Lecture 15 Air Primary Loops and Controls
COMAC航空科技英语等级考试B样题
COMAC航空科技英语等级考试B样题COMAC航空科技英语等级考试B1（技术类）样题Test Time：120 minutes部门_______________ 姓名____________ ⼯号____________Part I Listening （30%）Section 1 Conversation and Lecture（10%）Directions: In this section, you will hear a long conversation and a lecture. At the end of the conversation or the lecture, you will hear five questions. The conversation, the lecture and the questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices.Conversation1. A) They get you directly to holiday destination.B) Their tickets can be bought on the internet.C) They offer excellent services to customers.D) They’re much cheaper than famous airlines.2. A) They have sprung up recently and become successful.B) They change prices on the basis of customers’ demand.C) They always offer travelers the extremely cheap flight.D) They do much advertising but few people ever watch it.3. A) By travelling before public holidays.B) By buying tickets a day in advance.C) By booking at the very last minute.D) By flying at peak time like Fridays.4. A) They try every possible means to reduce expenses.B) They charge different prices depending on demand.C) They don’t serve any food on any of their flights.D) They have increased the speed of their aero planes.5. A) They only offer cheap tickets online.B) They fail to offer satisfactory service.C) They spend little time on the ground.D) They fly to and from smaller airports.Lecture6. A) The 845m2 wing area is large enough to park 70 cars.B) The plane has the potential to carry 550 passengers.C) The tail is about as long as the Great Sphinx in Egypt.D) The two deck fuselage is as high as a 7-storey building.7. A) It is as economical to run as a common jet.B) It burns more fuel than other jumbo jets.C) It can fly an amazing 15,000 km non-stop.D) It can carry more fuel than other planes.8. A) Toulouse in France.B) England and Wales.C) All over the Europe.D) Spain and Germany.9. A) It is remarkably expensive.B) It is impressively efficient.C) It is a nation-wide project.D) It is extremely complicated.10.A) The expenses.B) The designing.C) The electronics.D) The cooperation.Section 2 Compound Dictation （10%）Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage TWICE. You have its script in the following, but with eleven blanks in it. You are required to fill in the first eight blanks with the exact words you have just heard. For last three blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Remember, there will be a pause for the last three blanks.Laurence Barron, President of Airbus China, defended the A380 superjumbo jet as its safety performance has been called into question.“The Qantas A380 suffered an (1) ______________ engine failure, a fairly rare event, which also damaged the aircraft itself. The aircraft performed as expected and (2) ______________ safely, so no, there is nothing wrong with the A380. It’s a (3)______________ aircraft.”Barron also says the engine issue will not (4) ______________ next summer’s scheduled delivery of the A380 to China Southern Airlines, the only (5) ______________ carrier to purchase the plane.Meanwhile, Barron explains that the lack of orders for its A350 aircraft, which is under development, from Chinese carriers is due to the country’s (6) ______________ planning structure.“The Chinese government, as you are well aware, works on a 5-year-plan basis, and they are about to (7) ______________ the 12th 5-year-plan which runs from 2011 to 2015. The A350 deliveries that we can offer are now in the what will become the 13th 5-year-plan period.”Eric Chen, Airbus China‘s Vice President, adds that the Chinese carriers’ timid (8) _____________ to the A350 is due to its competing product, Boeing’s 787.“Several years ago, Chinese airlines ordered more than 60 Boeing 787’s and for various reasons, airlines lack this kind of courage and determination to be a launching customer for a new program again. In other words, we are buying the bill for our rivals’ dilemma and consequences.”(9) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“I don’t really understand the world ‘challenge’. Our industry is challenging. There are lots of challenges but this is not a challenge, this is a competitor. (10) __________________________________________________________________________ Beverly Wyse, Vice President of Boeing’s 737 program, says Boeing is open to work with C919’s manufacturer.“I think (11) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________”Four Chinese airlines and two aircraft leasing companies have signed agreements to purchase 100 C919’s as launching costumers.Section 3 Listening and translating （10%）Directions: In this section you are going to hear five short passages. You will hear them ONLY ONCE. In each of these passages some of the sentences are already printed. You are required to translate the missing parts into Chinese. After each of the passages there will be a pause lasting one and a half minutes. The pause is intended for you to do the translation.1)The ARJ21-700 jetliner, China’s first self-designed aircraft, will undertake itsmaiden flight before the end of the year. COMAC chairman, Zhang Qingwei says this first homegrown regional jet has aroused great interest from aviation companies at home and abroad.”I just came back from the United States and Canada. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.”2)Nine top tier US manufacturing companies won competitive contracts to buildand supply the aviation system for China‘s new aircraft program, the C919.Airport infrastructure needs are filling opportunities in the US companies as well.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3)The Deputy Chief of the China’s Civic Aviation Administration, Xia Xinghua,says more cooperation is crucial for the Chinese side. “Firstly, we need to strengthen our cooperation on sustainable security development, expanding the relationship in a pragmatic way.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________”4)The Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood said that the review would becomprehensive covering design, manufacturing and assembly of the Dreamliner.Michael Huerta of the Federal Aviation Administration said emphasis would be put on electrical systems and how these and the plane’s sophisticated mechanical systems interact._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.5)Though the tricycle arrangement may be most popular today, that was not alwaysthe case. The tail wheel undercarriage dominated aircraft design for the first four decades of flight and is still widely used on many small piston-engine planes.What makes this form of landing gear most attractive is its simplicity. Another potential advantage results from the fact that_____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension（30%）Section 1 Skimming and Scanning (10%)Directions: In this section there are 10 incomplete statements. Based on the following passage, please complete the statements with the information given in the passage.Commercial aviation is an essential component of the global economy. The cost of aviation fuel is directly determined by the prevailing world price of oil, and it accounts for a major proportion of airplane operating costs. Several airline companies now add a fuel surcharge to the ticket cost of a commercial flight to compensate for the recent rapid rise in fuel costs. World oil prices are expected to remain high for several years. The prospect of sustained high aviation fuel prices could propel airline companies to seek alternative aviation fuels. Seeking alternative fuel could become paramount（最⾼的）for the airlineindustry should the peak-oil phenomenon actually occur.Breakthroughs and ResearchIt may become possible for super-cooled liquid hydrogen（氢）to eventually be used as an alternative fuel for some types of commercial airline service. Other alternative fuels may include high-density energy-storage technologies that result from breakthroughs in research in the areas of nanotechnology(纳⽶技术) and in high-temperature superconductivity(超导性). High-temperature superconductivity holds great promise for use in high-density energy-storage technology. Advances in nanotechnology could enable superconductive materials to eventually be manufactured at a cost that could justify their application in airliner propulsion. Electrical Storage and PropulsionEnergy stored in a superconductive storage technology could power electric motors that drive the identical propulsion fans that are found at the front-end of modern, “high-bypass” turbo-fan aircraft engines. Such fans provide up to 90% of the propulsive thrust of the turbo-fan engine. Each electrically powered propulsion fan may be driven by multiple (induction) lightweight electric motors during take-off. Some electric motors would “cut-out”under reduced power demand at cruising altitude so that the remaining motors will operate at higher efficiency (electric motors have poor part-load efficiency). Coanda fans may propel subsonic commercial aircraft that use high-density electrical storage technology. Such units were originally developed by physicist Henri Coanda and can operate at comparable efficiency and at comparable flight speeds as turbine-driven propulsion fans. Electrically powered aircraft that use either turbine propulsion fans or Coanda fans could be flown in thinner air at higher altitude (up to 65,000-feet) to reduce energy consumption (less drag on aircraft) on extended flights.The cooler air found at such altitudes could assist in keeping the superconductive energy storage systems functioning properly.Superconductive energy storage systems used in future commercial aircraft would likely be cooled by liquid nitrogen(氮). Both systems would need to be frequently recharged, which would likely be both energy-intensive as well as time consuming.It may be possible to design the energy storage systems along with their cooling systems to be removed and replaced during shorts layovers—such technology could help reduce the turn-around time of the aircraft. The introduction of superconductive energy storage systems in commercial aircraft in the long-term future would require that future airport terminals be equipped with power generation technology at or near the premises.Power GenerationThe number of electrically powered and hydrogen powered road and railway vehicles would likely increase during a post peak-oil period. Commuter aircraft that operate short-haul service could be powered by ethanol(⼄醇) or by hydrogen while future supersonic aircraft could use liquid hydrogen as fuel. The commercial aviation industry of the future (post peak oil) could likely require vast amounts of electric power to recharge superconductive energy storage systems, recharge liquid nitrogen cooling systems as well as to generate, compress and supercool large amounts of hydrogen.Modern commercial aircraft are energy intensive during take-off. Airports that serve metropolitan areas presently process continual processions of large long-distance aircraft during peak periods. Such aircraft could require between 300-Mw-hr and 1000-Mw-hr of power to undertake trans-oceanic flights at subsonic speed. The power requirements of a future electrically based commercial aviation industry could likely overwhelm the power generation industry of most developed nations. Major international airports may eventually need to generate electric power on-site to meet the energy needs of future fleets of electrically powered and hydrogen-fueled commercial aircraft. Airport power stations may be nuclear; use hydrogen fusion or be based on some other unconventional power generation technology that is still subject to research.Energy StorageThe ability to store large amounts of energy at or near major airports could gain importance during a post peak-oil period. Electric power could be purchased from the grid during their off-peak periods and put into short-term storage. Airport power stations that encounter off-peak periods could replenish(装满) airport energy storage systems that may include superconductive storage, flow batteries, hydraulic storage in hydroelectric dams in nearby mountains (coastal airports) or off-site pneumatic storage (subterranean salt domes that were emptied). Air that is exhausted from pneumatic storage systems may be sufficiently cold to assist in “replenishing” liquid nitrogen super-cooling systems.Power Regulation (Airports)Power stations that provide energy for air transportation use may have to be excluded from the regulatory framework. Most of the electrically powered airliners that will be recharged would be “foreign”owned, that is, the owners would be domiciled in adifferent jurisdiction(司法权) to where the aircraft would be recharged. The idea of regulators in one jurisdiction looking after the interests of parties who live, do business and pay taxes in another jurisdiction is quite ludicrous. Power stations that supply a future airline industry with electric power would need to be regulatory-free despite the “foreign”airline owners being “captive”customers. It would be possible for power to be supplied to a single airport by several small providers who compete against each other. Power providers and airline companies could negotiate deals, perhaps even on a daily basis. ConclusionFuture scientific breakthroughs are likely to occur in both nanotechnology and in superconductivity. High-density energy storage technologies could be the likely result and appear in the distant future. Electrically powered commercial aircraft that fly at subsonic speeds could appear in the future irrespective of whether or not peak-oil actually occurs. Alternative liquid fuels that are cost-competitive to fossil oil are also likely to appear and find applications in aviation. Large ground-effect aircraft （地效飞⾏器）that fly above water and that carry either passengers or freight between coastal cities are also likely appear in the future.1.The prospect of sustained high aviation fuel prices could propel airline companiesto seek _______________________.2.Breakthroughs in nanotechnology could enable _______________________ to beavailable in their application in airliner propulsion.3.Coanda fans were first developed by _______________________ .4._______________________ could be used to cool superconductive energystorage system used in future commercial aircraft.5._______________________, which operates short-haul service, could be poweredby ethanol(⼄醇) or by hydrogen.6.Future airport power stations may be_______________________; use hydrogenfusion or be based on some other unconventional power generation technology. 7.During a post peak-oil period, the ability to_______________________ at or nearmajor airports could gain importance.8.Power stations that provide energy for air transportation use are likely to be_______________________ from the regulatory framework.9.Electrically powered commercial aircraft that fly at _______________________speeds could appear in the future.10.Aircrafts flying above water and carrying either passengers or freight betweencoastal cities are called _______________________.Section 2 Reading Comprehension (10%)Directions: The following passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the best answer from the four choices.Living standards have soared during the twentieth century, and economists expect them to continue rising in the decades ahead. Does that mean that we humans can look forward to increasing Happiness?Not necessarily, warns Richard A. Easterlin, an economist at the University of Southern California, in his new book, Growth Triumphant: The Twenty-first Century in Historical Perspective. Easterlin concedes that richer people are more likely to report themselves as being happy than poorer people are. But steady improvements in the American economy have not been accompanied by steady increases in people’s self-assessments of their own Happiness.The explanation for this paradox(悖论) may be that people become less satisfied over time with a given level of income. In Easterlin’s word: “As incomes rise, the aspiration level does too, and the effect of this increase in aspirations is to vitiate (破坏) the expected growth in Happiness due to higher income.”Money can buy Happiness, Easterlin seems to be saying, but only if one’s amounts get bigger and other people aren’t getting more. His analysis helps to explain sociologist Lee Rainwater’s finding that Americans’perception of the income “necessary to get along” rose between 1950 and 1986 in the same proportion as actual per capita income. We feel rich if we have more than our neighbors, poor if we have less, and feeling relatively well-off is equated with being happy.Easterlin’s findings, challenge psychologist Abraham Maslow’s “hierarchy(等级) of wants” as a reliable guide to future human motivation. Maslow suggested that as people’s basic material wants are satisfied they seek to achieve nonmaterial or spiritual goals. But Easterlin’s evidence points to the persistence of materialism.