcinoma drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗肿瘤药anticholinergic drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗胆碱药anticholinesterase drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗胆碱酯酶药anticoagulant <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗凝血药anticonvulsive drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗惊厥药antidiabetic drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗糖尿病药antidiarrheal agent <药理学(Pharmacology)> 止泻药antiepileptic drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗癫痫药antihypertensive drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗高血压药antiinflammatory agent <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗炎药antimalarial drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗疟药antimanic drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗躁狂药antituberculosis drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抗结核药artemisinin <药理学(Pharmacology)> 青蒿素aspirin <药理学(Pharmacology)> 阿斯匹林atenolol <药理学(Pharmacology)> 阿替洛尔atropine <药理学(Pharmacology)> 阿托品barbiturates <药理学(Pharmacology)> 巴比妥类basis pharmacology <药理学(Pharmacology)> 基础药理学benzodiazepines <药理学(Pharmacology)> 苯二氮biguanides <药理学(Pharmacology)> 双胍类药物bioavailability <药理学(Pharmacology)> 生物利用度biochemical pharmacology <药理学(Pharmacology)> 生化药理学biotransformation <药理学(Pharmacology)> 生物转化bretylium <药理学(Pharmacology)> 溴苄胺bromocriptine <药理学(Pharmacology)> 溴隐亭bumetanide <药理学(Pharmacology)> 布美他尼, 丁苯氧酸caffeine <药理学(Pharmacology)> 咖啡因calcium antagonists <药理学(Pharmacology)> 钙拮抗药captopriilcarbamazepine <药理学(Pharmacology)> 卡巴西平carbenicillin <药理学(Pharmacology)> 羧苄青霉素carbidopa <药理学(Pharmacology)> 卡比多巴carbimazole <药理学(Pharmacology)> 卡比马唑carcinogenicity <药理学(Pharmacology)> 致癌力cardiac glycoside <药理学(Pharmacology)> 强心甙cardiovascular pharmacology <药理学(Pharmacology)> 心血管药理学 carrier <药理学(Pharmacology)> 携带者，载体，载流子，带虫者catecholamine <药理学(Pharmacology)> 儿茶酚胺cedilanidcentral stimulant <药理学(Pharmacology)> 中枢兴奋药depression <药理学(Pharmacology)> 抑制，减压detoxification <药理学(Pharmacology)> 解毒,解毒作用 dexamethasone <药理学(Pharmacology)> 地塞米松diazepam <药理学(Pharmacology)> 安定diazoxide <药理学(Pharmacology)> 二氮嗪dicaine <药理学(Pharmacology)> 的卡因dicoumarol <药理学(Pharmacology)> 双香豆素digestants <药理学(Pharmacology)> 助消化药digitalis <药理学(Pharmacology)> 洋地黄digitoxin <药理学(Pharmacology)> 洋地黄毒甙digoxin <药理学(Pharmacology)> 地高辛diltiazemdimeflinediphenhydromine benadryl <药理学(Pharmacology)> 苯海拉明 distribution <药理学(Pharmacology)> 分布diuretic <药理学(Pharmacology)> 利尿剂dobutamine <药理学(Pharmacology)> 多巴酚丁胺dosage <药理学(Pharmacology)> 剂量droperidol <药理学(Pharmacology)> 氟哌利多drug <药理学(Pharmacology)> 药物drug abuse <药理学(Pharmacology)> 药物滥用drug dependence <药理学(Pharmacology)> 药物依赖性drug enzyme <药理学(Pharmacology)> 药酶drug metabolism <药理学(Pharmacology)> 药物代谢effect <药理学(Pharmacology)> 效应efferent nervous system <药理学(Pharmacology)> 传出神经系统efficacy <药理学(Pharmacology)> 效能elimination rate constant <药理学(Pharmacology)> 清除速率常数ephedrine <药理学(Pharmacology)> 麻黄碱ethambutol <药理学(Pharmacology)> 乙胺丁醇 ethosuximide <药理学(Pharmacology)> 乙琥胺etiological treatment <药理学(Pharmacology)> 病因治疗 euphoria <药理学(Pharmacology)> 欣快症excitation <药理学(Pharmacology)> 激发，兴奋excretion <药理学(Pharmacology)> 分泌, 排泄fentanyl <药理学(Pharmacology)> 芬太尼first pass effectfirst pass elimination <药理学(Pharmacology)> 首过消除。
药理学专业词汇(中英文对照)
药理学专业词汇（中英文对照）第一章绪论药理学pharmacology药物drug药物效应动力学pharmacodynamics药物代谢动力学 pharmacokinetics上市后药物监测post-marketing surveillance第二章药物效应动力学药物作用pharmacological action药理效应pharmacological effect治疗作用therapeutic effect对症治疗symptomatic treatment补充疗法supplement therapy不良反应adverse drug reaction副作用side reaction毒性反应toxic reaction后遗效应after effect变态反应allergic reaction剂量-效应关系dose-effect relationship最小有效量minimal effective dose最小有效浓度minimal effective concentration个体差异individual variability效价强度potency构效关系structure activity relationship激动药agonist拮抗药antagonist配体门控离子通道受体ligand gated ion channel receptor第三章药物代谢动力学吸收absorption首关消除first-pass elimination静脉注射intravenous injection分布distribution生物转化biotransformation排泄excretion时量关系time-concentration relationship生物利用度bioavailability药物消除动力学过程elimination kinetic process一级消除动力学first-order elimination kinetics零级消除动力学zero-order elimination kinetics半衰期half-life表观分布容积apparent volume of distribution总体清除率total body clearance稳态浓度steady-state concentration第四章影响药物效应的因素和合理用药的原则控释剂controlled release formulation缓释剂 slow release formulation耐受性 tolerance耐药性resistance药物依赖性drug dependence相互作用 interaction配伍禁忌incompatibility协同 synergism拮抗 antagonism第五章自主神经系统药理总论运动神经somatic motor nervous system自主神经autonomic nervous system胆碱能神经cholinergic nerve去甲肾上腺素能神经noradrenergic nerve乙酰胆碱acetylcholine乙酰胆碱酯酶 acetylcholinesterase摄取uptake单胺氧化酶 mono-amine oxidase儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶catechol-O-methyl transferase第六章胆碱受体激动药毛果芸香碱pilocarpine烟碱nicotine第七章抗胆碱酯酶药及胆碱酯酶复活药抗胆碱酯酶药 anticholinesterase agents胆碱酯酶复活药cholinesterase reactivator新斯的明 neostigmine有机磷酸酯类organophosphate碘解磷定pralidoxime iodine第八章M胆碱受体阻断药阿托品atropine山莨菪碱anisodamine东莨菪碱 scopolamine第九章N胆碱受体阻断药琥珀胆碱suxamethonium筒箭毒碱d-tubocurarine第十章肾上腺素受体激动药去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline肾上腺素adrenaline多巴胺dopamine异丙肾上腺素isoprenaline第十一章肾上腺素受体阻断药肾上腺素受体阻断药adrenoceptor blocking drugs酚妥拉明phentolamine肾上腺素作用翻转adrenaline reversal酚苄明phenoxybenzamine哌唑嗪prazosin普萘洛尔propranolol第十二章局部麻醉药表面麻醉suiface anesthesia浸润麻醉infiltration anesthesia传导麻醉conduction anesthesia蛛网膜下腔麻醉subarachnoidal anesthesia 利多卡因lidocaine普鲁卡因procaine丁卡因tetracaine第十三章全身麻醉药吸入麻醉药inhalational anesthetics氟烷halothane静脉麻醉intravenous anesthetics硫喷妥钠thiopental sodium诱导麻醉 induction of anesthesia第十四章镇静催眠药地西泮Diazepam氯氮卓Chlordiazepoxide奥沙西泮Oxazepam硝西泮Nitrazepam艾司唑仑Estazolam苯巴比妥Phenobarbital水合氯醛Chloral hydrate第十五章抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药抗癫痫药antiepileptic drugs苯妥英钠sodium phenytoin苯巴比妥phenobarbital扑米酮primidone乙琥胺ethosuximide苯二氮卓类benzodiazepine卡马西平carbamazepine丙戊酸钠sodium valproate硫酸镁magnesium sulfate第十六章抗中枢退行性疾病药左旋多巴levodopa, L-dopa卡比多巴Carbidopa司来吉米Selegiline硝替卡朋Nitecapone第十七章抗精神失常药抗精神病药antipsychotic drugs抗躁狂药antimanic drugs抗抑郁药antidepressive drugs抗焦虑药antianxiety drugs吩噻嗪类phenothiazines硫杂蒽类thioxanthenes丁酰苯类butyrophenones氯丙嗪chlorpromazine氯氮平clozapine碳酸锂lithium carbonate丙米嗪imipramine第十八章镇痛药阿片opium吗啡 morphine哌替啶pethidine美沙酮methadone喷他佐辛pentazocine芬太尼 fentanyl第十九章解热镇痛抗炎药解热镇痛抗炎药antipyretic，analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs 非甾体抗炎药non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs花生四烯酸arachidonic acid阿司匹林aspirin非那西丁phenacetin乙酰氨基酚paracetamol保泰松phenylbutazone吲哚美辛indomethacin布洛芬brufen别嘌醇 allopurinol丙磺舒 probenecid秋水仙碱colchicines第二十章抗变态反应药组胺histamine抗组胺药antihistamines苯海拉明diphenhydramine异丙嗪promethazine阿司咪唑astemizole西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine酮色林 ketanserin昂丹司琼ondansetron第二十一章钙拮抗药钙拮抗药calcium antagonists电压依赖性钙通道voltage dependent Ca2+ channels受体调控性钙通道receptor-operated Ca2+ channels第二信使活化钙通道second messenger operated Ca2+ channels 机械活化钙通道mechanically operated Ca2+ channels硝苯地平nifedipine尼群地平nitrendipine地尔硫卓diltiazem维拉帕米 verapamil第二十二章肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统肾素 rennin血管紧张素原angiotensinogen血管紧张素转化酶angiotensin converting enzyme血管紧张素肽angiotensin peptides血管紧张素受体angiotensin receptor卡托普利 captopril依那普利 enalapril雷米普利ramipril第二十三章抗心律失常药心律失常arrhythmias奎尼丁Quinidine利多卡因Lidocaine普罗帕酮Propafenone胺碘酮Amiodarone维拉帕米Verapamil致心律失常作用proarrhythmia，arrhythmogenesis第二十四章抗慢性心功能不全药卡托普利 