Experiments_6
北师大版 选修6 Unit17 Period 5 Language Awareness 2 & Culture Corner & Bulletin Board
更新：2019/07/16 难度：0.65 题型：用所给词的正确形式填空 组卷：10
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4 . Drama and the performing arts are excellent methods of building confidence in both children and adults. Learning through drama allows children to explore their creativity and have fun while they are leaving their shyness and worries behind. Drama also works by supporting the growth of imagination and other skills. Entertainment has become rather passive(被动的) with cinemas,television, and video games. These screen-based methods have had a negative effect on communication. However, drama puts the"get-up-and-go"back into entertainment. Children have the opportunity to connect with others in a more meaningful way as drama encourages speech development and awareness of body language, and allows children to become more socially active. Play and drama are closely connected. When children play a game, they are pretending and using their imagination and so they are moving away from reality to create their own story. Drama is a vehicle through which children can express themselves more freely through movement and speech to make education fun. Children gain confidence by understanding that there is no final answer in drama and that their opinions and contributions are valued. Children are able to give a personal response to many problems and situations such as poverty, global warming and recycling. The problems that drama can deal with are endless. Drama and education have a strong connection as drama can encourage children to take an active interest in other subjects such as geography, history, and English and so they can have a more rounded education. As a drama teacher, I have seen children at their first class holding on to their parents' arms-unwilling to let them go. Then to see the same child later running into my class with smiles is an excellent sight. Drama gives children confidence by allowing them to try and experiment. Everyone is given the opportunity to shine within drama. Besides the history of the theatre, drama covers dance, music, directing, etc. These classes are especially designed to be of great fun. 【小题1】Performing drama is likely to help children ______. A．invent something useful B．imagine anything they like C．become more confident in themselves D．develop an interest in doing experiments 【小题2】Which of the following is useful in developing a child's communication skills? A．Drama and play. B．Television and the cinema. C．Video games and drama. D．The cinema and video games. 【小题3】What does the underlined part"get-up-and-go"in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Great influence on children. B．Enthusiasm for communication. C．Need for communication. D．Negative effects on children. 【小题4】We can know from the fourth paragraph that _____. A．children's opinions are of little importance B．drama has a weak connection with education C．children can learn drama by themselves in their daily life D．drama can help children learn about other subjects
6西格玛改善阶段绿带教材1892
曲线A, B, C
Material type: New vs old 材料类型：新和旧
Step V:Select Levels for each Factor
步骤五：选择输入因子的水平
Levels are selected based on DOE objective. 因子水平的选择是基于实验目的。
Steps of DOE
实验设计步骤
I、statement of the problem 陈述问题
II、set the objective of the DOE 设立目标
III、determine the output response(s) 确定输出变量
IV、identify input factors(control factors and noise factors） 识别输入因子（可控因子/噪声因子）
优化/稳健DOE：确定一组输入变量的操作参数（过程最优化)
Close settings are again used
水平设定进一步接近
Step VI: Select the type of DOE
步骤六：选择DOE类型
Step VII:Plan conducting the experiment 步骤七：实施实验的计划
学习目的
通过对本文章的学习，学员将能够 解释什么是DOE。 理解为什么使用DOE 解释一些DOE的术语 描述DOE的基本步骤 描述有效效果设计的一些阻碍 了解OFAT实验设计的局限性
What is Design of Experiments(DOE)
什么是实验设计
DOE consists of purposeful changes of input variables (factors) to a process (or activity) in order to observe the corresponding changes in the output variables (Responses) 实验设计通过有目的地改变一个过程（或活动）的输入变量 （因子），以观察输出变量（响应量）的相应变化。
高中英语真题-Unit2Poems_6
Unit2Poems一．单词拼写。
根据句子意思及首写字母写出下列单词。
1. She looks very beautiful, but a______ __ _ she is a thief.2. Pronunciation and grammar is quite important in English le arning. And so is v____________.3. “A____________” is often used in American English while “fl at” is used in British English.4. Judging from his a_____ __, he must be from .5. Many s__________ have been built in . As a result, people c an travel much faster than before.6. Are you sure he is a n here not a visitor ?7. Though I haven’t met him for many years, I could r________ __ him immediately when I saw him in the crowd.8. His story is b on his own experience .9. He didn’t stop in Hong Kong and flew s to .10. The ship sailed and we set up on a long v .11. Of the two choices , I prefer the l .12. A flash of bright l was followed by loud thunder .13. The government will make an o announcement ina day or two .14. Our school has organized a lot of activities in order to e our school life.15. He g knew this city with f______ ____visits througho ut the year.16. The chairman r that we should show our i c ard when leaving here.17. The general gave a c_______ ___ that all soldiers should go to the front.18. Mastering words and e___________is a very important part in English learning.二．根据提示完成下列句子。
2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案(第3套)
2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “Nowadays, cultivating independent learning ability is becoming increasingly crucial for personal development.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Read numerous comments users put online.B) Blended all his food without using a machine.C) Searched for the state-of-the-art models of blenders.D) Did thorough research on the price of kitchen appliances.2. A) Eating any blended food.B) Buying a blender herself.C) Using machines to do her cooking.D) Making soups and juices for herself.3. A) Cooking every meal creatively in the kitchen.B) Paying due attention to his personal hygiene.C) Eating breakfast punctually every morning.D) Making his own fresh fruit juice regularly.4. A) One-tenth of it is sugar.B) It looks healthy and attractive.C) One’s fancy may be tickled by it.D) It contains an assortment of nutrients.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) How he has made himself popular as the mayor of Berkton.B) How the residents will turn Berkton into a tourist attraction.C) How charming he himself considers the village of Berkton to be.D) How he has led people of Berkton to change the village radically.6. A) It was developed only to a limited extent.B) It was totally isolated as a sleepy village.C) It was relatively unknown to the outside.D) It was endowed with rare natural resources.7. A) The people in Berkton were in a harmonious atmosphere.B) The majority of residents lived in harmony with their neighbors.C) The majority of residents enjoyed cosy housing conditions.D) All the houses in Berkton looked aesthetically similar.8. A) They have helped boost the local economy.B) They have made the residents unusually proud.C) They have contributed considerably to its popularity.D) They have brought happiness to everyone in the village.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) They have created the smallest remote-controlled walking robot in the world.B) They are going to publish their research findings in the journal Science Robotics.C) They are the first to build a robot that can bend, crawl, walk, turn and even jump.D) They are engaged in research on a remote-controlled robot which uses special power.10. A) It changes its shape by complex hardware.B) It is operated by a special type of tiny motor.C) It moves from one place to another by memory.D) It is powered by the elastic property of its body.11. A) Replace humans in exploratory tasks.B) Perform tasks in tightly confined spaces.C) Explore the structure of clogged arteries.D) Assist surgeons in highly complex surgery.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) She threw up in the bathroom.B) She slept during the entire ride.C) She dozed off for a few minutes.D) She boasted of her marathon race.13. A) They are mostly immune to cognitive impairment.B) They can sleep soundly during a rough ride at sea.C) They are genetically determined to need less sleep.D) They constitute about 13 percent of the population.14. A) Whether there is a way to reach elite status.B) Whether it is possible to modify one’s genes.C) Whether having a baby impacts one’s passion.D) Whether one can train themselves to sleep less.15. A) It is in fact quite possible to nurture a passion for sleep.B) Babies can severely disrupt their parents’ sleep patterns.C) Being forced to rise early differs from being an early bird.D) New parents are forced to jump out of bed at the crack of dawn.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) We have poor awareness of how many controversial issues are being debated.B) No one knows better than yourself what you are thinking about at the moment.C) No one can change your opinions more than those who speak in a convincing tone.D) We are likely to underestimate how much we can be swayed by a convincing article.17. A) Their belief about physical punishment changed.B) Their memory pushed them toward a current belief.C) The memory of their initial belief came back to them.D) Their experiences of physical punishment haunted them.18. A) They apparently have little to do with moderate beliefs.B) They don’t reflect the changes of view on physical punishment.C) They may not apply to changes to extreme or deeply held beliefs.D) They are unlikely to alter people’s position without more evidence.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) American moms have been increasingly inclined to live alone.B) The American population has been on the rise in the past 25 years.C) American motherhood has actually been on the decline.D) The fertility rates in America have in fact been falling sharply.20. A) More new mothers tend to take greater care of their children.B) More new mothers are economically able to raise children.C) A larger proportion of women take pride in their children.D) A larger proportion of women really enjoy motherhood.21. A) The meaning of motherhood has changed considerably.B) More and more mothers go shopping to treat themselves.C) More mothers have adult children celebrating the holiday.D) The number of American mothers has been growing steadily.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Add to indoor toxic pollutants.B) Absorb poisonous chemicals.C) Beautify the home environment.D) Soak up surrounding moisture.23. A) NASA did experiments in sealed containers resembling thesuper-insulated offices of 1970s.B) It was based on experiments under conditions unlike those in most homes or offices.C) NASA conducted tests in outer space whose environment is different from ours.D) It drew its conclusion without any contrastive data from other experiments.24. A) Natural ventilation proves much more efficient for cleaning the air than house plants.B) House plants disperse chemical compounds more quickly with people moving around.C) Natural ventilation turns out to be most effective with doors and windows wide open.D) House plants in a normal environment rarely have any adverse impact on the air.25. A) The root cause for misinterpretations of scientific findings.B) The difficulty in understanding what’s actually happening.C) The steps to be taken in arriving at any conclusion with certainty.D) The necessity of continually re-examining and challenging findings.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A rainbow is a multi-colored, arc-shaped phenomenon that can appearin the sky. The colors of a rainbow are produced by the reflectionand____26____of light through water droplets (小滴) present in the atmosphere. An observer may____27____a rainbow to be located either near or far away, but this phenomenon is not actually located at any specific spot. Instead, the appearance of a rainbow depends entirely upon the position of the observer in____28____to the direction of light. In essence, a rainbow is an____29____illusion.Rainbows present a____30____made up of seven colors in a specific order. In fact, school children in many English-speaking countries are taught to remember the name “Roy G. Biv” as an aid for remembering the colors of a rainbow and their order. “Roy G. Biv”____31____for: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The outer edge of the rainbow arc is red, while the inner edge is violet.A rainbow is formed when light (generally sunlight) passes through water droplets____32____in the atmosphere. The light waves change direction as they pass through the water droplets, resulting in two processes: reflection and refraction (折射). When light reflects off a water droplet, it simply____33____back in the opposite direction from where it____34____. When light refracts, it takes a different direction. Some individuals refer to refracted light as “bent light waves.” A rainbow is formed because white light enters the water droplet, where it bends in several different directions. When these bent light waves reach the other side of the water droplet, they reflect back out of the droplet instead of____35____passing through the water. Since the white light is separated inside of the water, the refracted light appears as separate colors to the human eye.A) bouncesB) completelyC) dispersionD) eccentricE) hangingF) opticalG) originatesH) perceiveI) permeatesJ) ponderK) precedingL) recklesslyM) relationN) spectrumO) standsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Blame your worthless workdays on meeting recovery syndromeA) Phyllis Hartman knows what it’s like to make one’s way through the depths of office meeting hell. Managers at one of her former human resources jobs arranged so many meetings that attendees would fall asleep at the table