“Despite a general level of affluence never before realized in the history of the world.” Easterlin observes, “Material concerns in the wealthiest nations today are as pressing as ever and the pursuit of material need as intense.” The evidence suggests there is no evolution toward higher order goals. Rather, each step upward on the ladder of economic development merely stimulates new economic desires that lead the chase ever onward.Needs are limited, but not greeds. Science has developed no cure for envy, so our wealth boosts our Happiness only briefly while shrinking that of our neighbors. Thus the outlook for the future is gloomy in Easterlin’s view. “The triumph of economic growth is not a triumph of humanity over material wants; rather, it is the triumph of material wants over humanity.”1.What does Easterlin warn in his new book?A)Humans can look forward to increasing happiness with soaring livingstandards.B)Humans might not be able to enjoy increasing happiness with soaring livingstandards.C)Richer people tend to report themselves as being happy more than poorerpeople do.D)Richer people tend to report themselves as being happy less than poorerpeople do.2.Which of the following statements may account for the paradox(悖论) mentionedin paragraph 3?A)People become less satisfied though the income rises over time.B)A general level of affluence never before realized in the history of the world.C)Though the American economy improved steadily, there isn’t a steadyincrease in people’s self-assessments of their own happiness.D)As incomes rise, there will be an increase in the aspiration level, which willhamper the expected growth in Happiness due to higher income.3.Whose finding is against the theory of “Hierarchy of wants”?A)Easterlin’s B) Maslow’s C) Rainwater’s D) Lee’s4.According to Easterlin, the outlook of the future of happiness is ________.A)bright B) sad C) unclear D) thrilling5.From the quotation in the end of the passage (paragraph 7), we can infer that___________?A)The triumph of economic growth results in more humanity.B)The triumph of economic growth results in more material wants.C)Humanity contributes more to the triumph of economic growth.D)Material wants contributes more to the triumph of economic growth.Section 3 Short Answer Questions (10%)Directions: Read the following passage and then answer the questions. The answer should not be more than 25 words.The maximum allowable weight for an aircraft is determined by design considerations. However, the maximum operational weight may be less than the maximum allowable weight due to such considerations as high-density altitude or high-drag field conditions caused by wet grass or water on the runway. The maximum operational weight may also be limited by the departure or arrival airport’s runway length.One important preflight consideration is the distribution of the load in the aircraft. Loading the aircraft so the gross weight is less than the maximum allowable is not enough. This weight must be distributed to keep the center of gravity (CG) within the limits specified in the POH or AFM.If the CG is too far forward, a heavy passenger can be moved to one of the rear seats or baggage can be shifted to a rear compartment. If the CG is too far aft, passenger weight or baggage can be shifted forward. The fuel load should be balanced laterally: the pilot should pay special attention to the POH or AFM regarding the operation of the fuel system, in order to keep the aircraft balanced in flight. Weight and balance of a helicopter is far more critical than for an airplane. With some helicopters, they may be properly loaded for takeoff, but near the end of a long flight when the fuel tanks are almost empty, the CG may have shifted enough for the helicopter to be out of balance laterally or longitudinally. Before making any long flight, the CG with the fuel available for landing must be checked to ensure it will be within the allowable range.Changes of fixed equipment may have a major effect upon the weight of the aircraft. The replacement of older, heavy electronic equipment with newer, lightertypes results in a weight reduction, which will probably cause the CG to shift and must be computed and annotated in the weight and balance record.Repairs and alteration are the major sources of weight changes. The A&P mechanic must compute the CG and record the new empty weight and EWCG in the aircraft weight and balance record.The A&P mechanic or repairman conducting an annual or condition inspection must ensure the weight and balance data in the aircraft records is current and accurate. It is the responsibility of the pilot in command to use the most current weight and balance data when operating the aircraft.Questions:1.What conditions might cause the operational weight of a plane to be less than themaximum allowable weight?2.What should be done if the CG is too far aft in an aircraft?3.Why is the weight and balance for a helicopter far more critical than for anairplane?4.According to the passage, what might lead to weight changes and cause the CG toshift in an aircraft?5.Who are responsible for recording and using the most current and accurate data ofthe weight and balance?Part III Translation (15%)Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (10%)Direction: In this section there are two passages in English. Please read these passages and translate the underlined parts into Chinese.Passage 1The airplane propeller consists of two or more blades and a central hub to which the blades are attached. 1) Each blade of an airplane propeller is essentially a rotating wing. As a result of their construction, the propeller blades are like airfoils and produce forces that create the thrust to pull, or push, the airplane through the air.The power needed to rotate the propeller blades is furnished by the engine. The engine rotates the airfoils of the blades through the air at high speeds, and the propeller transforms the rotary power of the engine into forward thrust.2) An airplane moving through the air creates a drag force opposing its forward motion. Consequently, if an airplane is to fly, there must be a force applied to it that is equal to the drag, but acting forward. This force is called “thrust.”Passage 2Aircraft flight control systems are classified as primary and secondary. 3) The primary control systems consist of those that are required to safely control an airplane during flight. Secondary control systems improve the performance characteristics of the airplane, or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Those included in the primary control systems are the ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder. Examples of secondary control systems are wing flaps and trim systems.Airplane control systems are carefully designed to provide a natural feel, and at the same time, allow adequate responsiveness to control inputs. 4) At low airspeeds, the controls usually feel soft and sluggish, and the airplane responds slowly to controlapplications. At high speeds, the controls feel firm and the response is more rapid.Movement of any of the three primary flight control surfaces changes the airflow and pressure distribution over and around the airfoil. These changes affect the lift and drag produced by the airfoil/control surface combination, and allow a pilot to control the airplane about its three axes of rotation.Design features limit the amount of deflection of flight control surfaces. For example, control-stop mechanisms may be incorporated into the flight controls, or movement of the control column and/or rudder pedals may be limited. The purpose of these design limits is to prevent the pilot from inadvertently overcontrolling and overstressing the aircraft during normal maneuvers.5) A properly designed airplane should be stable and easily controlled during maneuvering. Control surface inputs cause movement about the three axes of rotation. The types of stability an airplane exhibits also relate to the three axes of rotation. Section 2 Chinese-English Translation (5%)Direction: In this section there are five sentences in Chinese. Please translate them into English.1.太阳能动⼒飞机的平均飞⾏时速为70公⾥，暂时不会对商⽤飞机构成威胁。
西宁2024年03版小学六年级上册O卷英语第六单元真题(含答案)
西宁2024年03版小学六年级上册英语第六单元真题(含答案)考试时间：80分钟（总分:100）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 选择题：How many players are there in a rugby team?A. 11B. 13C. 15D. 17答案: C2. 填空题：The __________ is a large lake located in East Africa. (维多利亚湖)3. 填空题：Do you have any _____ (室内植物) at home?4. 填空题：My __________ (玩具名) is my favorite __________ (名词) when I travel.5. 听力题：Space shuttles were used to transport astronauts to and from _______.6. 选择题：What do we call the layer of air surrounding the Earth?A. AtmosphereB. LithosphereC. HydrosphereD. Biosphere答案: A. Atmosphere7. 选择题：What color is the sky?天空是什么颜色的？A. RedB. BlueC. GreenD. Yellow答案: B8. 填空题：My favorite type of music is _______ (流行音乐).9. 填空题：The __________ (历史的交融) illustrates unity.10. n Wall separated East and West ________. 填空题：The Berl11. 听力题：We have a ______ in our garden. (fountain)12. 填空题：I love to drink __________ on a cold day. (热饮)13. 填空题：We visit the ______ (科学中心) to explore new ideas.14. 听力题：A process that separates a mixture into its components is called ______.15. 选择题：What do you call a person who travels in space?A. AstronautB. CosmonautC. SpacewalkerD. All of the above16. 听力题：I like to ___ (skate/ski) in winter.17. 听力题：A nonrenewable resource is one that cannot be ______ quickly.18. 填空题：A __________ (反应) can be reversible or irreversible.19. 听力题：I like to _______ (explore) new places.What do you call the act of showing gratitude?A. ThankingB. AcknowledgingC. RecognizingD. Appreciating答案: A21. 填空题：I like to play ________ (视频游戏) with friends.22. 选择题：What is the capital city of Singapore?a. Singaporeb. Jakartac. Kuala Lumpurd. Bangkok答案:a23. 听力题：We go to school _____ (in/on) the morning.24. 选择题：What is the term for a baby horse?A. ColtB. FoalC. FillyD. All of the above答案:D25. 选择题：Which word means "to make something clean"?A. DirtyB. CleanC. WashD. Messy26. 选择题：Which fruit is yellow and curved?a. Appleb. Bananac. Oranged. Pear答案:BThis game is very _______ (有趣).28. 填空题：I love wearing my __________ when it snows. (厚外套)29. 听力题：My sister loves to ________.30. 听力题：The boiling point of water at sea level is ______ degrees Celsius.31. 听力题：The _____ (cabbage) is fresh.32. 选择题：What do you call a place where animals are kept for people to see?A. FarmB. ZooC. ParkD. Aquarium答案:B33. 听力题：The chemical formula for calcium phosphate is _______.34. 听力题：The process of ______ occurs when materials are transported by water.35. 填空题：The _____ (小鸡) pecks at the ground looking for food. 小鸡啄着地面寻找食物。
新世纪民航乘务英语听力教材教师用书(中级)
Lesson oneSection OneStatements 1Directions: In this part you will hear a short statement. Listen carefully to understand what the speaker says. Then read the four words in your workbook, marked a, b, c and d, and tick the word which the speaker uses in the statement you have heard.1. The cook is mixing flour and water with eggs and sugar.a.floorb.flowerc.flourd.flow2. The classroom is clean and the students are quiet.a. quiteb.quietc.quiltd.quit3.The driver was fined $30, because he violated the traffic regulations.a.findb.foundc.fined.fined4. I lack words with which to express my thanks.a.likeb.luckckd.let5. The price of computers have been rising in the latter half of the year.tertterc.letterd.little6. The two towns are connected by a railway.a. correctedb.collectedc. contactedd.connected7. There was a sudden joIt and I fell down and hurt myself.a.fellb. fillc. feeld.fail8. Helen has got the meal ready to serve the passengers.a.mealb. maille9. The fog is very thick today. I cannot see anything clearly.a.sickb.tickc.seekd. thick10.People breathe more slowly when they are asleep.a.breezeb.breathec.breathd.breastSection ThreeConversationsDirections: In this part you will hear a short conversation followed by a question about the conversation.You must choose the most appropriate answer from the four choices marked a,b,c and d.1. M: You have made such progress in speaking English. Do youattend any English class?W: Yes, I take lessons twice a week, but from next week on, I'll go to the class on Saturday evenings, too.Q: How often will the woman have English lessons from next week on?a. Once a week.b.Twice a week.c. Three times a week.d. Four times a week.2. M:What's the time for departure?W:5:30. That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through the Customs and check our baggage.Q:At what time did the conversation take place?a.5:00.b.5:15.c.5:30.d.5:45.3. M:Have you seen our purser?W: No, I haven't seen her since the day before yesterday.Q:When did she last see the purser?a. Yesterday.b. Three days ago.c. Two days ago.d. Early last week.4. M:The football match started 25 minutes ago.W: Really? Oh, it's 9:50.Q:When did the football match start?a.9:50.b.9:25.c.8:55.d. 10:15.5. W:When can the captain see me?M:He won't be free until tomorrow.Q:What does the man mean?a. The captain won't see her tomorrow.b. The captain is busy tomorrow.c. The captain is busy all day today.d.The captain will see her today.6. W:Where have you been? It's 9 o'clock now. The play started 45 minutes ago.M:I'm sorry. I got lost.Q:When did the play begin?a. 8:45.b.9:00.c. 8:15.d. 9:15.7. W:When will you be ready to fix the engines of the plane?M: I've already fixed it.Q: What does the man mean?a.He will be able to fix it.b. He has fixed it.c. He is not able to fix it.d.He will fixit soon.8. M: When will our flight arrive in Paris?W: Well, now it's just eight. We can make it in about two hours,I think.Q: What time will they arrive in Paris?a. At about ten o'clock.b. At about ten to ten.c. At about nine o'clock.d.At about six o'clock.9. W:When is the library open on Sunday?M:From 8 am to 7 pm.Q:How long is the library open?a.8 hours.b. 8 o'clock.c. 11 hours.d. 11 o'clock.10. M:Are you catching the 12:15 flight to Shanghai?W:Yes. I ordered a taxi for 11:30. It'll be here in 15 minutes.Q:What is the time now?a.11:15.b.11:30.c.11:45.d.12:15.11.W: Did you meet Dad at the airport?M:Yes.The plane was due at 7:15, but it was delayed a quarter of an hour.Q:When did the plane arrive?a. The plane arrived at 8:15.b.The plane arrived at 7:00.c. The plane arrived at 7:15.d. The plane arrived at 7:30.12. M: Can you tell me the time?W: My watch says 9:30, but I always set it 10 minutes ahead.Q:What time is it now?a. It is 9:30.b. It was 9:30 when I set my watch.c. It is 9:20.d. I set my watch thirty minutes ahead.13.M: We have to hurry if we hope not to miss the beginning of the film. It's already 7:35.W: Well, it takes only 15 minutes to get to the movies and the filmdoesn't beginuntil 7:55.Q: What time will the couple get to the movies if they leave immediately?a.At 7:35.b.At 7:45.c. At 7:50.d.At 7:55.14. W:Has George returned from China yet?M:Yes,but he was only here for three days before his company sent him to Canada.Q:Where is George now?a.China.b.Here.c. Canada.d. California.15. M: I wonder if John will be here by 8:00. He's supposed to be. W:His wife said he left at 7:30. So he should be here by 8:15 at the latest.Q:What time is John supposed to arrive?a. 7:30.b.8:00.c. 8:50.d.8:15.16. M:I've heard Baker is leaving for New York City at 9:30 on Sunday. I'll see him off at the airport.W:Well,no.He's postponed two days and two hours because he couldn't get a seat on Sundays.Q:When is Baker leaving?a. 9:30 on Sunday.b. 11:30 on Monday.c. 9:30 on Tuesday.d. 11:30 on Tuesday.17. M: I was at the entrance of the station at 3:00. How did I fail to meet you?W: I got there at 2:50 and stayed for a while. But I thought I left before you got there. Q:When did the woman probably leave the station?a. At 2:50.b. Before 3:00.c. At 3:00.d. After 3:00.18. W:Hi,Jack. Delighted to meet you.I guess you've been busy these days.When is the graduation party?M: May 20th, that is in ten days. I hope you can come to it,if you are still here.Q:What is the date when the conversation takes place?a. May 20th.b.May 10th.c. May 30th.d.May 11th.19. M: My watch is out of battery. What's the time by your watch? W: My watch says it's 9:35, but it is 7 minutes ahead.Q: What's the correct time now?a. It's 9:28.b. It's 9:35.c. It's 9:42.d. It's 9:07.20. W: Why don't plan to leave your home at 7:15? And I'll try to be there at 7:30.M: That may be a little late if we want to be sure of getting good seats. I think I'd rather leave here at seven.Q:At what time will the man probably meet the woman?a. 6:45.b. 7:00.c. 7:15.d.7:30.b. Section Fourc. Passagesd. Directionst In this section, you will hear 15 questions in 3passages ,At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions, Then you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a,b,c and d.e. Passage 1f. Questions 1 to 5 are based on passage 1.g. Waves are beautiful to look at, but they can destroy ships at sea,as well as houses and