Captopril氯沙坦Losartar美托洛尔metoprolol卡维地洛carvedilol地高辛Digoxin米力农Milrinone维司力农vesnarinone第二十五章抗心绞痛药心绞痛angina pectoris硝酸甘油nitroglycerin硝酸异山梨酯isosobide dinitrater戊四硝酯pentaerythrityl tetranitrate普萘洛尔propranolol硝苯地平nifedipine维拉帕米verapamil地尔硫卓diltiazem卡维地洛carvedilol第二十六章调血脂药与抗动脉粥样硬化药胆固醇cholesterol三酰甘油triglyceride磷脂phospholipid游离脂肪酸free fatty acid胆固醇酯cholesteryl ester游离胆固醇free cholesterol总胆固醇total cholesterol载脂蛋白apoprotein脂蛋白lipoprotein消胆胺cholestyramine, cholesteramine resin 烟酸nicotinic acid普罗布考/丙丁酚probucol多烯脂肪酸类polyenoic fatty acids多不饱和脂肪酸类polyunsaturated fatty acids二十碳五烯酸eicosapentaenoic acid二十二碳六烯酸docosahexaenoic acidα-亚麻酸α-linolenic acid亚油酸linolenic acidγ-亚麻酸γ-linolenic acid月见草油evening primrose oil亚油酸linolenic acid硫酸乙酰肝素heparan sulfate硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate硫酸软骨素chondroitin sulfate第二十七章抗高血压药个体化治疗方案individualized therapy氢氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氨氯地平amlodipine卡托普利captopril氯沙坦losartan可乐定clonidine甲基多巴methyldopa莫索尼定moxonidine哌唑嗪prazosin肼屈嗪hydralazine米诺地尔minoxidil二氮嗪 diazoxide硝普钠 sodium nitroprusside第二十八章利尿药及脱水药利尿药diuresis drugs呋噻米furosemide阿米洛利amiloride螺内酯spironolactone乙酰唑胺acetazolamide氢氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氨苯蝶啶triamterene第二十九章作用于血液和造血器官的药物肝素heparin鱼精蛋白protamin低分子量肝素low molacular weight heparin伊诺肝素enoxaparin水蛭素lepirudin双香豆素dicoumarin华法林warfarin枸橼酸钠sodium Citrate阿司匹林aspirin利多格雷ridogrel依前列醇epoprostanol双嘧达莫dipyridamole噻氯匹定antigreg链激酶streptokinase,SK阿替普酶alteplase沙芦普酶saruplase阿尼普酶anistreplase右旋糖酐dexran第三十章作用于呼吸系统的药物平喘药antiasthmatic drugs镇咳药antitussives祛痰药expectorants倍氯米松beclomethasone dipropionate布地奈德budesonide曲安奈德triamcinolone acetonide丙酸氟替卡松fluticasone propionate氟尼缩松flunisolide色甘酸钠disodium cromoglycate曲尼司特tranilast酮替芬ketotifen奈多罗米钠nedocromil sodium沙丁胺醇salbutamol特布他林terbutaline克仑特罗clenbuterol氯丙那林clorprenaline福莫特罗formoterol沙美特罗salmeterol氨茶碱aminophylline二羟丙茶碱diprophylline胆茶碱cholinophylline多索茶碱doxofylline茶碱theophylline异丙托溴铵ipratropium可待因codeine右美沙芬dextromethorphan喷托维林pentoxyverine苯佐那酯benzonatate苯丙哌林benproperine氯化铵ammonium chloride乙酰半胱氨酸acetylcysteine溴己新bromhexine第三十一章作用于消化系统的药物西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine法莫替丁famotidine丙谷胺proglumide哌仑西平pirenzepine奥美拉唑omeprazole硫糖铝sucralfate三钾二枸橼酸铋tripotassium dicitrate bismuthate 昂丹司琼ondansetron苯海拉明diphenhydramine东莨菪碱scopolamine氯丙嗪chloropromazine甲氧氯普胺metoclopramide多潘立酮domperidone西沙必利cisapride硫酸镁magnesium sulfate硫酸钠sodium sulfate乳果糖lactulose酚酞phenolphthalein比沙可啶bisacodyl液体石腊liquid paraffin甘油glycerin地芬诺酯diphenoxylate洛哌丁胺loperamide联苯双酯bifendate马洛替酯malotilate苯丙醇phenylpropanol熊去氧胆酸ursodeoxycholic acid牛胆酸钠sodium tauroglycocholate去氢胆酸dehydrocholic acid曲匹布通trepibutone第三十二章子宫平滑肌兴奋药和抑制药缩宫素oxytocin麦角新碱ergometrine麦角胺ergotamine前列腺素prostaglandin第三十三章性激素类药及避孕药雌激素estrogen孕激素progestogen雄激素androgen第三十四章肾上腺皮质激素类药物肾上腺皮质激素adrenocortical hormones糖皮质激素glucocorticoids氢化可的松hydrocortisone可的松cortisone盐皮质激素mineralocorticoids醛固酮aldosterone去氧皮质酮desoxycorticosterone泼尼松prednisone泼尼松龙prednisolone甲泼尼龙methylprednisolone地塞米松dexamethasone倍他米松betamethasone曲安西龙triamcinolone氟氢可的松fludrocortisone氟轻松fluocinolone acetonide糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid receptor正性糖皮质激素反应成分glucocorticoid response element负性糖皮质激素反应成分negative glucocorticoid response element 皮质激素转运球蛋白corticosteroid binding globulin第三十五章甲状腺素和抗甲状腺药甲状腺功能亢进症hyperthyroidism甲状腺素thyroxine三碘甲状腺原氨酸triiodothyronine抗甲状腺药antithyroid drugs硫脲类thiourease硫氧嘧啶类thiouracils丙硫氧嘧啶propylthiouracil甲硫氧嘧啶methylthiouracil咪唑类imidazoles甲硫咪唑thiamazole他巴唑tapazole碘iodine碘化物iodide放射性碘radioiodine第三十六章胰岛素及口服降糖药胰岛素insulin甲苯磺丁脲tolbutamide氯磺丙脲chlorpropamide格列吡嗪glipizide格列齐特gliclazide格列波脲glibornuride格列喹酮gliquidone格列美脲glimepiride苯乙福明phenformin丁福明buformin甲福明metformin阿卡波糖acarbose伏格列波糖voglibose米格列醇miglitol罗格列酮rosiglitazone环格列酮ciglitazone吡格列酮pioglitazone恩格列酮englitazone第三十七章抗菌药物概论抑菌药inhibitory drugs杀菌药bactericidal drugs抗菌谱antimicrobial spectrum最低抑菌浓度minimal inhibitory concentration最低杀菌浓度minimal bactericidal concentration化学疗法chemotherapy耐药性tolerance抗生素 antibiotics第三十八章β-内酰胺类抗生素青霉素penicillin青霉素结合蛋白penicillin binding proteins头孢噻吩cephalothin头孢孟多cefamandole头孢曲松ceftriaxone第三十九章大环内酯类、林可霉素类及万古霉素类抗生素大环内酯类抗生素macrolides红霉素erythromycin林可霉素lincomycin万古霉素vancomycin螺旋霉素spiramycin第四十章氨基苷类及多黏菌素类氨基苷类aminoglycosides链霉素streptomycin庆大霉素gentamicin卡那霉素kanamycin抗生素后效应post antibiotic effect妥布霉素tobramycin阿米卡星amikacin奈替米星netilmicin多黏菌素类polymyxins第四十一章四环素类及氯霉素类四环素tetracycline土霉素terramycin氯霉素chloramphenicol广谱抗生素broad-spectrum antibiotics多西环素doxycycline第四十二章人工合成抗菌药喹诺酮类quinolones诺氟沙星norfloxacin吡哌酸pipemidic acid氧氟沙星ofloxacin左氧氟沙星levofloxacin环丙沙星ciprofloxacin司帕沙星sparfloxacin曲伐沙星trovafloxacin磺胺嘧啶sulfadiazine磺胺甲噁唑sulfamethoxazole磺胺异噁唑sulfafurazole呋喃妥因nitrofurantoin呋喃唑酮furazolidone甲硝唑metronidazole第四十三章抗真菌及抗病毒药制霉菌素nystatin两性霉素B amphotericin B克霉唑clotrimazole阿昔洛韦acyclovir利巴韦林ribavirin金刚烷胺amantadine第四十四章抗结核病及抗麻风病药异烟肼 isoniazid利福平rifampicin乙胺丁醇 ethambutol吡嗪酰胺pyrazinamide对氨水杨酸钠sodium paraaminosalicylate卷曲霉素 capreomycin第四十五章抗疟药氯喹chloroquine奎宁quinine本芴醇benflumetol伯氨喹primaquine乙胺嘧啶pyrimethamine第四十六章抗阿米巴病药及抗滴虫病药甲硝唑 metronidazole二氯尼特diloxanide喹啉quinoline第四十七章抗血吸虫病药和抗丝虫病药吡喹酮 pyquiton乙胺嗪diethylcarbamazine伊维菌素ivermectin第四十八章抗肠蠕虫药甲苯咪唑mebendazole阿苯达唑 albendazole第四十九章抗恶性肿瘤药甲氨蝶呤methotrexate5-氟尿嘧啶 5-fluorouracil阿糖胞苷cytarabine羟基脲 hydroxycarbamide氮芥chlormethine环磷酰胺endoxan丝裂霉素mitomycin博莱霉素bleomycin喜树碱camptothecin长春碱vinblastin长春新碱vincristin第五十章免疫调节药免疫调节药 immunomodulators 免疫抑制药immunosuppressive agents 免疫激活药immunostimu-lanyts免疫增强药immunopotentiating drugs 环孢素ciclosporin抗淋巴细胞球蛋白antilymphocyte globulin 左旋咪唑levamisole干扰素 interferon胸腺素 thymosin。
(完整版)药理学名词解释
药理学名词解释1、药物（drug）：指可以改变或查明机体的生理功能及病理状态，可用以预防、诊断和治疗疾病的物质。
2、药物作用（drug action）：药物对机体的初始作用，是动因。
3、药理效应（pharmacological effect）：药物作用的机体反应的表现，即药物作用的结果。
4、不良反应（adverse reaction）：凡与用药目的无关，并为病人带来不适或痛苦的反应统称为药物不良反应。
如庆大霉素引起的神经性耳聋等。
5、副反应（side raction）：也称副作用，指治疗剂量下出现的与治疗目的无关的反应，如阿托品用于治疗胃肠痉挛引起的口干、心悸、便秘等作用。
6、毒性反应（toxic reaction）：剂量过大或药物在体内蓄积过多时发作的危害性反应，一般比较严重，如致癌、致畸胎和致突变等反应。
7、后遗效应（residual effect）：停药后血药浓度已降至阈浓度以下时残存的药理效应，服用巴比妥类催眠药后，次晨出现乏力、困倦等现象。
8、停药反应（withdrawal reaction）：突然停药后原有疾病加剧，又称回跃反应，长期服用可乐定降血压，停药次日血压将明显回升。
9、特异质反应（idiosyncratic reaction）：少数特异体质病人对某些药物反应特别敏感，反应性质也可能与常人不同，与药物固有的药理作用基本一致，反应严重程度与剂量成正比，药理性拮抗剂救治可能有效，对骨骼肌松弛药琥珀胆碱发生的特异质反应是由于先天性血浆胆碱酯酶缺乏所致。
10、剂量-效应关系（dose-effect relationship）：药理效应与剂量在一定范围内成比例。
11、量效曲线（dose-effect curve）：用效应强度为纵坐标、药物剂量或药物浓度为横坐标作图则得。
12、量反应（graded response）：效应的强弱呈连续增减的变化，可用具体数量或最大反应的百分率表示者称为量反应。
药理单词