or intentionally arrive late. With hours of her day blocked up with unnecessary meetings, she was often forced to make up her work during overtime. “I was actually working more hours than I probably would have needed to get the work done,” says Hartman, who is founder and president of PGHR Consulting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.B) She isn’t alone in her frustration. Between 11 million and 55 million meetings are held each day in the United States, costing most organisations between 7% and 15% of their personnel budgets. Every week, employees spend about six hours in meetings, while the average manager meets for a staggering 23 hours.C) And though experts agree that traditional meetings are essential for making certain decisions and developing strategy, some employees view them as one of the most unnecessary parts of the workday. The result is not only hundreds of billions of wasted dollars, but an annoyance of what organisational psychologists call “meeting recovery syndrome (MRS)”: time spent cooling off and regaining focus after a useless meeting. If you run to the office kitchen to get some relief with colleagues after a frustrating meeting,you’re likely experiencing meeting recovery syndrome.D) Meeting recovery syndrome is a concept that should be familiar to almost anyone who has held a formal job. It isn’t ground-breaking to say workers feel fatigued after a meeting, but only in recent decades have scientists deemed the condition worthy of further investigation. With its links to organisational efficiency and employee wellbeing, MRS has attracted the attention of psychologists aware of the need to understand its precise causes and cures.E) Today, in so far as researchers can hypothesise, MRS is most easily understood as a slow renewal of finite mental and physical resources. When an employee sits through an ineffective meeting their brain power is essentially being drained away. Meetings drain vitality if they last too long, fail to engage employees or turn into one-sided lectures. The conservation of resources theory, originally proposed in 1989 by Dr. Stevan Hobfoll, states that psychological stress occurs when a person’s resources are threatened or lost. When resources are low, a person will shift into defence to conserve their remaining supply. In the case ofoffice meetings, where some of employees’ most valuable resources are their focus, alertness and motivation, this can mean an abrupt halt in productivity as they take time to recover.F) As humans, when we transition from one task to another on the job —say from sitting in a meeting to doing normal work—it takes an effortful cognitive switch. We must detach ourselves from the previous task and expend significant mental energy to move on. If we are already drained to dangerous levels, then making the mental switch to the next thing is extra tough. It’s common to see people cyber-loafing after a frustrating meeting, going and getting coffee, interrupting a colleague and telling them about the meeting, and so on.G) Each person’s ability to recover from horrible meetings is different. Some can bounce back quickly, while others carry their fatigue until the end of the workday. Yet while no formal MRS studies are currently underway, one can loosely speculate on the length of an average employee’s lag time. Switching tasks in a non-MRS condition takes about 10 to 15 minutes. With MRS, it may take as long as 45 minutes on average. It’s even worse when a worker has several meetings that are separated by 30 minutes. “Not enough time to transition in a non-MRS situation to get anything done, and in an MRS situation, not quite enough time to recover for the next meeting,” says researcher Joseph Allen. “Then, add the compounding of back-to-back bad meetings and we may have an epidemic on our hands.”H) In an effort to combat the side effects of MRS, Allen, along with researcher Joseph Mroz and colleagues at the University of Nebraska-Omaha, published a study detailing the best ways to avoid common traps, including a concise checklist of do’s and don’ts applicable to any workplace. Drawing from around 200 papers to compile their comprehensive list, Mroz and his team may now hold a remedy to the largely undefined problem of MRS.I) Mroz says a good place to start is asking ourselves if our meetings are even necessary in the first place. If all that’s on the agenda is a quick catch-up, or some non-urgent information sharing, it may better suit the group to send around an email instead. “The second thing I would always recommend is keep the meeting as small as possible,” says Mroz. “If they don’t actually have some kind of immediate input, then they can follow up later. They don’t need to be sitting in this hour-long meeting.” Less time in meetings would ultimately lead to more employee engagement in the meetings they do attend, which experts agree is a proven remedy for MRS.J) Employees also feel taxed when they are invited together to meetings that don’t inspire participation, says Cliff Scott, professor of organisational science. It takes precious time for them to vent their emotions, complain and try to regain focus after a pointless meeting—one of the main traps of MRS. Over time as employees find themselves tied up in more and more unnecessary meetings—and thus dealing with increasing lag times from MRS—the waste of workday hours can feel insulting.K) Despite the relative scarcity of research behind the subject, Hartman has taught herself many of the same tricks suggested in Mroz’s study, and has come a long way since her days of being stuck with unnecessary meetings. The people she invites to meetings today include not just the essential employees, but also representatives from every department that might have a stake in the issue at hand. Managers like her, who seek input even from non-experts to shape their decisions, can find greater support and cooperation from their workforce, she says.L) If an organisation were to apply all 22 suggestions from Mroz and Allen’s findings, the most noticeable difference would be a stark decrease in the total number of meetings on the schedule, Mroz says. Lesstime in meetings would ultimately lead to increased productivity,which is the ultimate objective of convening a meeting. While none of the counter-MRS ideas have been tested empirically yet, Allen says one trick with promise is for employees to identify things that quickly change their mood from negative to positive. As simple as it sounds, finding a personal happy place, going there and then coming straight back to work might be key to facilitating recovery.M) Leaders should see also themselves as “stewards of everyone else’s valuable time”, adds Steven Rogelberg, author of The Surprising Science of Meetings. Having the skills to foresee potential traps and treat employees’ endurance with care allows leaders to provide effective short-term deterrents to MRS.N) Most important, however, is for organisations to awaken to the concept of meetings being flexible, says Allen. By reshaping the way they prioritise employees’ time, companies can eliminate the very sources of MRS in their tracks.36. Although employees are said to be fatigued by meetings, the condition has not been considered worthy of further research until recently. 37. Mroz and his team compiled a list of what to do and what not to do to remedy the problem of MRS.38. Companies can get rid of the root cause of MRS if they give priority to workers’ time.39. If workers are exhausted to a dangerous degree, it is extremely hard for them to transition to the next task.40. Employees in America spend a lot of time attending meetings while the number of hours managers meet is several times more.41. Phyllis Hartman has learned by herself many of the ways Mroz suggested in his study and made remarkable success in freeing herself fromunnecessary meetings.42. When meetings continue too long or don’t engage employees, they deplete vitality.43. When the time of meetings is reduced, employees will be more engaged in the meetings they do participate in.44. Some employees consider meetings one of the most dispensable parts of the workday.45. According to Mroz, if all his suggestions were applied, a very obvious change would be a steep decrease in the number of meetings scheduled.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them. Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice, which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words. For example, when someone says, “Well, that’s exactly what I need right now,” their tone can tell you it’s not what they need at all.Most frequently, sarcasm highlights an irritation or is, quite simply, mean.If you want to be happier and improve your relationships, cut out sarcasm. Why? Because sarcasm is actually hostility disguised as humor.Despite smiling outwardly, many people who receive sarcastic comments feel put down and often think the sarcastic person is rude, or contemptible. Indeed, it’s not surprising that the origin of the word sarcasm derives from the Greek word “sarkazein” which literally means “to tear or strip the flesh off.” Hence, it’s no wonder that sarcasm is often preceded by the word “cutting” and that it hurts.What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity. After all, when you come right down to it, sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying —and most bullies are angry, insecure, or cowardly.Alternatively, when a person stops voicing negative comments, especially sarcastic ones, they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident. Also, other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm.Now, I’m not saying all sarcasm is bad. It may just be better usedsparingly—like a potent spice in cooking. Too much of the spice, and the dish will be overwhelmed by it. Similarly, an occasional dash of sarcastic wit can spice up a chat and add an element of humor to it. But a big or steady serving of sarcasm will overwhelm the emotional flavor of any conversation and can taste very bitter to its recipient.So, tone down the sarcasm and work on clever wit instead, which is usually without any hostility and thus more appreciated by those you’re communicating with. In essence, sarcasm is easy while true, harmless wit takes talent.Thus, the main difference between wit and sarcasm is that, as already stated, sarcasm is often hostility disguised as humor. It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting. Witty statements are usually in response to someone’s unhelpful remarks or behaviors, and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its absurdities. Sarcastic statements are expressed in a cutting manner; witty remarks are delivered with undisguised and harmless humor.46. Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common?A) Both are recognized when heard.B) Both have exactly the same tone.C) Both mean the opposite of what they appear to.D) Both have hidden in them an evident irritation.47. How do many people feel when they hear sarcastic comments?A) They feel hostile towards the sarcastic person.B) They feel belittled and disrespected.C) They feel a strong urge to retaliate.D) They feel incapable of disguising their irritation.48. What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically?A) They feel their dignity greatly heightened.B) They feel increasingly insecure and hostile.C) They endure hostility under the disguise of humor.D) They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions.49. What does the author say about people quitting sarcastic comments?A) It makes others happier and more self-confident.B) It restrains them from being irritating and bullying.C) It benefits not only themselves but also those around them.D) It shields them from negative comments and outright hostility.50. What is the chief difference between a speaker’s wit and sarcasm?A) Their clarity.B) Their appreciation.C) Their emphasis.D) Their intention.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Variability is crucially important for learning new skills. Consider learning how to serve in tennis. Should you always practise serving from the exactly same location on the court, aiming at the same spot? Although practising in more variable conditions will be slower at first, it will likely make you a better tennis player in the end. This is because variability leads to better generalisation of what is learned.This principle is found in many domains, including speech perception and learning categories. For instance, infants will struggle to learn the category “dog” if they are only exposed to Chihuahuas, instead of many different kinds of dogs.“There are over ten different names for this basic principle,” says Limor Raviv, the senior investigator of a recent study. “Learning from less variable input is often fast, but may fail to generalise to new stimuli.”To identify key patterns and understand the underlying principles of variability effects, Raviv and her colleagues reviewed over 150 studies on variability and generalisation across fields, including computer science, linguistics, categorisation, visual perception and formal education.The researchers discovered that, across studies, the term variability can refer to at least four different kinds of variability, such as set size and scheduling. “These four kinds of variability have never been directly compared—which means that we currently don’t know which is most effective for learning,” says Raviv.The impact of variability depends on whether it is relevant to the task or not. But according to the ‘Mr. Miyagi principle’, practising seemingly unrelated skills may actually benefit learning of other skills.But why does variability impact learning and generalisation? One theory is that more variable input can highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not.Another theory is that greater variability leads to broader generalisations. This is because variability will represent the real world better, including atypical (非典型的) examples.A third reason has to do with the way memory works: when training is variable, learners are forced to actively reconstruct their memories.