How_to_Write_papers_in_English

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How to write a scientific paper

What is a scientific paper?

A paper is an organized description of hypotheses, data and conclusions, intended to instruct the reader
What is your objective as a researcher?

Use the active voice whenever possible.

Complete all comparisons.

• Type all papers doublespaced (not singleor oneandahalfspaced), and leave two spaces after colons, and after periods at the end of sentences. Leave generous margins. Do not translate Chinese to English directly! Use professional help as much as possible, especially if you are not short of fund.
What was measured (data)? What were the results (reduced data)? What does it all mean? What hypotheses were proved or disproved? What did I learn? Why does it make a difference?

The word "this" must always be followed by a noun, so that its reference is explicit.

用英语描述新概念英语作文

用英语描述新概念英语作文New Concept English is a widely used English textbook series in China, which was written by British linguist and educator, L.G. Alexander. The series consists of four levels, each level focusing on different language skills and topics. New Concept English has been popular among Chinese students for decades due to its clear explanations, practical exercises, and interesting content.The first level of New Concept English is mainly designed for beginners. It covers basic grammar rules, vocabulary, and sentence structures. Students learn how to introduce themselves, talk about their daily routines, and describe people and objects. The lessons are presented in a simple and easy-to-understand way, which helps students build a solid foundation in English.The second level of New Concept English focuses on improving students' listening and speaking skills. Students learn how to have simple conversations, express opinions,and give directions. The lessons include dialogues, role-plays, and listening exercises to help students practice their speaking and listening skills. By the end of this level, students are able to communicate effectively in everyday situations.The third level of New Concept English is more challenging, as it covers more complex grammar rules and vocabulary. Students learn how to write essays, give presentations, and participate in debates. The lessons are designed to help students develop critical thinking skills, improve their writing abilities, and expand their vocabulary. By the end of this level, students are able to express themselves fluently and confidently in English.The fourth level of New Concept English is the most advanced level, focusing on academic English and advanced language skills. Students learn how to write research papers, analyze literature, and give formal presentations. The lessons are designed to help students prepare for college-level English courses and standardized tests. By the end of this level, students are able to write and speakEnglish at a near-native level.In conclusion, New Concept English is a comprehensive and effective English textbook series that has helped millions of Chinese students improve their English skills. Its clear explanations, practical exercises, and interesting content make it a popular choice for English learners of all ages. Whether you are a beginner or an advanced learner, New Concept English can help you achieve your language learning goals.。

科技英语写作(10)—Acknowledgement

How to Write and Publish 10） Scientific Papers in English （10）
——Acknowledgement
ZHAO Jianping Nanjing University of Technology
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致谢的写作
致谢的写作要点基金资助项目的英文表达 SCI高被引论文致谢案例分析
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论文致谢案例分析
Acknowledgments The authors thank David Hill and Marilee Burrell for preparing the mouse antisera to WAF1. This work was supported by the Preuss Foundation, the Clayton Fund, and National Institutes of Health grants CA09071 and CA-43460. 作者们感谢了 David Hill 和 Marilee Burrell 在实验材料准备方面的帮助，并给出了三种来源4项基金资助信息 Title: WAF1, A POTENTIAL MEDIATOR OF P53 TUMOR SUPPRESSION （WAF1:p53肿瘤抑制作用的一个可能介导因子） Source: CELL 75 (4): 817-825 NOV 19 1993 SCI被引5174次
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论文致谢案例分析
作为“致谢”的一部分形式注明基金资助项目的案例：被引4327次 Acknowledgments My work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants CA31798, CA31799, A131921, DK45104, and HL48675. Many references had to be deleted to shorten this review, and I apologize to authors and readers for work that could not be cited. I thank Andrew and Tom Issekutz, Alf Hamann, Eugene Butcher, Mike Brenner, lan Colditz, Adrienne Brian, Ronen Alon,Doug Ringlet, Michelle Cart, and Stephen Roth for sharing preprints or unpublished data and David Chang, Chades Mackay,Walter Newman,and Fred Rosen for critical reviews. 见： Cell,1994,76(2):301-314 Title: TRAFFIC SIGNALS FOR LYMPHOCYTE RECIRCULATION AND LEUKOCYTE EMIGRATION - THE MULTISTEP PARADIGM （淋巴细胞再循环和白细胞迁移中的路径信号——多步骤范例）这是一个唯一作者发表的论文，因而以个人名义表示感谢相关基金资助（ My work was supported by…… ）本文是一篇14页的综述有105篇参考文献，作者可能应编辑要求删除了部分参考文献，因而为此向读者和被删除了文献的相关作者表示歉意。作者还感谢数位同行或朋友让其分享尚未公开发表的文献或数据，并感谢Fred Rosen 的批评性审阅。

科技英语写作(2)—Title

Importance of the Title In preparing a title for a paper, the author would do well to remember one salient fact: That title will be read by thousands of people. Perhaps few people, if any, will read the entire paper, but many people will read the title, either in the original journal or in one of the secondary (abstracting and indexing) publications. Therefore, all words in the title should be chosen with great care, and their association with one another must be carefully managed. Perhaps the most common error in defective titles, and certainly the most damaging in terms of comprehension, is 5 faulty syntax (word order).
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题名撰写的基本要求在设计题名时，作者应思考一下“我如何检索在设计题名时，作者应思考一下“ 这类信息” 这类信息” 为了方便二次检索，题名中应避免使用化学式、上下角标、特殊符号（数字符号、希腊字母等）、公式、不常用的专业术语和非英语词汇（包括拉丁语）等。部分文体指南和作者须知中还特别规定题名中不得使用专利名、化工产品、药品、材料或仪器的公司名、特殊商业标记或商标。

SCI 写作与投稿

The reviewer(s) have recommended publication, but also suggest some minor
revisions to your manuscript. Therefore, I invite you to respond to the reviewer(s)' comments and revise your manuscript.
communicate with editors of
scientific journals
Cover letter
Dear Editors: We would like to submit the enclosed manuscript entitled “Paper Title”, which we wish to be considered for publication in “Journal Name”. No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and manuscript is approved by all authors for publication. I would like to declare on behalf of my co-authors that the work described was original research that has not been published previously, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. All the authors listed have approved the manuscript that is enclosed. In this work, we evaluated …… I hope this paper is suitable for “Journal Name”. The following is a list of possible reviewers for your consideration: 1) Name A E-mail: ××@×× 2) Name B E-mail: ××@××× We deeply appreciate your consideration of our manuscript, and we look forward to receiving comments from the reviewers. If you have any queries, please don’t hesitate to contact me at the address below. Thank you and best regards. Yours sincerely, ×××

How_to_Write_a_Scientific_Paper中英文版

What is a scientific paper? 什么是科技论文？
at the end, mostly outline. The continuous effort to understand, analyze, summarize, and reformulate hypotheses on paper will be immensely more efficient for you than a process in which you collect data and only start to organize them when their collection is “complete.” 工作结束时，应充分的总结。最有效率的做法是及时的理解，分析，总结，形成假说；而不是等到完成时才开始收集和整理数据。
What is a scientific paper? 什么是科技论文？
A paper is not just an archival device for storing a completed research program, it is also a structure for planning your research in progress. If you clearly understand the purpose and form of a paper, it can be immensely useful to you in organizing and conducting your research. 一篇论文并不仅仅是收集已经得到的研究结果，它也有助于形成进一步的研究工作的框架。如果明确了论文的目的，这对于计划开展你的研究工作有很大益处。

English Academic Writing

A mere look at CUMT student writers’ performance in academic paper writing

Introduction Ma (2002) and Wen, Ding and Wang (2003) found that Chinese college students’ (general) writings tend to display a spoken style, but this trend may decrease with the development of their English proficiency. Does this trend occur in CUMT Engineering postgraduates’ academic papers?
(cont.)