acute急性pulmonary肺edema水肿contraindicated禁忌的diarrhea腹泻bronchial asthma支气管哮喘phenothiazines吩噻嗪类（代表药物有氯丙嗪即冬眠灵）orthostatic hypotension直立性低血压constipation便秘urinary小便retention阻滞hypoprolactinemia低催乳素血症antiemesis镇吐control of psychotic behavior肢体行为的控制（迟发型运动障碍）Akathisia静坐不能galactorrhea乳溢乳漏amenorrhea闭经、月经不调perphenazine羟哌氯丙嗪Muscarinic receptor毒菌碱型受体（M受体）Miosis缩瞳respiratory depression抑制呼吸Diarrhea腹泻postural hypotension体位性低血压barbiturates巴比妥类药物benzodiazepines苯二氮卓类untoward不好的Clotting血栓indications适应症antipsychotic抗精神病pethidine哌替啶analgesic阵痛hyperthermia高热、体温过高route路线道路subject受制于Intravenous静脉注射Inhalational吸入给药Oral口服Sublingual (SL)舌下含服Intramuscular肌肉注射Physiologic生理性Competitive antagonism竞争性拮抗Irreversible不可逆intervals间距plasma 血浆concentration浓度pharmacokinetic药物代谢reliably可靠地reflects反映target靶Peak最高blood concentration最高血药浓度Product 乘积first-order一阶rate constant速率常数phase II 第二相结合反应biotransformation生物转化Nitro硝基Ester酯hydrolysis水解Sulfate硫酸盐conjugation共轭Deamination脱硝基去胺基proportion比例small intestine小肠.assumption假想passive被动non-ionized非离子化extent范围Propranolol普萘洛尔facilitated diffusion易化扩散saturated饱和certain ionic某些离子certain ionic某些离子concentration gradient浓度梯度interfere介入干扰metabolism代谢inhibited noncompetitively非竞争抑制Irritation刺激gastric胃mucosa粘膜nausea恶心vomiting呕吐digestive enzymes消化酶nonabsorbable不可吸收的complexes复合体Variability变异性fluctuations波动tyrosine酪氨酸kinase激酶adrenergic肾上腺素Insulin胰岛素Hydrocortisone皮质醇Nicotinic烟碱Supersensitivity超过敏性Tachyphylaxis 快速抗药反应快速耐受Tolerance耐受性Hyposensitivity低敏感性Hyperreactivity高敏性Anaphylaxis过敏性response反应term术语Immunologically免疫的mediated调节denervation去神经支配transmembranal跨膜的Filtration滤过Simple diffusion 简单扩散Endocytosis 胞吞Lipid-soluble脂溶性proportional比例lipid脂质partition coefficient分配系数Bulk flow总体流量pores孔osmotic渗透性的binding绑定proteinaceous membrane carrier蛋白质载体expenditure支出interaction互相作用illustrates阐述Tetracycline四环素（抗生素）Amobarbital 异戊巴比妥（镇静安眠药）secobarbital司可巴比妥Isoproterenol异丙肾上腺素（治疗心血管扩张）propranolol普萘洛尔（一种用于治疗心律不齐、心绞痛等的药物）Therapeutic有治疗作用的agonist激动剂Lipid-soluble xenobiotics脂溶性外源物biotransformed生物转化drug-metabolizing microsomal system 药物代谢微粒系统(DMMS)component成分microsomal微粒Cytochrome 细胞色素Cyclooxygenase环氧酶Cytochrome细胞色素reducing equivalents还原当量flavoprotein黄素蛋白toxic中毒onset开始Duration持续physostigmine毒扁豆碱neostigmine新斯的明ocular 视觉pilocarpine毛果芸香碱atropine阿托品phenylephrine去氧肾上腺素Noradrenaline去甲肾上腺素adrenaline肾上腺素isoprenaline异丙肾上腺素indications适应症contraindications禁忌症synthesis合成storage储存release释放inactivation失活acetylcholine乙酰胆碱adrenergic receptors肾上腺素能受体physiologic response to activation生理活化应答anaphylactic过敏性diphenhydramine苯海拉明Phentolamine酚妥拉明contraction收缩stimulating 刺激cardiac心脏Antagonizing 调整vagal 迷走神经peripheral 周边的vasoconstriction血管收缩calcium 钙secretions分泌物sweat 汗salivary唾液bronchial 支气管。
药理学专业词汇(中英文对照)
药理学专业词汇（中英文对照）第一章绪论药理学pharmacology药物drug药物效应动力学pharmacodynamics药物代谢动力学 pharmacokinetics上市后药物监测post-marketing surveillance第二章药物效应动力学药物作用pharmacological action药理效应pharmacological effect治疗作用therapeutic effect对症治疗symptomatic treatment补充疗法supplement therapy不良反应adverse drug reaction副作用side reaction毒性反应toxic reaction后遗效应after effect变态反应allergic reaction剂量-效应关系dose-effect relationship最小有效量minimal effective dose最小有效浓度minimal effective concentration个体差异individual variability效价强度potency构效关系structure activity relationship激动药agonist拮抗药antagonist配体门控离子通道受体ligand gated ion channel receptor第三章药物代谢动力学吸收absorption首关消除first-pass elimination静脉注射intravenous injection分布distribution生物转化biotransformation排泄excretion时量关系time-concentration relationship生物利用度bioavailability药物消除动力学过程elimination kinetic process一级消除动力学first-order elimination kinetics零级消除动力学zero-order elimination kinetics半衰期half-life表观分布容积apparent volume of distribution总体清除率total body clearance稳态浓度steady-state concentration第四章影响药物效应的因素和合理用药的原则控释剂controlled release formulation缓释剂 slow release formulation耐受性 tolerance耐药性resistance药物依赖性drug dependence相互作用 interaction配伍禁忌incompatibility协同 synergism拮抗 antagonism第五章自主神经系统药理总论运动神经somatic motor nervous system自主神经autonomic nervous system胆碱能神经cholinergic nerve去甲肾上腺素能神经noradrenergic nerve乙酰胆碱acetylcholine乙酰胆碱酯酶 acetylcholinesterase摄取uptake单胺氧化酶 mono-amine oxidase儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶catechol-O-methyl transferase第六章胆碱受体激动药毛果芸香碱pilocarpine烟碱nicotine第七章抗胆碱酯酶药及胆碱酯酶复活药抗胆碱酯酶药 anticholinesterase agents胆碱酯酶复活药cholinesterase reactivator新斯的明 neostigmine有机磷酸酯类organophosphate碘解磷定pralidoxime iodine第八章M胆碱受体阻断药阿托品atropine山莨菪碱anisodamine东莨菪碱 scopolamine第九章N胆碱受体阻断药琥珀胆碱suxamethonium筒箭毒碱d-tubocurarine第十章肾上腺素受体激动药去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline肾上腺素adrenaline多巴胺dopamine异丙肾上腺素isoprenaline第十一章肾上腺素受体阻断药肾上腺素受体阻断药adrenoceptor blocking drugs 酚妥拉明phentolamine肾上腺素作用翻转adrenaline reversal酚苄明phenoxybenzamine哌唑嗪prazosin普萘洛尔propranolol第十二章局部麻醉药表面麻醉suiface anesthesia浸润麻醉infiltration anesthesia传导麻醉conduction anesthesia蛛网膜下腔麻醉subarachnoidal anesthesia 利多卡因lidocaine普鲁卡因procaine丁卡因tetracaine第十三章全身麻醉药吸入麻醉药inhalational anesthetics氟烷halothane静脉麻醉intravenous anesthetics硫喷妥钠thiopental sodium诱导麻醉 induction of anesthesia第十四章镇静催眠药地西泮Diazepam氯氮卓Chlordiazepoxide奥沙西泮Oxazepam硝西泮Nitrazepam艾司唑仑Estazolam苯巴比妥Phenobarbital水合氯醛Chloral hydrate第十五章抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药抗癫痫药antiepileptic drugs苯妥英钠sodium phenytoin苯巴比妥phenobarbital扑米酮primidone乙琥胺ethosuximide苯二氮卓类benzodiazepine卡马西平carbamazepine丙戊酸钠sodium valproate硫酸镁magnesium sulfate第十六章抗中枢退行性疾病药左旋多巴levodopa, L-dopa卡比多巴Carbidopa司来吉米Selegiline硝替卡朋Nitecapone第十七章抗精神失常药抗精神病药antipsychotic drugs抗躁狂药antimanic drugs抗抑郁药antidepressive drugs抗焦虑药antianxiety drugs吩噻嗪类phenothiazines硫杂蒽类thioxanthenes丁酰苯类butyrophenones氯丙嗪chlorpromazine氯氮平clozapine碳酸锂lithium carbonate丙米嗪imipramine第十八章镇痛药阿片opium吗啡 morphine哌替啶pethidine美沙酮methadone喷他佐辛pentazocine芬太尼 fentanyl第十九章解热镇痛抗炎药解热镇痛抗炎药antipyretic，analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs 非甾体抗炎药non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs花生四烯酸arachidonic acid阿司匹林aspirin非那西丁phenacetin乙酰氨基酚paracetamol保泰松phenylbutazone吲哚美辛indomethacin布洛芬brufen别嘌醇 allopurinol丙磺舒 probenecid秋水仙碱colchicines第二十章抗变态反应药组胺histamine抗组胺药antihistamines苯海拉明diphenhydramine异丙嗪promethazine阿司咪唑astemizole西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine酮色林 ketanserin昂丹司琼ondansetron第二十一章钙拮抗药钙拮抗药calcium antagonists电压依赖性钙通道voltage dependent Ca2+ channels受体调控性钙通道receptor-operated Ca2+ channels第二信使活化钙通道second messenger operated Ca2+ channels 机械活化钙通道mechanically operated Ca2+ channels硝苯地平nifedipine尼群地平nitrendipine地尔硫卓diltiazem维拉帕米 verapamil第二十二章肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统肾素 rennin血管紧张素原angiotensinogen血管紧张素转化酶angiotensin converting enzyme血管紧张素肽angiotensin peptides血管紧张素受体angiotensin receptor卡托普利 captopril依那普利 enalapril雷米普利ramipril第二十三章抗心律失常药心律失常arrhythmias奎尼丁Quinidine利多卡因Lidocaine普罗帕酮Propafenone胺碘酮Amiodarone维拉帕米Verapamil致心律失常作用proarrhythmia，arrhythmogenesis第二十四章抗慢性心功能不全药卡托普利 Captopril氯沙坦Losartar美托洛尔metoprolol卡维地洛carvedilol地高辛Digoxin米力农Milrinone维司力农vesnarinone第二十五章抗心绞痛药心绞痛angina pectoris硝酸甘油nitroglycerin硝酸异山梨酯isosobide dinitrater戊四硝酯pentaerythrityl tetranitrate普萘洛尔propranolol硝苯地平nifedipine维拉帕米verapamil地尔硫卓diltiazem卡维地洛carvedilol第二十六章调血脂药与抗动脉粥样硬化药胆固醇cholesterol三酰甘油triglyceride磷脂phospholipid游离脂肪酸free fatty acid胆固醇酯cholesteryl ester游离胆固醇free cholesterol总胆固醇total cholesterol载脂蛋白apoprotein脂蛋白lipoprotein消胆胺cholestyramine, cholesteramine resin烟酸nicotinic acid普罗布考/丙丁酚probucol多烯脂肪酸类polyenoic fatty acids多不饱和脂肪酸类polyunsaturated fatty acids二十碳五烯酸eicosapentaenoic acid二十二碳六烯酸docosahexaenoic acidα-亚麻酸α-linolenic acid亚油酸linolenic acidγ-亚麻酸γ-linolenic acid月见草油evening primrose oil亚油酸linolenic acid硫酸乙酰肝素heparan sulfate硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate硫酸软骨素chondroitin sulfate第二十七章抗高血压药个体化治疗方案individualized therapy氢氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氨氯地平amlodipine卡托普利captopril氯沙坦losartan可乐定clonidine甲基多巴methyldopa莫索尼定moxonidine哌唑嗪prazosin肼屈嗪hydralazine米诺地尔minoxidil二氮嗪 diazoxide硝普钠 sodium nitroprusside第二十八章利尿药及脱水药利尿药diuresis drugs呋噻米furosemide阿米洛利amiloride螺内酯spironolactone乙酰唑胺acetazolamide氢氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氨苯蝶啶triamterene第二十九章作用于血液和造血器官的药物肝素heparin鱼精蛋白protamin低分子量肝素low molacular weight heparin伊诺肝素enoxaparin水蛭素lepirudin双香豆素dicoumarin华法林warfarin枸橼酸钠sodium Citrate阿司匹林aspirin利多格雷ridogrel依前列醇epoprostanol双嘧达莫dipyridamole噻氯匹定antigreg链激酶streptokinase,SK阿替普酶alteplase沙芦普酶saruplase阿尼普酶anistreplase右旋糖酐dexran第三十章作用于呼吸系统的药物平喘药antiasthmatic drugs镇咳药antitussives祛痰药expectorants倍氯米松beclomethasone