“Understanding the impact of variability is important for literally every aspect of our daily life. Beyond affecting the way we learn language, motor skills, and categories, it even has an impact on our social lives,”explains Raviv. “For example, face recognition is affected by whether people grew up in a small community or in a larger community. Exposure to fewer faces during childhood is associated with diminished face memory.”“We hope this work will spark people’ s curiosity and generate morework on the topic,” concludes Raviv.“Our paper raises a lot of open questions. Can we find similar effects of variability beyond the brain, for instance, in the immune system?”51. What does the passage say about infants learning the category “dog”if they are exposed to Chihuahuas only?A) They will encounter some degree of difficulty.B) They will try to categorise other objects first.C) They will prefer Chihuahuas to other dog species.D) They will imagine Chihuahuas in various conditions.52. What does Raviv say about the four different kinds of variability?A) Which of them is most relevant to the task at hand is to be confirmed.B) Why they have an impact on learning is far from being understood.C) Why they have never been directly compared remains a mystery.D) Which of them is most conducive to learning is yet to be identified.53. How does one of the theories explain the importance of variability for learning new skills?A) Learners regard variable training as typical of what happens in the real world.B) Learners receiving variable training are compelled to reorganise their memories.C) Learners pay attention to the relevant aspects of a task and ignore those irrelevant.D) Learners focus on related skills instead of wasting time and effort on unrelated ones.54. What does the passage say about face recognition?A) People growing up in a small community may find it easy to remember familiar faces.B) Face recognition has a significant impact on literally every aspect of our social lives.C) People growing up in a large community can readily recognise any individual faces.D) The size of the community people grow up in impacts their face recognition ability.55. What does Raviv hope to do with their research work?A) Highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not to learning a skill.B) Use the principle of variability in teaching seemingly unrelated skills in education.C) Arouse people’s interest in variability and stimulate more research on the topic.D) Apply the principle of variability to such fields of study as the immune system.。
五年级英语下册期末复习练习四
五年级英语下册期末复习练习四一、句型转换1.That’s a horse in English.就画线部分提问_________ _________ in English2.What’s on the desk 回答问题_________ _________ a pen.3.What’s this in Chinese 同义句What’s _________ _________ _________ this4.Is it a horse 改为肯定句_________ _________ a _________ .5.This is a horse. 变该句为复数形式_____________________________________________________6.We call it a foal. 就画线部分提问_____________________________________________________7.What’s this in English 用these替换画线部分_____________________________________________________8.That is a sheep. 改为否定陈述句_____________________________________________________9.These are kids. 就画线部分提问_____________________________________________________10.This is a tiger. 改为一般疑问句_____________________________________________________11.We can call it a bird. 对画线部分提问_____________________________________________________12.That is a cub. 改为一般疑问句_____________________________________________________13.We can call it a monkey. 改为一般疑问句_____________________________________________________14.Is that little bird nice 改为肯定陈述句_____________________________________________________15.Can your brother swim 改为肯定陈述句_____________________________________________________16.Do you want to be a teacher 改为肯定陈述句_____________________________________________________ 17.This is a lamb. 改为否定陈述句_____________________________________________________ 18.These are goslings.就画线部分提问_____________________________________________________ 19.Are these lovely chicks yours 改为肯定陈述句_____________________________________________________ 20.The ducks can swim.改为一般疑问句_____________________________________________________ 21.Those are pigs.改为一般疑问句_____________________________________________________ 22.Those are shops.就画线部分提问_____________________________________________________ 23.Are the little animals funny 改为肯定陈述句_____________________________________________________24. I read a story in the classmate.变该句为复数形式25. Those are English books.变该句为单数形式26. We often go to the park on Sunday.改为一般疑问句27 . Are those lovely puppies yours 改为肯定陈述句28. They are elephants. 变该句为单数形式29 .We have two maths classes. 改为一般疑问句30. That’s a duck in English.就画线部分提问31.There are tiger cubs. 改为一般疑问句32. There are some monkeys in the picture.改为否定陈述句in the picture.33. Please read English now.改为否定陈述句Now.34. We can go to the park next week.就画线部分提问you next week35. I would like a cup of tea . 一般疑问句A cup of tea36. They have two maths classes week. 就画线部分提问37. I have three friends in my school.就画线部分提问38. We have five apples in the bags. 就画线部分提问39. The boys have ten kittens in the room. 就画线部分提问40. They often sing in the club. 就画线部分提问41. Is that little bird nice 改为肯定陈述句42. Can your brother swim 改为肯定陈述句43. Do you want to be a teacher 改为肯定陈述句44. This is a lamb . 改为否定陈述句45. They want to go shopping.就画线部分提问____________________________________________________________46. These are coats.否定句________________________________________47. I think you are right. 否定句____________________________________48. This is a tiger.变该句为复数形式_______________________________49. They have three English classes a week.变该句为单数形式_____________________________________________________________ 50. We often read English in the library. 改为一般疑问句______________________________________________________________ 51. I have one maths lesson on Monday.就画线部分提问______________________________________________________________ 52. We often sing and dance in the music club.就画线部分提问______________________________________________________________ 53. There is a computer on the desk.改为一般疑问句_______ _________ a computer on the desk54. There is some bread in the bag.改为一般疑问句________ __________ ________ bread in the bag55. There is a storybook in the corner.变为否定陈述句________ ________ ________ storybook in the corner.56. We read English in the morning.就画线部分提问_______ _______ _______ _______ in the morning57. We study plants and animals in the science corner 就画线部分提问_______ _______ ________ ________ in the science corner58. There are some balloons in the classroom . 改为一般疑问句________ _________ ________ balloons in the classroom59. There is some water in the bottle.变为否定陈述句There ________ ________ _______ in the bottle.60. There are five elephants in the picture.改为单数There ________ ________ _____________ in the picture.61. Are there two foals on the field 改为肯定句_______ ________ ________ ________ on the field.62. We study birds in the forest.就画线部分提问________ ________ you __________ birds63. I like science field trips very much.就画线部分提问_______ ________ you ________ science _______ __________64. They do exercises at ten.就画线部分提问_________ _________ _________ _________ at ten65. We have six pictures.就画线部分提问________ ________ _______ _______ _______ ____________66. This storybook is interesting.改为一般疑问句__________ _________ __________ __________67. We have six classes every day. 就画线部分提问_______ _______ _______ _______ ________ _________ every day 68. We play hockey on the field.. 就画线部分提问________ ________ you _________ hockey69. They can watch TV at home. 就画线部分提问________ __________ they ___________ TV70. They play the violin after school.就画线部分提问________ _________ they __________ after school71. There are three girls in the room . 就画线部分提问_________ _________ _______ ________ _________ in the room72. I can help you. 改为一般疑问句_____________ I _____________ you73. We can play football in the school. 改为一般疑问句__________ __________ __________ __________ in the school74. I can draw picture. 就划线部分提问__________ __________ you __________75. Can the little boy swim in the river 改为肯定陈述句__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ in the river.76. I can do exercises at home. 改为否定陈述句I __________ __________ __________ at home.77. These books are eighty yuan.就画线部分提问_________ _________ _________ these books78. I can show you my photos.改为一般疑问句_________ you _________ me _________ photos79. I can buy shoes in_a_shop.就画线部分提问_________ _________ you _________ _________80. We can go_to_the_park next week.就画线部分提问_________ _________ you _________ next week81. The watch is seventy-two yuan.就画线部分提问_________ _________ _________ the watch82．I would like a cup of tea.一般疑问句a cup of tea.83．I can see some trees.否定句I trees.84．I can play football in the school.就画线部分提问you in the school 85．I want to buy a book.就画线部分提问you86. The walkman is sixty yuan. 就画线部分提问the walkman.87. I can speak English. 就画线部分提问you .88. We can do gymnastics in the gym. 就画线部分提问you in the gym89. The girls can play hockey. 改为单数.90. They can study wild plants in the forest. 改为单数in the forest.91. The bike is blue . 就画线部分提问the bike.92. I can walk with my walkman. 改为一般疑问句you with walkman93. We can play basketball over there. 就画线部分提问you basketball94. Can your brother write in English 改为肯定陈述句95. I can buy something with money. 就划线部分提问96. I can study English at home. 改为一般疑问句97. There are some shorts in the bag. 改为否定陈述句98．Study birds in the forest.否定句_______ __________ ________ in the forest.99．Please take him to the hospital.否定句________ _______ ________ _______ to the school. 100．Please read English now.否定句_________ _______ ________ ________ now.101.I am ill today .一般疑问句_________ you ________ today102. I have a bad cold.用she改写_______ ________ a bad cold.103. Move your knee.否定句_________ _________ ______ __________.104. I have a cold.一般疑问句_________ you _______ a cold105. I can go to school today.否定句I ______ __________ _________ _________ today.106.They often do exercises at home.改为单数He often __________ _______ at home.107. My foot hurts就画线部分提问__________________ ________you108. The Animal Hospital is over there.就画线部分提问___________ _________ ___________ ____________ ____________ 109. Take the book to the room.改为否定陈述句_________ _________ _________ _________to the room．110. Can the girl in red go to school 改为肯定陈述句_______ ________ _______ __________ ________go to school. 111. I can do maths problems.否定陈述句I__________ _________ ____________ problems.112. We can speak English.一般疑问句_________you ___________ ____________113. Can they play hockey 肯定句They _________ ___________ _______________．114. I can look after your sister. 一般疑问句_______ _________ _________ after my sister115. Please give the apple to Miss Gao. 同义句Please give __________ _______ _________ _________.116. The blue coat is mine.划线提问_________ ___________ is ______________117. Dick has only one big apple.划线提问______ __________ ________ _________ _______ Dick _________ 118. Does the boy with a book study Japanese well 肯定句The boy ________ ________ ___________ __________ ________ well. 119. I like pink best.同义句__________ is my __________ ____________.120. All of them like English.同义句____________ of them likes English.121. There is an empty box on the chair.同义句The box _________ _________ _________ is __________.122. How much are the oranges 同义句_________ the ___________ _________ the oranges二、连词组句1. things, like ,make , this .2. brother , read ,with ,English, your ,home , at .3. bike, borrow , friend , a ,from , your .4. often , on ,library, Monday , they ,to, go ,the .5. they ,horse , a , can, ride6. do ,do ,in ,school ,what ,the ,you7. picture, she ,can, a ,draw.8. experiments ,we, class, in, do .9. speak ,can, we ,English. ___________________________________10. this, nice ,is ,joey _________________________________________11. other , must , we , each , help . __________________________________12. is , lamb , where , the ________________________________________13. calf ,there , nearby, a, is . _______________________________________14. that ,a, cub, lion, is ___________________________________________15. in, we,forest,birds,the,study ．_____________________________________________________________16. maths,interesting,our , are,lessons,very ．_____________________________________________________________17. farmer’s , I,a,work , study , farm , on,the ．_____________________________________________________________18. job, very, my, like , much , I ．______________________________________________________________19.a, I ,toothbrush, want .____________________________________________________________________ 20. want, we, combs, some .____________________________________________________________________ 21. they, toothpaste, want, some .____________________________________________________________________ 22. soap, boys, and, want, some, girls, the .____________________________________________________________________ 23. wants, towel, he, a ._________________________________________________24. write, I, to, want._________________________________________________24.I, you, what, do, for, can_________________________________________________。
试验设计(Design of Experiments)简介
定义 1. 陈述实际问题 2. 陈述试验目的 3. 陈述因变量(Y) 4. 选择输入变量 5. 选择输入因子的水平
实施 6. 选择试验设计方案及样
本尺寸 7. 进行试验并采集数据 8. 分析数据 9. 得到统计学及实际答案 10. 把结论转化为实际问题
的方案
Pg 16
试验目的
试验目的和项目目的不同
DOE通常涉及多人且耗费大量资源 大多数人希望在项目结束前了解得到的结果怎样 报告/汇报DOE结果能帮助教导更多人关于DOE 的原理. 记
住有关临界数量及文化变革的教诲
DOEOutline.doc能帮助你作DOE总结报告的大纲
Pg 25
有效进行试验的障碍
问题不清 目的不清 脑力风暴不足 试验结果不清 DOE 太贵 DOE 时间太长 对 DOE策略了解不够 对 DOE工具了解不够 初期信心不足 缺乏管理层支持 要即时看到结果 缺乏适当指导/支持
球
Top Flite Titleist
球杆
Ping Peerless
87
84
86
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
82
计算主效果
主效果 – 因变量由于改变因子的水平所引起的平均变化.