buildings near the shore, What causes waves? Most waves are caused by winds blowing over the surface of the water. The sun heats the earth, causing the air to rise and the winds to blow, The winds blow across the sea, pushing little waves into bigger and bigger ones, The size of a wave depends on how strong the wind is, how long it blows, and how large the body of water is, In a small bay big waves never build up. But at sea the wind can build up giant powerful waves, h. A rule says that the height of a wave (in meters) will usually beno more than one-tenth of the wind's speed (in kilometers), In other words, when the wind is blowing at 200 kilometers per hour, most waves will be about 20 meters, Of course, some waves may combine to form giant waves that are much higher. In 1933, theUnited States Navy reported the largest measured wave in history. It rose in the Pacific Ocean to a height of 34 meters,i. 1. What caused waves?j. a. High temperature,k. b.Phases of the moon.l. c.The earth's movement.m. d.Winds blowing over the surface of the water.n. 2. What factor is not mentioned in the size of a wave?o. a.How high the temperature of water is.p. b.How strong the wind is.q. c,How large the body of water is.r. d,How long the wind blows,s. 3. What does a rule say about the height of a wave?t. a. It is usually no more than one eighth of the wind's speed in kilometer.u. b.It is usually no more than one twelfth of the wind's speed in kilometer.v. c. It is usually no more than one tenth of the wind's speed in kilometer.w. d. It is usually no more than one twentieth of the wind's speed in kilometer.x. 4. Which of the following is true?y. a. Waves are beautiful to look at, but they can destroy ships at sea and houses and buildings near the shore.z. b. Waves are beautiful to look at, and they cannot destroy ships at sea.aa. c. Waves are beautiful to look at, but they can destroy ships at sea only.bb. d. None of the above.cc. 5, Which of the following is true?dd. a. Big waves can also build up in a small bay.ee. b. Big waves never build up in a small bay.ff. c. Both a and b.gg. d. None of the above.hh. Passage 2ii. Questions 6 to 10 are based on passage 2.jj. For centuries historians and scientists have been searching for the oldest living things. Some turtle live more than a century. But the oldest living things we know are trees,kk. T here are several types of long-living trees in California which have existed for about 3 000 years. Many of them are still healthy and may live to be the oldest things living on earth. For a long time they were thought to be the oldest, but recently a type of pine was found in California. It showed 4 600 rings. This tells usthat the tree is 4 600 years old.ll. Scientists are searching for the oldest tree alive because it can teach them a great deal about many matters. It will tell them about the climate during the past thousands of years. Also, the amount of rainfall each year is told by the size of each ring. mm. 6. What's this passage about?nn. a. Trees. b. Historian. c. Turtle. d. The old living things.oo. 7. What shows a tree's history?pp. a. Height. b. Leaves. c. Rings. d. Roots.qq. 8. What does the size of each ring tell us?rr. a. The type of tree.ss. b. The amount of sun for a given year.tt. c. Whether a tree is living or dead.uu. d. The amount of rainfall each year.vv. 9. What is the oldest living thing?ww. a. Turtles. b. Trees. c. A type of pine. d. None of the above. xx. 10. Why are the scientists searching for the oldest trees alive? yy. a. Because they can teach them a great deal about many matters. zz. b. Because they will tell them about the climate during the past thousands of years.aaa. c. Because they can tell them the amount of rainfall each year. bbb. d. All of the above.ccc. Passage 3ddd. Questions 11 to 15 are based on passage 3.eee. And now here's the weather forecast for the next twenty-four hours for the whole of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Starting with Southern England and the Midlands, it'll be mainly dry and sunny, but quite cold, with temperatures around six or seven degrees Celsius. It should stay dry all day, but there'll be quite a wind, so wrap up warm.fff. And the west country, Wales and Northern Ireland. You can expect some rain in the morning and afternoon and quite strong north easterly winds, and the temperature will be lower than yesterday, around the three or four degrees mark. I don't think you'll see much of the sun: cloudy all day, I'm afraid. The East coast of England will see the best of today's weather. It'll be warmer than yesterday, no winds, and sunshine, so quite warm for the time of year.ggg. In Scotland and Northern Ireland, however, there'll be heavy rain and maybe some snow during the afternoon, and on the hills temperatures will drop to below freezing, minus four or five, and on the highest spots minus ten. Over much of Scotland it will be cloudy, and windy too as the cold front moves in over the Atlantic.Northern Ireland can expect the same, but the rain will end beforethe dark. But again very cold, with temperatures not going above freezing. And that's all from me.hhh. 11.What does the speaker suggest the people in Southern England and Midlands do?iii. a. To put on more clothes.jjj. b. Don't wear too much.kkk. c. To go for an outing.lll. d. To stay at home.mmm. 12.Which place has quite strong north and easterly wind? nnn. a. Scotland.ooo. b. Midlands.ppp. c. Wales and Northern Ireland.qqq. d. East coast of England.rrr. 13. Which part of the country has got the best weather?sss. a.Scotland.ttt. b. Midlands.uuu. c. Wales and Northern Ireland.vvv. d.East coast of England.www. 14. What is the lowest temperature on the hills of Scotland and Northern Ireland?xxx. a. Six degrees Celsius.yyy. b. Three degrees above zero.zzz. c. Four degrees below freezing.aaaa. d. Minus ten degrees.bbbb. 15.Why will the weather be cloudy and windy over much of Scotland?cccc. a. Because the warm front moves in over the Atlantic. dddd. b. Because the cold front moves in over the Atlantic.eeee. c. Because the warm front moves in over the Pacific.ffff. d.Because the cold front moves in over the Pacific.gggg.。
大学科技英语课文例句和课后部分答案
1.把激光射束射向地球Laser beams are emitted at the moon2.这个模型描述了原子的情况This model is descriptive of the behavior of an atom3.那位教授将做有关移动通讯方面的讲座That professor will deliver a lecture on mobile communication4.她给本科生上C++程序设计语言课She gives undergraduates lessons in the C++programming language5.这些学生在做物理实验These students are making an experiment in physics6.他们在做电学实验They are doing an experiment on electricity7.该教授对沃氏函数的研究起了重要作用The professor has played an important role in the research on the Walsh Functions8.无线电波朝四面八方传播Radio waves travel in all directions9.为此，我们必须在负载两端接一个电容器For this purpose,we must connect a capacitor across the load10.在这个温度上该金属就会融化At this temperature the metai will melt11.该专家将在会议上宣读一篇重要的学术论文The expert will read an important academic paper at the conference12.速度等于距离与时间之比Speed is the ratio of distance to time13.太阳离地球的距离是很远的The distance of the sun from the earth is very great14.温度对金属导电率的影响是很小的The effect of temperature on conductivity of metals is small15.本节论述晶体管与电子管相比的优点This section deals with the advantages of transistors over electron tubes16.重力加速度随纬度的变化，部分原因是由于地球的自转The variation of g with latitude is due in part to the earth’s rotation17.Y对x的依从关系用y=f(x)表示The dependence of y on x is expressed by y=f(x)18.人们用椭圆来描述行星绕太阳的运行情况Ellipses are used to describe the motions of the planets around the sun19.我们讨论了电流通过酸碱盐溶液的情况We have discussed the passage of an electric current through liquid solutions of acids,bases,and salts20.物体对净力F的影响就是正比于F的加速度a The response of a body to a net force F is an acceleration a proportional to F21.把式（4）与式（6）相比较，我们就能的得到一下几个关系式A comparison of Eq.(4)with Eq.(6)Leads to the following relations22.我们可以把一个力分解成x和y分量The resolution force into x and y components is possible23.应避免使人体接触有潜在毒性的物质Exposure of the body to potentially toxic substances should be avoided24.这些特殊问题是有把原子能用作为能源而产生的These special problems arise from the use of atomic energy as a source of power25.把电流定义为电荷的运动对我们大家都是熟悉的The definition of an electric current as the flow of electric charge is familiar to all of us26.哥伦布发现美洲是在哪一天What is the date of the discovery of America by Columbus27.爱因斯坦确立了相对论是20世纪最重要的事件之一The formation of the theory of relativity by Einstein is one of the most significant events of the 20th century 28.门捷列夫于1869年发现了周期表使人们有了计算原子质量的另一种方法The discovery of the periodic table by Mendeleev in 1869 suggested another way of estimating atomic masses29.这个工厂和那个一样大The factory is as large as that one30.铜的导电能力几乎和银一样好Copper conducts electricity almost as well as silver31.这台计算机的体积是一台打印机的3倍The size of this computer is there times as large as that of a typewriter32.那根导线长达100米That wire is as long as 100meters33.这根导线不如那根长This wire is not as long as that one(is)34.这台计算机的性能不如那台好This computer dose not work so well as that one35.导线越长，电阻越大The longer the wire ,the greater the resistance36.电压越大，电流就越大The greater the voltage,the larger the current37.电流越大，在导线中产生的热量就越多The larger the current,the more heat will be produced in the wire38.你学习越努力，你的进步就会越大The harder you study ,the greater progress you will make39.在无线电接收机中，一部分功率转变成了声波In a radio receiver,some power is converted to song waves40.绝缘体可以被用在导体之间来防止电流在他们之间流动Insulators may be used between conductors in order to prevent the flow of electric current between them41.把理论应用于实践是非常重要的To apply theory to practice is very important42.制作这样的电感器需要许多这样的线匝和铁芯To construct such inductors requires many turns of wire and iron cores43.现在能够把太阳光直接转变成电It is now possible to convert sunlight directly into electricity44.我们似乎能求出这个电流It seems possible to find out this current45.操作这台机器并不是件容易的事It is not an easy job to operate this machine46.做实验是极为重要的It is of great importance to make experiments47.解这个方程将要花费我们许多时间It will take us a lot of time to solve this equation48.我们发现用弧度而不是用度数表示角度是比较方便的It is found convenient to express angles in radians rather than in degrees49.当电流流过电路时，要损耗掉一部分能量Flowing through a circuit,the current will lose part of its energy50.若已知电流和电阻，我们就能求出电压Given current and resistance,we can find out voltage51.由于铜具有大量的自由电子，所以它是良导体Having a large number of free electrons,copper is a good conductor52.若用公式表示的话，电路中的电压，电流，电阻之间的关系可写成V=IR Expressed in a formula,the relationship between voltage,current and resistance in a circuit can be written as V=IR53.由于铜是电的良导体，所以被广泛的用在电工技术中Being a good conductor of electricity,copper is widely used in electrical engineering54.银是最好的导体，其次是铜Silver is the best conductor,followed by copper55.Σ是希腊字母“西格玛”，它的意思是“...之和”Σis the Greek letter sigma,meaning“the sum of”56.当机车拉着火车跑时，它就会做功A locomotive does work while pulling a moving train57.将物体置于水中，就会感觉到他比较轻When placed in water,everything will be found lighter58.这一设备，如果设计得当就可以用无线电控制This device,properly designed,can be controlled by radio59.当把雷达信号发向月球时，由于月球是固体，所以能反射信号When radar signals are sent to the moon,the moon,being solid,reflects them60.若该电流发生变化，磁场也将变化This current changing,the magnetic field will change as well61.若其他情况相同，电阻将正比于导体的长度Other things being equal,the resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor62.当阳光照在光电电池上时，该设备就会自动工作起来The sunlight falling upon photo-electric cells,the device will automatically go into operation63.由于原子很小，所以我们看不见它们Atoms being extremely small,we cannot see them64.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银为最好Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best65.每当导体内的电流发生变化时就会在到体内感应出一个电动势，因而这种电动势就成为自感电动势Whenever there is a change of current in a conductor,an emf is induced in the conductor,thus this kind of emf being called a self-induced emf 66.银在金属中电阻率最低，而铜的电阻率比他高不了很多Silver has the smallest resistivity of any metal,with that of copper not much greater67.若电路中没有电阻，电流就会无限增大With no resistance in the circuit,the current would increase forever68.我们周围的一切东西均是物质这一事实是大家都知道的The fact that everything around us is matter is known to all P（127）69.在这种情况下，该函数必须存在这一条件并没有满足In this case ,the condition that the function must exist is not satisfied70.等式只是某个量等于另一个量的一种陈述An equation is simply a statement that a certain quantity ia equal to another one71.欧姆观察到这一事实：如果电压保持不变，则电阻越大，电流就越小Ohm observed the fact that if the voltage remains the same,the greater the resistance,the smaller the current72.质子和电子之间所观察到的作用力，就导致了大家所熟悉的说法;同种电荷相互排斥，一中电荷相互吸引The observed forces between protons and electrons then lead to the familiar statement that like charges repel one another,unlike charges attract one another73.这些实验用来证实吉尔伯特的结论：电荷有两种There experiments serve to confirm Gilbert's conclusion that there are two kinds of electric charge74.电子学的诞生，是从发现了真空二极管中的电流，可以通过引入第三个电极来加以控制这个时候算起的The advent of electronics is reckoned from the discovery that the current in a vacuum diode can be controlled by introducing a third electrode75.十九世纪科学上最显著的成就之一是人们认识到了光是由电磁波构成的Among the most noteworthy achievements of 19th century science was the realization that light consist of electromagnetic waves76.现在人们越来越认识到这些技术在诸如控制系统和仪表测量这样的领域中也是很有价值的There is a growing awareness that these techniques are also of value in such areas as system control and instrumentation77.这两个带电球之间的斥力表明具有同种电荷的物体相互排斥The repulsion between these two charged balls is evidence that bodies having like charges repel each other78.由图2可以看出这一现象与反射有关That this phenomenon has connection with reflection may be seen from Fig.2 P（137）79.每个电路的工作原理在这一章进行了详细的讨论How each circuit works is discussed in detail in this chapter80.我们用哪个式子，将取决于在题目中给出了那些数据Which equation we want to use will depend on what data we have been given in a problem81.我们可以用计算机解决这些复杂的题目It is possible that we use a computer to solve these complicated problems82.有趣的是，每个函数均可用一些简单函数来近似It is interesting that every function can be approximated by simply functions83.那个问题是如何解决的还是个谜It is a mystery how the problem was solved84.众所周知我们周围的一切东西均为物质It is known that everything around us is matter85.在很久以前人们就发现电流的方向与电子的方向相反It was found long ago that the direction of the current is just opposite to that of the electron flow86.我们已经知道接收到的信号一般是很微弱的，其通常的功率约为几皮瓦It has been known that the signal received is generally quite weak,powers of the order of picowatts being common87.尚不了解有那些因素决定这种灯丝的尺寸It is not yet understood which factors determine the size of filaments of this kind88.我们无法预言这种现象何时发生It cannot be predicted when this phenomenon will take place89.朝哪个方向运用NPN晶体管基本上是没什么区别的It does not basically make any difference in which direction an NPN transistor is operated90.我们知道磁场能对电流施加一个力We have known that a magnetic field is able to exert a force on an electric current91.我们可以说物体的能量就是物体做功的能力One may say that the energy of a body is the ability of that body to do work92.我们往往想要知道这一误差是否可以忽略不计We often want to know whether this error may be neglected93.事实是无线电波的传播速度和光速一样The fact is that radio waves travel as fast as light dose94.其结果将是在导线两端之间将会存在这种电位差The result will be that this potential difference will exist between the ends of the conductor95.温度是与物体的体积无关的一种物质性质Temperature is a property of the body not concerned with how large the body is96.上面所讲的就是欧姆定律What has been described is Ohm's law97.我们能够学会我们原来不懂的东西We can learn what we did not know98.计算机能够做人们告诉它要做的事A computer can do what it has been told to do99.发电机的功能是把机械能转换成电能What a generator dose is convert mechanical energy into electrical energy100.作用在载流导线上的磁力就是使电机工作的力The magnetic force on current-carrying wires is what makes electric motors work101.我们想要获得对于A、B两点之间所发生的情况的详细描述We wish a detailed picture of what happens between points A and B102.所得到的是同样的那些表达式What result are the same expressions103.这个能量就是给自感电动势供能的能量This energy is what powers the self-induced emf104.众所周知（的是）光是一种电磁波What is well know is that light is a kind of electromagnetic wave105.这就是我们通常所说的力This is what we call a force106.电子计算机能懂得所谓的机器语言The electronic computer is able to understand what is known as the machine language107.电流随所谓的电阻变化Current changes with what is described as resistance 108.反射回来的那部分电流形成了所谓的回波信号The reflected portion of waves forms what is referred to as the echo signal109.存在有许多自由电子的物质被称为导体The substance in which there are many free electrons is called a conductor110.电流流过的闭合通道被称为电路The close path though which current flows is referred to as the electric circuit111.电动机是把电能转换成机械能的一种机器An electric motor is a machine by which electric energy is chang into mechanical energy112.存储电荷的器件称为电容器The devices on which charges are stored are called capacitors113.光传播的速度是极快的The spend at which light travels is extremely great 114.用来把热能转换成功的任何机械装置均称为热机Any mechanical device by means of which heat is converted into work is called a heat engine115.惯性是物质的一种特性，由于这种特性，要使物体加速就必须对该物体施加一个力Inertia is that property because of which a force must be exerted on a body in order to accelerate it116.正如标题所示本章论述数字计算机的原理As the title indicates,this chapter deals with the principles of digital computers117.我们知道,电子是微小的负电荷Electrons,as one knows,are minute negative charges of electricity118.我们已讲过晶体管是电流控制器件As has been described,transistors are current-control devices119.晶体管体积小效率高这是大家所熟知的Transistors are small & efficient,as is well known to us120.