dipropionate 布地奈德budesonide曲安奈德triamcinolone acetonide丙酸氟替卡松fluticasone propionate氟尼缩松flunisolide色甘酸钠disodium cromoglycate曲尼司特tranilast酮替芬ketotifen奈多罗米钠nedocromil sodium沙丁胺醇salbutamol特布他林terbutaline克仑特罗clenbuterol氯丙那林clorprenaline福莫特罗formoterol沙美特罗salmeterol氨茶碱aminophylline二羟丙茶碱diprophylline胆茶碱cholinophylline多索茶碱doxofylline茶碱theophylline异丙托溴铵ipratropium可待因codeine右美沙芬dextromethorphan喷托维林pentoxyverine苯佐那酯benzonatate苯丙哌林benproperine氯化铵ammonium chloride乙酰半胱氨酸acetylcysteine溴己新bromhexine第三十一章作用于消化系统的药物西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine法莫替丁famotidine丙谷胺proglumide哌仑西平pirenzepine奥美拉唑omeprazole硫糖铝sucralfate三钾二枸橼酸铋tripotassium dicitrate bismuthate 昂丹司琼ondansetron苯海拉明diphenhydramine东莨菪碱scopolamine氯丙嗪chloropromazine甲氧氯普胺metoclopramide多潘立酮domperidone西沙必利cisapride硫酸镁magnesium sulfate硫酸钠sodium sulfate乳果糖lactulose酚酞phenolphthalein比沙可啶bisacodyl液体石腊liquid paraffin甘油glycerin地芬诺酯diphenoxylate洛哌丁胺loperamide联苯双酯bifendate马洛替酯malotilate苯丙醇phenylpropanol熊去氧胆酸ursodeoxycholic acid牛胆酸钠sodium tauroglycocholate去氢胆酸dehydrocholic acid曲匹布通trepibutone第三十二章子宫平滑肌兴奋药和抑制药缩宫素oxytocin麦角新碱ergometrine麦角胺ergotamine前列腺素prostaglandin第三十三章性激素类药及避孕药雌激素estrogen孕激素progestogen雄激素androgen第三十四章肾上腺皮质激素类药物肾上腺皮质激素adrenocortical hormones糖皮质激素glucocorticoids氢化可的松hydrocortisone可的松cortisone盐皮质激素mineralocorticoids醛固酮aldosterone去氧皮质酮desoxycorticosterone泼尼松prednisone泼尼松龙prednisolone甲泼尼龙methylprednisolone地塞米松dexamethasone倍他米松betamethasone曲安西龙triamcinolone氟氢可的松fludrocortisone氟轻松fluocinolone acetonide糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid receptor正性糖皮质激素反应成分glucocorticoid response element负性糖皮质激素反应成分negative glucocorticoid response element 皮质激素转运球蛋白corticosteroid binding globulin第三十五章甲状腺素和抗甲状腺药甲状腺功能亢进症hyperthyroidism甲状腺素thyroxine三碘甲状腺原氨酸triiodothyronine抗甲状腺药antithyroid drugs硫脲类thiourease硫氧嘧啶类thiouracils丙硫氧嘧啶propylthiouracil甲硫氧嘧啶methylthiouracil咪唑类imidazoles甲硫咪唑thiamazole他巴唑tapazole碘iodine碘化物iodide放射性碘radioiodine第三十六章胰岛素及口服降糖药胰岛素insulin甲苯磺丁脲tolbutamide氯磺丙脲chlorpropamide格列吡嗪glipizide格列齐特gliclazide格列波脲glibornuride格列喹酮gliquidone格列美脲glimepiride苯乙福明phenformin丁福明buformin甲福明metformin阿卡波糖acarbose伏格列波糖voglibose米格列醇miglitol罗格列酮rosiglitazone环格列酮ciglitazone吡格列酮pioglitazone恩格列酮englitazone第三十七章抗菌药物概论抑菌药inhibitory drugs杀菌药bactericidal drugs抗菌谱antimicrobial spectrum最低抑菌浓度minimal inhibitory concentration最低杀菌浓度minimal bactericidal concentration化学疗法chemotherapy耐药性tolerance抗生素antibiotics第三十八章β-内酰胺类抗生素青霉素penicillin青霉素结合蛋白penicillin binding proteins头孢噻吩cephalothin头孢孟多cefamandole头孢曲松ceftriaxone第三十九章大环内酯类、林可霉素类及万古霉素类抗生素大环内酯类抗生素macrolides红霉素erythromycin林可霉素lincomycin万古霉素vancomycin螺旋霉素spiramycin第四十章氨基苷类及多黏菌素类氨基苷类aminoglycosides链霉素streptomycin庆大霉素gentamicin卡那霉素kanamycin抗生素后效应post antibiotic effect妥布霉素tobramycin阿米卡星amikacin奈替米星netilmicin多黏菌素类polymyxins第四十一章四环素类及氯霉素类四环素tetracycline土霉素terramycin氯霉素chloramphenicol广谱抗生素broad-spectrum antibiotics 多西环素doxycycline第四十二章人工合成抗菌药喹诺酮类quinolones诺氟沙星norfloxacin吡哌酸pipemidic acid氧氟沙星ofloxacin左氧氟沙星levofloxacin环丙沙星ciprofloxacin司帕沙星sparfloxacin曲伐沙星trovafloxacin磺胺嘧啶sulfadiazine磺胺甲噁唑sulfamethoxazole磺胺异噁唑sulfafurazole呋喃妥因nitrofurantoin呋喃唑酮furazolidone甲硝唑metronidazole第四十三章抗真菌及抗病毒药制霉菌素nystatin两性霉素B amphotericin B克霉唑clotrimazole阿昔洛韦acyclovir利巴韦林ribavirin金刚烷胺amantadine第四十四章抗结核病及抗麻风病药异烟肼 isoniazid利福平rifampicin乙胺丁醇 ethambutol吡嗪酰胺pyrazinamide对氨水杨酸钠sodium paraaminosalicylate 卷曲霉素 capreomycin第四十五章抗疟药氯喹chloroquine奎宁quinine本芴醇benflumetol伯氨喹primaquine乙胺嘧啶pyrimethamine第四十六章抗阿米巴病药及抗滴虫病药甲硝唑 metronidazole二氯尼特diloxanide喹啉quinoline第四十七章抗血吸虫病药和抗丝虫病药吡喹酮 pyquiton乙胺嗪diethylcarbamazine伊维菌素ivermectin第四十八章抗肠蠕虫药甲苯咪唑mebendazole阿苯达唑 albendazole第四十九章抗恶性肿瘤药甲氨蝶呤methotrexate5-氟尿嘧啶 5-fluorouracil阿糖胞苷cytarabine羟基脲 hydroxycarbamide氮芥chlormethine环磷酰胺endoxan丝裂霉素mitomycin博莱霉素bleomycin喜树碱camptothecin长春碱vinblastin长春新碱vincristin第五十章免疫调节药免疫调节药 immunomodulators免疫抑制药immunosuppressive agents 免疫激活药immunostimu-lanyts免疫增强药immunopotentiating drugs 环孢素ciclosporin抗淋巴细胞球蛋白antilymphocyte globulin左旋咪唑levamisole干扰素 interferon胸腺素 thymosin。
药理学专业词汇(中英文对照)
药理学专业词汇(中英文对照)药理学专业词汇（中英文对照）第一章绪论药理学pharmacology 药物drug药物效应动力学pharmacodynamics药物代谢动力学 pharmacokinetics上市后药物监测post-marketing surveillance第二章药物效应动力学药物作用pharmacological action药理效应pharmacological effect治疗作用therapeutic effect对症治疗symptomatic treatment补充疗法supplement therapy不良反应adverse drug reaction副作用side reaction毒性反应toxic reaction后遗效应after effect变态反应allergic reaction剂量-效应关系dose-effect relationship最小有效量minimal effective dose最小有效浓度minimal effective concentration个体差异individual variability效价强度potency构效关系structure activity relationship激动药agonist拮抗药antagonist配体门控离子通道受体ligand gated ion channel receptor第三章药物代谢动力学吸收absorption首关消除first-pass elimination静脉注射intravenous injection分布distribution 生物转化biotransformation排泄excretion时量关系time-concentration relationship生物利用度bioavailability药物消除动力学过程elimination kinetic process一级消除动力学first-order elimination kinetics零级消除动力学zero-order elimination kinetics半衰期half-life表观分布容积apparentvolume of distribution总体清除率total body clearance稳态浓度steady-state concentration第四章影响药物效应的因素和合理用药的原则控释剂controlled release formulation缓释剂 slow release formulation耐受性 tolerance耐药性resistance药物依赖性drug dependence相互作用 interaction配伍禁忌incompatibility协同 synergism拮抗 antagonism第五章自主神经系统药理总论运动神经somatic motor nervous system自主神经autonomic nervous system胆碱能神经cholinergic nerve 去甲肾上腺素能神经noradrenergic nerve乙酰胆碱acetylcholine乙酰胆碱酯酶 acetylcholinesterase 摄取uptake 单胺氧化酶 mono-amine oxidase儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶catechol-O-methyl transferase第六章胆碱受体激动药毛果芸香碱pilocarpine烟碱nicotine第七章抗胆碱酯酶药及胆碱酯酶复活药抗胆碱酯酶药 anticholinesteraseagents胆碱酯酶复活药cholinesterase reactivator新斯的明 neostigmine 有机磷酸酯类organophosphate碘解磷定pralidoxime iodine第八章 M胆碱受体阻断药阿托品atropine山莨菪碱anisodamine东莨菪碱 scopolamine第九章N胆碱受体阻断药琥珀胆碱suxamethonium筒箭毒碱d-tubocurarine第十章肾上腺素受体激动药去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline肾上腺素adrenaline多巴胺dopamine异丙肾上腺素isoprenaline第十一章肾上腺素受体阻断药肾上腺素受体阻断药adrenoceptor blocking drugs酚妥拉明phentolamine肾上腺素作用翻转adrenaline reversal酚苄明phenoxybenzamine哌唑嗪prazosin普萘洛尔propranolol第十二章局部麻醉药表面麻醉suiface anesthesia浸润麻醉infiltration anesthesia传导麻醉conduction anesthesia蛛网膜下腔麻醉subarachnoidal anesthesia利多卡因lidocaine普鲁卡因procaine丁卡因tetracaine第十三章全身麻醉药吸入麻醉药inhalational anesthetics氟烷halothane静脉麻醉intravenous anesthetics硫喷妥钠thiopental sodium诱导麻醉 induction of anesthesia第十四章镇静催眠药地西泮Diazepam氯氮卓Chlordiazepoxide奥沙西泮Oxazepam硝西泮Nitrazepam艾司唑仑Estazolam苯巴比妥Phenobarbital水合氯醛Chloral hydrate第十五章抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药抗癫痫药antiepileptic drugs苯妥英钠sodium phenytoin苯巴比妥phenobarbital扑米酮primidone乙琥胺ethosuximide苯二氮卓类benzodiazepine卡马西平carbamazepine丙戊酸钠sodium valproate硫酸镁magnesium sulfate第十六章抗中枢退行性疾病药左旋多巴levodopa, L-dopa卡比多巴Carbidopa司来吉米Selegiline硝替卡朋Nitecapone第十七章抗精神失常药抗精神病药antipsychotic drugs抗躁狂药antimanic drugs抗抑郁药antidepressive drugs抗焦虑药antianxiety drugs吩噻嗪类phenothiazines硫杂蒽类thioxanthenes丁酰苯类butyrophenones氯丙嗪chlorpromazine氯氮平clozapine碳酸锂lithium carbonate丙米嗪imipramine第十八章镇痛药阿片opium吗啡 m orphine哌替啶pethidine美沙酮methadone喷他佐辛pentazocine芬太尼 fentanyl第十九章解热镇痛抗炎药解热镇痛抗炎药antipyretic，analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs非甾体抗炎药non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs花生四烯酸arachidonic acid阿司匹林aspirin非那西丁phenacetin 乙酰氨基酚paracetamol保泰松phenylbutazone吲哚美辛indomethacin布洛芬brufen别嘌醇 allopurinol丙磺舒 probenecid 秋水仙碱colchicines第二十章抗变态反应药组胺histamine抗组胺药antihistamines苯海拉明diphenhydramine异丙嗪promethazine阿司咪唑astemizole西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine酮色林 