主效球 果 因变T量 itleist因变T量 opFlite
868287841.5
2
2
主效球果 杆 因变量 因 Peerless 变量 Ping
848287863.5
4 4
啤酒 啤酒
0
w
车
r
0
w
车
r
?
Pg 14
因子试验 – 练习
把前例的试验设计方案填如表 中
车
低水平:
走
土力学六种常见试验实验目的步骤等介绍
3. 剪切试样
操作步骤
1.试样制备
2. 试样的安装
（1） 本试验需要3～4个试样，分别在不同周围压力下进行试验。 （2） 试样尺寸：最小直径为φ35mm，最大直径为φ101mm，试样高度宜为试样直径的2～2.5倍。对于有裂缝、软弱面和构造面的试样，试样直径宜大于60mm。 （3） 原状试样制备，应将土切成圆柱形试样，试样两端应平整并垂直于试样轴，当试样侧面或端部有小石子或凹坑时，允许用削下的余土修整，试样切削时应避免扰动，并取余土测定试样的含水量。 （4） 扰动试样制备，应根据预定的干密度和含水量，在击实器内分层击实，粉质土宜3～5层，粘质土宜为5～8层，各层土料数量应相等，各层接触面应刨毛。 （5） 对制备好的试样，应量测其直径和高度。试样的平均直径应按下式计算： （式中D1，D2，D3分别为试样上、中、下部位的直径） 取余土，测定含水率。
操作步骤
计算土的含水量
（1）计算准确至0.1%； （2）本试验需进行2次平行测定，取其算术平均值，允许平行差值应符合下表规定。
要 求
含水率（%）
小于10
10—40
大于40
允许平行差值（%）
0.5
1.0
2.0
3 土的液限、塑限试验
测定细粒土的液限、塑限，计算塑性指数、给土分类定名，共设计、施工使用。
快剪：在试样上施加垂直压力后立即快速施加水平剪应力。 固结快剪：在试样上施加垂直压力，待试样排水固结稳定后，快速施加水平剪应力。 慢剪：在试样上施加垂直压力及水平剪应力的过程中，均使试样排水固结。
方法
固结快剪试验
仪器设备
（1）应变控制式直剪仪：剪切盒、垂直加压框架、测力计、推动机构等； （2）位移计（百分表）：量程5~10mm,分度值0.01mm； （3）天平、环刀、削土刀、饱和器、秒表、滤纸、直尺等。
大学英语第6册
大学英语第六册Unit 1TextWriting research reports for college or work is often found far more difficult than it need so be. The following article offers some excellent advice on how to make the task easier and the report more impressive and effective. Whether you write a research report for a college professor or for a demanding boss in your profession, the author's advice will put you well on your way to becoming a skillful report writer.RESEARCH REPORTS FOR BUSINESS AND THECNICAL WRITINGWayne LosanoA surprising amount of one's time as a student and professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients. Indeed, without basic research skills and the ability to present research results clearly and completely, an individual will encounter many obstacles in school and on the job. The need for some research-writing ability is felt nearly equally by college students in all fields, engineering and science as well as business and the humanities. Graduate study often makes great demands on the student's research-writing skills, and most professions continue the demand; education, advertising and marketing, economics and accounting, science and engineering, psychology, anthropology, the arts, and agriculture may all require regular reporting of research data.ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPERThe standard research report, regardless of the field or the intended reader, contains four major sections. These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections, and they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report.Problem Section. The first required section of a research report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned. This section requires a precise statement of the underlying question which the researcher has set out to answer. In this same section there should be an explanation of the significance -- social, economic, medical, psychological, educational, etc. -- of the question; in other words, why the investigation was worth conducting. Thus, if we set out, for example, to answer the question "What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager?" we must explain that the question is thought to have significant relevance to the health of this segment of the population and might lead to some sort of regulations on such foods.A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researcher to thequestion under consideration with some assessment of the value of these contributions. This subsection has rhetorical usefulness in that it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based on a thorough knowledge of what has been done in the field and, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition.Procedures Section. The second major section of the research report details, with as much data as possible, exactly how the study was carried out. This section includes description of any necessary equipment, how the subjects were selected if subjects were used, what statistical technique was used to evaluate the significance of the findings, how many observations were made and when, etc. An investigation of the relative effectiveness of various swim-strokes would have to detail the number of swimmers tested, the nature of the tests conducted, the experience of the swimmers, the weather conditions at the time of the test, and any other factors that contributed to the overall experiment. The goal of the procedures section is to allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if such were desired to confirm, or refute, your findings.Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule in this section is to give all data relevant to the research question initially asked. Although, of course, one's natural tendency might be to suppress any findings which do not in some way support one's hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data was inadequate or contrary to expectations, the report should be honestly written and as complete as possible, just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research.Discussion Section. The final required section of a research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawn from those results. Of primary interest in business and technical research reports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions: Will our planned construction project meet federal environmental guidelines and be approved for building? Will this new program attract skilled personnel to our company? Will this new oil recovery technique be financially feasible? Thus, the discussion section of the research report must evaluate the research results fully: were they validly obtained, are they complete or limited, are they applicable over a wide range of circumstances? The discussion section should also point out what question remain unanswered and perhaps suggest directions for further research.STYLE OF RESEARCH REPORTSResearch reports are considered formal professional communication. As such, there is little emphasis on a lively style, although, of course, there is no objection to writing that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any research report should be edited to ensure that all data is correctly presented, that all equipment is listed, that all results are properly detailed. As an aid to the reader, headings indicating at least the major section of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under the proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections.Research data should be presented in a way that places proper emphasis on major aspect of the project. For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some consideration should be given to structuring research reports differently for different audiences. Management, for example, will be most concerned with the results of a research project, and thus the results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problem section and before the procedures section. Other researchers would be most interested in the procedures section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.For additional clarity and emphasis, major results should be presented in a visual format -- tables, charts, graphs, diagrams -- as well as in a verbal one.Beyond checking the report for clarity and accuracy in the presentation of technical data, the author of a research report should review for basic grammatical and mechanical accuracy. Short sentences are preferable to long in the presentation of complex information. Listings should be used to break up long passages of prose and to emphasize information. The research writer should try to use the simplest possible language without sacrificing the professional quality of the report. Although specialized terms can be used, pretentious jargon should be avoided. A finished research report should be readable and useful document prepared with the reader in mind.CONCLUSIONAlthough we struggle with research reports in high school, dread them in college, and are often burdened by them in our professional live, learning to live comfortably with them is a relatively easy task. A positive attitude (i.e. one that seem the oral or written presentation of research results as of equal importance to the data-gathering process); an orderly approach which includes prewriting (i.e., before any actual research is done, the researcher should try to get down on paper as much about the subject under investigation as possible) and a formal research report structure as the framework for the investigation; and a reasonable approach to the actual writing process including editing for accuracy and clarity, will help one to produce effective research reports efficiently.New Wordspresentationn. the act of presenting; a talk, usu. to a group of people 提出，呈递；介绍，报告clientn. a person who gets help or advice from a professional, e.g. a lawyer, an accountant, an architect, etc.; a person who buys goods or services 委托人，当事人，顾客obstaclen. sth. which prevents action, movement or successn. the branch of business concerned with advertising, publicity, etc. 营销economicsn. the science that deals with money, goods and services and how they are related to each other 经济学accountingn. the art, practice or system of keeping, analyzing and interpreting business accounts 会计学anthropologyn. the scientific study of man, including his physical characteristics, the origin and development of races, and the cultures, customs and beliefs of mankind 人类学datan. facts; informationelementn. a basic part of which sth. is made upintendvt. have in mind as a goal; planprecisea. clearly expressed; exact; accuratesignificancen. importance; meaningeconomica. connected with trade, industry and the management of money; of economicsconsumptionn. the act of consuming or an amount consumed 消费（量）teenagern. a young person of between 13 and 19 year oldrelevancen. importance or significance to the matter at handrelevanta.n. a part into which a whole is or can be divided; sectionregulationn. a law or a set of rules by which sth. is regulatedinvestigatev. examine carefully in a search for facts, knowledge, or informationinvestigativea.summaryn. a short statement of the main points of a report, etc.considerationn. careful thoughtassessmentn. the act of calculating or deciding the value or amount; the value or amount at which sth. is calculatedrhetoricala. in using a style designed to impress or persuade 修辞（学）的enhancevt. make greater; improve 增加，提高thorougha. complete in all respectstraditionn. ideas, customs, beliefs that have been passed down from generation to generationdescriptionn. the act of describing sth.; an account in words describing sth.subjectn. a person or thing that is an object of study or experiment 实验对象，试验品evaluatevt. judge the value ofstroken. a single complete movement that is repeated often, as in swimmingfactorn. sth. that helps bring about a result 因素overalla. including everything; containing allduplicatevt. make an exact copy oftendencyn. an inclination to think or behave in a certain wayhypothesisn. idea or suggestion put forward as a staring point for reasoning or explanation 假设antitheticala. opposite to and unable to exist together with 对立（面）的expectationn. the act of expecting sth. or sth. that is expectedvalidityn. truth or soundness; state of legally acceptable 正确（性）；合法（性），有效valida.constructionn. the act of constructing sth. or sth. that is constructedfederala. of the central government of the USA（美国）联邦政府的guidelinen. (pl.) informal rules or instruction on how sth. should be doneapprovev. have a favorable opinion (of); give permission or consent (to)skilleda. having skill; requiring training and skillpersonneln. all the people who work for a company or organizationapplicablea. that can be applied (to)formala. (of words or style of writing or speaking) suitable for official occasions, serious writing, etc.emphasisn. special importance given to sth. 