Tentative conclusion CUMT student writers’ academic papers are not always different from those of native English speakers’ in frequency, but there may exist great differences in quality.

(cont.)

Analysis (1) Accurate in two ways: Stylistically accurate in its precise use of language; technically accurate in its use of specilized terms, i.e. technical terms such as electromigration, charge, electric field, and scattering. (2) Clear because it is written in simple, direct sentences and partly due to defining the term, electromigration.

课本是用纸做的英语作文

课本是用纸做的英语作文The Importance of Using Paper in English Writing。

In today's digital age, it is becoming increasingly common to write in a digital format rather than on paper. However, there are still many reasons why using paper to write in English is important.Firstly, writing on paper allows for a more personal and intimate connection with the words being written. It is a physical activity that engages the senses, allowing the writer to feel the weight of the pen in their hand and the texture of the paper beneath it. This connection can help to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of the words being written.Secondly, using paper for writing can also have practical benefits. It allows for easier editing and revision, as changes can be made directly on the page without the need for complicated software. Additionally,paper can be taken anywhere and used at any time, without the need for electricity or an internet connection.Furthermore, writing on paper can also be a valuable tool for learning and memory retention. Studies have shown that writing by hand can help to improve cognitive function and memory, as the physical act of writing engagesdifferent parts of the brain than typing on a keyboard.Finally, writing on paper can also be a more environmentally friendly option than digital writing. While the production and disposal of paper can have negative environmental impacts, digital devices require asignificant amount of energy to produce and operate, and can contribute to electronic waste.In conclusion, while digital writing has its benefits, there are still many reasons why using paper for English writing is important. From fostering a personal connection with the words being written, to practical benefits like easy editing and revision, to the potential cognitive andenvironmental benefits, there are many compelling reasons to continue using paper as a writing medium.。

How to Write a Paper (PPT)

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Good reason 1 to read a paper:
Good title and abstract
A title and an abstract are your shop window. Most potential readers browse journals, whether in a library or on Internet, like shoppers on High Street. By this stage the purpose of the exercise is to grab their attention sufﬁciently to motivate them to read on:
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Good reason 2 to read a paper:
Good introduction
OK, so you have tempted unwary punters to enter the shop. They browse around, ﬁnger the goods, enter the measuring booth: now you want them to surrender the plastic.
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A good reason: (embarrassing in its simplicity)
• I want to communicate ideas to other people.
Why is this important? Because every good text must be considered ﬁrst and foremost from the point of view of its target audience. The BGML holds about 75000 volumes of more than 2100 mathematics and theoretical physics journals. This is plenty of dead trees! Your paper needs to compete with thousands of other papers in a very crowded marketplace of ideas for the (very) limited attention of busy academics. It is your duty to persuade them that they should expand time and attention on your paper. A good rule of a thumb is: Ask yourself which sort of paper would you like to read – and then write it.

英语课上干什么英语作文

英语课上干什么英语作文What We Do in English Class。

English class is an important part of our school curriculum. In English class, we learn how to read, write, and speak English fluently. We also learn about the culture and history of English-speaking countries. Here are some of the things we do in English class.Firstly, we learn grammar and vocabulary. We study the rules of English grammar, such as verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and sentence structure. We also learn new words and phrases, and practice using them in sentences and conversations.Secondly, we read and analyze literature. We read short stories, poems, and novels by famous English-speaking authors. We discuss the themes, characters, and literary techniques used in these works. We also learn how to write literary analysis essays and other types of academicwriting.Thirdly, we practice speaking and listening. We have conversations with our classmates and our teacher, and practice speaking English fluently and accurately. We also listen to recordings of native English speakers, such as news broadcasts, interviews, and podcasts.Fourthly, we work on writing skills. We learn how to write different types of essays, such as persuasive, descriptive, and narrative essays. We also learn how to write research papers and other types of academic writing. We practice writing and revising our own work, and receive feedback from our teacher and classmates.Finally, we learn about the culture and history of English-speaking countries. We study the customs, traditions, and beliefs of these countries, as well as their history and geography. We also learn about famous people and events in English-speaking countries, such as Shakespeare, the American Revolution, and the British monarchy.In conclusion, English class is an important part of our education. We learn grammar, vocabulary, literature, speaking and listening skills, writing skills, and cultural knowledge. These skills and knowledge will help us communicate effectively in English, and appreciate the rich culture and history of English-speaking countries.。

我的目标是学习好英语英语作文

我的目标是学习好英语英语作文英文回答：My goal is to improve my English writing skills. I want to be able to write clearly, concisely, and effectively in English. With improved English writing skills, I believe that I will be able to unlock a number of opportunities, both personally and professionally. I am eager to learn the nuances of English grammar, vocabulary, and style. I am also interested in learning how to write different types of essays, such as persuasive essays, analytical essays, and research papers. I am excited to embark on this learning journey and I am confident that with hard work and dedication, I will be able to achieve my goal of becoming a proficient English writer.中文回答：我的目标是提高我的英语写作水平。