ketans erin昂丹司琼ondansetron第二十一章钙拮抗药钙拮抗药calcium antagonists电压依赖性钙通道voltage dependent Ca2+ channels受体调控性钙通道receptor-operated Ca2+ channels第二信使活化钙通道second messenger operated Ca2+ channels机械活化钙通道mechanically operated Ca2+ channels 硝苯地平nifedipine尼群地平nitrendipine地尔硫卓diltiazem维拉帕米 verapamil第二十二章肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统肾素 rennin血管紧张素原angiotensinogen血管紧张素转化酶angiotensin converting enzyme血管紧张素肽angiotensin peptides血管紧张素受体angiotensin receptor卡托普利 captopril依那普利 enalapril雷米普利ramipril第二十三章抗心律失常药心律失常arrhythmias奎尼丁Quinidine利多卡因Lidocaine普罗帕酮Propafenone胺碘酮Amiodarone维拉帕米Verapamil致心律失常作用proarrhythmia，arrhythmogenesis第二十四章抗慢性心功能不全药卡托普利 Captopril氯沙坦Losartar美托洛尔metoprolol卡维地洛carvedilol地高辛Digoxin米力农Milrinone维司力农vesnarinone第二十五章抗心绞痛药心绞痛angina pectoris硝酸甘油nitroglycerin硝酸异山梨酯isosobide dinitrater戊四硝酯pentaerythrityl tetranitrate普萘洛尔propranolol硝苯地平nifedipine维拉帕米verapamil地尔硫卓diltiazem 卡维地洛carvedilol第二十六章调血脂药与抗动脉粥样硬化药胆固醇cholesterol三酰甘油triglyceride磷脂phospholipid游离脂肪酸free fatty acid胆固醇酯cholesteryl ester游离胆固醇free cholesterol总胆固醇total cholesterol载脂蛋白apoprotein脂蛋白lipoprotein消胆胺cholestyramine, cholesteramine resin 烟酸nicotinic acid普罗布考/丙丁酚probucol 多烯脂肪酸类polyenoic fatty acids多不饱和脂肪酸类polyunsaturated fatty acids二十碳五烯酸eicosapentaenoic acid二十二碳六烯酸docosahexaenoic acidα-亚麻酸α-linolenic acid亚油酸linolenic acidγ-亚麻酸γ-linolenic acid月见草油evening primrose oil亚油酸linolenic acid硫酸乙酰肝素heparan sulfate硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate硫酸软骨素chondroitin sulfate第二十七章抗高血压药个体化治疗方案individualized therapy氢氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氨氯地平amlodipine卡托普利captopril氯沙坦losartan 可乐定clonidine 甲基多巴methyldopa莫索尼定moxonidine哌唑嗪prazosin 肼屈嗪hydralazine 米诺地尔minoxidil二氮嗪 diazoxide 硝普钠 sodium nitroprusside第二十八章利尿药及脱水药利尿药diuresis drugs呋噻米furosemide 阿米洛利amiloride 螺内酯spironolactone乙酰唑胺acetazolamide氢氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氨苯蝶啶triamterene第二十九章作用于血液和造血器官的药物肝素heparin鱼精蛋白protamin 低分子量肝素low molacular weight heparin伊诺肝素enoxaparin 水蛭素lepirudin 双香豆素dicoumarin华法林warfarin枸橼酸钠sodium Citrate阿司匹林aspirin利多格雷ridogrel依前列醇epoprostanol双嘧达莫dipyridamole噻氯匹定antigreg链激酶streptokinase,SK阿替普酶alteplase沙芦普酶saruplase 阿尼普酶anistreplase右旋糖酐dexran第三十章作用于呼吸系统的药物平喘药antiasthmatic drugs镇咳药antitussives 祛痰药expectorants倍氯米松beclomethasone dipropionate布地奈德budesonide 曲安奈德triamcinolone acetonide丙酸氟替卡松fluticasone propionate氟尼缩松flunisolide色甘酸钠disodium cromoglycate曲尼司特tranilast 酮替芬ketotifen奈多罗米钠nedocromil sodium沙丁胺醇salbutamol 特布他林terbutaline 克仑特罗clenbuterol 氯丙那林clorprenaline福莫特罗formoterol 沙美特罗salmeterol 氨茶碱aminophylline二羟丙茶碱diprophylline胆茶碱cholinophylline多索茶碱doxofylline 茶碱theophylline异丙托溴铵ipratropium可待因codeine右美沙芬dextromethorphan喷托维林pentoxyverine苯佐那酯benzonatate 苯丙哌林benproperine氯化铵ammonium chloride乙酰半胱氨酸acetylcysteine 溴己新bromhexine第三十一章作用于消化系统的药物西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine法莫替丁famotidine丙谷胺proglumide哌仑西平pirenzepine奥美拉唑omeprazole硫糖铝sucralfate三钾二枸橼酸铋tripotassium dicitrate bismuthate昂丹司琼ondansetron苯海拉明diphenhydramine东莨菪碱scopolamine氯丙嗪chloropromazine甲氧氯普胺metoclopramide多潘立酮domperidone西沙必利cisapride硫酸镁magnesium sulfate硫酸钠sodium sulfate乳果糖lactulose酚酞phenolphthalein比沙可啶bisacodyl液体石腊liquid paraffin甘油glycerin 地芬诺酯diphenoxylate洛哌丁胺loperamide联苯双酯bifendate 马洛替酯malotilate 苯丙醇phenylpropanol熊去氧胆酸ursodeoxycholic acid牛胆酸钠sodiumtauroglycocholate去氢胆酸dehydrocholic acid曲匹布通trepibutone第三十二章子宫平滑肌兴奋药和抑制药缩宫素oxytocin 麦角新碱ergometrine麦角胺ergotamine前列腺素prostaglandin第三十三章性激素类药及避孕药雌激素estrogen孕激素progestogen雄激素androgen第三十四章肾上腺皮质激素类药物肾上腺皮质激素adrenocortical hormones糖皮质激素glucocorticoids氢化可的松hydrocortisone可的松cortisone盐皮质激素mineralocorticoids醛固酮aldosterone去氧皮质酮desoxycorticosterone泼尼松prednisone泼尼松龙prednisolone甲泼尼龙methylprednisolone地塞米松dexamethasone倍他米松betamethasone曲安西龙triamcinolone氟氢可的松fludrocortisone氟轻松fluocinolone acetonide糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid receptor正性糖皮质激素反应成分glucocorticoid response element负性糖皮质激素反应成分negative glucocorticoid response element皮质激素转运球蛋白corticosteroid binding globulin第三十五章甲状腺素和抗甲状腺药甲状腺功能亢进症hyperthyroidism甲状腺素thyroxine三碘甲状腺原氨酸triiodothyronine抗甲状腺药antithyroid drugs 硫脲类thiourease硫氧嘧啶类thiouracils丙硫氧嘧啶propylthiouracil甲硫氧嘧啶methylthiouracil咪唑类imidazoles甲硫咪唑thiamazole他巴唑tapazole 碘iodine 碘化物iodide放射性碘radioiodine第三十六章胰岛素及口服降糖药胰岛素insulin 甲苯磺丁脲tolbutamide氯磺丙脲chlorpropamide格列吡嗪glipizide 格列齐特gliclazide格列波脲glibornuride格列喹酮gliquidone格列美脲glimepiride苯乙福明phenformin丁福明buformin甲福明metformin阿卡波糖acarbose 伏格列波糖voglibose米格列醇miglitol 罗格列酮rosiglitazone环格列酮ciglitazone吡格列酮pioglitazone恩格列酮englitazone第三十七章抗菌药物概论抑菌药inhibitory drugs杀菌药bactericidal drugs抗菌谱antimicrobial spectrum最低抑菌浓度minimalinhibitory concentration最低杀菌浓度minimal bactericidal concentration化学疗法chemotherapy耐药性tolerance抗生素 antibiotics第三十八章β-内酰胺类抗生素青霉素penicillin青霉素结合蛋白penicillin binding proteins头孢噻吩cephalothin头孢孟多cefamandole头孢曲松ceftriaxone第三十九章大环内酯类、林可霉素类及万古霉素类抗生素大环内酯类抗生素macrolides红霉素erythromycin林可霉素lincomycin万古霉素vancomycin螺旋霉素spiramycin第四十章氨基苷类及多黏菌素类氨基苷类aminoglycosides链霉素streptomycin庆大霉素gentamicin卡那霉素kanamycin抗生素后效应postantibiotic effect妥布霉素tobramycin 阿米卡星amikacin奈替米星netilmicin多黏菌素类polymyxins第四十一章四环素类及氯霉素类四环素tetracycline土霉素terramycin氯霉素chloramphenicol广谱抗生素broad-spectrum antibiotics多西环素doxycycline第四十二章人工合成抗菌药喹诺酮类quinolones诺氟沙星norfloxacin吡哌酸pipemidic acid氧氟沙星ofloxacin左氧氟沙星levofloxacin环丙沙星ciprofloxacin司帕沙星sparfloxacin曲伐沙星trovafloxacin磺胺嘧啶sulfadiazine磺胺甲噁唑sulfamethoxazole磺胺异噁唑sulfafurazole呋喃妥因nitrofurantoin呋喃唑酮furazolidone甲硝唑metronidazole第四十三章抗真菌及抗病毒药制霉菌素nystatin两性霉素 B amphotericin B克霉唑clotrimazole阿昔洛韦acyclovir利巴韦林ribavirin金刚烷胺amantadine第四十四章抗结核病及抗麻风病药异烟肼 isoni azid利福平rifampicin乙胺丁醇 ethamb utol吡嗪酰胺pyrazinamide对氨水杨酸钠sodium paraaminosalicylate卷曲霉素 capreo mycin第四十五章抗疟药氯喹chloroquine奎宁quinine本芴醇benflumetol伯氨喹primaquine乙胺嘧啶pyrimethamine第四十六章抗阿米巴病药及抗滴虫病药甲硝唑 metroni dazole二氯尼特diloxanide喹啉quinoline第四十七章抗血吸虫病药和抗丝虫病药吡喹酮 pyquit on乙胺嗪diethylcarbamazine伊维菌素ivermectin第四十八章抗肠蠕虫药甲苯咪唑mebendazole阿苯达唑 albendazole第四十九章抗恶性肿瘤药甲氨蝶呤methotrexate5-氟尿嘧啶 5-fluoro uracil阿糖胞苷cytarabine羟基脲 hyd roxycarbamide氮芥chlormethine环磷酰胺endo xan丝裂霉素mito mycin博莱霉素bleo mycin喜树碱camptothecin长春碱vi nblastin长春新碱vinc ristin第五十章免疫调节药免疫调节药 immunom odulators免疫抑制药immunosuppressive agents免疫激活药immunostimu-lanyts免疫增强药immunopotentiating drugs环孢素ciclos porin抗淋巴细胞球蛋白antilymphocyte globulin左旋咪唑levamisole干扰素 interf eron胸腺素 thy mosin。
药理学常考的名词解释
药理学常考的名词解释药理学是研究药物在生物体内产生作用机理和药物与生物体相互作用的学科。
在考试中，掌握药理学的常用名词及其解释是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些常考的药理学名词，帮助读者更好地理解药物的作用原理。
一、药物概念与分类1. 药物：指能够治疗疾病或改善健康状态的物质。
药物可以来自植物、动物或合成，以不同的形式，如固体、液体或气体形式存在。
2. 药效：药物的治疗效果或产生的生物学反应。
药效可以通过改变细胞代谢、影响信号传导或与靶点结合等方式发挥作用。
3. 毒性：药物在生物体内产生的有害作用。
毒性可以是短期或长期的，严重的毒性可能导致器官损伤或生命威胁。
4. 药理学分类：药物根据其作用机制、化学结构或治疗用途可进行分类。
其中常见的分类包括抗生素、抗癌药物、镇痛药物、抗抑郁药物等。
二、药物代谢与排泄1. 代谢：药物在生物体内经过化学变化产生活性或无活性代谢产物的过程。
药物代谢可发生于肝脏及其他组织，如肾脏、肺、肠道。
代谢可以影响药物的药效、毒性及耐受性。
2. 肝脏代谢：许多药物在肝脏中通过酶系统进行代谢。
酶系统（例如细胞色素P450系统）通过氧化、还原、水解等反应改变药物的结构，使其分解或激活。
3. 肾脏排泄：药物通过尿液排出体外的过程。
肾脏是主要的药物排泄器官，部分药物可经过肾小球过滤和近曲小管分泌，最终排出体外。
4. 药物代谢与排泄影响：药物代谢与排泄的差异可能导致个体对药物的反应有所不同。
例如，药物代谢水平低的个体可能需要更低的剂量，而药物排泄率高的个体可能需要更高的剂量。
三、药物相互作用1. 药物相互作用：两种或更多不同药物同时或顺序应用时产生的影响。
药物相互作用可能是增强作用、拮抗作用、药代动力学相互作用等。
2. 增强作用：两种药物在一起使用，其中一种药物增加了另一种药物的药效。
可能是通过相同的作用机制加强效果，或通过不同的作用机制产生协同作用。
3. 拮抗作用：两种药物在一起使用，其中一种药物减弱了另一种药物的药效。
药理重要必考名词
副反应，系指应用治疗量的药物后所出现的治疗目的以外的药理作用。
毒性作用；指在药物剂量过大或蓄积过多的时机发生的危害性反应，较严重，但是可以预知，也是可以避免的一种不良反应。
后遗作用；指停药后血药浓度已降至阈浓度以下时残存的药理效应。
肾上腺素作用的翻转：受体阻断药能选择性的与α－肾上腺素受体作用，将肾上腺素的升压作用转为降压。