强调objectionn. disapproval or opposition; a reason for being against sth.pleasinga. likable; giving delight or enjoymentaccuracyn. the condition of being correct and exact.clarityn. clearnessdraftn. a rough sketch, plan or outline 草稿，草图，草案editvt. prepare for publication by checking, correcting and revising 编辑ensurevt. make sure or certain; guaranteeaidn. help; assistanceheadingn. a title at the top of a page, chapter, or lettermethodicala. arranged or done according to a clear plan or method; orderly and systematiceliminatevt. get rid of; removewordya. using too many wordstransitionala. of change from one condition, activity or topic to anothertransition n.publicationn. (the printing and selling of) books, newspapers and magazinesagencyn. (esp. AmE) department of a government or an international bodyreadershipn. the particular number or type of people who read a book, newspaper or magazinevisuala. of, relating to, or used in seeingformatn. the way or order in which sth. is arranged or presentedgraphn. a mathematical diagram which shows the relationship between two or more sets of numbers or measurement （曲线）图diagramn. a simple drawing consisting mainly of lines used, for example, to explain how a machine works 简图，图表mechanicala. concerned with small technical detail 技巧上的，细节上的preferablea. more desirable or suitablelistingn. an act or instance of making a listprosen. ordinary written language, in contrast to poetrysacrificevt. give up, usu. for obtaining sth. for oneself or for othersspecializeda. suitable or developed for one particular usespecializev. adapt for a particular purposepretentiousa. claming (in an unpleasant way) to have importance, artistic value or social rank that one does not really possess 矫饰的，做作的jargonn. technical words expert use to discuss their subjects 行话readablea. easy and enjoyable to readorderlya. arranged in good order, in a well organized and controlled wayframeworkn. a structure that shapes or supports sth. 框架Phrase & Expressionson the jobwhile working; at workbreak down intoseparate into different kinds; divide into typesa variety (of)a number or collection of different sorts of the same general typemake upform as a whole; constituteunder considerationbeing discussed; begin given thoughtful attentionas suchas being what is indicated or suggested; in itself or in themselvestake onbegin to have; assumewrite uprewrite in a fuller, better organized way; give a full written account ofget downwrite, record (usu. quickly or with difficulty)Proper NamesWayne Losano韦恩.洛桑诺Unit 2TextThere is something fascinating about reading other people's mail if you are allowed to. Here is your chance to read the letters of American writer Sylvia Plath, which she wrote home to her mother from a hotel where she had a summer job as a waitress. At the time, she was a college student and was still at the start of her writing career. Through the letter we learn of her changing thoughts and moods concerning, boys and writing.THE BEGINNING OF A CARREERSylvia PlathThe Belmont Hotel, cape CodJune 11, 1952Dear Mother,Your amazing telegram [telegram announcing $500 Mademoiselle prize for "Sunday at the Mintons," which I forwarded] came just as I was scrubbing tables in the shady interior of The Belmont dining room. I was so excited that I screamed and actually threw my arms around the head waitress who no doubt thinks I am rather insane! Anyhow, psychologically, the moment couldn't have been better. I felt tired -- one's first night's sleep in a new place never is peaceful -- and I didn't get much! To top it off, I was the only girl waitress here, and had been scrubbing furniture, washing dishes and silver, lifting tables, etc. since 8 a.m. Also, I just learned since I am completely inexperienced, I am not going to be working in the main dining room, but in the "sidehall" where the managers and top hotel brass eat. So, tips will no doubt net much less during the summer and the company be less interesting. So I was beginning to worry about money when your telegram came. God! To think "Sunday at the Mintons" is one of two prize stories to be put in a big national slick! Frankly, I can't believe it!The first thing I though of was: Mother can keep her intersession money and buy some pretty clothes and a special trip or something! At least I get a winter coat and extra special suit out of the Mintons. I think the prize is $500!ME! Of all people!…So it's really looking up around here, now that I don't have to be scared stiff about money … Oh, I say, even if my feet kill me after this first week, and I drop 20 trays, I will have the beach, boys to bring me beer, sun, and young gay companions. What a life.Love, your crazy old daughter.SivvyJune 12. 1952No doubt after I catch up on sleep, and learn to balance trays high on my left hand, I'll feel much happier. As it is now, I feel stuck in the midst of a lot of loud, brassy Irish Catholics, and the only way I can jolly myself is to say, "Oh, well, it's only for a summer, and I can maybe write about them all." At least I've got a new name for my next protagonist -- Marley, a gabby girl who knows her way around but good. The ration of boys to girls has gotten less and less, so I'll be lucky if I get tagged by the youngest kid here. Lots of the girls are really wise, drinking flirts. As for me, being the conservative, quiet, gracious type, I don't stand much chance of dating some of the cutest ones … If I can only get "in" as a pal with these girls, and never for a minute let them know I'm the gentle intellectual type, it'll be O.K.As for the Mlle news, I don't think it's really sunk in yet. I felt sure they made a mistake, or that you'd made it up to cheer me. The big advantage will be that I won't have to worry about earning barely $300 this summer. I would really have been sick otherwise. I can't wait till August when I can go casually down to the drug store and pick up a slick copy of Mlle, flip to the index, and see ME, one of two college girls in the U.S.!Really, when I think of how I started it over spring vacation, polished it at school, and sat up till midnight in the Haven House kitchen typing it amidst noise and chatter, I can't get over how the story soared to were it did…I get great pleasure out of sharing it [her feeling about the story] with you, who really understand how terribly much it means as a tangible testimony that I have got a germ of writing ability. The only thing, I probably won't have a chance to win Mlle again, so I'll try for a guest editorship maybe next or my senior year, and set my sights for the Atlantic. God, I'm glad I can talk about it with you -- probably you're the only outlet that I'll have that won't get tired of my talking about writing …Speaking again of Henry and Liz, it was a step for me to a story where the protagonist isn't always ME, and proved that I am beginning to use imagination to transform the actual incident. I was scared that would never happen, but I think it's an indication that my perspective is broadening.Sometime I think -- heck, I don't know why I didn't stay home all summer, writing, doingphysical science, and having a small part-time job. I could "afford" to now, but it doesn't do much good to yearn about that, I guess. Although it would have been nice. Oh well, I'll cheer up. I love you.Your own SivvyJune 15, 1952Dear Mother.… Do write me letters, Mommy, because I am in a very dangerous of feeling sorry for myself … Just at present, life is awful. Mademoiselle seems quite unreal, and I am exhausted, scared, incompetent, unenergetic and generally low is spirits … Working in side hall puts me part, and I feel completely uprooted and clumsy. The more I see the main hall girls expertly getting special dishes, fixing shaved ice and fruit, etc., the more I get an inferiority complex and feel that each day in side hall leaves me further behind … But as tempted as I am to be a coward and escape by crawling back home, I have resolved to give it a good month's trial -- till July 10 … Don't worry about me, but do send me little pellets of advice now and then.June 24, 1952… Last night I went on a "gang" birthday party at the "Sand Bar" where we sang and talked for a few hours. There were about forty of us kids from the hotel. I managed by some magic to get myself seated next to a fellow in his first year at Harvard Law -- and he was just a dear … The best part was when we came back. It was a beautiful clear starry night, and Clark went in to get me two of his sweaters to wear because it was cold, and brought out a book of T.S. Eliot's poems. So we sat on a bench where I could just barely read the print, and he put his head in my lap and I read aloud to him for a wile. Most nice. The only thing is I am so inclined to get fond of someone who will do things with me like that -- always inclined to be too metaphysical and serious conversationally -- that's my main trouble … So glad to hear the check from Mlle is real. I hardly could believe it. Just now I am mentally so disorganized that I can't retain knowledge or think at all. The work is still new enough to be tiring, what with three changes a day into uniforms, and I am so preoccupied by mechanics of living and people that I can't yet organize and assimilate all the chaos of experience pouring in on me. In spite of everything, I still have my good old sense of humor and manage to laugh a good deal of the time … I'll make the best of whatever comes my way.Much love to you,SivvyNew Wordsmademoisellen. French title equivalent to Miss, abbr. Mlleshadya. full of or providing shad; darkinteriorn. the inner part of sth; insideinsanea. seriously ill in the mind; madanyhowad. in any case; anywaybrassn. (sl.) high officials, executives, etc.netvt. gain as profit 净赚slickn. a popular magazine printed on heavy, glassy paper（用油光纸印制的）通俗杂志franklyad. in an open, honest and straightforward wayfranka.intersessionn. a period between two academic terms, sometime utilized for brief concentrated coursesbeern. a bitter alcoholic drink made from grain 啤酒companionn. one who is often with another person; friend 同伴brassya. loud and daring in a tasteless mannerjollyvt. make (sb.) feel good or agreeable, esp. to gain and endprotagonistn. the chief character in a play or novelgabbya. very talkativeration. the relationship in number, quantity or size between two different things 比率tagvt. follow closelyflirtn. a person who behaves with a member of the opposite sex in a way that attracts interest and attentiongraciousa. very well-mannered and pleasantcutea. sharp-witted, clever, charmingly attractivepaln. (infml) friendflipvi. turn over quicklyindexn. an alphabetical list of the names and subjects in a printed work 索引polishvt. improve; perfect 润色soarvi. fly high into the air; rise beyond what is common and ordinarytangiblea. real; clear or definite enough to be easily seen, felt or noticedtestimonyn. proof; evidencegermn. the beginning of anything; origin 萌芽，起源editorshipn. the position of an editora. of the final year at high school or collegen. student in the senior classoutletn. a way of releasing sth.perspectiven. view; outlook; way of thinking about things 观点，看法broadenv. make or become broaderheckint. (used mainly as a mild curse) hellyearnvi. have a strong desire; longuprootvt. tear up by the rootsinferiorityn. the state or condition of being not good or less good in quality or valueinferiority complexan abnormal feeling not as good as other people, sometimes resulting in avoidance of others or overly aggressive behavior 