我希望能够用英语清晰、简洁、有效地写作。

我相信随着英语写作水平的提高，我将能够获得许多机会，无论是在个人还是职业方面。

我渴望学习英语语法、词汇和风格的细微差别。

我还对学习如何撰写不同类型的论文感兴趣，例如议论文、分析性论文和研究论文。

研究生英语读写教程(提高级)教学课件unit3

研究生英语读写教程(提高级)教学课件unit3In the world of academia, English has become the lingua franca, and as such, it is imperative for graduate students to be proficient in both reading and writing in English. The 'Graduate English Reading and Writing Tutorial (Advanced)' is an essential course for students who wish to improve their English language skills. This course is designed to help students develop their critical thinking skills, academic writing, and reading comprehension abilities.One of the primary objectives of this course is to help students develop their critical thinking skills. This is achieved by teaching students howto analyze and evaluate academic texts. By doing so, students can learn how to identify the main arguments and ideas presented in the text, as well as the supporting evidence. Critical thinking skills are essential forgraduate students, as they are required to evaluate and analyze complex ideas and concepts.Another objective of this course is to help students improve their academic writing skills. Writing in English can be challenging for non-native speakers, and this course aims to help students overcome this challenge.The course teaches students how to write academic papers, includingresearch papers, essays, and reports. Students learn how to structure their writing, use appropriate academic language, and cite sources correctly. Reading comprehension is another important skill that students develop in this course. The course teaches students how to read academic texts effectively, including how to skim and scan texts, identify the main ideas, and understand the author's purpose. Reading comprehension is an essential skill for graduate students, as they are required to read a significant amount of academic literature in their field of study.In addition to developing academic skills, this course also helps students improve their overall language proficiency. Students learn new vocabulary,idioms, and expressions commonly used in academic writing. They also learn how to use grammar and syntax correctly, which is essential for effective communication in English.Finally, this course helps students to develop their confidence in using English. Many non-native speakers lack the confidence to speak and write in English, and this can be a significant barrier to success in graduate studies. This course provides students with the opportunity to practice their English language skills in a supportive environment, which can help to build their confidence and improve their overall performance.In conclusion, the 'Graduate English Reading and Writing Tutorial (Advanced)' is an essential course for graduate students who wish to improve their English language skills. The course teaches students critical thinking skills, academic writing, and reading comprehension abilities. It also helps students improve their overall language proficiency and confidence in using English. By completing this course, students will be better prepared to succeed in their graduate studies and future careers.。

如何写英文科技文

Writing Technical Papers in English
Contents
• Why do we write papers ? • Journals and Journal Review Process • Paper Structure
– – – – – – Title & Abstract Introduction Body Conclusions Acknowledgment References

Selecting Journals
• Identify where your contents fit • Limit your papers to a few key journals to establish an audience • Check if a journal is cited in science citation index (Web of science) • Flagship journals by professional societies, i.e., ASME, IEEE, etc., are most prestigious
Readers should be able to re-produce your results.
Sample Journals in Manufacturing
Tier 1: • ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering • ASME Journal of Mechanical Design • IEEE Trans. Automation Science and Engineering • IEEE Trans on Robotics • Journal of Power Sources • Journal of Engineering Manufacture • IIE Transactions Tier 1.5 • SME Journal of Manufacturing Systems • SME Journal of Manufacturing Processes • International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems • International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture • Journal of Intelligent of Manufacturing • Journal of Engineering Design • International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing • Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing • Journal of material processing technology

用英语表达写作业

用英语表达写作业Certainly! Here's a sample content for the title "Expressing Writing Homework in English":Writing Assignments in EnglishWhen it comes to writing assignments, it's important to understand the various types and how to express them in English. Here are some common types of writing assignments and examples of how you might express them:1. Essays: An essay is a formal piece of writing that presents an argument or analysis. You might say, "I have an essay due next week on the causes of World War II."2. Research Papers: These are more extensive and require in-depth research on a specific topic. "I need to submit a research paper on climate change by the end of the month."3. Reports: Reports often involve presenting findings from a project or experiment. "We were assigned a report to analyze the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth."4. Case Studies: These are detailed examinations of a specific situation or subject. "Our next assignment is to write a case study on a successful marketing campaign."5. Reflective Writing: This type of writing involves personal reflection on an experience or topic. "We have to hand in a reflective piece on our internship experiences."6. Lab Reports: These are written after conducting ascientific experiment and include the results and analysis. "I'm working on a lab report for my chemistry class."7. Journal Entries: Often used in language learning, journal entries are personal and informal. "We're supposed to write journal entries about our daily activities."8. Creative Writing: This can include stories, poems, or other forms of imaginative writing. "The creative writing class has a short story assignment due next week."9. Summaries: Summaries involve condensing information from a larger piece of text. "I need to write a summary of the novel 'To Kill a Mockingbird'."10. Critical Analysis: This type of assignment requires a deep understanding and critique of a text or concept. "We're assigned a critical analysis of the economic theories presented in the lecture."Remember, when expressing writing assignments, clarity and specificity are key. Make sure to mention the type of assignment, the topic, and any relevant deadlines.This content is designed to provide a clear and concise overview of various writing assignments in English, helping students understand how to express their tasks effectively.。

(上传)学术论文英文摘要的写作-English

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第8页，共35页。
Because of its importance, the Abstract has acquired a very rigid structure used by most writers.
In order to find out what this structure is, we look at an Abstract of a research paper from the Journal of Asian Pacific Communication and then ask a number of questions.
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第11页，共35页。
(4) The study showed that, with proper training, Chinese students could quickly adapt to a student-centred approach, and also provide rich and useful feedback on the writing of their peers. (5) This study has promising implications for educational contexts where students are considered passive learners, teacher-centred learning is the norm, or the process approach to writing faces daunting challenges to its implementation.
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第4页，共35页。
Because of its importance in academic writing, a research paper has a special form/format that has to be followed if one is to get a good grade from the instructor marking the paper or have the paper published/accepted.

科技英语写作(6)—Materials_and_methods

ZHAO Jianping Nanjing University of Technology
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材料与方法
科学研究的基本要求是研究结果能够被重复，而快速判定结果能否被重复的途径就是作者所描述的材料与方法。论文提交给同行评议时，审稿人常常会十分关注并仔细阅读材料与方法部分，如果审稿人对作者是否采取了正确可行的研究方法或技术、或实验能否被重复高度怀凝，就会建议退稿。而不管研究结果如何的激动人心。因此，材料与方法的表达非常重要。
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材料与方法:语态如果涉及表达作者的观点或看法，如果涉及表达作者的观点或看法，则多用主动语态 For the second trial, the apparatus was covered by a sheet of plastic. We believed this modification would reduce the amount of scattering. (建议使用) ——For the second trial, the apparatus was covered by a sheet of plastic to reduce the amount of scattering. (建议使用) ——For the second trial, the apparatus was covered by a sheet of plastic. It was believed that this modification would reduce the amount of scattering. (避免使用)
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Materials and methods: 写作内容
“材料和方法 ” 部分应清楚、准确描述材料和方法” 部分应清楚、材料和方法是如何获得研究结果的；是如何获得研究结果的；对方法的描述要详略得当、重点突出：对方法的描述要详略得当、重点突出：包括所有必要的细节(以便他人能够包括所有必要的细节以便他人能够重复实验); 重复实验不能遗漏重要文献；不能遗漏重要文献；描述要准确(“room temperature” is 描述要准确 not an accurate description); 参考拟投稿期刊的表达方式