道关效应（首过效应）：指某些口服用药后经肠粘膜及肝脏被代谢灭活，进入体循环的药量明显减少的现象。
生物利用度：指药物被机体吸收进入体循环的相对分量和速度血浆蛋白结合率：指治疗剂量下药物与血浆蛋白结合的百分率。
肝肠循环：某些药物或代谢物经胆汁排泄进入肠道崩解后，再吸收入血，这种胆汁排泄又重吸收的现象称肝肠循环。
血浆半衰期:：指血浆中药物浓度下降一半所需时间。
二重感染:在应用广谱抗菌药物过程中，因长期大量用药，使体内敏感细菌被抑制，而不敏感细菌得以繁殖，引起新的感染称之为二重感染或菌群交替症。
治疗指数：药物的半数致死量（LD50）和半数有效量（ED50）的比值，代表药物的安全性，此数值越大越安全药理学:研究药物与机体相互作用规律及作用机制的科学。
药效学: 研究药物对机体的作用规律和机制。
药代动力学:是阐明机体对药物的作用，即药物在机体内吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程的药效和血药浓度消长的规律不良反应:用药后出现与治疗目的无关的作用治疗量（有效量）: 能对机体产生明显药效而又不引起毒性反应的剂量极量: 是由国家药典规定允许使用的最大剂量，也是医生用药选择剂量的最大限度安全范围: 最小有效量和极量之间的范围。
受体激动剂:药物与受体有较强的亲和力，并有较强的内在活性，能激动受体，产生明显效应。
天然抗生素:指从某些微生物新陈代谢产物中提取的，具有抑制或杀灭其他微生物作用的化学物质。
半合成抗生素:是保留天然抗生素的主要结构（母核），人工改造侧链所得的新产品。
稳态血药浓度: 恒速恒量或按半衰期连续多次给药后经5个t1/2,药物吸收与消除速度达平衡，血药浓度相对稳定在一定水平，称稳态血浓度（坪值）。
药理学词汇表
七年制药理学专业词汇表3D-QSAR三维定量构效关系5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT5-羟色胺absorbants吸附剂absorption吸收abstinent syndrome戒断症状accelerated angina pectoris恶化型心绞痛acetyl coenzyme A乙酰辅酶Aacetylcholine receptor乙酰胆碱受体adrenoceptor antagonists肾上腺素受体拮抗药adrenoceptor blocking drugs肾上腺素受体阻断药adrenoceptors肾上腺素受体adrenocortical hormones肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH促肾上腺皮质激素adverse drug reaction, ADR药物不良反应after effect后遗效应afterdepolarization后除极agonist激动剂agysical矽碳银akathisia静坐不能aldehyde dehydrogenase， ADH醛脱氢酶aldehyde reductase醛还原酶aldosterone醛固酮alkylating agents烷化剂allergic reaction变态反应allylamines丙烯胺类aluminum hydroxide氢氧化铝Alzheimer's disease阿耳茨海默病aminoglycosides氨基糖苷类anticholinesterases抗胆碱酯酶药anticoagulaants抗凝血药antidepressants抗抑郁药antiepileptic drugs抗癫痫药antifungal drugs抗真菌药antigene反基因antihypertensive drugs抗高血压药antikaliuretics agents保钾利尿药antileprosy drugs抗麻风病药antilymphocyte globulin, ALG抗淋巴细胞球蛋白antimalarial drugs抗疟药antimanic drugs抗躁狂药antimicrobial drugs抗微生物药antimuscarnics抗毒蕈碱型胆碱受体药antineoplastic drugs抗恶性肿瘤药antinicotinics抗炎碱型胆碱受体阻断药antioncogene抗癌基因antipsychotic drugs抗精神病药antipyretics, analgesia, and antiinflammatorydrugs解热镇痛抗炎药antisense drug反义药物atropine阿托品aubarachnoidal anaesthesia局网膜下腔麻醉AUC曲线下面积autacoids自体活性物质automaticity自律性autonomic nervous system自主神经系统autoradiography放射自显影azoles唑类bacillus calmette-guerin vaccine, BCG卡介苗bacitracin肝菌肽bactericidal drugs杀菌药bacteriostatic drugs抑菌药basolateral membrance上皮细胞基侧膜benzodiazepines, BZ, BDZ苯二氮唑类bile acid binding resins胆汁酸螯合剂binding结合型binding site结合位点，受点bioassay生物检定bioavailability, F生物利用度bioequivalence生物等效性cascade superfusion级联式表面灌流法catecholamines儿茶酚胺类catechol-o-methyltransferease, COMT儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶cationic liposome阳离子脂质体caudal periaquedual grey, CPAG导水管尾部灰质cell cycle nonspecific agents, CCNSA细胞周期非特异性药物cell cycle specific agents, CCSA细胞周期特异性药物cell nuclear hormone receptor细胞核激素受体celluloses纤维素cell-wall autolytic enzyme细胞壁自溶酶central antitussives中枢性镇咳药charybdotoxin, CTX北非蝎毒素check point控制点chemotherapy化学治疗,化疗cholesterol胆固醇cholesterol ester transfer protein, CETP CE转运蛋白cholesterolester, CE胆固醇酯choline acetylase胆碱乙酰化酶choline esters胆碱酯类cholinergic agonists胆碱能激动药contact laxatives接触性泻药contraceptives避孕药controlled release formulation, CRF控释剂coronary arterial remodeling冠脉重构coronary artery bypass graft surger, CABG冠脉搭桥术corticosteroid-binding globulin, CGB皮质激素结合蛋白corticotrophin促皮质素corticotrophin releasing hormone, CRH促皮质素释放激素cortisone可的松cotransmission共同传递counteraction抵消作用cretinism呆小病crystalline zinc insulin, CZI结晶锌胰岛素cyanocobalamin氰钴胺cyclooxygenase, CO环氧酶cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2环氧酶-2cyclosporin环孢霉素cystic fibrosis, CF囊性纤维化cytochrome P450细胞色素P450 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system细胞色素P450单加氧酶系dopamine多巴胺dose effect curve量效曲线dose effect relationship量效关系drug药物drug abuse药物滥用drug efflux pump药物外排泵drug in combination联合用药drugs affecting gastrointestinal function治疗消化系统疾病的药物drugs of enhancers of acetylcholine release促ACh释放药dynorphins强啡肽EAR早期哮喘反应early afterdepolarization早后除极early distal tubule始段远曲小管ECE inhibitor, ECEI内皮素转化酶抑制剂ED50半数有效量effect效应effective refractory period, ERP有效不应期efficacy效能eicosanoids廿碳烯酸类eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA二十碳五烯酸evoked potential诱发电位excitation兴奋excretion排泄exocytosis胞裂外排expectorants祛痰药expression vector表达载体extended release formulation延迟释放剂facilitated diffusion易化扩散familial hypercholesterolemia家族性高胆固醇血症ferrous sulfate硫酸亚铁filtration滤过filtration through pores膜孔滤过first exposure effect, FEE初次接触效应first-order kinetics一级动力学first-pass elimination首过消除fluoroquinolones氟喹诺酮类folic acid叶酸follicle stimulating hormone, FSH促卵泡激素free游离型free cholesterol, FC游离胆固醇Gi抑制型G蛋白ginkgolid银杏甙globulin antihemophilia抗血友病球蛋白glomerular filtration肾小球滤过glucocorticoid receptor, GR糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid response element, GRE糖皮质激素反应成分glucocorticoids, GCs糖皮质激素gluconeogenesis糖原异生glucose transporter葡萄糖转运蛋白glycerol甘油glycoside-hydrolase糖苷水解酶gonadotropin releasing hormone, GnRH促性腺激素释放激素gossypol棉酚G-Protein coupled receptor G-蛋白偶联受体granulocyte colonary-stimulating factor, G-CSF粒细胞集落刺激因子granulocyte colony stimulating factor粒细胞集落刺激因子granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子growth fraction, GF生长比率growth hormone生长激素Gs兴奋型G蛋白homologous recombination同源重组homozygous纯合子human immunodeficiency virus, HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒human recombinant interferon α-2α, rHIFNα-2α重组人干扰素α-2αhuman recombinant interferon γ重组干扰素γhydrocortisone氢化可的松hydrolysis水解hydroperoxy eicosatetraenoic acids, HPETE氧化廿烯碳酸hydroxybalamin羟钴胺hyperlipidemia高脂血症hyperlipoproteinemia高脂蛋白血症hypersensitivity高敏性hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进hyposensitivity低敏性idiosyncrasy特异质反应imidazoles咪唑类imidazoles咪唑类immunomodulator免疫调节药immunosuppressive drugs免疫抑制药in vitro离体intercellular adhesion molecule, ICAM-1粘附因子－1 interferon, IFN干扰素interleukins白细胞介素intermediate density lioprotein, IDL中间密度脂蛋白internalization内化interstitial cell stimulating hormone, ICSH间质细胞刺激激素intranmuscular, im肌内注射intravenous anesthetics静脉麻醉药intrinsic activity内在活性intrinsic resistance故有耐药inverse agonist反转激动药iodide碘化物iodine碘ion channels离子通道ion traping离子障ion-conducting pathway离子通路ion-pair transport离子对转运ischemic precondition, IP心肌缺血预适应Jarish-Herxheimer reaction赫氏反应juxtaglomerular cells肾小球球旁细胞long QT syndrome, LQTS Q-T间期延长综合症loop diuretics袢利尿药low density lipoprotein, LDL低密度脂蛋白low efficacy diuretics低效能利尿药low molecular weight heparin, LMWH低分子量肝素L-type Ca channel L-型钙通道Lugol's solution卢戈液,复方碘溶液luteinizing hormone, LH黄体生成素macrolides大环内酯类magnesium hydroxide氢氧化镁magnesium oxide氧化镁magnesium sulfate硫酸镁magnesium trisilicate三硅酸镁major determinant主要决定簇mamalian artificial chromosome, MAC哺乳动物细胞人工染色体manic-depressive psychosis躁狂抑郁症mannitol甘露醇materia medica药物学maximal effect, Emax最大效应maximal voluntary voiding pressure最大自主排空压力multagenesis致突变multidrug resistance associated protein多药抗性相关蛋白multidrug resistance, MDR多药耐药性multiple-variation多样性muscarine毒蕈碱muscarine receptor毒蕈碱型胆碱受体muscarine recptor agonist毒蕈碱型胆碱受体激动药muscarinic K channel, Ik(Ach)乙酰胆碱敏感钾通道muscule relaxants肌松药mutation突变myasthenia gravis重症肌无力mycobactin分枝杆菌素mycocolic acid分枝菌酸myeloid growth factor脊髓生长因子myocardial contractility心肌收缩力myocardial depressant factor, MDF心肌抑制因子myocardial stunning心肌顿抑myxedema粘液性水肿NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase环原型辅酶I－细胞色素b5还原酶NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase环原型辅酶II－细胞色素P450还原酶nicotinic acid烟酸nicotinic muscle receptor神经肌接头N受体nicotinic neuronal receptor神经节N受体nicotinic receptor agonist烟碱型胆碱受体激动药nitric