自卑情结inferiora.cowardn. a person who is afraid to face danger, pain or hardshippelletn. a little ball or similarly shaped object; piecegangn. a group of friends who frequently meetstarrya. filled with stars that are visiblen. a warm knitted piece of clothing, which covers the upper part of one's body and arms 毛线衫，厚运动衫fonda. having a great liking or love for sb. or sth.metaphysicala. highly abstract; philosophical 高度抽象的，哲理的disorganizeda. in a confused state; badly planned or managedpreoccupyvt. fill the thoughts of sb. almost completely, esp. so that not enough attention is given to other thingsmechanicsn. the way in which sth. works or is donemechanics of livingsimple routine matters of lifeassimilatevt. take into the body and digest; understand completely and be able to use properlychaosn. a state of complete and thorough disorder and confusionPhrases & Expressionsno doubtwithout doubt; certainlyto top it off(usu. introducing sth. undesirable) in addition to everything elsebe stuck inbe unable to escape from (a disadvantageous position)know one's way around/ aboutunderstand how things happen in the world; be experienced in the way of the worldas forin regard to; speaking of; concerningsink inget a firm place in the mind; become fully understoodget overbelieve; learn to live with the shock of (sth. Very surprising or shocking)set one's sight foraim for, wish to get or wincheer upbecome hopeful, joyous or glad; stop being sad or discouragedat presentat this time; nowwhat withas a result of (used to introduce the reasons for a particular situation, esp. an undesirable one)be preoccupied by/withhave the mind fixed on sth., esp. sth. worrying so that no attention is paid to anything elsemake the best ofdo as well as one can withcome one's wayhappen to oneProper NamesSylvia Plath西尔维亚.普拉斯Belmont贝尔蒙特Cape Cod科德角Mademoiselle《小姐》杂志Minton明顿Marley马莉the Atlantic《大西洋》月刊Henry亨利Liz莉兹Harvard Law (School)哈佛大学法学院Clark克拉克T.S. EliotT.S. 艾略特Unit 3TextAre we humans alone in the universe? Or is there intelligent life on other planets? These questions are not new. What is new, however, is the scientific attempt to discover whether or not other planets beyond our own have given birth to advanced civilizations. In the following article, the author describes the scientific means now available for investigating this possibility and discusses how probable it is that we are not alone in the universe.THE QUEST FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCECarl SaganThrough all of our history we have pondered the stars and mused whether humanity is unique or if, somewhere else in the dark of the night sky, there are other beings who contemplate and wonder as we do, fellow thinkers in the cosmos. Such beings might view themselves and the。
试验设计与分析英文版第六版课程设计
Experimental Design and Analysis Course Design (6thEdition)IntroductionExperimental design and analysis is a core topic for students in the field of statistics. The purpose of this course is to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of experimental design and analysis. The 6th edition of the textbook for this course is one of the best resources avlable, providing a clear and concise introduction to the subject.The following course design outline provides an overview of the key components of the Experimental Design and Analysis course.Course DesignCourse TitleExperimental Design and AnalysisCourse DescriptionThe course covers the following topics:•The principles of experimental design•Single-factor experiments•Blocking and randomization•Multiple-factor experiments•Factorial experiments•Fractional factorial experiments•Response surface methodology•Random and mixed effects models•Analysis of variance•Model diagnostics•Model selectionLearning ObjectivesUpon the completion of this course, students will be able to: •Understand the fundamental principles of experimental design and analysis•Apply experimental design methodology to real-world problems •Interpret the results of experimental designs•Understand the fundamentals of statistical analysis PrerequisitesThe prerequisites for this course are:•Basic statistics•Calculus•Linear algebraCourse ScheduleThe following is an overview of the course schedule:•Week 1: Introduction to experimental design•Week 2: Single-factor experiments•Week 3: Blocking and randomization•Week 4: Multiple-factor experiments•Week 5: Factorial experiments•Week 6: Fractional factorial experiments•Week 7: Response surface methodology•Week 8: Random and mixed effects models•Week 9: Analysis of variance•Week 10: Model diagnostics•Week 11: Model selectionCourse MaterialsThe course materials for this course include:•Textbook: Experimental Design and Analysis (6th Edition)•Lecture notes•Assignments•QuizzesGradingThe final grade for the course will be determined based on the following components:•Assignments (40%)•Quizzes (20%)•Midterm exam (20%)•Final exam (20%)ConclusionThe Experimental Design and Analysis course offers students a thorough understanding of experimental design methodology. The 6thedition of the course textbook provides clear and concise coverage of the subject, making it an excellent resource for students. Through lectures, assignments, quizzes, and exams, students will develop the necessary skills to analyze and interpret experimental data, making them valuable assets in a variety of fields.。
英语6
New Wordsstationery n.materials for writing and for using in an office，for example paper, pens and envelopes 文具fare n.the money that you pay to travel by bus, plane, taxi, etc.车费；船费；飞机票价lump sum n.an amount of money that is paid at one time and not on separate occasions 一次总付的钱款recess n.a period of time between lessons at school 课间休息allocate v.to give something officially to somebody/something for a particular purpose 拨（给）；划（给）；分配（给）overspend v.to spend too much money or more than you planned 花钱过多；比（预计的）花得多：超支opt v.to choose to take or not to take a particular course of action 选择；挑选constraint n.a thing that limits or restricts something，or your freedom to do something 限制；限定；约束budget v.to be careful about the amount of money you spend；to plan to spend an amount of money for a particular purpose 谨慎花钱；把…编入预算overindulge v.to have too much of something nice，especially food or drink 过多地享用（尤指食物或饮料）short-sighted adj.not thinking carefully about the possible effects of something or what might happen in the future 目光短浅的；没有远见的mentality n. the particular attitude or way of thinking of a person or group 心态；思想状况；思想方法sibling n. a brother or sister 兄；弟；姐；妹indulge v. to allow yourself to have or do something that you like，especially something that is considered bad for you 沉湎，沉迷，沉溺（于…）rationing n. the policy of limiting the amount of food，fuel，etc.that people are allowed to have when there is not enough for everyone to have as much as they want 定量配给政策；配给制principle n.a belief that is accepted as a reason for acting or thinking in a particular way 观念；（行动、思想的）理由，信条unnecessarily adv.not by necessity；needlessly 没必要地differentiate v.to recognize or show that two things are not the same 区分；区别；辨别inculcate v. to cause somebody to learn and remember ideas，moral principles，etc.，especially by repeating them often 反复灌输；谆谆教诲resist v.to stop yourself from having something you like or doing something you very much want to do 忍住；抵挡temptation n.the desire to do or have something that you know is bad or wrong 引诱；诱惑scheme n. a plan or system for doing or organizing something 计划；方案；体系；体制formation n. the action of forming something；the process of being formed 组成；形成kindergarten n.a nursery school 幼儿园monthly adj.paid, valid or calculated for one month 按月结算的；有效期为一个月的Phrases and Expressionson a daily basis every day 每日地result in to make something happen 导致pay off… to finish paying money owed for sth.付清；偿清within one's mean s only spending what can be afforded 量入为出stand…in good stead to be useful or helpful to someone when needed （需要时）对某人有用，对某人有利重点词汇fare n. the money that you pay to travel by bus, plane, taxi, etc.车费；船费；飞机票价eg: What is the bus fare to London? 到伦敦的公共汽车费是多少?travel at half/full/reduced fare 半价[全价/减价]票旅行opt v. to choose to take or not to take a particular course of action 选择；挑选eg: He opted to go to Paris rather than London.他决定去巴黎，不去伦敦。
牛津版英语小学六年级上学期试题与参考答案
牛津版英语小学六年级上学期模拟试题与参考答案一、听力部分（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、Listen to the following dialogue and answer the question.A: Good morning, Class 6. Today we’re going to start our English class with a quick listening exercise.B: Great, Mr. Smith.A: I’m going to read a sentence, and you need to listen carefully. Here we go.(Recorded voice: “My name is Sarah, and I have two brothers.”)Question: What is the name of the speaker?A) SarahB) JohnC) EmilyD) MichaelAnswer: A) SarahExplanation: The recorded voice clearly states, “My name is Sarah,” indicating that the speaker is named Sarah.2、Listen to the following conversation and choose the best answer to the question.A: Hi, Lily. How was your weekend?B: Hi, Alice. It was pretty good. I went to the park with my family.A: That sounds fun. Did you do anything else?B: Yes, we also went to the museum. I really enjoyed it. They had an amazing exhibit about ancient Egypt.A: Oh, that sounds interesting. I’ve always wanted to see an exhibit like that.Question: What did Lily do with her family on Saturday?A) They went to the beach.B) They went to the museum.C) They went shopping.D) They went for a hike.Answer: B) They went to the museum.Explanation: In the conversation, Lily explicitly mentions that she went to the museum with her family, which is option B.3、Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer.A. What is the weather like today?B. How was your weekend?C. Where did you go on vacation?Answer: BExplanation: The listener can hea r the question “How was your weekend?” which indicates the topic of the dialogue is about the weekend experience.4、Listen to the short passage and answer the question.Question: What does the speaker recommend for a healthy lifestyle?A. Eating fast food every dayB. Drinking plenty of water and exercising regularlyC. Watching TV for hoursAnswer: BExplanation: The passage suggests that drinking plenty of water and exercising regularly are good habits for a healthy lifestyle, making option B the correct answer. Options A and C are not recommended for a healthy lifestyle.5、Listen to the dialogue between two students discussing their favorite subjects. Choose who likes Science best.A. JackB. EmilyC. Both of themAnswer: B. EmilyExplanation: In the dialogue, Jack mentions that he enjoys Math because he finds it challenging yet rewarding. However, Emily expresses her enthusiasm for Science by saying it’s her favorite subject because she loves learning about nature and conducting experiments.6、Listen to a short passage about a school trip to a museum. What did the students find most interesting?A. The dinosaur exhibitB. The ancient civilizations displayC. The space exploration galleryAnswer: A. The dinosaur exhibitExplanation: During the passage, the narrator describes how the students were particularly fascinated by the life-sized models of dinosaurs and the interactive displays that allowed them to learn about prehistoric life. This was highlighted as the highlight of the trip.7.Question: Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer.A. The teacher is asking the students to line up.B. The students are discussing their homework.C. The teacher is showing a map of England.Answer: AExplanation: In the dialogue, the tea cher can be heard saying, “Please line up, everyone,” indicating that they are asking the students to form a line. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.8.Question: Listen to the passage and answer the following question. What is the main purpose of the school trip?A. To visit historical sites.B. To learn about wildlife.C. To practice teamwork.Answer: AExplanation: In the passage, the teacher mentions that the school trip will include visits to several historical sites, and the students will have theopportunity to learn about the history of the area. The main purpose is not focused on wildlife or teamwork, so option A is the correct answer.9、What does the teacher ask the students to do for their homework?A)Read Chapter 5 of the textbookB)Write a short story about their summer vacationC)Prepare a presentation on famous scientistsD)Learn new vocabulary words from the listAnswer: A) Read Chapter 5 of the textbookExplanation: In the recording, the teacher clearly states, “For tonight’s homework, I want you all to read Chapter 5 of the textbook and be ready to discuss it in class tomo rrow.”10、Where are the children going on their school trip next week?A)To the zooB)To a local museumC)To the city libraryD)To an amusement parkAnswer: B) To a local museumExplanation: The dialogue between the teacher and the students mentions, “I’m excited to announce that we will be visiting the Natural History Museum next Thursday. Make sure to bring your notebooks and cameras!” indicating that the school trip is to a local museum.11.Listen to the dialogue between two students discussing their weekend plans and answer the question.Question: What activity does the second student want to do with their friend?A. Go shoppingB. Go to the moviesC. Go hikingD. Go to a concertAnswer: CExplanation: In the dialogue, the second student says, “I was thinking we could go hiking this weekend.” This indicates that they want to go hiking with their friend. Therefore, the correct answer is C.12.Listen to a short conversation between a teacher and a student about the student’s science project and answer the question.Question: What did the teacher suggest the student could improve in their project?A. The researchB. The presentationC. The experimentD. The conclusionAnswer: BExplanation: The teacher says, “I think you did a great job with the experiment, but your presentation could be a bit more engaging.” This implies that the teacher suggested the student could improve their project by making the presentation more engaging. Therefore, the correct answer is B.二、选择题（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、Which of the following sentences uses the correct form of the verb to agree with the subject?A) The list of players for the match are on the board.B) Each of the students have submitted their homework.C) Neither of the options sounds appealing to her.D) One of the cakes in the bakery looks delicious.Answer: DExplanation: In sentence D, “one of the cakes” is singular and requires a singular verb “looks.”2、Choose the correct preposition to fill in the blank: “The catsat_______the mat.”A) aboveB) belowC) onD) offAnswer: CExplanation: “On” is the correct preposition here because it indicates that the cat is positioned upon the surface of the mat.3.Which of the following sentences has the correct subject-verb agreement?A. The boys and girls are playing in the park.B. The boy and girls are playing in the park.C. The boys and the girl are playing in the park.D. The boy and the girls are playing in the park.Answer: AExplanation: In this sentence, “The boys and girls” refers to more than one boy and one girl, so the verb should be plural. Therefore, the correct sentence is “The boys and girls are playing in the park.”4.Choose the word that best completes the sentence.A. The cat___________on the mat.A. sitsB. satC. sittingD. sattingAnswer: AExplanation: The sentence is in the present continuous tense, which is used to describe an action happening at the moment of speaking. The correct form of the verb in this tense for “sit” is “sits.” Therefore, the correct sente nce is “The cat sits on the mat.”5、Which of the following words has a different pronunciation from the others?A)throughB)thoughtC)thoughD)coughAnswer: D) coughExplanation:The correct answer is D) ‘cough’ because it has a different pronunciation from the other options. In ‘cough,’ the “ough” makes an /ɒf/ sound, while in A) ‘through,’ B) ‘thought,’ and C) ‘though,’ the “ough” or “ough” part is pronounced differently. ‘Through’ sounds like /θruː/, ‘thought’ sounds like /θɔːt/, and ‘though’ sounds like /ðəʊ/. The commonality between A, B, and C is that they all have a long “o” sound, which is not present in ‘cough.’6、Choose the word that best completes the sentence below:We are going to the museum_______we can learn more about dinosaurs.A)so thatB)in order toC)such thatD)as ifAnswer: A) so thatExplanation:The correct answer is A) ‘so that.’ This phrase is used to introduce a purpose or reason for doing something. In this case, the purpose of going to the museum is to learn more about dinosaurs. The other options do not fit as well in this context: B) ‘in order to’ is close but it’s followed by a verb (without ‘we’), C) ‘such that’ is used to show a result, and D) ‘as if’ is used to compare two situations, usual ly hypothetical ones.7.Choose the correct sentence to complete the dialogue.A. How are you doing today?B. What’s your favorite subject?C. Can you help me with my homework?Answer: AExplanation: The dialogue seems to be a general greeting or asking about the other person’s well-being. “How are you doing today?” is the most appropriate question for this context.8.Select the sentence that best describes the weather.A. The sun is shining brightly.B. It’s pouring rain outside.C. The temperature is dropping.Answer: BExplanation: The sentence “It’s pouring rain outside” directly describes a situation where rain is falling heavily, which is the most suitable description of the weather in this context. The other options describe different weather conditions, but they are not as specific or accurate as the given answer.9、Choose the correct form of the verb to fill in the blank:“The children________their homework when the teacher arrived.”A)were doingB)was doingC)didD)doesAnswer: A) were doingExplanation: The sentence requires a past continuous tense because itdescribes an action that was ongoing at a specific point in the past. The subject “the children” is plural, so the correct answer is“were doing.”10、Identify the type of sentence:“Please close the window.”A)DeclarativeB)InterrogativeC)ImperativeD)ExclamatoryAnswer: C) Imperative11.The sentence “She has lived in the same house for over thirty years” is an example of which tense?A)Present PerfectB)Past PerfectC)Simple PastD)Future PerfectAnswer: A) Present PerfectExplanation: The Present Perfect tense is used to describe actions or states that started in the past and continue up to the present. It also indicates that the action may continue into the future. The phrase “for over thirty years” suggests a duration that started in the past and is ongoing, which is characteristic of the Present Perfect tense.12.Choose the word that does not belong in the following list of synonyms for “happy”:A) JoyfulB) ElatedC) SadD) DelightedAnswer: C) SadExplanation: The word “sad” is an antonym of “happy,” meaning it describes a feeling of sorrow or unhappiness. The other words in the list—joyful, elated, and delighted—are all synonyms for “happy,” as they all describe feelings of pleasure or satisfaction.三、完型填空（10分）Read the passage below and choose the best word from the given options to fill in each blank. Write your answer on the line provided.Last summer, my family and I went on a (1)_______trip to the countryside. We stayed in a small (2)_______by a lake. Every morning, we would wake up early and go for a (3)_______around the lake. One day, we even rented a boat and spent the whole afternoon (4)_______on the water. It was such a (5)_______experience, and I can’t wait to go back again next year!(1)A. exciting B. boring C. short(2)A. hotel B. cottage C. castle(3)A. swim B. walk C. run(4)A. fishing B. dancing C. reading(5)A. terrible B. wonderful C. scaryAnswers:(1)A. exciting(2)B. cottage(3)B. walk(4)A. fishing(5)B. wonderfulThis cloze test assesses the students’ vocabulary, understanding of context, and ability to choose the most appropriate word that fits both grammatically and semantically within the text.四、阅读理解（26分）Reading ComprehensionPassage:The Oxford Castle is a historic site located in Oxford, England. It has a rich history that dates back to the 11th century. The castle was built by William the Conqueror after the Norman Conquest of England. Over the centuries, it has served as a royal palace, a prison, and a military headquarters.One of the most interesting features of the Oxford Castle is its great hall. The great hall was originally built in the 12th century and has been used for various purposes throughout its history. It is known for its impressive size and intricate carvings. In the 16th century, it was used as a court for royaltrials, and it still retains some of the original judicial furniture.Another notable part of the castle is the Round Tower. The Round Tower is the oldest part of the castle and was built in the 11th century. It is believed that it was used as a keep, or a fortified residential tower. Today, it is used for exhibitions and provides a panoramic view of Oxford.The castle is also famous for its Romanesco Baths, which are one of the oldest Roman baths in England. They were built in the 2nd century AD and have been preserved relatively well. Visitors can still see the original bathing areas, including the hot rooms and cold rooms.Questions:1.What was the original purpose of the Oxford Castle?A) A royal palaceB) A military headquartersC) A prisonD) A court for royal trials2.In which century was the great hall of the Oxford Castle originally built?A) 11th centuryB) 12th centuryC) 16th centuryD) 2nd century3.What is the Round Tower of the Oxford Castle primarily used for today?A) Residential livingB) Military headquartersC) Exhibitions and panoramic viewsD) Royal trialsAnswers:1.A) A royal palace2.B) 12th century3.C) Exhibitions and panoramic views五、写作题（16分）Write a short story of 150-200 words about a day when you experienced a moment of unexpected kindness. Include the following elements in your story:1.The setting and the time of day.2.The person who showed kindness.3.The act of kindness.4.Your feelings and reaction.Example:Once upon a time, on a sunny Sunday morning, I was walking through the park when I noticed a small dog, looking lost and scared. It was around 10:00 AM when I found it near the playground. The dog had a shiny red collar with a name tag that read “Max.” I decided to take Max with me to find its own er.As I walked, I couldn’t help but feel worried about the dog. I thought about the kindness that someone might have shown to me in a similar situation. Suddenly, a woman approached me, carrying a bag of dog treats. She saw Max and asked ifI was looking for its owner. I nodded, and she offered to help.The woman took out a phone and called the number on Max’s collar. After a few moments, she turned to me with a smile, “Good news! The owner is on their way.” I was overjoyed and thanked her for her kindness.A few minutes later, Max’s owner arrived, relieved and grateful. The woman had spent her morning trying to find Max, even though she had no connection to the dog. This unexpected kindness reminded me of the importance of helping others in need.解析：这篇故事以一个阳光明媚的早晨为背景，讲述了一个关于意外的善举的故事。
高中英语北师大版必修第二册Unit6TheAdmirableLesson2Historymakers
