新目标八年级下Unit-9学案及练习

Unit 9 Grade 8 （下）Have You Ever Been to an Amusement Park?知识点拨一、学习目标：1.掌握现在完成时的用法；2.了解一般过去时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意义的区别；3.能够准确使用多种时态谈论自己的经历。

二、学习重点难点：1. 现在完成时由主语＋have/has＋过去分词构成。

其主要用法如下：I. 在未指明具体时间的情况下，现在完成时动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成，而后果或影响至今仍存在的动作。

例如：The concert has started. 音乐会已经开始。

I have had breakfast. 我已吃过早饭。

注意：have gone to 和have been to 在意义上有区别。

例如：He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。

（他已前往香港，或在途中，或已到达。

说话人暗示他现在不在现场。

）He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。

（说话人认为他过去到过香港，现在已不在该地。

言外之意他对香港有所了解。

）II. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。

例如：1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。

2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。

注意：come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的，不能延续的，故不能与for …，since …等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。

不过，这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。

例如：不能说：*He has come to Beijing for two years.*He has bought that book for three weeks.*He has joined the Army for one and a half years.*His grandma has died for nine months.* I have received his letter for a month.可以说：He has been in Beijing for two years.He has had that book for three weeks.He has been in the army for one and a half years.His grandma has been dead for nine months.I haven't received his letter for almost a month.或者：It is two years since he came to Beijing.It is three weeks since he bought that book.It is one and a half years since he joined the Army.It is nine months since his grandma died.2. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身，与现在的结果无关。

现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下：I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.)我已经打扫过我的房间了。

I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.)我上周打扫了我的房间。

Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.)爸爸已经去厦门了。

They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.)他们买了一本字典。

注意：现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语（如：yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等）连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语（如：already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等）连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语（如：today, this morning, this week, this year等）连用。

例如：She has already finished her work. 她已经把工作做完了。

I haven’t read the story yet. 我还没读过这个故事。

Have you met him before? 你从前曾见过他吗？Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是个好学生。

比较：I have seen him this morning .我上午看见他了。

（说话时在上午）I saw him this morning.今天上午我遇见了他。

（说话时可能是下午或者晚上）It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。

（说话时仍是冬天）3. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”这一概念，有时两者可以互相代用，但前者多用于口语。

在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时；如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。

一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成时行时。

比较：I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好几次了。

I have been waiting for him for an hour. 我等他等了一小时。

He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。

He has been drinking coffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。

本周强化练习：一、用括号中给出的词回答问题。

1. Have you seen Mrs. Tang these days? (yes)________________________________________________________________2. Have you played kites this spring? (no)________________________________________________________________3. Have they watched the movie The Matrix Reloaded? (yes)________________________________________________________________4. Has your mother ever been to Tibet? (never.)________________________________________________________________5. How long have you played piano? (two hours)________________________________________________________________6. How long has Tom listened to English songs? (twelve years old)________________________________________________________________7. How many English story books have they read this semester? (six)________________________________________________________________8. How many cities have you visited? (twelve)________________________________________________________________二、根据句意和所给首字母，填写单词完成句子。

1.Has Shirley ever been to an a_________ park?2.People in Europe are called E_________.3.The United Kingdom, the United States and Australia are all E_________ countries.4.It was Christopher Columbus who first d________ American continent.5.I like fruits, e_________ sweet fruits, like watermelon and litchi.6.A flight a_________ is someone who serves on an airplane.7.Mike is good at playing m_________ instruments, such as guitar and saxophone.8.My sister has never been to a water park. N________ have I.9.Zhang Ziyi and Yang Ziqiong are both famous a_________.10.Coco Lee uses Latin music and other western styles to a________ fans from different countries.三、根据句意选择最佳答案，填在题前的括号里。

( ) 1. ----_____ you ever _____ to an aquarium?----Yes, we had a good time there.A. Have, goneB. Had, beenC. Have, been( ) 2. I _____ my grandpa last Sunday.A. have visitedB. visitedC. was visiting( ) 3. She _____ Shanghai for a month.A. has come toB. came toC. has been in( ) 4. Lu Xun _____ more than fifty years ago.A. diedB. has diedC. has been dead ( ) 5. Fanny _____ TV at this time last Saturday.A. has watchedB. was watchingC. watched( ) 6. ---- Have you ____ been to our town before?---- No, it's the first time I ___ here.A. even, have comeB. ever, comeC. ever, have come参考答案：一、1. Yes, I have.2. No, I haven’t.3. Yes, they have.4. No, she has never been to Tibet. (No, never.)5. I have played piano for two hours.6. Since he was twelve years old.7. They have read six English story books. 8. I have visited twelve cities.二、1. amusement2. Europeans3. English-speaking4. discovered5. especially6. attendant7. musical8. Neither9. actress 10. attract三、1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. CⅠ．Words and Expressions:Ⅱ．Sentences and Phrases (句型与词组)现在完成时的用法：1．现在完成时说明至目前为止已发生的动作或已有的经验。