oxide, NO一氧化氮noncompetitive antagonist非竞争性拮抗药nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers非除极化型神经肌肉阻滞药nongated background, leak channels非门的背景,漏通道non-insulin-dependent disbetes mellitus, NIDDM非胰岛素性糖尿病non-linear kinetics非线性动力学non-neuronal uptake非神经摄取non-rapid-eye movement sleep, NREMS非快动眼睡眠non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs非甾体类抗炎药noradrenaline, NA去甲肾上腺素noradrenergic nerve去甲肾上腺素能神经occupation theory占领学说on-off phenomenon"开-关"现象open-angel glaucoma开角型青光眼opioid analgesics阿片类镇痛药opioid peptides阿片肽patch clamp膜片钳PBPs青霉素结合蛋白penicillium fungi青霉菌penicilloyl enzyme青霉噻唑酰酶pepsin胃蛋白酶peptic ulcer消化性溃疡peptidedoglycan肽聚糖per os, po口服给药per rectum直肠给药percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, 经皮冠状动脉成形术PTCApermeation通透性permissive action允许作用peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor γ,PPARγ过氧化物酶－增殖体受体γperoxisomal proliferator activated receptors,PPARs过氧化物酶增殖激活受体P-glucoprotein, P-gp P-糖蛋白pharmacodynamic tolerance药效耐受性pharmacodynamics药物效应动力学，药效学pharmacokinetics药物代谢动力学，药代学polyenoic fatty acid多烯脂肪酸酯polylysine, PL多聚赖氨酸polymycins多粘菌素类porin孔通道positive klinotropic effect正性缩率作用post antibiotic effect, PAE抗菌后效应post tetanic potentiation, PTP强直后增强postinfarction angina pectoris梗死后心绞痛potassium channel blocker, PCBs钾通道阻滞药potassium channel modulators钾通道调控药potassium channel openers, PCOs钾通道开放药potency效价强度potentiation增强作用prinzmental's variant angina pectoris变异型心绞痛proarrhythmias致心律失常prodrug前药pro-drug前药progesterone孕酮prolactin催乳素promoter启动子rebound phenomenon反跳现象receptor受体recombinant human epidermal growth factor重组人表皮生长因子recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator,rt-PA重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂recruitment招募作用recverse T3, rT3反向T3redistribution再分布reduction还原reentrant excitation折返激动regular insulin, RI正规胰岛素renal tubular dipipeptidase肾小管二肽酶resistance耐药性resistance transfer factor耐药转移因子resting tremor静止性震颤retinoic acide维甲酸retrovirus, RV逆转录病毒reverse transcriptase逆转录酶reversibility可逆性ribozyme核酶STATslowly activating component, Iks缓慢成分sodium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium sulfate硫酸钠somatic cell体细胞somatic motor nervous system运动神经系统somatostatinergic nerve system生长抑素能神经系统sorbitol山梨醇spare receptor储备受体specificity特异性spinal anaesthesia腰麻squalene epoxidase角鲨烯环氧化酶stable angina pectoris稳定型心绞痛staphylokinase葡萄球菌激酶statistical moment统计矩steady state concentration, Cssmax稳态浓度steroid类固醇streptogramins链阳霉素类strepyomyces nodosus链丝菌structure activity relationship构效关系subcutaneous, sc皮下注射tachyphylaxis急性耐受性,快速耐受性tannalbin鞣酸蛋白tanscript factor转录因子tardive dyskinesia迟发性运动障碍teratogenesis致畸胎testosterone睾丸酮tetracylines四环素类tetrameric array四聚体结构theophylline茶碱therapeutic effect治疗作用therapeutic index,TI治疗指数thiazides噻嗪类thiazolidinediones, TDs噻唑烷酮类化合物thiouracils硫氧嘧啶类thioxanthenes硫杂蒽类throid stimulating hormone, TSH促甲状腺激素thrombin凝血酶thromboxane A2, TXA2血栓素A2 thromboxans, TXs血栓素类thymosin胸腺素transmembrane-spanning segments跨膜片段transmitter递质transportation转运transporter转运体tretinoin维A酸triazoles三唑类triggered activity触发活动triglyceride, TG甘油三酯triiodothyronine, T3三碘甲状腺原氨酸tripartite efflux system三联外排系统triplex-forming oligonucleotides, TFO三链结构寡核苷酸troponin C, Tn C肌钙蛋白C tryptophan色氨酸T-type Ca channels T-型钙通道tumor necrosis factor肿瘤坏死因子tumor suppressor gene抑癌基因tumor susceptibility gene肿瘤易感基因two model theory二态模型学说tyrosine kinase receptor酪氨酸激酶受体tyrosine protein kinaes, TPK酪氨酸蛋白激酶willow bark柳树皮withdrawal signs停药戒断症状withdrawal syndrome撤药症状xenobiotics外源性物质yeast artificial chromosome, YAC酵母人工染色体zero-order kinetics零级动力学Zolinger-Ellison syndrome, ZES卓－艾综合征α-linolenic acid, α-LNA α-亚麻酸β-phenylethylamine β－苯乙醇胺。
药理学专业英语词汇
药理学专业英语词汇Aabsorption 吸收acarbose 阿卡波糖acetaminophen 对乙酰氨基酚acetazolamide 乙酰唑胺acetylcholine (ACh)乙酰胆碱acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin 乙酰水杨酸, 阿司匹林acetylspiramycin 乙酰螺旋霉素actinomycin 放线菌素Daddiction 成瘾性adenosine腺苷adrenaline (AD) 肾上腺素adrenoceptor agonists 肾上腺素受体激动药adrenoceptor bloking drugs 肾上腺素受体阻断药adverse reaction 不良反应affinity 亲和力agonist 激动药albendazole阿苯达唑allergic reaction 变态反应alphaprodine 阿法罗定amantadine 金刚烷胺amikacin 阿米卡星amiloride 阿米洛利aminoglycosides 氨基甙类amiodarone 胺碘酮amlodipine 氨氯地平amoxycillin 阿莫西林amphotericin B 两性霉素Bampicillin氨苄西林analgesics镇痛药anesthetic ether麻醉乙醚angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)anisodamine山莨菪碱anistreplase 阿尼普酶antagonism 拮抗作用antagonist 拮抗药antianxiety drugs抗焦虑药antimanic and antidepressive drugs 抗躁狂抑郁症药antipsychotic drugs 抗精神病药antipyretic-analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs 解热镇痛抗炎药apparent volume of distribution（Vd）表观分布容积area under the curve （AUC）曲线下面积artemisinin 青蒿素astemizole阿司咪唑atenolol 阿替洛尔atracurium 阿曲库铵atropine 阿托品azithromycin阿齐霉素azlocillin 阿洛西林aztreonam 氨曲南Bbarbiturates 巴比妥类beclomethasone 倍氯米松benzodiazepines 苯二氮卓类bepridil 苄普地尔bioavailability 生物利用度biotransformation 生物转化bisoprolol 比索洛尔bleomycin 博来霉素bromocriptine 溴隐亭bucinnazine 布桂嗪（强痛定）budesonide 布地萘德bumetanide 布美他尼bupivacaine 布比卡因buspirone丁螺环酮busulfan 白消安Ccaffeine 咖啡因calcium channel blocker钙拮抗药camptothecine 喜树碱captopril卡托普利carbamazepine卡马西平, 酰胺咪嗪carbenicillin 羧苄西林carbidopa 卡比多巴carbolatin 卡铂（碳铂）carvedilol 卡维洛尔cefaclor头孢克洛cefoperazone头孢哌酮ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefuroxme 头孢夫辛central stimulants 中枢兴奋药cephalexin 头孢氨苄cephalothin 头孢噻吩Chemotherapy 化学治疗学chloral hydrate 水合氯醛chloramphenicol,chloromycetin 氯霉素chlordiazepoxide氯氮卓chloroquine氯喹chlorpromazine氯丙嗪chlorpropamide 氯磺丙脲chlorprothixene 氯普噻吨chlortalidone 氯噻酮cholestyramine 考来烯胺cholinoceptor agonists 胆碱受体激动药cholinoceptor bloking drugs 胆碱受体阻断药cimetidine 西米替丁cinnarizine桂利嗪ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星cisapride 西沙必利cisplatin 顺铂clindamycin 克林霉素clobazam 氯巴占clofibrate 氯贝特clonazepam 氯硝西泮clonidine 可乐定clozapine 氯氮平codeine可待因competitive antagonist 竞争性拮抗药concentration for 50% of maximum effect （EC50）cyclophosphamide环磷酰胺Ddaunorubicin柔红霉素dependence 依赖性deslanoside 去乙酰毛花苷（西地兰）dexamethasone 地塞米松dextran 右旋糖酐diazepam 地西泮diazoxide 二氮嗪dicoumarol 双香豆素diethylcarbamazine乙胺嗪digitoxin 洋地黄毒苷digoxin 地高辛dihydroetorphine 二氢埃托啡diltiazem地尔硫卓diphenhydramine 苯海拉明diphenoxylate 地芬诺酯dipyridamole 双嘧达莫distribution 分布diuretics利尿药domperidone 多潘立酮（吗丁林motilium）dopamine (DA) 多巴胺dose-effect relationship 剂量-效应关系doxorubicin 多柔比星doxycycline 多西环素drug action 药物作用drug resistance 耐药性d-tubocurarine 筒箭毒碱Eebrotidine 乙溴替丁elimination half-life time（t1/2）消除半衰期elimination rate constant (ke) 消除速率常数elimination 消除enalpril依那普利enflurane 恩氟烷ephedrine 麻黄碱erythromycin 红霉素erythropoietin (EPO) 红细胞生成素esmolol 艾司洛尔ethambutol 乙胺丁醇ethosuximide 乙琥胺etiological treatment 对因治疗etoposide依托泊苷excretion 排泄Ffamotidine 法莫替丁felodipine非洛地平fentanyl 芬太尼first-order kinetics 一级动力学fleroxacin 氟罗沙星fluconazole 氟康唑flumazenil 氟马西尼flunarizine 氟桂利嗪flunisolide 氟尼缩松fluorouracil （5－）氟尿嘧啶fluoxetine 氟西汀flurazepam 氟西泮fluvastatin 氟伐他汀formoterol 福莫特罗furosemide 呋塞米Ggabapentin 加巴喷丁general anaesthetics 全身麻醉药gentamicin庆大霉素gliclazide 格列齐特，达美康glimepride 格列美脲glipizide 格列吡嗪gliquidone 格列喹酮glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素glyburide，glibenclamide 格列本脲granulocyte colony-stimulating factor（G-CSF）粒细胞集落刺激因子granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor（GM-CSF）粒细胞/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子griseofulvin 灰黄霉素Hhaloperidol 氟哌啶醇halothane氟烷harringtonine 三尖杉酯碱heparin肝素hepato-enteral circulation 肝肠循环hirudin 水蛭素hydralazine 肼屈嗪hydrochlorothiazide 氢氯噻嗪hydrocortisone 氢化可的松hydroxycamptothecine 羟喜树碱hydroxycarbamide 羟基脲hypnotics 