顾名思义流体是一种容易流动的物质Fluid,as the name shows,is a substance that flows readily121.一根导线可用作为天线A wire can serve as an antenna122.作为通讯工具，卫星是最先进的As a means of communication,a satellite is the most advanced123.能量被定义为物体做功的能力Energy is defined as the ability of a body to do work124.我们把g这个量定义为重力加速度We refer to the quantity g as gravity125.一个常数无论有多大，均不可能称为无穷大A constant number,no matter how large it may be,is never spoken of as infinite126.把能量定义为物体做功的能力是合理的The definition of energy as the ability of a body to do work is reasonable127.当电流流动时电池的能量就给电阻消耗了As the current flows,energy from the battery goes to the resistance128.两物体间的万有引力,随他们之间的距离的增加而减弱The force of gravitational attraction between two bodies decreases as the distance between them increases129.由于空气有重量所以它对处于其中的任何物体均要施加一个力As air has weight,it exerts force on any object immersed in it130.电子绕原子核旋转，就像行星绕太阳运行一样Electrons move round the nucleus just as the planets moves round the sun131.这台计算机与那台一样重This computer is as heavy as that one(is)132.原子虽小,却是由一些更小的单元组成Small as they are,atoms are made up of still smaller units133.正如早已证明的那样，若使负的各项变为正，该级数就发散If the negative terms are made positive the series becomes divergent,as has been shown already 134.我们必须记住用以表示化学元素的那些符号We must remember such symbols as are used to represent chemical elements135.我们也可以用计算机解这道题A computer can be used as well to solve this problem136.我们能求出流过这个电阻的电流及两端的电压It is possible to find out the current through this resistor as well as the voltage across it137. 这台计算机的工作性能与那台一样好This computer works as well as that one dose138.数学是一种非常有用的工具，因此它广泛用在工程的各个领域之中Mathematics is a very useful tool.As a result,it is widely used in various fields of engineering139.只要外加电压保持不变在电路中流动的电流与该电路中的电阻成反比The current flowing in a circuit is inversely proportional to the resistance in the circuit as long as the applied voltage remains constant140.若地面没有摩擦，就不可能停止任何物体的运动Were there no friction on the ground,it would be impossible to stop the motion of any body141..若电压不那么高的话，那台仪器也就不会被烧坏了That instrument would not have been damaged had the voltage not been so high142.如果在导线中有很强的电流，那么只要用一匝大号导线就可以制成磁性很强的电磁铁A powerful electromagnet can be made with only one turn of a large-sized wire,should a very large current flow in the wire143.若没有地球的引力，地球上的一切东西都要失重Everything on the earth will lose its weight provided there be no gravity144.若没有半导体，就不可能有卫星通讯这类事情Some things,like satellite communications,would be impossible without semiconductors145.要不是二进制，电子计算机可能要比现在复杂得多But for the binary system,the electronic computer might have been much more complicated146.我们本来可以用定理（6）来导出式（5）We could also have used Theorem(6)to derive equation(5)147.为了使电流在电路中流动，必须保持一个电位差It is necessary that potential difference be maintained for current to flow in a circuit148.数字电路设计人员必须很熟悉布尔代数的实用知识It is essential that the digital designers should have a good working knowledge of Boolean algebra149.我们希望机器都不要有能量消耗It is desired that any machine have no energy loss150.有人建议在太空制造药物It is suggested that drugs be made in space151.我们建议读者最好用袖珍计算器来做基础电子学中的所需的数学计算It is recommended that the reader use a pocket calculator to do mathematical work required in basic electronics152.经济方面要求电力以高压传送Economy demands that electric power be transmitted at high voltage153.实验要求测量应精确Experiments require that accurate measurements be made 154.我们建议把这一点接地Our suggestion is that this point be grounded155.这是由于输出必须稳定的原因This comes from the necessary that the output be stable156.这根传输线的作用就好像它是开路似的This transmission line acts as though it were open-circuit157.在这种情况下金质叶片就会散离开来，就好像它们由通过接触而起电的物体而带电一样Under this condition the gold leaves will diverge just as if they had been charged from a body electrified by contact158.电位差使电流在电路中流动The potential different causes an electric current to flow in the circuit159.正是电位差使得电流在电路中流动It is the potential difference that causes as electric current to flow in the circuit160.物体的惯性质量与重力质量是成正比的，这是一个极为重要的实验事实It is very significant empirical fact that the inertial and gravitational masses of a body are proportional to each other161.是硬件在很大程度上确定了该系统的能力It is the hardware which determines to a large degree the capabilities of the system162.正是这些优点使阿拉伯数字为全世界人们所接受It is these strong points that make the Arabic figures accepted by people all over the world163.直到1925年才证实了电离层的存在It was not until 1925 that the existence of the ionosphere was proved164.是法拉第首先发现了电磁感应现象It was Faraday who first discovered electromagnetic induction165.正是这些力导致产生了磁现象It is these forces which lead to magnetic phenomena166.天平所度量的实际上是质量不是重量It is actually mass not weight which the balance measures167.正是在那儿发射了第一颗卫星It was there that the first satellite was launched 168.正是在这个意义上数学有时被称为科学的语言It is in this sense that mathematics is sometimes called the language of science169.正是当导线切割磁力线时在导体上感应出一个电动势来It is when lines of force are being cut by the wire that an emf is induced in it170.并不是科学家使用的工具而是他使用工具的方法使他成为科学家It is not the tool a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist171.没人知道到底是什么东西构成了场本身No one knows what it is that composes the field itself172.大多数数字电路是与其它数字电路对接的。
空管英语标准答案OPI 1
1.How long have you been working as an air traffic controller?你作为一名管制员工作多长时间了？For about 2 years ,and I think my job is very interesting, because I am familiar with many pilots’ voices but have never seen their faces.2.Are you proud of yourself as a controller? Why?你作为一名管制员感到自豪吗？为什么？Yes, I am! I keep the passengers’ and flight crews’ safety.3.Could you give a general introduction of the area/or airspace under your control?你能对你指挥下的区域或空间做一个简单的介绍吗？I`m a tower controller,and I take charge of all the leaving and arriving flights, and that includes domestic and international.Let’s talk about missed approach4.Have you ever controlled a flight which made a missed approach?你曾经指挥过做复飞的飞机吗？yes I have. about half a year ago, a flight failed to land because of strong windshear then it successfully landed on the second approach.5.What reasons do you think may cause a missed approach?你认为什么原因能导致一起复飞？Well, the reasons could be manifold : poor visibility, being too close to preceding aircraft, strong cross wind, runway incursion , landing gear problem.6.What help do you think the pilots may need when executing missed approach?当执行复飞时，你觉得飞行员都需要什么帮助？Surely, it must be clear instruction of climbing to safe altitude and holding request for other departure flights. Furthermore, it might be some particular need depended on the pilot.7.Do you think the standard procedures for missed approach can provide convenience both for the pilots and controllers?你觉得标准的复飞程序能提供给飞行员和管制员什么便利？Yes, of course. It perfectly reduces the work load of both sides and possibility of making mistakes during conversation.8.How could a missed approach influence ATC work?复飞如何影响空管工作？Well, it’s a kind of abnormal situation so it brings more work load to ATC. What’s more, it influences other flights’ departure and arrival.9.Do you think it is necessary to make a missed approach for flight safety undercertain situations?你认为在某个已确定位置复飞对飞行安全是必要的吗？Yes, absolutely. It’s no doubt that missed approach under certain situation may endanger the entire fight.The following questions are about airmiss10.Have you ever experienced airmiss in your work? If yes, please share the story with me; if no, have you heard any of that?你曾经在你工作中见过空中危险接近吗？如果见过，请和我分享这个故事，如果没有，说一说你所听到的？Ahh...as a controller I have not experienced that but I have heared about it. Two flights once met with vertical separation below minimum but fortunately, thanks to the controller, they avoided collision in time.11.What reasons may cause an airmiss?什么原因导致空中危险接近？Let me see... Controller instruction mistake, pilot operation mistake, unknown traffic approach, emergency descend caused by mechanical problem and some other particular reasons.12.What are some of the separation limits in your control unit?在你的管制单位里，间隔限制都有什么？There are two main kinds of control. One is Radar control : the same level 40 kilometers ,same direction cross 15 kilometers,opposite direction cross 40 kilometres. The other one is Procedure control , and the limit is 10 minutes. 13.If the separation limits between two aircraft is going to be exceeded, what will you do?如果两架飞机小于间隔，你将怎么做？I should clearly and effectively instruct the pilot to change heading, changealtitude, make orbit or other method to establish the safe separation.14.What do you think are some of the consequences of an airmiss?你认为危险接近的后果有哪些？Normally, it will cause the TCAS alert and increase both the controller’s and pilot’s pressure. More seriously, it directly causes collision if not properly conducted.15.Can you suggest some good ways to avoid or prevent airmiss effectively?你能建议一些好办法去避免或阻止危险接近的发生吗？On one hand, controller must give instructions carefully and clearly, and he or she should notice every detail on the radar display.On the other hand, pilot should repeat the instruction correctly and execute it in time.。
轮机英语教学课件(22) Air Conditioning System
分析：该句主语是air circulation , 谓语是is effected , In a typical marine pattern self-contained unit是状语, by means of…为方式状语, of的宾语有两 个,“ a centrifugal fan, and a direct expansion cooler”，“ for quiet running”为目的状语， “ served by a hermetic compressor”是cooler 的后置定语。
Oily water mixture Catch plates
Filter unit
100 p.p.m or less
Fine separating compartment
Separator unit
Oil Pollution Prevention
1. The first source is reduced by the discharge of tank washings to a slop tank for settling, and discharged of the water while retaining the load on top for pumping shore to the refinery.
Oil Pollution Prevention
4.Coalescence is the breakdown of surface tension between oil droplets in an oil/water mixture, which causes them to join and increase in size.
专业英语Lesson
Lesson 14Air pollutionAir pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment. Air pollution causes deaths and respiratory disease. Air pollution is often identified with major stationary sources, but the greatest source of emissions is mobile sources, mainly automobiles. Gases such as carbon dioxide, which contribute to global warming, have recently gained recognition as pollutants by climate scientists, while they also recognize that carbon dioxide is essential for plant life through photosynthesis.The atmosphere is a complex,dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems.An air pollutant is known as a substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and the environment. Pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. In addition, they may be natural or man-made.Pollutants can be classified as primary or secondary. Usually, primary pollutants are directly emitted from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption, the carbon monoxide gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories.Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. An important example of a secondary pollutant is ground level ozone —one of the many secondary pollutants that make up photochemical smog.Note that some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: that is, they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary pollutants.Major primary pollutants produced by human activity include:●Sulfur oxides <SOx> especially sulfur dioxide, a chemical compoundwith the formula SO2. SO2 is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide.Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. This is one of the causes for concern over the environmental impact of the use of these fuels as power sources.●Nitrogen oxides <NOx> especially nitrogen dioxide are emitted fromhigh temperature combustion. Can be seen as the brown haze dome above or plume downwind of cities. Nitrogen dioxide is the chemicalcompound with the formula NO2. It is one of the several nitrogen oxides. This reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor. NO2 is one of the most prominent air pollutants.●Carbon monoxide - is a colorless, odorless, non-irritating butvery poisonous gas. It is a product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide.●Carbon dioxide <CO2>,a greenhouse gas emitted form combustion.●Volatile organic compounds VOCs are an important outdoor airpollutant. In this field they are often divided into the separate categories of methane <CH4> and non-methane <NMVOCs>. Methane is an extremely efficient greenhouse gas which contributes to enhanced global warming. Other hydrocarbon VOCs are also significant greenhouse gases via their role in creating ozone and in prolonging the life of methane in the atmosphere, although the effect varies depending on local air quality. Within the NMVOCs, the aromatic compounds benzene, toluene and xylene are suspected carcinogens and may lead to leukemia through prolonged exposure.1,3-butadiene is another dangerous compound which is often associated with industrial uses.●Particulate matter Particulates, alternatively referred to asparticulate matter <PM> or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas. In contrast, aerosol refers to particles and the gas together. Sources of particulate matter can be man made or natural. Some particulates occur naturally, originating from volcanoes, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation, and sea spray. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants and various industrial processes also generate significant amounts of aerosols. Averaged over the globe, anthropogenic aerosols—those made by human activities—currently account for about 10 percent of the total amount of aerosols in our atmosphere. Increased levels of fine particles in the air are linked to health hazards such as heart disease, altered lung function and lung cancer.●Toxic metals, suchaslead, cadmiumand copper.●Chlorofluorocarbons <CFCs>, harmful to the ozone layer emittedfrom products currently banned from use.●Ammonia <NH3>,emitted from agricultural processes. Ammonia is acompound with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in wide use, ammoniais both caustic and hazardous.●Odors,such as from garbage, sewage, and industrial processes.● Radioactive pollutants produced by nuclear explosions, warexplosives, and natural processes such as the radioactive decay of radon.Secondary pollutants include:●Particulate matter formed from gaseous primary pollutants andcompounds in photochemical smog. Smog is a kind of air pollution;the word "smog" is a portmanteau of smoke and fog. Classic smog results from large amounts of coal burning in an area caused bya mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide. Modern smog does not usuallycome from coal but from vehicular and industrial emissions that are acted on in the atmosphere by sunlight to form secondary pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog.●Ground level ozone <O3> formed from NOx and VOCs. Ozone <O3> isa key constituent of the troposphere <it is also an importantconstituent of certain regions of the stratosphere commonly known as the Ozone layer>. Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive many of the chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere by day and by night. At abnormally high concentrations brought about by human activities <largely the combustion of fossil fuel>, it is a pollutant, and a constituent of smog.●Peroxyacetyl nitrate <PAN> - similarly formed from NOx and VOCs.Minor air pollutants include:● A large number of minor hazardous air pollutants. Some of theseare regulated in USA under the Clean Air Act and in Europe under the Air Framework Directive.● A variety of persistent organic pollutants, which can attach toparticulate matter.Persistent organic pollutants <POPs> are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Because of this, they have been observed to persist in the environment, to be capable of long-range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, biomagnify in food chains, and to have potential significant impacts on human health and the environment.14课：空气污染空气污染是人类引入氛围的化学品、颗粒、或生物材料,造成损害或不舒服,人类或其他生物破坏的自然环境.空气污染会造成死亡和呼吸系统疾病.空气污染往往是确定的主要固定污染源,但排放量最大的来源是流动污染源,主要是汽车.例如二氧化碳气体,会导致全球变暖,最近获得了气候科学家的认可,同时他们也承认,二氧化碳是植物通过光合作用生活的必需品.大气层是一个复杂,动态的自然气体系统,它是地球上生命必不可少的系统.平流层臭氧损耗就如同空气污染早已被公认为对人类健康以及地球的生态系统构成威胁.空气污染物是在空气中可以对人体和环境造成危害的物质所引起的.污染物可以有以下形式：固体颗粒,液滴或气体物质.此外,他们可能是天然的或人为的.污染物可以被归类为主要或次要的.通常情况下,主要污染物是直接排放的一个过程,如从火山喷发出火山灰,从汽车排放的尾气中含有一氧化碳和工厂释放出二氧化硫气体.二次污染物是不直接排放的.相反,它们是一次污染物在空气中相互反应形成的.二次污染的一个重要的例子是：地面的臭氧-它是构成光化学烟雾的二次污染物之一.注意,某些污染物即含有主要也含有次要的：也就是说,它们都是直接排放或从其他主要污染物排放时形成.由人类活动产生的主要主要污染物包括：●硫氧化物〔SO x〕,特别是二氧化硫,二氧化硫与化学复合配方.二氧化硫是由火山爆发和各种工业过程产生的.由于煤和石油往往含有硫化合物,其燃烧便产生二氧化硫.二氧化硫进一步氧化,通常在催化剂如二氧化氮的作用下形成硫酸,从而形成酸雨.这是使用化石燃料为动力来源影响环境的原因之一.●氮氧化物〔NO x〕的排放,尤其在高温燃烧时产生的二氧化氮.能够笼罩在城市上空形成棕褐色烟雾,二氧化氮是用NO2表示的化合物.它是氮氧化物的其中之一.这红褐色有毒气体有一个特点：有很浓的刺鼻气味.二氧化氮是最突出的空气污染物之一.●一氧化碳 -是一种无色,无味,无刺激性,毒性很大的气体.它是由燃料〔如天然气,煤或木材〕不完全燃烧产生的.汽车废气是一氧化碳的主要来源.●产生温室效应的二氧化碳〔CO2〕由于燃烧产生的.●挥发性有机化合物是一个重要的室外空气污染物.在这方面,它们往往分为甲烷〔CH4〕和非甲烷〔非甲烷挥发性有机化合物〕不同类别.甲烷是一种温室气体,明显地有助于加强全球变暖.其他烃类挥发性有机化合物也可以通过产生臭氧和延长臭氧在大气中甲烷的寿命加强温室效应,影响的效果依据当地空气质量而定.非甲烷挥发性有机化合物中如芳烃化合物苯、甲苯、二甲苯,它们被怀疑为致癌物质,通过长时间接触可能会导致白血病.1,3丁二烯是另一种危险的化合物,通常是与工业用途有关.●可吸入颗粒物微粒,或者简称为颗粒物〔PM〕或细颗粒,是固体或液体悬浮在气体中的微粒.相反,气溶胶是指粒子和气体结合在一起.颗粒物的来源可以人为的或自然的.自然产生的一些微粒来自于火山爆发,沙尘暴,火灾,生活森林,草原植被和浪花.