英语作文

Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling 范文1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2. 出现这种情况的原因3. 这种现象导致的结果Due Attention Should Be Given to SpellingWhat is hot for 2010 in our colleges? It is the spelling mistakes. Countless students lack due attention to spelling. Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list, the one may be “challenge”. Freshman and sophomore almost write this word as “chanllege”. How careless they are!Why such a phenomenon sweeps every university? Some experts attribute it to students’ inattention, because students always pay no attention to spelling. However, other experts argue, the teachers should be blamed for this situation. In my opinion, it is far beyond any reasonable doubt that both of them should exert themselves to change the spelling mistakes.The spreading of the spelling mistakes has extremely negative effects on the education. For one thing, the special age that none of students can spell correctly will come soon. For another, while communicating with foreigners, we will be laughed at the spelling mistakes made by ourselves. As a result, due attention should be given to spelling immediately.文都名师：四级写作范文（三）来源：文都教育It is becoming increasingly common that lots of students do not think spelling is the major point of mastering good English.Through talking with them, I aware of the fact that common thinking leaded to this phenomenon is that, the students only want to get good scores from their tests, which Grammar skills are required more than spelling. Do not mention that some of the students only want to improve their spoken English to communicate, for a simple reason that this can make them sound cool.Different words stands for different meanings. As we are going to use English in our daily life, to understand different signs and ads, even when we are reading news papers, good spelling skills ensure us to get the correct information’s and prevents misunderstandings from happening. The most important point that students might not see is that spelling skill can make them pronounce well, because differentpronunciation comes from different spellings.Therefore, I suggest all students to pay attention to all the parts of English; this is the only way to make our English perfect.Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling来源：文都教育Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people's attitude towards some traditional practice, especially in the area of English learning , one of which is less attention has been given to spelling by college students . This issue has been brought into public focus and called for further concern.A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the mostcritical ones. First, information is expanding at such an increasing rate that our society is called the one of information. The information is so immense that students haven' t ample energy and time to deal deeply with spelling, and some computer programs, such as word ,have done the spelling checking work for us . Second, the standardized-test oriented way of English learning, in which the high score can be achieved without spelling, put students to the position on which they have the quite reason to ignore spelling.This issue may lead to a number of unfavorable consequences, with the following two the most serious. For one thing, the information would be incorrect when conveyed by hand- writing way and cause some bad effects. For another, we may indulge ourselves in this way of inaccuracy which may influence our attitude of learning or research.The awareness of the importance of this issue should be enhanced and some proper measures should be taken. It is reasonable for us to believe that the situation will be improved in the near future.1 近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；2 出现这种现象的原因和后果；3针对这种现象，我认为……4Do you remember these famous litterateurs: Lu xun, Zhu zi qing, Laoshe or Bing xin? How familiar these names are! Unfortunately, countlessstudents pay no attention to the study of Chinese. Nowadays, Internet,E nglishand game occupy students’ time and attention. For the majority of students, thestudy of Chinese hasbecome a remote memory。