一、根据首字母填写单词(单词拼写)1. Anger arose in her heart when he glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of r_________. (根据首字母单词拼写)2. D________ the traffic jam, we arrived there on time. (根据首字母单词拼写)3. On the Mid-Autumn Day Festival, it is a tradition that we a__________ the moon and eat mooncakes with our family. (根据首字母单词拼写)二、根据汉语意思填写单词(单词拼写)4. He made a lot of____________（雌性的, 女性的）friends in 2022. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）5. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often get together to share a meal and ________ (欣赏) the moon. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）6. These programs will ________ (合并，成为一体) with your existing software. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）三、根据中英文提示填写单词(单词拼写)7. She had hoped for years to work for an English newspaper and e__________ (最后，终于) got a job with English Coaching Paper. (根据中英文提示填空)8. The government will take some e________ (有效的) measures to reduce the white pollution. (根据中英文提示填空)四、完成句子9. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者不能正确使用该语言的情形。
natural experiments实验方法
一、自然实验的定义自然实验是指在自然界中发生的一种特殊实验，它们是人们无法控制的，但实际上它们是已经发生过的实验。
这些实验通常涉及到控制组和实验组，尽管在自然实验中很难进行随机分配。
自然实验是一种重要的实验方法，已经在许多领域得到了广泛应用。
二、自然实验的特点1.现实性强：自然实验的研究对象是真实的自然现象，具有较高的现实性。
2.观察性强：自然实验通常是基于大规模的观察和比较研究，采用多种数据证据来论证假设。
3.因果关系：自然实验可以帮助人们找出某种现象的原因和结果之间的因果关系。
三、自然实验的优点1. 真实性：自然实验的研究对象是真实的自然现象，具有较高的真实性和现实性，因此研究结论更具有说服力。
2. 成本低：自然实验相对于传统实验或随机对照试验来说，其成本很低，因为研究者无需自行操控变量，而是依赖自然发生的事件。
3. 可持续性：自然实验通常是基于大规模的观察和比较研究，因此可以持续进行，且结论更具一般性。
四、自然实验的应用领域1. 医学领域：自然实验在医学研究中得到了广泛的应用，尤其是在寻找某种疾病的成因和疗效方面，自然实验可以帮助医学研究者更准确地找到疾病的成因和治疗方法。
2. 社会科学领域：社会科学研究往往涉及到影响因素的复杂性和难以进行随机分配的情况，这些都是自然实验可以派得上用场的地方。
政策的实施对社会的影响、经济因素对教育的影响等都可以通过自然实验进行深入研究。
3. 行为科学领域：自然实验也在行为科学领域得到了广泛的应用，研究者可以通过观察和比较研究来研究人类行为在不同环境下的变化。
五、自然实验的局限性1. 伪因果关系：由于自然实验往往无法进行随机分组，因此可能出现伪因果关系，即两者之间的通联并非因果关系。
2. 可能性问题：自然实验往往无法消除外部因素的可能性，因此结论可能受到外界因素的影响。
3. 可比性问题：自然实验往往难以保证实验组和对照组之间的可比性，可能会导致结论的偏颇。
六、自然实验的实施步骤1. 确定研究问题：首先需要明确自然实验的研究目的，确定研究问题，明确研究的范围和目标。
实践的重要性作文6篇
实践的重要性作文6篇（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作计划、工作总结、述职报告、合同协议、演讲致辞、条据文书、心得体会、策划方案、教学资料、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as work plans, work summaries, job reports, contract agreements, speeches, documents, insights, planning plans, teaching materials, other sample essays, and more. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!实践的重要性作文6篇当我们写作文时，我们要学会管理时间，合理安排写作进程，提高时间管理技能，通过写作文，我们可以不断提高自己的文学素养和修养，本店铺今天就为您带来了实践的重要性作文6篇，相信一定会对你有所帮助。
(2024更新)教科版小学科学六年级下册科学实验总览英文版
(2024更新)教科版小学科学六年级下册科学实验总览英文版(2024 Update) Overview of Science Experiments in the Lower Grade 6 of Primary School Science EditionIn the Lower Grade 6 of Primary School Science Edition, students will engage in a variety of hands-on experiments to deepen their understanding of scientific concepts. These experiments are designed to be engaging and educational, allowing students to apply their knowledge in a practical setting.Experiment 1: Exploring the Properties of Materials Students will conduct experiments to explore the properties of different materials, such as hardness, flexibility, and conductivity. By conducting hands-on experiments, students will learn how to observe and record data accurately.Experiment 2: Investigating the Effects of LightIn this experiment, students will investigate the effects of light on various objects. Through hands-on activities, students will learn about the behavior of light and how it interacts with different materials.Experiment 3: Understanding the Basics of ElectricityStudents will have the opportunity to explore the basics of electricity through practical experiments. They will learn about circuits, conductors, and insulators, and how electricity can be harnessed for various applications.Experiment 4: Exploring the Life Cycle of PlantsIn this experiment, students will observe and study the life cycle of plants. Through hands-on activities such as planting seeds and observing germination, students will gain a deeper understanding of plant growth and development.Experiment 5: Investigating the Properties of WaterStudents will conduct experiments to explore the properties of water, such as surface tension, density, and solubility. Through hands-onactivities, students will learn about the unique characteristics of water and its importance to life on Earth.Experiment 6: Exploring the Forces of NatureIn this experiment, students will investigate the forces of nature, such as gravity, magnetism, and friction. Through hands-on activities, students will learn how these forces shape the world around us.Through these hands-on experiments, students will develop important scientific skills such as observation, data collection, and analysis. By engaging in practical activities, students will deepen their understanding of scientific concepts and foster a love for learning about the world around them.。
六年级英语生物遗传变异知识单选题50题
六年级英语生物遗传变异知识单选题50题1. Some animals have similar colors. This is because of _____.A. inheritanceB. variationC. mutationD. adaptation答案：A。
本题主要考查生物遗传变异的基本概念。
选项A“inheritance”意为“遗传”，一些动物有相似的颜色可能是因为遗传了相同的基因导致的。
选项B“variation”是“变异”，与题干中相似颜色不符。
选项C“mutation”是“突变”，通常是突然的变化，与相似颜色关系不大。
选项D“adaptation”是“适应”，不是相似颜色的直接原因。
2. A baby looks like its parents. This is an example of _____.A. variationB. mutationC. inheritanceD. adaptation答案：C。
选项C“inheritance”表示遗传，宝宝长得像父母是遗传的例子。
选项A“variation”指变异，这里强调的是相似而不是不同。
选项B“mutation”突变不符合宝宝像父母的情况。
选项D“adaptation”适应也不符合。
3. Different people have different eye colors. This is due to _____.A. inheritance and variationB. mutation onlyC. adaptationD. inheritance only答案：A。
不同的人有不同的眼睛颜色是由于遗传和变异共同作用。
选项A 正确。
选项B 仅突变不能完全解释不同眼睛颜色。
选项C 适应与眼睛颜色不同无关。
选项D 仅遗传不能解释颜色的多样性。
4. The shape of a plant's leaves can change over time. This might be caused by _____.A. inheritanceB. variationC. mutationD. adaptation答案：B。
小学上册D卷英语第4单元真题(含答案)
小学上册英语第4单元真题(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.s can grow very ______ (高大). Some tre2.I see many ______ in the sky.3.I love exploring new places, especially __________.4. A saturated fat contains no ________ bonds.5.We visit the ______ (科学实验室) to learn about experiments.6.What do you call the sweet food that is often served at parties?A. CakeB. CandyC. SnackD. Treat答案: A7.The _____ (honey) is sweet.8.I see a bird ________ the tree.9.My friend enjoys __________ (做义工).10.My brother and I like to . (我和我哥哥喜欢。
)11.The _______ will bloom when the weather is warm.12. A chemical reaction can be classified as endothermic or ______.13.The teacher gives us ________.14.What is the first month of the year?A. FebruaryB. JanuaryC. MarchD. April答案:B15.The __________ (历史的多元表达) reflect diversity.16.The __________ (历史的提高) fosters growth.17. A _____ (海豹) is very playful.18.The ____ has a loud call and is often found near water.19.My grandparents are very ____.20.I love to explore nature trails and observe ________ (野生动物) in their natural habitat.21.My dad grows ________ in the garden.22.I like to explore different stories with my toy ________ (玩具名称).23.The ability of a substance to change state is called _____.24. A wild boar has sharp ________________ (牙齿).25.The _____ (小海豚) leaps out of the water in joy. 小海豚高高跃出水面，欢快无比。
济南“PEP”2024年小学六年级上册第6次英语第一单元期中试卷
济南“PEP”2024年小学六年级上册英语第一单元期中试卷考试时间：80分钟（总分:140）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三总分得分一、选择题(共计20题，共40分)1、What do we call the tool used to measure weight?A, RulerB, ScaleC, ThermometerD, Stopwatch2、What is the capital of Italy?A, RomeB, FlorenceC, MilanD, Venice3、What is the capital city of Indonesia?A, JakartaB, BaliC, SurabayaD, Medan4、Which animal is known as man's best friend?A, CatB, DogC, BirdD, Fish5、Which animal says "meow"?A, DogB, CatC, CowD, Sheep6、What do we call the person who cuts hair?A, BarberB, DentistC, ChefD, Mechanic7、What do we call the time when the sun rises?A, SunsetB, SunriseC, NoonD, Midnight8、What is 100 75?A, 20B, 25C, 30D, 359、What is the name of the famous ancient city in Italy?A, PompeiiB, HerculaneumC, RomeD, All of the above10、What is the name of the famous astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory?A, CopernicusB, GalileoC, KeplerD, Newton11、What do we call a piece of furniture you sit on?A, TableB, DeskC, ChairD, Bed12、What do you call a hard, outer covering of an egg?A, ShellB, MembraneC, AlbumenD, Yolk13、What do you call a baby hedgehog?A, HogletB, KitC, PupD, Calf14、Which season comes after summer?A, WinterB, SpringC, FallD, Summer15、Which tool do you use to write?A, BrushB, PencilC, RulerD, Scissors16、What do you call a young kangaroo?A, JoeyB, KitC, PupD, Calf17、What is the opposite of "hot"?A, ColdB, WarmC, CoolD, Chilly18、What do you call a baby chicken?A, DucklingB, PigletC, ChickD, Calf19、How do you say "computer" in Spanish?A, ComputadoraB, OrdinateurC, RechnerD, Computer20、What tool do astronomers use to observe distant stars? A, MicroscopeB, TelescopeC, BinocularsD, Camera二、听力题(共计20题，共40分)My mom collects ____ (vintage) items.2、听力题：A ______ is an area of land that drains into a river.3、听力题：Some chemicals can be ______ to humans.4、听力题：The chemical formula for ethanol is ________.5、听力题：The man has a funny ________.6、听力题：We go to the _____ (park).7、听力题：In a reaction, the activation energy is the minimum energy required to start the _____.8、听力题：The _______ of a pendulum can be demonstrated with a swing.9、听力题：My mom loves to teach ____ (art) classes.10、听力题：A ____ is often seen splashing in the water and loves to swim.11、听力题：The dog is _______ (wagging) its tail.12、听力题：I like to ______ at the library. (read)13、听力题：A ________ is a natural feature created by erosion.14、听力题：The _______ is essential for healthy growth.15、听力题：The study of how landscapes evolve is part of ______ science.A _______ is a chemical process that produces nutrients.17、听力题：A ____ has a long body and can slither on the ground.18、听力题：A non-metal usually gains ______ in a reaction.19、听力题：The Earth's interior is mainly studied through seismic __________.20、听力题：He likes to play ___. (video games)三、填空题(共计20题，共10分)1、填空题：The ________ was a famous document that promoted equality.2、填空题：My aunt makes the best __________. (食物)3、填空题：We play soccer in the ______.4、填空题：My ________ (玩具名称) is a favorite among my friends.5、填空题：The _______ (The Trail of Tears) was the forced relocation of Native Americans.6、biodiversity hotspot) is rich in various species. 填空题：The ____7、填空题：The ______ (灌溉) system helps water plants.8、填空题：My name is . (我叫)9、填空题：__________ (科学方法) guides investigations and experiments in chemistry.My _____ (妈妈) loves to bake cookies for my friends.我妈妈喜欢给我的朋友们烤饼干。
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高级语言程序设计，2014-2015第一学期，实验#6－8
实验报告提交时间要求： 截止日期：10月24日
知识覆盖：循环语句
实验内容（1－3题第6讲后做，4－5题第7讲后做，7－9题第8讲后做）
1. 已知：
利用该公式编程求π的近似值，看用这个和式的前多少项求出的近似值与3.14159265的误差小于10-5，令程序输出三项数据：计算得到的和，由这个和求出的π的近似值，得到这个和所用的项数。
把10-5改成10-6和10-7并重新试验，总结误差与执行时间之间的关系。
2. 用以下方法求圆周率π的近似值（收敛速度快） (2171654321215143212131212167)
53+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⨯⨯+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⨯+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+≅π 观察项数和精度之间的关系。
3. 一个三位的十进制整数，如果它的三个数位之立方和等于这个数的数值，那么就把它称为一个“水仙花数”。
定义函数判断一个整数是是否为水仙花数，并利用这个函数打印出所有的水仙花数。
4. 用辗转相减求最大公约数的递归定义是（其中m>0, n>0）:
利用这个定义，用递归和循环方式写出一个求最大公约数的函数。
5. 用递归的方法求N 阶勒让德多项式的值，递归公式为：
6. 写一个程序，它读入一系列整数，最后输出其中最大的两个数。
7. 假设程序由输入得到一系列正实数是一条拆线在x 等于0,1，2，…….的对应值（数据的数目事先并未确定），请求出这一拆线与x 轴之间区域的面积。
⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>---===--.
1/))()1()()12((,1,01)(21n n x p n x xp n n x
n x p n n n ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>-<==.
),gcd(,),gcd(,),gcd(n m n n m n m m n n m m n m
8.依照文中单词统计程序，写一个统计C程序里面标识符个数的程序。
在程序里可以使用标准库提供的字符分
类函数：
int isalpha(int c) 当c是字母的编码时，返回非0值
int isdigit(int c) 当c是数字的编码时，返回非0值
使用两个函数时，应在程序文件前部写#include <ctype.h>。
提示：请弄清C语言中标识符与其它分隔符之间的关系。