在人类的活动中,如在汽车,发电厂及各种工业过程的中所涉及的燃料燃烧,也会产生大量的气溶胶.从全球各地的平均值来看,目前人类活动所产生的气溶胶约占我们大气气溶胶总额的百分之十.健康危害如心脏病,肺功能改变和肺癌与空气中的细颗粒物数量的增加有关.●有毒金属,如铅,镉和铜.●氯氟烃〔CFC〕的排放有害臭氧层,相关产品目前禁止使用.●农业进程排放氨气〔NH3〕.氨是一种化合物,分子式为NH3.它通常是有刺鼻恶臭的气体.氨对陆地生物的营养需要作出了重大贡献,作为食品和化肥的重要组成.氨,直接或间接地是许多药物合成的基石.尽管它被广泛使用,但是也存在危险.●气味,如垃圾,污水和工业过程.●核爆炸产生的放射性污染、战争炸药和自然界的放射性衰变等氡.二次污染物包括:●可吸入颗粒物是从初级气态污染物和光化学烟雾中形成的.烟雾是一种空气污染种类;单词"烟雾"是一个"烟"和"雾"混成.传统烟雾是由燃烧大量的煤所产生的一团浓烟和二氧化硫引起.现代烟雾通常不会来自煤炭,而是来自车辆和工业在太阳光下排放的二次污染物,也与主要的排放量相结合,形成光化学烟雾.●地面的臭氧〔O3〕的形成来自于氮氧化物和挥发性有机化合物.臭氧〔O3〕是对流层的关键组成部分〔这也是一种常用的平流层臭氧层,是某些地区已知的重要组成部分〕.光化学反应和化学反应是涉及IT驱动的化学过程,主要发生在白天和夜间的大气中.它的高浓度与人类活动〔主要是化石燃料的燃烧〕有关,它是一种污染物和烟雾成分.●过氧硝酸〔PAN〕- 同样从氮氧化物和挥发性有机化合物中形成.次要的空气污染物包括：●大量的小危险的有害空气污染物.其中的一些在美国的空气清洁法和欧洲框架指令X围之内.●一个持久性有机污染物,它可以粘附各种颗粒物.持久性有机污染物〔POPs〕是通过化学,生物和光解过程来加强环境恶化的有机化合物.正因为如此,它们已被观察到长期存在于环境中,具有远距离迁移能力,蓄积在人体和动物组织中,在食物链中产生生物放大作用,会对人类健康和环境产生重大影响.河南省高等教育自学考试英语专业本科毕业生毕业论文〔英文题目〕"Lake Poets" in the history ofEnglish literature〔中文题目〕英国文学史上的"湖畔诗人"专业名称：英语专业本科论文作者## ：X志辉准考证号：078203200008论文类型：文学批评论文完成日期：2006/08/26联系方式：河南省##市第二职业高中〔0373-*******〕"Lake Poets" in the history of Englishliterature摘要:湖畔诗人就是一组英国诗人,Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and William Wordsworth.他们居住在英格兰东北的"湖区",是18世纪至19世纪时期浪漫主义运动的一部分.受到法国大革命和英国工业革命的影响,他们在诗歌创作方面做了大胆的改革,无论是在诗体语言还是在主题.的选择上都有独到的见解. WilliamWordsworth 被人喻为自然的膜拜者.Samuel TaylorColeridge 不但是著名的诗人也是一流的文学批评家.然而Robert Southey却更为将精力注意到人人平等的大同社会上来.Abstract:The Lake Poets or Lake School was a group of Englishpoets: Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, andWilliam Wordsworth. They lived in the "LakeDistrict" in northwestern England. This group waspart of the Romantic Movement of the late 1700'sand early 1800's. They were inspired by The FrenchRevolution and The English Industrial Revolution.They made bold experiments on poetry writing,nomatter on poetry language seeking or subjects.Wordsworth was regarded as "worshipper of nature".Coleridge was not only a poet but also a critic.WhileSouthy pay more his attention to his democraticcommunity in America known as "Pantisocracy".关键字:浪漫主义时期,自然,超自然,想象,改革,简化语言,内在世界,精神实质,平常生活,##,大同社会Key words:The Romantic Period, nature, supernature,imagination,innovation,simple language,inner world,spirit,common life,democratic, PantisocracyOutlineThesis:"Lake Poets",Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and William Wordsworth,marks the beginning ofRomanticism. They improve the poetry writing with anentire new conception,especially they composed theirpoems about nature and imagination,which is verydifferent from those in neoclassical period.<1> The background of "Lake Poets":1．The French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution2．Influence of the economic exploitation<2> Features of "Lake Poets":1．They explored new theories and innovated new techniques in poetrywriting.2．They believed that poetry could purify both individualsand society.A． NatureB． Imagination and inspiration<3>William Wordsworth1．Career2．Mayor features in poetry writing and classification of his worksSamuel Taylor Coleridge his works.1．career2． mayor features in poetry writing and classification of his worksRobert Southey1．career2．mayor features in poetry writing"Lake Poets" in the history of EnglishliteratureThe English romanticismas a historical phase of literature,is generally said to have began in 1798 and ended in 1832.However,at this great period,there are three great poets who cannot be ignored,Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and William Wordsworth.These three poets are known as the "Lake Poets",because they once settled at Dove Cottage in Crasmere,Westmoreland,theloveliest spot in the English Lake District.The "Lake Poets" play a transitional role between old and new styles in the poetry development in literature history especially in the English history.In their works we see the influence from both the past and the modern.<1>During the Romantic period,there have been great changes in both European society and economy,which were actually provoked by two important revolutions,the French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution. And as a result,some of the great imaginative writings in the Romantic period sprang from the confrontation of radicals and conservatives at the close of the 18th century. While "the lake poets" choose nature,imagination as their poetic subjects,other great poets,such as George Gordon Byron,showed a lasting contempt for what he considered the commonplace and vulgarity of the "lake poets".Because they think the "lake poets",to some extent, are too conservative in their period.The other key element for the exiting of the "lake poets"is the cruel economic exploitation. As a consequence of the English Industrial revolution,the European Society emerged a new Labor Class. Though the social wealth had been increased by several times,it was only the rich who owned this wealth. The majority of the people were still poor,or even poorer. The romantics with the "lake poets" as a leader saw both the corruption of the feudal societies and the exploitation in modern capitalist society. Under such condition,the "lakepoets" emphasized the special qualities of each individual's mind. Wordsworth "The Solitary Reaper", Coleridge "frost at night", Southy "Winter" are all such poems.So we can see they pay more attention to portray the individual's experience.It's a typical character of the "lake poets"to place the individual at the center of art in order to express his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes.<2>With the coming of the French Revolution in 1798, and the primarily agricultural society replaced by a modern industrialized one,these three poets inspired an entire new poetic revolution.At first,they started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature. They explored new theories and innovated new techniques in poetry writing. As we all know,the neoclassicists hadsome fixed rules and laws for almost every genre of literature.Poetry should be lyrical, didactic satiric or dramatic and be strictly guided by principles.The neoclassicists also emphasizedupon reason and intellect. However,the romantics started a poetic revolution.Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and William Wordsworth,with the publication of "LyricalBallads", were the majorrepresentatives of this movement. We can get such ideas from the following examples: "The Ancient Mariner" written by Coleridge; "The prelude"__<1> written by Wordsworth. In these famous poems,we can see they have made bold experiments in poetic language,versification and design.Second,they believe that poetry could purify both individual and the society. At one hand,they chose to live by the lakeside so as to escape from the rational and ugly society.At other hand,they also want to achieve their wishful society in the imagination.1．Imagination and inspiration,defined by Coleridge,is regarded as something crucial for true poetry."Kubla Khan",as we all know,was composed in a dream after Coleridge took opium."So twice five miles of fertile ground,With walls and towers were girdled round;And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills, Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;And here were forests ancient as the hills, enfolding sunny spots of greenery."__<2>When we read these great lines,we are deeply impressed by the image of the river,the magnificentpalace and othermarvelous. We can hardly believe they were worked outin his unconsciousness. Similar examples can alsobe found from works of Robert Souhey, which containeda lot of vaguely Hindu tales.2．The nature world is the first thing coming into ‘poets’imagination."I wandered lonely as a cloud,The floats on high over vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Besides the lake,beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in thebreeze."___<3>Wordsworth wrote this beautiful poem of nature after he came across a long belt of gold daffodils along thewaterside. In this poem,nature is not only his sourceof imagination but also his poetic subject. But whenwe read it a second time,maybe we can realize that thewriter want to recollect the beauty of nature in hismind while he is in solitude.<3>Since the "lake Poets" refers to three great English poets,let's appreciate them respectively.1．William WordsworthWilliam Wordsworth is a leading figure of the English romantic poetry.The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature. William Wordsworth was born in an attorney family. As a young boy,he developed a keen love of nature,which influenced all his rest life. After the French revolution,his heart was stirred and his imagination fired. However,William Wordsworth was conservative in politics,which Percy Bysshe Shelley and George Gordon Byron were strongly against. William Wordsworth had a long poetic career. Though his life,he finished many poem volumes.But maybe the mostfamous one is "Lyrical Ballads". That is because this volume is different from his early poetry,with an uncompromising simple language and fusion of natural description. "The Prelude" is also among his best works and is regarded as one of William Wordsworth's greatest works by many critics. Because he expressed his philosophy ideas in it .To him,life is a cyclical journey,in which the beginning finally turns out to be its end.According to the subjects,William Wordsworth's short poems can be classified into two groups:poems about nature and poems about human life.A. William Wordsworth emphasized the picturesquescenes and gave the reader the very life of nature. He is regarded as the worshipper of nature. But we can also finda deeper moral awareness in his poems. To him,nature actsas a bridge between human and certain circumstance."We stood together; and that I, so longA worshipper of nature,hither cameUnwearied in that service: rather sayWith warmer love -- oh! with far deeper zealOf holier love. Nor wilt thou then forget,That after many wanderings, many yearsOf absence, these steep woods and lofty cliffs,And this green pastoral landscape, were to meMore dear, both for themselves and for thy sake ""Tintern Abbey" is one of his masterpieces on nature.In this poem we can find the coordination between the wanderer'sthoughts and the natural scenes.B. The joys and sorrows of the common people are also his usual subject.His sympathy always goes to the suffering poor.The "Lucy poems" describes a young country girl living a simple live in a remote village.In this poem,William Wordsworth used simple language to give the readers the scenes and events of everyday life. In his opinion,the speech of ordinary people was the raw material of poetry writing. By using limited language,Wordsworth worked out an eternal theme,love and loss,time and death. "The solitary reaper" "Toa highland girl'are all his masterpieces about human life.2.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeSamuel Taylor Coleridge is a son of a clergyman. When he was young,he was a lonely sad boy,full of dreams in his mind.However after having met Robert Southy,he was inspired by the radical thinkers with their idealism.He even joined the Robert Southy in plotting a democratic community in America,named 'pantisocracy'. But generally speaking,he was a conservative poet. He opposed the rationalistic trends of the 18th century thought. In his opinion,"A poet should realize the vague intimation derived from his unconsciousness without sacrificing the vitality of the inspiration."__<4>Samuel Taylor Coleridge is also a good critic in his period.His lectures on Shakespeare proved to be very successful.As a poet,he maintained that ‘the true end of poetry is to give pleasure through the medium of beauty’. Thisconception is same with Wordsworth's. However the two great poets also have something different with each other. For example,Samuel Taylor Coleridge claimed that there was essential difference between the language of poetry and the language spoken by common people,while William Wordsworth thought the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of poetry writing.Samuel Taylor Coleridge's achievement as poet can be divided into two groups:the demonic and the conversational.A. The demonic group includes his three masterpieces,"The Rimeof the Ancient Mariner","Chritabel" and "Kubla Khan".Mysticism and demonism with strong imagination are the distinctive features of this group. "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"told a story of a sailor,who met a strange bird during his adventure trip. The mariner shot it andthen disaster fell onto the ship.Finally only when the mariner blessed for the water snake the ship then can go back home.In this story,we can find out Coleridge a more spiritual and religious interpretation of life. While his predecessors emphasized ‘reason’,Coleridge's demonic works is a great improvement of poetry writing.B:Among the conversational group,"Frost at Midnight"is the most important. This poem is a record of his personal thought about his infant son Harley in a midnight. Generally speaking,the conversational groups deal with the themes,such as,the desire to go home and wish someone he loves success or experience joy.But in order toget that he must fail or suffer.3.Robert SouthyAs a young student,Robert Southy was expelled from School for criticizing the practice of flogging in the school magazine.This incident helped to fire his youthful revolutionary ideals, which found expression a few years later in his first long poem "Joan of Arc" <1796>. His attention was taken up by a new friend, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and his ideas about 'pantisocracy', a scheme to set up a democratic community in America, came out. Southey and Coleridge married two sisters, Edith and Sara Fricker. Though there were some ill-feelings over the abandonment of pantisocracy, the two men remained friends.Like Wordsworth and Coleridge, he became disillusioned by the progress of the French Revolution. I would like to suggest that his volume of "Poems" 1799 is some ways an answer to "Lyrical Ballads" and to describe the contents of that volume.And he was criticized as a political turncoat by the younger generation of Romantic writers, notably in Byron's "Don Juan".About his revolutionary ideals we can see clearly from his poem "winter""Some merry jest, or tale of murder dire,Or troubled spirit that disturbs the night,Pausing at times to rouse the mouldering fire,Or taste the old October brown and bright"__<5> But also Southy write a lot of poems concerning the slavetrade.Look at the following lines"Hold your mad hands! for ever on your plainMust the gorged vulture clog his beak with blood?For ever must your Niger's tainted flood,Roll to the ravenous shark his banquet slain?Hold your mad hands! and learn at length to know,And turn your vengeance on the common foe, ..."__<6> In his famous works we can see Southy did a lot of metrical experiment in his poetry writing. Southey's modes of expression and poetical subjects are equally wide-ranging. He employs sensibility, horror, the picturesque or political debate; he writes about slavery, injustice, and historical events.After all,Southey exploited story and event in many of his smaller poems, but often produced work of a high standard and full of imagines.The "Lake Poets" marks the beginning of the romantic period. They improved the poetry writing with an entire new conception. While their predecessors wrote type characters by fixed laws and rules,they turned their attention to the inner world of the individual or the supernature in their imagination.In a word,The "Lake Poets" were esteemed by some of their contemporaries and is generally recognized today as lyrical poets of the first rank.End Notes:<1>"The prelude" began in the 1790s,completed in the 1800s, in "Lyrical Ballad" 1800 edition<2>摘自"Kubla Khan<1>"written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge<3>摘自"I wandered lonely as a cloud<1>" written by William Wordsworth<4>摘自"selected reading in English literature" P187, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press<5>摘自 "Winter", a poem written by Robert Southy<6>摘自"Hold your mad hands!,poem written by RobertSouthyBibliography:〔1〕"selected reading in English and American literature"1999.12 Edition II〔2〕M．H．Abrams, "The Norton Anthology of English literature"2001。
学术英语(教师资料)_Unit2
headings and subheadings;
the conclusion and summaries; the first sentence or the last sentence of each paragraph;
Unit 2 Searching for Information
2 Scanning and skimming
Tips for scanning and skimming
Skimming:
the title and subtitles;
the abstract (if there is one);
definition of a term, the effect of a phenomenon);
search thesis statements and topic sentences in paragraphs for the information you want to gain;
use the knowledge of the essay organization (such as causeeffect, comparison-contrast, problem-solution) to find what you are looking for;
highlighted texts such as words in bold or italic text;
graphs, tables or diagrams.