怎样阅读英文文献,How to read english papers

How to Read a Scientific Research Paper--a four-step guide for students and for facultyAnn McNeal, School of Natural Science, Hampshire College, Amherst MA01002Reading research papers ("primary articles") is partly a matter of experience and skill, and partly learning the specific vocabulary of a field. First of all, DON'T PANIC! If you approach it step by step, even an impossible-looking paper can be understood.1. Skimming. Skim the paper quickly, noting basics like headings, figures and the like. This takes just a few minutes. You're not trying to understand it yet, but just to get an overview.2. Vocabulary. Go through the paper word by word and line by line, underlining or highlighting every word and phrase you don't understand. Don't worry if there are a lot of underlinings; you're still not trying to make sense of the article.Now you have several things you might do with these vocabulary and concept questions, depending upon the kind of question each is. You cana.Look up simple words and phrases. Often the question is simplyvocabulary--what's a lateral malleolus, or a christa, or thesemilunar valve. A medical or biological dictionary is a good place to look for definitions. A textbook of physiology or anatomy may be a good source, because it give more complete explanations. Your ordinary shelf dictionary is not a good source, because thedefinitions may not be precise enough or may not reflect the way in which scientists use a word (for example "efficiency" has acommon definition, but the physical definition is much morerestricted.)b.Get an understanding from the context in which it is used. Oftenwords that are used to describe the procedures used in an experiment can be understood from the context, and may be very specific to the paper you are reading. Examples are the "lithium-free controlgroup" in a rat experiment or the "carotene extraction procedure"in a biochemical experiment. Of course, you should be careful when deciding that you understand a word from its context, because it might not mean what you think.c.Flag this phrase as belonging to one of the major concepts of thepaper--it's bigger than a vocabulary question. For example, a paperabout diet and cancer might refer to "risk reduction," which you would need to understand in context and in some depth.3. Comprehension, section by section. Try to deal with all the words and phrases, although a few technical terms in the Methods section might remain. Now go back and read the whole paper, section by section, for comprehension.In the Introduction, note how the context is set. What larger question is this a part of? The author should summarize and comment on previous research, and you should distinguish between previous research and the actual current study. What is the hypothesis of the paper and the ways this will be tested?In the Methods, try to get a clear picture of what was done at each step. What was actually measured? It is a good idea to make an outline and/or sketch of the procedures and instruments. Keep notes of your questions; some of them may be simply technical, but others may point to more fundamental considerations that you will use for reflection and criticism below.In Results look carefully at the figures and tables, as they are the heart of most papers. A scientist will often read the figures and tables before deciding whether it is worthwhile to read the rest of the article! What does it mean to "understand" a figure? You understand a figure when you can redraw it and explain it in plain English words.The Discussion contains the conclusions that the author would like to draw from the data. In some papers, this section has a lot of interpretation and is very important. In any case, this is usually where the author reflects on the work and its meaning in relation to other findings and to the field in general.4. Reflection and criticism. After you understand the article and can summarize it, then you can return to broader questions and draw your own conclusions. It is very useful to keep track of your questions as you go along, returning to see whether they have been answered. Often, the simple questions may contain the seeds of very deep thoughts about the work--for example, "Why did the authors use a questionnaire at the end of the month to find out about premenstrual tension? Wouldn't subjects forget or have trouble recalling?"Here are some questions that may be useful in analyzing various kinds of research papers:Introduction:What is the overall purpose of the research?How does the research fit into the context of its field? Isit, for example, attempting to settle a controversy? show thevalidity of a new technique? open up a new field of inquiry?Do you agree with the author's rationale for studying thequestion in this way?Methods:Were the measurements appropriate for the questions theresearcher was approaching?Often, researchers need to use "indicators" because theycannot measure something directly--for example, usingbabies' birthweight to indicate nutritional status. Were themeasures in this research clearly related to the variablesin which the researchers (or you) were interested?If human subjects were studied, do they fairly represent thepopulations under study?ResultsWhat is the one major finding?Were enough of the data presented so that you feel you canjudge for yourself how the experiment turned out?Did you see patterns or trends in the data that the authordid not mention? Were there problems that were not addressed?DiscussionDo you agree with the conclusions drawn from the data?Are these conclusions over-generalized or appropriatelycareful?Are there other factors that could have influenced, oraccounted for, the results?What further experiments would you think of, to continue theresearch or to answer remaining questions?to top of pageTeacher's Guide to reading primary literatureAnn McNeal, School of Natural Science, Hampshire College, Amherst MA 01002 >amcneal@>There are many advantages to having undergraduates read primary literature (Epstein, 1972):∙Articles have a vividness that is seldom found in a text, so students get excited by them.∙Articles lend themselves to critical, analytical thinking.∙Students feel smart and powerful when they read original sources.∙Articles reveal the scientific process far better than secondary sources.It is important to choose articles that are appropriate for your students, looking at conceptual depth, vocabulary, and accessibility of the experimental and statistical techniques. Of these considerations, vocabulary is perhaps the least important, especially if you follow the suggestions below for introducing students to the new words. It is amazing what students can and do read, if they are given the tools to do so. Conceptual depth refers to the difficulty of the concepts important to the article. For example, an article on transcriptional factors in white blood cells requires students to understand some molecular biology. Such an article could be perfect for a cell biology course, but might be too advanced for basic biology. In addition to the difficulty of the main ideas addressed, the article may present some experimental and statistical techniques that are just too hard to grasp. For example, articles on research in epidemiology, such as the relationship of heart attacks to diet, are often wonderfully accessible--except when the authors use logistical analysis. Or an article on evolutionary relationships among protein molecules might be quite readable--except for the PCR techniques. In both these cases, you could decide to use the article anyway, if you have carefully figured out how to present the difficult techniques in a reasonably palatable way.In preparing your students to read articles for the first time, you will usually need to allocate a good amount of class time for the first article, but this experience should prepare them to be able to be a lot more independent in the future. This is the protocol we have found successful for first-time readers of research articles. (Woodhull-McNeal, 1989)A. Assignment 1.When you first assign the article, talk it up, saying how powerful students will feel when they can read the original literature and how exciting it is to read the papers scientists write for one another. Acknowledge that it will not be easy, but reassure students that you have a system that will make it all right. Briefly outline the four steps:1.Skimming,2.Vocabulary,prehension,4.Reflection and analysis.All students need to have copies of the paper so that they may mark it up freely. Send them away with the first assignment to do step 1 (skimming) and part of step 2 (vocabulary). What they should do is to underline or highlight every word and phrase they don't understand. The next class period will be devoted to giving them an understanding of the vocabulary.B. First class discussion--vocabulary. Plan to spend the entire class period defining terms they do not understand. It seems time-consuming, but in our experience it is completely worthwhile. Ask students to contribute words or phrases to be defined. Encourage everyone to name at least one term that needs defining--this helps to put them all on a more equal footing. (If students are asked to go and look up terms on this first paper, unless they are all at a high level, the exercise tends to split them further, with the more advanced students outstripping the others.) It is useful to write all terms on the board first, as the students name them, and to organize them by category (e.g., technique words from Methods, anatomical terms, chemicals). After most of the words have been listed, you may want to ask them about some others that they may have ignored. Then choose whatever order seems best to you (doing simple terms first often is helpful) and define, define, explain, explain. Remember, you aren't explaining the paper, just the vocabulary.C. Second assignment--comprehension. The next assignment is to read the paper for comprehension. At this point, you might want to assign students to answer some questions on the paper as well. The guidelines for students are as follows:In the Introduction, note the overall context--o what larger question is this a part of?o the author's summary and comments on previous research,o the hypothesis of the paper and the ways this will be tested.In the Methods, try to get a clear picture of what was doneat each step. What was actually measured? It is a good ideato make an outline and/or sketch of the procedures andinstruments. Keep notes of your questions; some of them maybe simply technical, but others may point to more fundamentalconsiderations that you will use for reflection and criticismbelow.In Results look carefully at the figures and tables, as theyare the heart of most papers. A scientist will often read thefigures and tables before deciding whether it is worthwhileto read the rest of the article! What does it mean to"understand" a figure? You understand a figure when you canredraw it and explain it in plain English words.The Discussion contains the conclusions that the author wouldlike to draw from the data. In some papers, this section hasa lot of interpretation and is very important. In any case,this is usually where the author reflects on the work and itsmeaning in relation to other findings and to the field ingeneral.D. Second discussion --comprehension. The second discussion can focus on comprehension of each section of the article. Students often avoid working with the figures and tables. Instead of whole-class discussions of these, you might want to assign small groups of the students to spend ten minutes in class redrawing figures and tables and preparing to explain them to everyone else.E. Third assignment--reflection and analysis. To integrate their knowledge and think about the article more critically, students usually need a third exposure. The student guidelines for this reading are as follows:After you understand the article and can summarize it, then you can return to broader questions and draw your own conclusions. It is very useful to keep track of your questions as you go along, returning to see whetherthey have been answered. Often, the simple questions may contain the seeds of very deep thoughts about the work--for example, "Why did the authors use a questionnaire at the end of the month to find out about premenstrual tension? Wouldn't subjects forget or have trouble recalling?"Here are some questions that may be useful in analyzing various kinds of research papers:Introduction:∙What is the overall purpose of the research?∙How does the research fit into the context of its field? Is it, for example, attempting to settle a controversy? show thevalidity of a new technique? open up a new field of inquiry?∙Do you agree with the author's rationale for studying the question in this way?Methods:∙Were the measurements appropriate for the questions the researcher was approaching?∙Often, researchers need to use "indicators" because they cannot measure something directly--for example, usingbabies' birthweight to indicate nutritional status. Were themeasures in this research clearly related to the variablesin which the researchers (or you) were interested?∙If human subjects were studied, do they fairly represent the populations under study?Results∙What is the one major finding?∙Were enough of the data presented so that you feel you can judge for yourself how the experiment turned out?∙Did you see patterns or trends in the data that the author did not mention? Were there problems that were not addressed? Discussion∙Do you agree with the conclusions drawn from the data?∙Are these conclusions over-generalized or appropriately careful?∙Are there other factors that could have influenced, or accounted for, the results?What further experiments would you think of, to continue the research or to answer remaining questions?F. Third discussion--reflection and analysis. This is the opportunity to set the article in a larger context, to understand its relation to text material, and to encourage students to think beyond the outlines of the article, examining other factors that may not have been explored in the research. The questions above are a good basis for discussion. You may wish to break students into small groups to reflect on particular questions and present their ideas to the larger group. This discussion may take less than a full class period.If students are advanced or if the article is relatively easy for them, you may combine the second and third assignments and discussions, but we have found that allowing ample time is key to allowing all students to reach a good level of understanding.REFERENCESH.T. Epstein. 1972. An experiment in education. Nature 235 203-5.Ann P. Woodhull-McNeal, 1989. Teaching science as inquiry: a course example. College Teaching 37(1):3-7.。