催眠药Iibuprofen 异丁苯丙酸，布洛芬imipenem亚胺培南imipramine 丙米嗪（米帕明）incompatibility 配伍禁忌indapamide 吲达帕胺indomethacin 吲哚美辛，消炎痛insulin胰岛素interaction 相互作用intrinsic activity 内在活性irbesartan 厄贝沙坦isoflurane异氟烷isoniazid, rimifon 异烟肼，雷米封isoprenaline 异丙肾上腺素isosorbide dinitrate 硝酸异山梨酯isradipine伊拉地平Kkemadrin 卡马特灵ketamine 氯胺酮ketanserin 酮色林ketoconazole 酮康唑Llabetolol 拉贝洛尔lamotrigine 拉莫三嗪L-asparaginase L-门冬酰胺酶levodopa 左旋多巴lidocaine 利多卡因lidocaine 利多卡因ligand 配体lithium carbonate 碳酸锂lobeline 山梗菜碱，洛贝林local anaesthetics 局部麻醉药loperamide 洛哌丁胺losartan 氯沙坦lovastatin 洛伐他汀low-molecular-weight heparins （LMWHs）低分子量肝素luminal 鲁米那（苯巴比妥）β-lactams β–内酰胺类Mmagnesium sulfate 硫酸镁mannitol 甘露醇maprotiline 马普替林margin of safety 安全范围maximun efficacy 最大效能mebendazole 甲苯达唑meclofenoxate 甲氯芬酯，氯酯醒medecamycin 麦迪霉素median effective dose (ED50) 半数有效量meloxicam 美洛昔康mercaptopurine （6-）巯基嘌呤metformin二甲双胍methadone 美沙酮methotrexate 甲氨蝶呤methylphenidate 哌醋甲酯metoprolol 美托洛尔metoprolol美托洛尔metronidazole甲硝唑mianserin 米安色林minocycline 诺环素minoxidil米诺地尔mitomycin C 丝裂霉素morphine 吗啡mosapride 莫沙必利moxonidine 莫索尼定Nnaloxone 纳洛酮naltrexone 纳曲酮nedocromil 奈多罗米neostigmine 新斯的明netilmicin 奈替米星nicardipine 尼卡地平niclosamide 氯硝柳胺nicotinic acid 烟酸nifedipine硝苯地平，心痛定nikethamide 尼可刹米nimesulide 尼美舒利nimodipine 尼莫地平nisodipine 尼索地平nitrazepam硝西泮nitrendipine 尼群地平nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油nitrous oxide 氧化亚氮nizatidine 尼扎替丁nomifensine 诺米芬新non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 非甾体抗炎药noradrenaline (NA) 去甲肾上腺素norfloxacin 诺氟沙星Oofloxacin 氧氟沙星omeprazole奥美拉唑(洛赛克losec) ondansetron 昂丹司琼（奥丹西隆）oxacillin 苯唑西林oxazepam 奥沙西泮Ppaclitaxel 紫杉醇pancuronium 泮库铵partial agonist 部分激动药pefloxacin培氟沙星penfluridol五氟利多penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) 青霉素结合蛋白penicillin G青霉素pentazocine 喷他佐辛（镇痛新）pentothal sodium 硫喷妥钠pergolide 培高利特perhexiline 哌克昔林pethidine 哌替啶pharmacodynamics药物效应动力学pharmacokinetics 药物代谢动力学pharmacological effect 药理效应pharmacology 药理学phenoxybenzamine酚苄明phentolamine 酚妥拉明phenylbutazone 保泰松phenytoin sodium 苯妥英钠pilocarpine 毛果芸香碱pinacidil 吡那地尔pindolol 吲哚洛尔piperacillin哌拉西林pipotiazine 哌泊噻嗪piracetam吡拉西坦，脑复康piroxicam 吡罗昔康plasma clearance （Cl）血浆清除率praziquantel 吡喹酮prazosin 哌唑嗪prednisolone 泼尼松龙prednisone 泼尼松prenylamine 普尼拉明primaquine 伯氨喹primidone 扑米酮, 扑痫酮probucol 普罗布考procainamide 普鲁卡因胺procaine 普鲁卡因procyclidine 丙环定prodrug 前药promethazine 异丙嗪propafenone 普罗帕酮propofol 丙泊酚propranolol 普萘洛尔propylthiouracil 丙硫氧嘧啶prostacyclin (PGI2) 前列环素pyraloxime methoiodide (PAM) 碘解磷定pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺pyrimethamine 乙胺嘧啶Qquinidine 奎尼丁quinolones 喹诺酮类Rranitidine雷米替丁rate of elimination（RE）消除速率receptor 受体repaglinide 瑞格列奈rifampicin,rifampin 利福平，甲哌力复霉素risperidone 利培酮ropivacaine 罗哌卡因rosiglitazone 罗格列酮rotundine罗通定roxithromycin罗红霉素Ssalmeterol 沙美特罗scopolamine 东莨菪碱sedatives 镇静药seligiline 司来吉兰side reaction 副反应simvastatin 辛伐他汀sodium cromoglycate色甘酸钠sodium nitroprusside 硝普钠sodium valproate丙戊酸钠sotalol 索他洛尔spironolactone 螺内酯streptokinase (SK) 链激酶streptomycin 链霉素strophanthin K 毒毛花苷K succinylcholine 琥珀胆碱sulbactam 舒巴坦sulfadiazine 磺胺嘧啶sulfamethoxazole 磺胺甲恶唑sulpiride 舒必利symptomatic treatment 对症治疗synergism 协同作用Ttazobactam 三唑巴坦teniposide替尼泊苷terazosin 特拉唑嗪terbutaline 特布他林tetracaine 丁卡因tetracycline 四环素theophylline 茶碱therapeutic effect 治疗作用therapeutic index （TI）治疗指数thiamazole 甲巯咪唑（他巴唑tapazole）ticlopidine 噻氯匹啶timolol 噻吗洛尔tissue-type plasminogen activator（t-PA）tobramycin 妥布霉素tolerance 耐受性topiramate 托吡酯toxic reaction 毒性反应tramadol曲马朵triamterene 氨苯蝶啶triazolam三唑仑trihexyphenidyl苯海索trimethoprim 甲氧苄啶Uurapidil 乌拉地尔urokinase (UK) 尿激酶Vvalsartan 缬沙坦vancomycin 万古霉素vecuronium 维库铵venlafaxine 文拉法辛verapamil, isoptin, 维拉帕米, 异搏定vesnarinone 维司力农vinblastine 长春碱vincristine 长春新碱vitamin K 维生素Kvoglibose伏格列波糖Wwarfarin华法林Zzero-order kinetics 零级动力学。
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药理学词汇
一、基本词素
药理学英语术语基本词素表
二、常见词汇
absorption吸收，吸收作用，acute reaction急性反应
action作用
addiction成瘾性
adrenoceptor blocking drug肾上腺素受体阻断药
adrenoceptor肾上腺受体adverse reaction副反应affinity亲和力
after effect后遗效应agent药剂
agonist激动剂，兴奋剂；allergy变态反应analgesia镇痛
analgesics镇痛药
antagonist拮抗药
antianxiety抗焦虑
antibiotics抗生素
anticancer drugs抗癌药anticarcinoma drug抗肿瘤药anticoagulant drugs抗凝血药antidepressant drugs抗抑郁药antidiabetic drug抗糖尿病药antidotes解毒药
antifungal agents抗真菌药antihypertensive drugs抗高血压药
anti-inflammatory agent抗炎药antimicrobial agents抗菌药antiparkinsonism drugs抗帕金森氏药antipeptic ulcer drugs抗消化性溃疡药antipsychotic drugs抗精神病药antiviral drugs抗病毒药
bioactivity生物活性
bioavailability生物利用度bioequivalent生物当量
blocker阻断药
blood-brain barrier血脑屏障
calcium antagonists钙拮抗药carcinogenicity致癌力cardiovascular pharmacology心血管药理学
cardiovascular system心血管系统carrier携带者，载体，载流子，带虫者central nervous system(CNS)中枢神经系统
central stimulants中枢兴奋剂
chronic reaction慢性反应，慢性毒性`clearance清除率
clinical pharmacology临床药理学coagulant drugs促凝血药
cocaine可卡因
competitive antagonist竞争性拮抗剂contraceptives避孕药contraindication禁忌症
cumulative intoxication蓄积中毒dehydrant脱水药
dependence依赖性
depression抑制，减压detoxification解毒，解毒作用diffusion扩散
digestants助消化药
disinfectant消毒剂
disposition处置
distribution分布
diuretic利尿药
dosage剂量
dose-effect 量效
drug abuse药物滥用
drug dependence药物依赖性
drug enzyme药酶
drug metabolism药物代谢
drug-induced disease药源性疾病effect效应
effective dose有效量
efficacy效能
elimination rate constant清除速率常数excitation激发，兴奋
excretion排泄
first pass effect首过效应
first pass elimination首过消除general anesthetics全身麻醉药graded response量反应
Habituation习惯性
half-life time半衰期
heroin海洛因
histamine组胺
histamines and antihistamines组胺和抗组胺药
hormones激素类药物hyperreaction 高敏性hypersensitive reaction 过敏反应hypnotics 催眠药
idiosyncratic reaction特异质反应immunopharmacology免疫药理学indication适应证
inhalation吸入
inhibition抑制
insulin胰岛素
interaction相互作用
intramuscular injection(im．)肌肉注射intravenous drip(ivd．)静脉滴注intravenous injection(iv.)静脉注射intrinsic activity内在活性
latent period潜伏期
laxative泻药
lethal dose致死量
levodopa左旋多巴
liability for abuse滥用倾向
ligand配体
loading dose负荷剂量
local anaesthetics局部麻醉药margin of safety安全范围
maximal dose极量
mechanism of action作用机制mechanism 机理
median effective dose半数有效量metabolism代谢，新陈代谢metabolite代谢物
minimal effective dose最小有效量minimal toxic dose最小中毒量
mode of action作用方式
molecular pharmacology分子药理学monoamine oxidase(MAO)单胺氧化酶morphine吗啡
neuromuscular blocking drug神经肌肉阻断药
neuropharmacology神经药理学occupation theory占领学说
oxidation氧化·
parenteral route非肠道途径parenteral (肠胃外)注射
partial agonist部分激动剂
partial antagonist部分拮抗剂
peak concentration峰值浓度
peak time峰时间
per anus肛门给药
per os口服，
per rectum直肠给药
persistent period持续期pharmacodynamics药效学，药(物)效(应)动力学
pharmacogenetics遗传药理学pharmacokinetics药(物)代(谢)动力学pharmacology药理学
pharmacop(O)eia药典
placebo安慰剂
placental barrier胎盘屏障
plasma expanders血浆扩充剂
PNS周围神经系统
potency效价，药效
primary原发
psychopharmacology精神药理学psychotroptic drug抗精神病药receptor受体
redistribution再分布
replacement therapy替代治疗residual period残留期
resistance耐药性，阻力
route of administration给药途径secondary reaction继发反应
sedation镇静
sedative-hypnotics镇静催眠药sedatives镇静药
selectivity选择性
side reaction副作用
side-effects副作用
site of metabolism代谢部位
skeletal muscular relaxant骨骼肌松弛药
stimulation刺激
structure activity relationship构效关系subcutaneous injection(sc．)皮下注射sublingual舌下的
supplement therapy补充治疗symptomatic treatment对症治疗systemic action全身作用therapeutic action治疗作用therapeutic dose治疗量
therapeutic index治疗指数therapeutics治疗学
threshold(开端，极限) dose 阈剂量tolerance耐受性
topical(局部的) administration局部给药
total body clearance总体清除率
toxic dose中毒量
toxic reaction毒性反应．transformation转化，药物转化untoward reaction 不良反应urokinase尿激酶
Vitamins维生素
withdrawal symptom戒断症状。