Unit 2 Searching for Information
专业外语增加翻译部分
LESSON 1IntroductionMine ventilation involves the control of the atmospheric environment. This requires control of the air quality and air movement to satisfy the requirements for the health, safety and comfort of mine workers. Minimum standards are set out in the various states mines regulation. Some are descriptive, specifying the standards required (eg. Victoria), and some are prescriptive, detailing exactly how the standards are to be achieved (eg. W.A.).说明矿山通风涉及到对大气环境的控制。
这需要控制空气的质量和运动，以满足矿工的健康、安全和舒适性要求。
许多州的矿山条例中都提出了（关于空气的质量和运动方面的）最低标准。
有些是叙述性的，指明必需的标准（例如，维多利亚加拿大港市)。
有些是说明性的，详细严密地叙述如何达到这些标准（例如）Purposes of Mine VentilationProperly engineered control of the mine atmosphere is required to:provide fresh air (oxygen) for men to breatheprovide a source of oxygen for internal combustion engines in machinerydilute atmospheric contaminants to acceptable levelsmaintain temperature and humidity within acceptable limitsremove atmospheric contaminants from the mine.矿山通风的目标从工程技术来讲，正确控制矿山空气需要：提供新鲜的空气（氧气）工，供人呼吸提供氧气来源，供给各种机械上的内燃机。
南京航空航天大学大一飞行英语lesson1课文
Lesson 1 Air CrewPassage 1 Captain and F/O DutiesThere are usually 2-3 flight crew members and 1-3 flight attendants aboard an airliner. In the flight deck are the Captain, Co-pilot and flight engineer. When there are only two flight crew members, to reduce costs there,s no flight engineer. The captain is the Pilot in Command (PIC) who has the final authority of all decisions and all responsibilities rest on his shoulders. The Co-pilot assists the Captain and does things like calculating fuel consumptions, weight and balance, navigation, etc. He is Second in Command (SIC). The Flight Engineer helps reduce the workload of the Captain and Co-pilot. Some of his duties may include calculating fuel consumption rate, weight and balance, and communicating with the cabin crew.The pilot in Command (PIC) of an aircraft is the person aboard the aircraft who is ultimately responsible for its operation and safety during flight. According to ICAO, the Pilot in Command is responsible for operation of the airplane in accordance with rules of the air, and his final authority as to the disposition of the airplane while in command. This would be the “captain” in a typical two- or three-pilot flight crew, or “pilot” if there is only one certified and qualified pilot at the controls of an aircraft. The PIC must be certified to operate the aircraft for the specific flight and flight conditions, but need not be actually controlling the aircraft at any given moment. The PIC is the person legally in charge of the aircraft and its flight safety and operation, and would normally be the primary person liable for a violation of any flight rule.According to FAA, the PIC is responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight time, which means the total time from the moment an aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight. This would normally include taxiing, which involves the ground operation to and from the runway. But it is legal for a mechanic or other person to taxi an aircraft on the ground for the purpose of moving it from one spot to another without a pilot,s license.As the FAA puts it, the pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft. In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rules of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency. Each pilot in command who deviates from a rule of this section shall, upon the request of the administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the administrator.Especially interesting in FAR 91.3, which empowers the PIC to override any other regulation in an emergency, to take the safest course of action at his/her sole discretion. It essentially gives the PIC the final authority in any situation involving the safety of a flight, irrespective of any other laws or regulations. In commercial aviation, the first officer is the second pilot (or co-pilot) of an aircraft. The first officer is second-in-command of the aircraft. In the event of incapacitation of the captain, the first officer will take on the duties of the PIC. Control of the aircraft is normally shared equally between the first officer and th e captain, with one pilot being the “Pilot Flying” (PF), and the other the “Pilot Not Flying” (PNF), or “Pilot Monitoring” (PM), for each flight. Even when the first officer is the flying pilot, however, the captain remains ultimately responsible for the aircraft, its passengers, and the crew. In typical day-to-day operation, the essential job tasks remain fairly equal.Because many airlines promote by seniority only within their own company, the first officer may at times have more flight experience than the captain, in that they may have experience from other airlines or the military. Traditionally, the first officer sits on the right-hand side of a fixed-wing aircraft and the left-hand side of a helicopter.EXERCISESI. Describe the given terms from the text in English.I. flight deck2. PIC3. incapacitation4. flight time5. Captain6. PNFII. Answer the following questions after you have read the text.1. What crew members are included in an airplane?2. What are the duties for different crew members?3. In what conditions will the co-pilot take on the responsibility of commanding an aircraft?4. Can you tell the differences between PIC, captain and pilot?5. According to FAA, what are the responsibility and authority of PIC?6. According to ICAO, what is the Pilot in Command responsible for?7. Why does FAR give final authority to PIC in an emergency?8. Should PF always be the Pilot in Command? Give your reasons.9. Why do some First Officers have more experience that their captains?10. Where does the first officer normally sit in a helicopter?III Complete the following short passage by filling the blanks with the words given in the box.New Wordscrew n.人员，组员 authority n.权威，权限 emergency n.紧急evacuation n.撤离 disposition n.处置，处理 manipulate v.操纵mechanic n.机务员，机械人员deviate v.偏离（from ）override v.超控 justification n.证明 airline n. 航空公司helicopter n.直升机Expressions flight crew 机组人员flight attendant 空中乘务员flight engineer 飞行机械师Pilot in Command 责任机长Notes ICAO FAAFARairliner n.班机，大型客机 briefing n.讲述，讲评 procedure n.程序 operation n.运转，工作，操作 certify v.认证，认可，证明 taxi v.滑行 license n.执照 discretion n.决定 provision n.条款 incapacitation n.失能 seniority n.资历Pilot Flying 操纵飞机飞行员 Pilot Not Flying 未操纵飞机的飞行员 Pilot Monitoring 监控飞行员First Officer 副驾驶 International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织Federal Aviation Administration 联邦航空局（美国）Federal Aviation Regulations 《联邦航空条例》（美Airline PilotsAirline pilots 1 passengers and cargo via commercial aircraft. They are responsiblefor various 2 and non-flying duties. Airline pilots are responsible for a variety of tasksrelated to the safe operation of the 3 they are responsible for flying.Prior to takeoff, airline pilots are responsible for verifying that the instruments, controls, engines, and other flight systems are 4 the way they should. Monitoring continues throughout the 5, and changes are requested and implemented as needed 6 enroute.On commercial flights, there are two pilots at the helm of the airplane. Each flight is staffed by a captain and a first officer, and the two pilots typically take 7 flying different legs（航段）of each trip. They 8 with flight dispatchers （签派人员）air traffic controllers,and meteorologist to select the best route for the trip, including determining the 9 altitudeand speed for travel.Once a flight lands, airline pilots are required to complete records about their journeys in compliance with the 10 of both the company for which they work and the Federal Aviation Administration （FAA）.IV Translate the following sentences into proper English.1. 一名乘务人员向机长报告，商务舱有名乘客心脏病发作，她们正在给他吸氧。
小学下册第13次英语第五单元综合卷[有答案]
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小学下册英语第五单元综合卷[有答案]考试时间：80分钟（总分:100）A卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 选择题：What do we call the place where animals are kept for public display?A. ZooB. AquariumC. FarmD. Circus2. 填空题：The rabbit's teeth never stop _________. (生长)3. 填空题：The __________ in the morning is very fresh. (空气)4. 选择题：What is the chemical symbol for gold?A. AuB. AgC. PbD. Fe5. 听力题：The sky is ______ today. (clear)6. 听力题：The process by which plants release oxygen is called _______.7. 填空题：The __________ (历史的重构) allows for fresh interpretations.8. 选择题：What do you call the process of converting sunlight into energy in plants?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. FermentationD. Digestion9. 填空题：A ________ (种子选择) affects crops.10. 填空题：I can stack my ________ (玩具名称) in different ways.11. 听力题：The teacher is _____ the students to listen. (asking)12. 选择题：What is the capital of Venezuela?A. CaracasB. MaracaiboC. ValenciaD. Barquisimeto13. 听力题：Can you see the ________?14. 选择题：What is the capital of the United States?A. New YorkB. Los AngelesC. WashingtonD.C.D. Chicago答案:C15. 填空题：I saw a ________ chasing a squirrel.16. 听力题：The baby is ______ in the stroller. (sitting)17. 填空题：The _____ (dragonfruit) is unique and tasty.18. 听力题：The __________ is vital for understanding natural processes.19. 选择题：What is the capital of Portugal?A. LisbonB. MadridC. ParisD. Rome20. 听力题：I love to ___ in the pool. (swim)21. 填空题：Many plants can be grown from __________ (种子).22. 选择题：What is the name of the second-largest moon in the solar system?A. TitanB. GanymedeC. CallistoD. Europa23. 填空题：The discovery of ________ has influenced our understanding of health.24. 填空题：This ________ (玩具) helps me learn about teamwork.25. 选择题：What do you call a young ant?A. LarvaB. PupaC. WorkerD. Queen26. 听力题：The chemical formula for sodium phosphate is _______.27. 填空题：My friend loves __________ (户外活动).28. 听力题：The __________ is essential for protecting water sources.29. 填空题：I like to _______ in the summer.30. 听力题：Oxidation involves the loss of ______.31. 填空题：A dolphin is a type of ______ (鲸).32. 听力题：The ________ (team) is committed to success.33. 填空题：The _______ (Charles Darwin) proposed the theory of evolution.34. 听力题：We are going to the ______ (cinema) tonight.35. 选择题：What do we call the practice of raising animals for food?A. AgricultureB. HorticultureC. Animal husbandryD. Forestry答案: C. Animal husbandry36. 听力题：The chemical formula for ammonia is ______.37. 听力题：Birds build ______ to keep their eggs safe.38. 填空题：The leaves change color in __________ (秋天).39. 听力题：A strong acid has a pH less than ______.40. 填空题：My cat enjoys climbing up on ______ (家具).41. 听力题：The concept of biodiversity hotspots identifies areas with high levels of ______.42. (86) is known for its fjords. 填空题：The ____43. 填空题：The seal has a streamlined ________________ (身体).44. 选择题：What do we call the solid part of the Earth?A. AtmosphereB. HydrosphereC. LithosphereD. Biosphere答案: C45. 选择题：What is the capital of Italy?A. VeniceB. RomeC. FlorenceD. Milan答案:B46. 听力题：The concept of climate adaptation focuses on adjusting to the impacts of ______ change.47. temperature) tells us how hot or cold it is. 填空题：The ____48. 填空题：My sister and I have fun ____.49. 听力题：We will go to the ______ for a field trip. (aquarium)50. ers are known for their _____ (香气). 填空题：Some flo51. 听力题：The ____ has big wings and glides through the air.52. 填空题：My toy ____ is always there for me, no matter what. (玩具名称)53. 选择题：Which is the fastest land animal?A. HorseB. CheetahC. LionD. Gazelle答案: B54. 听力题：Pulsars are rotating neutron stars that emit beams of ______.55. 填空题：A _______ (小海星) has five arms and lives in the sea.What is the value of 4 + 4 6?A. 2B. 4C. 6D. 8答案:A57. 填空题：My favorite plant is a ______ (仙人掌). It needs very little ______ (水).58. 填空题：I think it's nice to call my friends by their first names like ______. (我认为像____这样称呼我的朋友的名字很好。
737机型习题(1)
ATA21 Air Conditioning1.The air conditioning system controls __________ of the airplane.A the exterior environmentB the interior environmentC the anti-ice systemD the oxygen system2.The air conditioning system for flight crew, passengers, and _______ .A engineB air conditioning accessory unitC cabin temperature controllerD equipment3.Air conditioning sub-systems are _______ , Pressurization, Equipment cooling,Heating, Cooling and Temperature control.A DistributionB Pack cooling temperatureC Electronic equipmentD Air conditioning accessory unit4.These _______ panel let you control the air conditioning system.A electronic equipment compartmentB passengers compartmentC flight compartmentD nose compartment5._______, air conditioning accessory unit and cabin pressure controllers in the EEcompartment control the functions of the air conditioning system.A Cabin temperature controllerB Auxiliary power unitC Electronic display unitD Common display system6.The cabin temperature controller controls _______ , flight compartmenttemperature and passenger cabin temperature of the air conditioning system.A Pack cooling temperatureB The bleed air temperatureC The exhaust temperatureD The landing gear cabin temperature7._______ is the interface for the airplane operational logic and the air system.A Cabin pressure controllersB Passenger pressure controllersC Air conditioning accessory unitD Air conditioning system8.The cabin pressure controllers control the cabin _______ function of the airconditioning system.A temperatureB heatingC pressureD cooling9.These flight compartment panels on the _______ forward overhead panel let youcontrol the air conditioning subsystem.A p5B p2C p1D p410._______ , Passenger cabin temperature, Temperature indication and selection,Duct overheat indication and Air mix valve position indication controls and indications are on the cabin temperature panel.A Water indicationB Oil indicationC Fuel indicationD Control cabin temperature control11.The equipment cooling fans switch is on _______ .A the cabin cooling panelB the equipment cooling panelC the cabin temperature panelD the air conditioning/bleed air controls panel12.The distribution system has _______ , Recirculation fan, Ground conditioned airconnection in the distribution compartment.A DistributionB Electronic equipmentC Main distribution manifoldD Water indication13.The equipment cooling system has components in _______ , the forwardequipment compartment and the flight compartment.A the nose compartmentB the passenger compartmentC the EE compartmentD the galley14.The _______ air conditioning packs are in the air conditioning compartment.A 1B 3C 5D 215.The air conditioning compartment are on the left and right sides of keel beam in_______.A the wing-to-body areaB the head-to-body areaC the landing gear cabinD the left area16.These are the primary parts of the air conditioning system that have an effect onthe supply of _______ or the recirculation of conditioned air.A hot airB fresh airC cool airD common air17. The left and right flow control systems provide the ______ quantity of fresh air.A differentB goodC distinguishedD same18._______ changes when airplane conditions change.A hot airB cool airC fresh airD common air19.This part of the A/C system removes _______ as necessary and controls thetemperature of the fresh air before it goes into the air distribution part of the air conditioning system.A waterB oilC fuelD pressured air20.The control for the right makes sure that it supplies air at a temperature that givesthe necessary cooling for _______.A the flight compartmentB the EE