英文课程表

英文课程表MONDAY9:00-10:00 AM: Spoken EnglishIn this class, students will develop their speaking and listening skills in English. They will learn how to express their opinions, ask and answer questions, and engage in conversations.10:15-11:15 AM: Writing WorkshopIn this class, students will learn how to write effective paragraphs and essays in English. They will practice brainstorming, outlining, and drafting, and receive feedback from their peers and the instructor.11:30-12:30 PM: Reading ComprehensionIn this class, students will enhance their reading skills in English by reading and analyzing texts from a variety of genres. They will learn how to identify and interpret main ideas, supporting details, and literary elements such as tone and mood.1:30-2:30 PM: Pronunciation and Accent ReductionIn this class, students will focus on improving their pronunciation of English sounds and reducing their accent. They will learn techniques for clear and natural-sounding speech, and practice speaking in different contexts.2:45-3:45 PM: Business EnglishIn this class, students will develop their communication skills in English for the workplace. They will learn about business genres and strategies for delivering effective presentations, negotiating, and writing professional emails.TUESDAY9:00-10:00 AM: Listening ComprehensionIn this class, students will practice their listening skills in English through a variety of exercises and activities. They will learn how to understand spoken English in different accents and styles, and develop strategies for improving their listening comprehension.10:15-11:15 AM: Academic WritingIn this class, students will learn how to write academic papers in English. They will practice researching, writing literature reviews, and citing sources in academic styles such as APA and MLA.11:30-12:30 PM: Speaking and Presentation SkillsIn this class, students will develop their speaking and presentation skills in English. They will learn how to prepare and deliver mini talks, debates, and group presentations, and receive feedback on their performance.1:30-2:30 PM: English GrammarIn this class, students will review and practice English grammar rules and structures. They will learn how to use correct verb tenses, prepositions, articles, and pronouns, and develop more complex sentence structures.2:45-3:45 PM: English LiteratureIn this class, students will explore and analyze literary works in English from different periods and genres. They will learn how to identify literary themes, motifs, and symbols, and develop critical thinking skills.WEDNESDAY9:00-10:00 AM: Spoken English10:15-11:15 AM: Writing Workshop11:30-12:30 PM: Reading Comprehension1:30-2:30 PM: Pronunciation and Accent Reduction2:45-3:45 PM: Business EnglishTHURSDAY9:00-10:00 AM: Listening Comprehension10:15-11:15 AM: Academic Writing11:30-12:30 PM: Speaking and Presentation Skills 1:30-2:30 PM: English Grammar2:45-3:45 PM: English LiteratureFRIDAY9:00-10:00 AM: Spoken English10:15-11:15 AM: Writing Workshop11:30-12:30 PM: Reading Comprehension1:30-2:30 PM: Pronunciation and Accent Reduction 2:45-3:45 PM: Business EnglishSATURDAY9:00-10:00 AM: English ConversationIn this class, students will engage in spontaneous conversations in English on a variety of topics. They will practice their listening and speaking skills, and learn how to interact in different social contexts.10:15-11:15 AM: English for TravelIn this class, students will learn essential English phrases and vocabulary for travelling, such as booking tickets, ordering meals, and asking for directions. They will also learn cultural differences and customs in English-speaking countries.11:30-12:30 PM: English Test PreparationIn this class, students will prepare for English proficiency exams such as TOEFL, IELTS, and Cambridge exams. They will practice test-taking strategies and review the test format and content.1:30-2:30 PM: English Pronunciation for SingersIn this class, students will learn how to improve their English pronunciation for singing. They will practice correct vowel and consonant sounds, and learn how to produce clear and expressive vocals.2:45-3:45 PM: English for Specific PurposesIn this class, students will learn English terminology and skills for specific fields such as healthcare, engineering, and law. They will practice reading and writing technical documents and communicative skills in their profession.。