compartmentC the nose compartmentD the passengers compartmentKEY: B D A C A A C C A D B C C D A B D C A DATA22 Digital Flight Control System1.The digital flight control system does these functions of _______ , flight director,altitude alert, speed trim, mach trim.A height directorB speed directorC autopilotD climb director2.The FCCs get inputs from several systems such as __________ and the flightmanagement computer and sends commands to the aileron and elevator actuators.A APUB ADIRUC CDSD DEU3.There are two autopilots, autopilot A from FCC A and autopilot B from FCC B.When you engage an autopilot from _______ , the autopilot controls the airplane attitude.A MCPB AGBC IDGD EEC4.The FCCs get inputs from several systems and send flight director commands to_______ to provide guidance for the pilots.A EECB IDGC AGBD CDS5.When the MCP flight director switches are on, _______ shows on the commondisplay system.A autopilotB flight directorC altitude alertD speed trim6._______ can use the flight director commands to control the attitude of theairplane.A Flight crewB Flight attendantC PassengersD Maintenance personnel7.As the airplane approaches or flies away from _______ selected altitude, an alertoccurs.A IDGB DEUC MCPD CDSKEY: C B A D B A CATA24 Electrical Power1.The electrical power system has automatic and manual _______ features.A controlB operationC playD perform2.Electrical power has these subsystems: Generator drive, AC generator, _______,External power, AC electrical load distribution.A AGBB ASGC DC generatorD BPCU3.The electrical power system makes and supplies AC and DC power to _______.A APUB Engine1 and Engine2C Landing gearD Airplane4. A standby AC and DC system gives _______ power.A normalB emergencyC normal and emergencyD special5.The electrical power system has _______ main AC power sources and 1 standbypower sources.A 2B 4C 6D 86.The IDGs and APU starter-generator supply a _______, 115/200 volts at 400Hz.A 3 phaseB 2 phaseC 1 phaseD DC7.The AC power system design prevents _______ to the same load at the same time.A one sourceB two sourcesC three sourcesD four sources8.The static inverter supplies a _______, 115V AC output to the AC standby bus.A 4 phaseB 3 phaseC 2 phaseD 1 phase9.Three transformer rectifier units change 115V ac to _______ dc.A 10VB 18VC 28VD 35V10.The GCUs monitor the system to _______ the IDGs.A control and protectB controlC protectD operate11._______ protects the airplane from external power whose quality is out of limits.A AGBB IDGC GCUD BPCU12._______ automatically removes loads to prevent an overload of an AC powersource.A System logicB Subsystem logicC Part logicD AC logic13.DC bus 1 usually receives power from TRU _______.A 2B 1C A+BD 314.The hot battery bus usually receives power from _______.A main batteryB main battery chargerC main battery or main battery chargerD main battery and main battery chargerKEY: A C D C B A B D C A D A B CATA25 Equipment/Furnishings1.The captain and first officer seats provide adjustable seats for _______.A flight crewB passengersC captainD first officer2._______ lock mechanism sets fore and aft movement on the seat tracks.A trackB seat trackC spring-loaded trackD seat height3.The seat height lock mechanism control _______.A seat heightB seat attitudeC seat backD A+B+C4.The track lock mechanism controls _______.A seat foreB seat fore and aftC seat aftD seat left and right5.Turn the knob to move the armrest ______.A upB downC up and downD up or down6.The seat folds to _______ wall when not in use.A flight compartmentB passenger compartmentC EECD nose compartmentKEY: A C A B D AATA26 Fire Protection1.The fire protection systems monitor fire, pneumatic duct leaks, overheat, _______.A smokeB dustC waterD ice2.The airplane has these fire extinguishing systems: Engine, _______, Lavatory.A flight compartmentB passenger compartmentC EECD APU3.The fire alarms provide visual and aural indication to the flight crew about a firein any of these systems: Engine 1 , Engine 2 , _______ .A LavatoryB APUC EECD Passenger compartment4.When there is a fire in the main wheel well, the compartment onerheat detectioncontroller provides a ground for _______.A one red FIRE WARN lights and the bellB lightsC bellD two red FIRE WARN lights and the bellKEY: A D B DATA27 Flight Controls1.The flight controls keep _______ at the necessary attitude during flight.A the airplaneB the aileronC the elevatorD the rudder2.The primary flight control system moves the airplane about _______ axes.A 1B 2C 3D 43.The secondary flight control system improve the _______ and handling propertiesof the airplane.A powerB liftC speedD altitude4.The aileron control wheels move cables that give input to _______ .A the aileron feel and centering unitB the accessory gear boxC the power control unitD the auxiliary power unit5.The _______ move the aileron wing cables and the ailerons.A ABGB APUC FCCD PCU6.The actuators move the flight spoilers to assist the ailerons for _______ control.A pitchB rollC yawD A+B+C7.The elevator control columns move cables that give input to _______ .A the aileron feel and centering unitB the rudder feel and centering unitC the elevator feel and centering unitD A+B+C8.The speedbrake lever move cables that control _______ .A the spoiler mixerB the rudder mixerC the elevator mixerD the aileron mixer9.The stabilizer trim wheels move cables that give an input to _______ .A the gear boxB the accessory gear boxC the aileronD the rudderKEY : A C B A D B C A AATA28 Fuel System1.The fuel system supplies fuel to engines and _______ .A APUB AGBC FCCD CDS2.The fuel tanks store _______ for use by engines and the APU.A oilB waterC fuelD power3._______ add fuel to each tank.A The fuel storageB The pressure fueling systemC The engine fuel feedD The APU fuel feed4. The fueling station is on _______ .A the right wingB the left wingC the leading edge of the wingD the trailing edge of the wing5.Each main tank has _____ boost pumps.A 1B 5C 3D 26.The center tank boost pumps supply fuel at a higher _______ than the pumps inthe main tanks.A speedB pressureC feedD temperature7._______ is in the left wing.A Center tankB Main tank 2C Main tank 1D A+B+C8._______ fuel temperature shows on the fuel control panel.A Main tank 1B Main tank 2C Center tankD A+B+CKEY: A C B A D B C AATA29 Hydraulic Power1.There are _______ independent hydraulic systems that supply hydraulic power foruser systems.A 3B 2C 1D 42.The main and auxiliary hydraulic systems supply pressurized _______ to airplanesystems.A oilB fuelC fluidD water3.System A has most of its components on _______ of the airplane.A the right sideB the left sideC all sidesD forward part4.The auxiliary hydraulic systems are the standby hydraulic system and _______system.A PTUB APUC AGBD CDU5.If system B is depressurized, _______ system is a hydraulic motor-pumpassembly that supplies alternative pressure to leading edge flaps and slats and autosat system.A APUB AGBC CDUD PTUKEY: A C B A DATA30 Ice and Rain Protection1.The ice and rain protection system keeps _______ from airplane parts.A iceB waterC fogD A+B+C2.The wing thermal anti-ice and the engine inlet cowl thermal anti-ice systems use_______ prevent ice.A hot APU bleed airB wiperC hot engine bleed airD A+B+C3.The air data probes use _______ to prevent ice.A hot APU bleed airB electric heatC hot engine bleed airD wiper4.Flight deck window use _______ to prevent ice formation and fog on thewindows.A electric heatB hot APU bleed airC hot engine bleed airD wiper5.The water and waste lines and drains use _______ to prevent ice.A hot APU bleed airB hot engine bleed airC wiperD electric heat6.The controls and indications for the ice and rain protection systems are in theflight compartment on the _______ forward overhead panel.A P4B P5C P6D P37.There are _______ WTAI in engine solenoid valves on the top of the enginecompressor case.A 1B 3C 2D 4KEY: A C B A D B CATA31 Flight Data Recorder System1.The flight data recorder system stores airplane parameters and system data for thelast _____ hours of operation.A 25B 24C 22D 152.The flight data recorder system gets and stores airplane parameters from_______ .A airplane systemsB airplane sensorsC airplane systems and sensorsD airplane3.The flight data recorder system protects the data from _______ .A heatB heat and waterC waterD crash4.The flight data acquisition unit processes analog, digital, and discrete signals from_______ .A many sensors and systemsB many sensorsC many systemsD many modules5.The flight data recorder system sensors send data about the position of the flightsurfaces and controls to _______ .A FDRB FDUC ACMSD FDAU6.The FDR is a fire and crash resistant _______ .A LEDB LRUC FDAUD QARKEY: A C B A D BATA32 Landing Gear1.The landing gear structural components hold the _______ of the airplane while theairplane is on the ground.A weightB speedC altitudeD attitude2._______ supplies the ground directional control of the airplane.A The main landing gearB The nose landing gearC The nose wheel steering systemD The main wheel3._______ downlock pin installs in the NLG downlock pin hole.A The main landing gearB The nose landing gearC The main wheelD The nose wheelKEY: A C BATA33 Lights1.There are _______ light systems on the airplane.A 6B 5C 4D 32.There are _______ types of flight compartment lights.A 2B 4C 6D 83._______ supply light for specific tasksA The instrument and panel lightsB The flight crew lightsC The miscellaneous lightsD The master dim and test4.There are ______ lights in the flight crew lights.A 4B 5C 6D 75._______ system controls the light for the system annunciator and indicator lights.A The instrument and panel lightsB The miscellaneous lightsC The flight crew lightsD The master dim and test6.There are _______ types of panel lights in the flight compartment.A 3B 4C 5D 67.Light plates supply the background light for ______ in the flight compartment.A the switchesB the push-buttonsC the panelsD the indrections8.Electrical power for the instrument and panel lights comes from the ____ actransfer buses 1 or 2.A 28VB 22VC 220VD 110VKEY: A C B A D B C AATA34 Flight Management Computer System1.The flight crew uses the flight management computer system to _______ for aflight.A enter route and vertical performance flight plan dataB enter route performance flight plan dataC enter vertical performance flight plan dataD enter flight plan data2.With ACARS, _______ can receive flight plan data from a ground station and cansend flight status information to a ground station.A FCCB FDUC FMCD FDAU3. A navigation data base is in _______ memory.A FCCB FMCC FDAUD CDU4.The FMC calculates the airplane _______ during the flight.A positionB speedC attitudeD altitude5._______ shows target speeds and altitude.A CDUB FMCC FCCD CDS6.The FMCs receive data from _______ to calculate navigation and performancedata.A airplane systemsB other airplane systemsC other systemsD other airplane and other systems7.The FMC _______ format is ARINC 429 digital data and analog discretes.A input dataB output dataC input and output dataD recording dataKEY: A C B A D B CATA35 Oxygen1._______ supply oxygen to the flight crew and cabin attendants and passengers.A The oxygen systemB The digital flight control systemC The fuel systemD The flight data recorder system2._______ is independent of the other oxygen system.A The passenger oxygen systemB The fuel systemC The flight crew oxygen systemD The flight data recorder system3.The passenger oxygen system uses _______ oxygen generators.A physicalB chemicalC storedD pressurized4.The flight crew oxygen system supplies the flight crew with _______ pressuregaseous oxygen.A lowB highC middleD on5.The flight crew oxygen system’s components are in _______ .A the flight compartmentB the passenger compartmentC the nose compartmentD the EE compartment6. A mechanical pressure gage on the oxygen cylinder shows the cylinder _______ .A speedB pressureC stationD A+B+CKEY: A C B A D B。
民航乘务英语综合教程2
requirements. • 4. They must provide a courteous and efficient service to the passengers. • 5. Cabin attendants must be acquainted with information about the flight.
• 6．为防发生火灾,请迅速离开飞机.〔 in case of • 7．通告包括预计到达时间,当地的时间和天气状况. • 8．乘务员向乘客简单介绍飞机即将到达的机场和城市.〔 approach • 9．由于等待飞行许可,飞机推迟起飞. • 10．飞机现在有些颠簸,请您回原位坐好,系好安全带.〔 meet with
• 6. Leave the aircraft quickly in case of fire. • 7. The announcement contains estimated time of arrival, local time and weather
小学上册第11次英语第1单元期中试卷
小学上册英语第1单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What do you call a scientist who studies rocks?A. GeologistB. BiologistC. ChemistD. Physicist2.I like to explore with my toy ________ (玩具名称).3.Astronomers can determine a star's age by studying its _______.4.What is the name of the famous American singer known for "Hound Dog"?A. Elvis PresleyB. Chuck BerryC. Buddy HollyD. Little Richard答案:A5.My ________ (玩具名称) is a favorite among my family.6.My friend is __________ (非常聪明).7.The ______ (小鸡) is yellow and fluffy.8.The capybara is a large _______ rodent.9.The chemical formula for sodium sulfate is _______.10.The chemical symbol for fluorine is ______.11.I have a _____ of bubble gum. (piece)12.The process of _______ is when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. (融化)13.What is the primary function of roots in a plant?A. To make foodB. To absorb water and nutrientsC. To provide supportD. To produce flowers答案:B14.We will _______ a big celebration.15.The turtle can live for _______ (许多年).16.What do you call the device used to call someone?A. ComputerB. TelephoneC. TelevisionD. Radio答案:B17.The __________ is known for its unique architecture.18.What is the main function of leaves on a plant?A. Absorb waterB. Make foodC. Provide shelterD. Store energy答案:B19.The chemical formula for cadmium sulfide is _______.20.What do you call a person who studies ancient cultures?A. HistorianB. ArchaeologistC. AnthropologistD. Sociologist21.What do you call the line that separates day from night?A. EquatorB. HorizonC. MeridianD. Latitude答案:B22.My friend is very ________.23.Elements are divided into metals, nonmetals, and ________.24.What do we call the study of ancient cultures?A. AnthropologyB. SociologyC. ArchaeologyD. History答案:C25.The ______ helps us learn about cultural awareness.26.I love to play ________ (桌游) with my family.27.The ______ (草丛) is home to many critters.28.What is the capital of South Korea?A. SeoulB. BusanC. IncheonD. Gwangju答案:A29.The ______ (气候) affects plant growth.30.Gardening can be a wonderful way to foster a deeper appreciation for ______. (园艺是培养对自然更深刻欣赏的绝佳方式。
Primary+School+English+Word+Classification
"pencil," "marker," and "crayon."
02
Stationery materials
This category includes words related to the materials used in
Stationery items, such as plastic, wood, metal, and rubber Some
"red," "blue," "green," and "yellow."
Learning tools
Educational software: This category includes words related to software programs designed for educational purposes, such as math games, language learning programs, and science simulations Some examples are "math game," "language learning program," and "science simulation."
Inspect
Summary words
English words related to insects
Detailed description
Insects are the most diverse group of organisms on Earth, characterized by six legs, antennae, and compound eyes. Here are some common insect related English words: butterfly, bee, ant, fly, mosquito, etc.