中职信封英文作文

中职信封英文作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Big Dream of Writing EnvelopesHello, my name is Tommy and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to tell you all about my big dream for the future – I want to be an envelope writer when I grow up! I know it might sound a bit strange, but just hear me out.Ever since I was a little kid, I've always loved writing. I can spend hours just doodling away, making up silly stories and covering pages with my messy scribbles. My parents say I went through pens and pencils faster than anyone they'd ever seen! I would write on any scrap of paper I could find – the back of old envelopes, napkins from restaurants, even little notes I would slip into my mom's purse. Writing is just so much fun for me.One day, my dad brought home a big stack of envelopes from his office. He works at an insurance company and they always have tons of extra envelopes lying around. I asked if I could have them and he just laughed and said "Sure thing, kiddo. You can have as many as you want!" That night, I stayed up latepracticing my penmanship, carefully addressing each one to members of my family or my favorite fictional characters. I tried writing in big bubbly print and fancy cursive. I experimented with different colors and drew little doodles in the corners. It was the best time ever!From then on, I was hooked on envelopes. There's just something so satisfying about holding one in your hands and using your best handwriting to make it look perfect. It might not seem like a big deal to most people, but to me it's an art form. Some kids want to be athletes or movie stars when they grow up, but not me. My dream is to be an envelope calligrapher –someone who gets paid just to make envelopes look beautiful with their impeccable penmanship.I started doing research to learn more about careers that involve envelope writing. It turns out there are lots of companies and organizations that hire people just for that! Calligraphers get hired to artistically address fancy envelopes for weddings or important events. Envelope addressers help get mass mailings and advertisements sent out. And at places like shipping companies, they need teams of people to quickly and neatly write out millions of addresses each day. It's the perfect job for someone with a love of letters like me!My teachers always get onto me for doodling during class, but little do they know – I'm just practicing my skills for my future dream job! I have big plans to go to vocational school and get special training in things like proper addressing format, beautiful calligraphy styles, and efficient envelope processing. I'll study techniques for holding my pen properly to avoid hand cramps and learn shortcuts for writing out long addresses over and over again. It will be hard work, but I'm determined.I can't wait to land my first official envelope writing gig. I'll take my time making each one perfect, using the fanciest cursive I know. I'll add little flourishes on the capital letters and draw intricate borders around the sides. My handwriting will be so neat and precise that you could scan each envelope and blow it up to poster size without seeing a single mistake! People will watch me work in amazement, marveling at my skills with a pen.篇2Certainly! Here's an essay written from the perspective of an elementary school student, targeting a word count of around 2000 words. The language used is English.Title: The Secret World of EnvelopesHi there! My name is Emma, and I'm a curious little girl who loves to explore the world around me. Today, I want to share with you something that has fascinated me for a long time –envelopes! You might be wondering, "What's so special about envelopes?" Well, let me tell you all about the secret world of these unassuming paper containers.Envelopes come in all shapes and sizes, from tiny ones that can barely fit a stamp to massive ones that could hold a whole stack of papers. Some are plain and simple, while others are adorned with beautiful designs and patterns. But no matter how they look on the outside, each envelope holds the promise of a special message or surprise waiting to be discovered inside.Do you know how envelopes are made? It's a fascinating process! First, big sheets of paper are cut into smaller pieces and folded in a special way. Then, a sticky strip or flap is added to seal the envelope shut. It's like origami, but with a practical purpose! Can you imagine how many envelopes are made every day in factories all around the world? It's mind-boggling!Envelopes have been around for a really, really long time. Back in ancient times, people used to write on clay tablets or papyrus scrolls. But then, someone clever had the idea of folding paper to create a protective covering for letters and documents.Isn't that amazing? Envelopes allowed people to send messages safely across long distances, and they're still used for that purpose today.When you receive an envelope in the mail, it's like a little mystery waiting to be solved. You can't help but wonder, "What's inside? Is it a birthday card, a letter from a friend, or maybe even a surprise gift?" The anticipation builds as you carefully open the envelope, being careful not to tear the precious contents inside.Envelopes have played an important role in history too. Can you imagine how excited people must have been when they received letters from loved ones during wars or long journeys? Those envelopes carried messages of hope, love, and comfort across vast distances. Even today, receiving a handwritten letter in the mail can brighten someone's day in a way that emails or texts can't quite match.But envelopes aren't just for sending letters! They can be used for all sorts of things. Have you ever made an envelope out of paper to hold a special trinket or a secret message for a friend? It's like having your own personal treasure chest! And what about using envelopes for arts and crafts projects? You can decorate them, cut them into shapes, or even make little envelopes to hold tiny notes or surprises.Speaking of surprises, envelopes are often used for special occasions like birthdays and holidays. Can you imagine the excitement of receiving a big, colorful envelope with your name on it? Inside, there could be party invitations, gift cards, or even a special present! It's like a little package of joy just waiting to be opened.Now, I know what you're thinking – "Emma, you're just a kid! How do you know so much about envelopes?" Well, let me tell you a secret. My dad works at a stationery company that makes all kinds of envelopes, and he's taught me a lot about them. Whenever I visit his office, I'm surrounded by mountains of envelopes in every color and size imaginable. It's like being in a magical envelope wonderland!But even if you don't have a dad who makes envelopes, you can still appreciate the beauty and importance of these humble paper containers. Next time you receive an envelope in the mail, take a moment to really look at it. Notice the texture of the paper, the intricate folds, and the careful sealing. Each envelope has its own story to tell, and it's up to you to unravel the mystery inside.So, there you have it – the secret world of envelopes, as seen through the eyes of a curious little girl. Who knew that something so ordinary could be so fascinating? From ancienttimes to modern-day, envelopes have played a crucial role in connecting people and carrying important messages. And who knows, maybe one day you'll become an envelope expert too!篇3Learning to Write LettersHi! My name is Timmy and I'm in 4th grade. Today I want to tell you all about writing letters and using envelopes because we just learned how to do it in my class. It's actually pretty fun and cool once you get the hang of it!First off, why would you even want to write a letter? Well, my teacher Mrs. Johnson said that before emails and texting, people wrote letters all the time to communicate with friends and family who lived far away. Can you imagine not having phones or the internet? Letters were the only way to keep in touch besides visiting in person. Crazy, right?Anyway, she taught us the proper way to write and mail a letter. You start with a blank piece of paper or nice stationery if you've got it. Up at the top right corner, you write the date. Like this:April 15, 2023Then you skip a line and write "Dear" and the person's name, like "Dear Grandma" if you're writing to your grandma. After that comes the body of the letter where you write whatever message you want to tell that person. My letter said:"Dear Grandma,How are you? I'm doing good in school this year. We just learned about writing letters in class which is why I'm writing you this letter..."And so on and so forth. You can write as much or as little as you want! When you're all done, you write "Love," or "Sincerely," and sign your name at the bottom.The next step is the envelope. This little paper thingy might seem simple but there's an art to addressing envelopes properly! First you need to write the recipient's address nice and clear on the center of the front. The recipient is who you're sending the letter to. So for Grandma it would be:Mrs. Betty Smith123 Oakwood LaneApartment 2BChicago, IL 60615You have to include their full name, street address, apartment/unit number if they live in an apartment, city name, state abbreviation, and zip code. No skimping on those deets!Then on the top left corner, you write your return address - who the letter is coming from. Like this:Timmy Jones456 Park AveOak Park, IL 60304This ensures that if for some reason the post office can't deliver it to the recipient's address, they can return it to you instead of it getting lost forever.Finally, you need to add a stamp to the top right corner of the envelope. Stamps look like little pictures and they currently cost 60 cents for a standard letter. You can buy them at the post office or some grocery stores. The stamp pays for the postage to get your letter delivered.Once you've properly addressed and stamped the envelope, you just drop it in a blue mail box or hand it to your mail carrier and voila! The United States Postal Service will take care of getting your letter across town or across the country to its destination. How cool is that?The best part is getting a letter back from the person you wrote to! It makes you feel so special and connected to them, even if they're far away. My grandma always draws me little pictures and jokes in her letters which I love. Holding a handwritten letter from someone you care about is like getting a warm hug.Well, that's the scoop on letter writing from a kid's perspective! It takes a little practice but it's actually pretty simple when you break it down step-by-step. Who knows, maybe letter writing will make a comeback one day? If you ask me, it's a fun way to disconnect from screens and slow down to communicate the old-fashioned way sometimes. Give it a try and let me know if you enjoy it too!篇4My Envelope Writing AdventuresHi there! My name is Timmy and I'm 10 years old. I just learned how to write addresses on envelopes in my English class and I'm super excited to tell you all about it! It was a little tricky at first, but now that I've got the hang of it, I think it's really fun.The first thing we learned is that there are some very important pieces of information that have to go on an envelope.The first one is who the letter is going to - their name and stuff. That part is called the "addressee." My teacher said we always have to write that at the very center of the envelope.Next, we need the actual address - the street name, the city, the state, and something called a "zip code." I'm not totally sure what a zip code is, but I know it's super important for getting your mail delivered to the right place. The address all has to be written in a very specific order too, with the zip code last on a new line.Finally, we have to write what country the envelope is going to at the very bottom. Since we're writing in English, we put "United States of America" or just "USA" down there.Okay, let me give you an example of how to write it all out correctly on an envelope:Mr. John Smith123 Maple LaneBirmingham, AL 35242USASee how the name is centered at the top, then the street address, city, state and zip code? And the country is on the very last line at the bottom? Getting it in that order is really important.We also learned you're supposed to write in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, with no cursive writing allowed. The letters have to be really neat and easy to read. At first my writing didn't look that great, but I've been practicing a ton and now I think I'm getting pretty good at those clear, printed capital letters.Another big rule is using these funky abbreviations for the state names. Like "AL" for Alabama and "CA" for California. I have them all memorized now after lots of practice. My favorite is probably "HI" for Hawaii because it makes me want to go to the beach!You know what the hardest part was though? Learning where to put the commas and periods. There are periods after the state abbreviation and after "USA" at the end. But then you also have to put commas after the street address and after the city name. So many punctuation marks to remember!Like this:Mr. John Smith123 Maple Lane,Birmingham, AL 35242USAWhew, getting that comma placement right took me forever.I just had to keep writing examples over and over.But you know what's really cool? Once you get the hang of addressing envelopes properly in English, you can mail letters to people allllll over America! Or even to other countries if you learn their address formats too.My teacher said pretty soon we're going to learn how to address letters to places like Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Those countries have some different rules, like always putting the zip code before the city name. It's gonna be a new challenge but I'm ready for it!I can't wait to start sending letters and cards to my friends and family members who live far away. Doesn't it feel so grown-up and official to properly address an envelope? When I move out on my own someday, I'll be a total pro at writing my new mailing address for everyone.Well, that's the story of how I conquered addressing envelopes in English class! It took some work but now I've got it down pat. Anytime you see an envelope with my name on it,you'll know it's written perfectly with all the rules followed to a T. What an important life skill to learn, right?Okay, I've rambled on enough about my envelope writing adventures. Thanks for reading, and happy mailing! Let me know if you ever need help addressing an envelope yourselfbecause I'm definitely an expert now. Bye!篇5Writing an English EnvelopeHi, my name is Lily and I'm in 5th grade. Today my teacher Ms. Roberts taught us how to write an envelope in English. It was really interesting and a little bit tricky at first, but I think I've got it down now!The first thing we learned is that the envelope has two main parts - the front and the back. The front is where you write the address of the person you are sending the letter to. The back is where you write your own address as the return address in case the letter can't be delivered.On the front, there are a few important things you need to include. First, you write the name of the person you're sending it to. Ms. Roberts said this is called the "addressee." You want towrite their full name, like "Mr. John Smith." Don't forget to include any titles like Mr., Mrs., Ms., or Dr. if you know them.Next, you write their street address on the line below their name. This could be something like "123 Main Street." Make sure to spell out the street name and type, like Street, Road, Avenue etc.Then on the next line, you write the city and state, separating them with a comma. Like "Chicago, Illinois." I live in California, so if I was writing to my friend Emma in Los Angeles, I would write "Los Angeles, CA."Finally, you write the zip code on the last line. Those are the 5 or 9 digit numbers that identify the postal area. In America, we have zip codes but some other countries use postal codes instead.So putting it all together, the front of the envelope would look something like this:Mr. John Smith123 Main StreetChicago, Illinois 60614Cool right? Getting all those parts in the right order is important so the post office knows where to deliver your letter!On the back of the envelope, you write your own address as the "return address." This is where the letter will go if it can't be delivered properly. The format is the same as the front - your name, street address, city/state, and zip code.My teacher also showed us some optional things you can include. Like if you want to write "Attn:" before the name to get someone's attention. Or "APO" for military mail. There are lots of little abbreviations you can use.The hardest part for me was remembering to write the state using the standard 2-letter abbreviation, like CA for California or NY for New York. I kept wanting to write out the full state name! But the postal service prefers the short versions.Another tricky bit was remembering that for the zip code, you don't need to write the words "zip code." You just write the 5 or 9 digit number by itself on that last line. Simple but easy to forget!Overall though, once you get the hang of the proper order and format, writing an English envelope is pretty straightforward. The most important thing is making sure all the addressinformation is complete and accurate so your letter arrives at the right place.Ms. Roberts had us all practice addressing envelopes to friends and family. I wrote one to my cousins in Florida. I can't wait for them to get my letter! Writing and sending mail is so much fun. It makes me feel connected to people even if they live far away.I'm really glad we learned how to properly write an English envelope in class. It's an important skill, especially now that so much communication happens through texting and email. There's something really special about getting a hand-written letter in the mail. Don't you think?Well, that's all I have to say about writing English envelopes! Let me know if you have any other questions. Thanks for reading, talk to you later!篇6Envelopes: The Magical Paper PouchesHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to tell you all about one of the most amazing inventions ever - envelopes! I know what you might be thinking, "Envelopes?Those boring old paper things? What's so great about them?" Well, let me tell you, envelopes are like little magic pouches that let you send messages and things to people anytime, anywhere. Isn't that awesome?I still remember the first time I really noticed an envelope. It was my 8th birthday and I got a card in the mail from my grandparents who live far away. The envelope was so colorful with balloons and cake on it. When I opened it up, I could smell the floral perfume my grandma always wears. And inside was the sweetest birthday card with a crisp 5 bill! From that day on, I was hooked on envelopes.You see, envelopes let you do all sorts of cool things. First off, you can decorate them however you want. Use markers, stickers, glitter - whatever sparks your creativity! I like to doodle characters from my favorite cartoons. My friend Sarah is really good at making envelope origami art. Envelopes also let you be a secret agent sending coded messages, or a knight delivering an important scroll. The possibilities are endless!But envelopes aren't just for fun and games. They serve a very important purpose - getting your mail, parcels, and important documents from one place to another safely. Can you imagine if we had no way to send letters and packages? We'dnever get presents from faraway relatives or the newest toys from the company's warehouse. How boring would that be?I find it amazing how envelopes can travel all over the world. My dad showed me how they get stamped with the names of all the cities they pass through on their journey. I have one envelope that went from Los Angeles to Sydney to Tokyo before finally reaching its destination with me! Isn't that mind-blowing? Those envelopes are little explorers.Envelopes wouldn't be possible without some very clever inventions too. The glue that seals them has been around for a long time so your important contents don't spill out. Those clear plastic windows let the delivery people see the address without opening it. Andspecial colored inks and patterns on some envelopes can even coverup private info so only the intended recipient can read it. It's like they have super secret cloaking abilities!My favorite thing about envelopes though is that they bring people together from miles and miles apart. Whether it's a birthday card, a photo from grandma's vacation, or just a letter from your pen pal, envelopes let you send your thoughts and feelings across long distances. No matter where I am, I know anenvelope can help me stay connected to my family and friends. That's the real magic if you ask me!I hope I've convinced you that envelopes are way cooler than you thought. You probably use them for boring adult things like bills and tax forms (yuck!). But in the hands of a kid, they can be portals to distant worlds, secret satchels, or simple reminders that someone is thinking of you. So spread some cheer and send an envelope to someone special today!Those are my thoughts, but I want to know what you think too. When was the last time you got an exciting envelope? Do you have any tips for decorating them? Whatever it is, write it down and send it to me in one of those awesome paper pouches. I'll be waiting!。