民航管制员英语 书 -回复
民航管制员英语书-回复Title: The Role of Air Traffic Controllers in Ensuring Safe and Efficient Aviation OperationsIntroduction:Air traffic control (ATC) is an essential part of the aviation industry, responsible for ensuring safe and efficient movement of aircraft both on the ground and in the air. ATC personnel, also known as air traffic controllers, play a crucial role in managing the flow of air traffic and keeping passengers, crew, and aircraft safe. This article will take an in-depth look at the responsibilities, skills, and challenges faced by air traffic controllers.1. The Role of Air Traffic Controllers:Air traffic controllers are responsible for managing the separation and movement of aircraft in controlled airspace. Their primary duties include:a. Clearances and Instructions:Air traffic controllers issue clearances and instructions to pilots, providing directions on altitude, speed, heading, and routes. These instructions ensure the safe separation of aircraft and facilitate theflow of traffic.b. Monitoring and Communication:Controllers continuously monitor radar screens and communication systems, maintaining situational awareness of the airspace under their jurisdiction. They communicate with pilots to relay information, coordinate clearances, and provide updates on weather conditions or other critical aspects affecting flight operations.c. Conflict Resolution:In case of potential conflicts or airspace congestion, air traffic controllers must assess the situation, make decisions quickly, and adjust flight paths or altitudes to ensure the safety of all aircraft.d. Emergency Response:Air traffic controllers play a pivotal role in emergency situations, such as assisting distressed aircraft, coordinating with search and rescue operations, and providing critical guidance during crisis scenarios.2. Required Skills for Air Traffic Controllers:Being an air traffic controller demands a unique skill set. Some key skills necessary for success in this profession include:a. Strong Communication Skills:Clear and concise communication is vital for air traffic controllers. They must effectively relay instructions and information to pilots while maintaining calm and professionalism.b. Excellent Decision-Making Abilities:Air traffic controllers must make quick and accurate decisions, often under high-stress situations. They need to analyze multiple factors, including weather conditions, aircraft performance, and airspace capacity, to ensure optimal routing and safety.c. Ability to Work Under Pressure:The job of an air traffic controller can be highly stressful, especially during heavy traffic periods or emergencies. Controllers must have the mental resilience to handle this pressure and maintain focus for extended periods.d. Spatial Awareness and Visual Acuity:Controllers must possess excellent spatial awareness and visualacuity to effectively monitor multiple radar screens, scan for potential conflicts, and identify aircraft positions accurately.3. Challenges Faced by Air Traffic Controllers:Air traffic controllers encounter various challenges during their work, such as:a. High Traffic Volume:Airports in major cities often experience heavy air traffic, challenging controllers to manage simultaneous takeoffs, landings, and en-route operations efficiently.b. Weather Conditions:Inclement weather, such as thunderstorms or fog, can create additional complexity for air traffic controllers, requiring rerouting or potential diversions to maintain safe operations.c. Language Barriers:International aviation involves communication between controllers and pilots from different countries. Language barriers can lead to miscommunication, and air traffic controllers must be skilled in handling such situations effectively.d. Fatigue Management:The job often requires working irregular hours, including overnight shifts and extended periods of intense concentration. Air traffic controllers must prioritize rest and manage fatigue to uphold safety standards.Conclusion:Air traffic controllers play a vital role in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the aviation industry. With their exceptional skills in communication, decision-making, and spatial awareness, these professionals manage the complex task of coordinating air traffic in a fast-paced and dynamic environment. Despite the challenges they face, air traffic controllers are an indispensable asset to aviation safety and are instrumental in maintaining the integrity of our global air transportation system.。
空乘机考英语试题及答案
空乘机考英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. What is the full form of "ICAO"?A. International Civil Aviation OrganizationB. International Commercial Aviation OrganizationC. International Communication and Aviation OrganizationD. International Communication Aviation Organization答案：A2. The flight is scheduled to depart at 18:00. What time isit in 24-hour format?A. 6:00 PMB. 18:00C. 6:00D. 6:00 AM答案：B3. Which of the following is not a reason for a flight delay?A. Weather conditionsB. Technical issuesC. Passenger comfortD. Air traffic control答案：C4. What does "ETA" stand for in aviation terminology?A. Estimated Time of ArrivalB. Estimated Time of AscendC. Estimated Time of ApproachD. Estimated Time of Arrival at Gate答案：A5. The flight attendant must ensure that all passengers have their seat belts fastened before the aircraft takes off. What is the correct term for this action?A. Seat belt sign onB. Seat belt sign offC. Seat belt sign upD. Seat belt sign down答案：A6. What is the most common language used for communication between pilots and air traffic control?A. EnglishB. FrenchC. SpanishD. Russian答案：A7. In case of an emergency landing, passengers are instructed to evacuate the aircraft quickly and orderly. What is the term used for this procedure?A. Emergency evacuationB. Normal evacuationC. Delayed evacuationD. Partial evacuation答案：A8. What does "PAX" commonly refer to in the aviation industry?A. PilotB. PassengerC. PlaneD. Package答案：B9. The term "turbulence" refers to what kind of condition in flight?A. Smooth flightB. Bumpy flightC. Flight with no visibilityD. Flight with extreme speed答案：B10. What is the purpose of the pre-flight safety demonstration?A. To entertain passengersB. To inform passengers about safety proceduresC. To show off the aircraft's featuresD. To introduce the flight crew答案：B二、填空题（每题1分，共5分）11. The standard greeting phrase used by flight attendants is "Welcome _______ board."答案：aboard12. The flight attendant must ensure that all passengers are aware of the _______ before takeoff.答案：safety instructions13. In the event of a sudden loss of cabin pressure, oxygen masks will automatically drop from the _______.答案：ceiling14. The term "cleared for landing" means that the aircraft has been given permission to _______.答案：land15. When serving food and beverages, flight attendants must always ask passengers if they would like to "_____ the seat belt" before serving.答案：fasten三、简答题（每题3分，共6分）16. What are the three main types of weather conditions that can affect a flight?答案：The three main types of weather conditions that can affect a flight are turbulence, thunderstorms, and icing conditions.17. Describe the role of a flight attendant during an in-flight emergency.答案：The role of a flight attendant during an in-flight emergency is to assist passengers in evacuating the aircraft quickly and safely, ensuring that they follow the safety procedures, and providing first aid if necessary.四、阅读理解（每题2分，共8分）阅读以下短文，回答下列问题。
民航机务新员工英语题库-原word版
单选题1.An overriding mechanism gives the priority to the mechanical control___ the electrical control. AA. overB. toC. thanD. rather than2.Translate SEC, FAC, ELAC and SFCC. BA. 飞行增稳计算机，扰流板升降舵计算机，升降舵副翼计算机，襟缝翼控制计算机B. 扰流板升降舵计算机，飞行增稳计算机，升降舵副翼计算机，襟缝翼控制计算机C. 升降舵副翼计算机，飞行增稳计算机，扰流板升降舵计算机，襟缝翼控制计算机D. 襟缝翼控制计算机，飞行增稳计算机，升降舵副翼计算机，扰流板升降舵计算机3.What's the full name of FMGEC? DA. flight management guidance and electrical computerB. flight management guidance and enhanced computerC. flight management guidance and electronic computerD. flight management guidance and envelope computer4.The side stick consists of a position transducer, feel mechanism anda ___ detent. CA. solenoid-operatingB. solenoid-operateC. solenoid-operatedD. solenoid-operates5.Which statement about this sentence is not correct: The roll controlof the aircraft is achieved by one wing tip aileron augmented by four spoilers on each wing. DA. The roll control is achieved by aileron and spoilers.B. Ailerons are the primary control of the roll control.C. Spoilers aid the aileron to achieve the roll control.D. Ailerons are the primary control of the roll control as well as spoilers.6._____ an electrical failure, the associated surface is hydraulicallyheld down. BA. in event ofB. in case ofC. in the case ofD. as if7.If you fail part of a test, you have to wait 30 days before you cantake it again, ____ you give a letter to the Examiner showing you’ve gotten additional training in the areas you failed. AA. unlessB. ifC. lessD. but8.What does “threshold” mean in this sentence: A solenoid-operatedmechanism increases the feel force threshold when the autopilot is engaged. DA. a fixed valueB. a fixed locationC. beginning of a new event or developmentD. a limit at which an arrangement changes9.What’s the meaning of “damping mode”? AA. 阻尼模式B.协调转弯C.马赫模式D.荷兰滚10.Try to _____ some time each day for exercise. DA. set apartB. set againstC. set downD. set aside11.What is ATA 22? CA.飞行控制B.起落架C.自动飞行D.液压系统12.To get a repairman’s certificate, you must be employed for a specificjob _____ special qualifications. BA. requiresB. requiringC. requiredD. require13.T he fuselage is generally streamlined ( C ) to reduce drag.A. As much as neededB. So much as possibleC. As much as possibleD. So much like needed14.The fuselage houses the cockpit ( D ) he pilot and flight crew sit and it ____ area_____passengers and cargo.A. Where, provide, toB. On which, provides, toC. In which, supply, forD. Where, provides, for15.Spoilers are devices used to disrupt the airflow over the wing ( C ) reduce the lift on anairplane wing quickly.A. in the order thatB. In order thatC. So as toD. So that16.The trim tabs are to maintain the elevator, rudder, and ailerons ( ___D____) the pilot wisheswithout the pilot maintaining pressure on the controls.A. whatever settingB. On whichever settingC.at whichever settingD. at whatever setting17.Flaps are hinged or pivoted parts of the leading and/or trailing edges of the wing used toincrease lift at reduced speed. The exact explanation for “reduced speed” in the sentence is （ C ）.A. 减速B. 加速C. 低速18.The wheels of most airplanes are D shock absorbing strut that use oil or air to_____the blow of landing.A. Attached, preventB. Attached with, prevent fromC. Attached for, cushion againstD. Attached to, cushion19.The VOR indicates the aircraft course deviation with respect to a preselectedcourse. How do you explain the “aircraft course”and “with respect to”in the sentence A .A. 飞行轨迹，相较于B. 飞行程序，考虑到C. 飞行航向，考虑到D. 飞行程序，相较于20. C is the best responsive sentence to “Cockpit to ground.”when you arehaving a conversation with a pilot in the cockpit.A. RogerB. OKC. Go aheadD. What’s the problem?21.The ADF enables the bearings of one or two ADF ground transmitter stations tobe permanently indicated with respect to the aircraft heading. BA. 轴承、地面电台、飞机朝向B. 方向、地面发射台、飞机航向C. 轴承、地面发射塔、飞机朝向D. 方向、地面电台、飞机航向22.Independent position determining part of the navigation system, which is basicallyindependent of ground installations, provides data on the position of the aircraft.CA. 依附于B. 单一的C. 独立于D. 可靠的23.The system monitors the trajectory of the other aircraft for the purpose ofdetermining if any of them constitute a potential collision hazard. The most appropriate explanation is DA. 航向、确定、制定B. 轨迹、判断、选派C. 航向、决断、形成D. 轨迹、决断、构成24.If a potential conflict exists, the system provides the pilots with aural and visualadvisories the vertical avoidance maneuvers. BA. that indicatesB. which indicateC. which indicatesD. where indicates25.Which is the full name of AMM? BA.Airline Maintenance ManualB.Aircraft Maintenance ManualC.Aircraft Manual Maintenance26.Translate“高度、姿态、平尾” DA.attitude、altitude、stabilizerB.altitude、attitude、horizon stabilizerC.altitude、attitude、stabiliatorD.altitude、attitude、stabilator27. The engines, which are usually located ____ the wings, provide the____to push the airplane forward through the air. BA. beneath, liftB. beneath, thrustC. above, liftD.above, thrust28.The Shenzhen Airlines' airplane fuselage contains these followingparts: DA.cockpit and cabinB.flight compartmentC.cockpit and cargoD.cockpit,cabin and cargo29. What are the words for"牵引、转弯、滑行"? CA.tow, turn,pushB.pull,turn,pushC.tow,steer,taxiD.pull,steer,taxi30.Which is the best answer for "We have a problem with the engine failure"in the conversation between pilots and mechanics? AA.What is the problem actually?B.Go aheadC.It's OK to start engines during the push31.The yaw control is mainly achieved by ___ . DA.elevatorB.spoilerC.vertical stabilizerD.rudder32.Elevator ___ horizontal stabilizer. AA. attaches toB.belowC.on the surface ofD.in front of33.Which surface is not located on the wings？ DA.spoilerB.slatC.aileronD.horizontal stabilizer34.What's the full name of SD? CA.Side displayB.Shut downC.System displayD.Selected direction35.Basic wing structure ____ left, center and right wing sections. BA.is based onB.consists ofC.is in charge ofD.is independent of36.What's the Chinese translation of "scavenge oil filter"? BA.旁通油滤B.回油滤C.旁通油塞D.回油塞37.Left engine refers to ___ AA.No.1 engineB.NO.2 engine38.Which one is ATA27？ CA. Auto FlightB. Automatic FlightC. Flight controlD. Navigation39.Choose the right words for 迎角、空中交通管制、近地警告系统 DA.AOA, ATC, EPWRSB. AOA, TCAS, GWPSC.ADF, TCAS, EPGWSD.AOA, ATC, GPWS40.Which word has the different meaning from other words? DA. mountB. attachC.installD.calculate41.What is the full name for "ADIRS" BA. air data inert referense systyemB. air data inertial reference systemC. air data inertial reference systemD. air data inertial referense systyem42.What is the opposite word for "identical"? AA. differentB.cross-sectionalC.same43.What is the full name for "T2CAS" CA. traffic collision avoidance systemB. traffic and track crash avoidance systemC. traffic and terrain collison avoidance systemD. traffic and terrey collison avodience system44.Translate“储压器” AA. accumulatorB.actuatorC.acceleratorD.annucaitor45.Translate the following words:interogattor,altimeter,transceiver DA.干扰机、高度表、接收器B.询问机、姿态表、接收机C.收发机、高度表、发射机D.询问机、高度表、收发机46.Translate “最大、最小、慢车” CA.maximum, minimum, slow thrustB.minimum, maximum, gentle thrustC.maximum, minimum, idle thrustD.minimum, maximum, gentle thrust47.What are the words for"刹车、轮挡、关车"? DA.chock, brake, shut downB.brake, chock, shut upC.chock, fitting, shut upD.brake, chock, shut down48.In China，which regulation sets the requirements to get maintenancecertificate? AAR-66AR-147C.FAR-66D.FAR-14749.What's the Chinese translation of "dutch roll damping"? CA.协调转弯B.阻尼模式C.荷兰滚阻尼D.马赫模式50.The radio altimeter______ two transceivers and four identical antennas.DA. is composed ofB.containsprisesD. all of the above51. What is the opposite meaning of “accelerate”？ CA.ascendB.descendC.decelerateD.stow52.Which one of these following equipments is not used for measuring theamount/number of something? DA. acceloerometerB.barometerC.altimeterD.localizer53.What's the correctest understanding about this sentence: The EFIScontrols the operation of weather radar and superimposes the weather picture on the navigation display. DA. The EFIS controls the operation of weather radar and puts the weather picture on the navigation display.B. The EFIS controls the operation of weather radar and puts the weather picture on top of the picture displayed on the navigation display.C. The EFIS controls the operation of weather radar and puts the weather picture on top of the picture displayed on the navigation display, so that what is underneath can no be seen.D.The EFIS controls the operation of weather radar and puts the weather picture on top of the picture displayed on the navigation display and both pictures can be seen.54.What's the meaning of "The engine components can stay hot for up toone hour"? BA. The engine component will stay hot for more than one hour.B. The longest time that the engine component will stay hot is one hour.C. The engine component will stay hot for less than one hour.D. The shortest time that the engine component will stay hot is one hour. 填空题1.达到要求，符合要求meet the requirement2.ECU engine control unit3.起动活门start valve4.执行execute、perform5.子系统subsystem6.放行dispatch7.泄露（名词）leakage8.中央仪表面板center instrument panel9.关闭，停车shut down10.位置传感器position transducer11.把…转变为…convert into12.远离，离开stay out of13.放慢速度slow down14.停留刹车parking brake15.内话机interphone16.目视测量表sight gage17.进一步检查further inspection18.ISIS integrated standby instrument system19.RMI radio magnetic indicator20.静压管static probe21.DME distance measuring equipment22.下滑信标天线glide slope antenna23.移除，拆除（名词）removal24.中央操纵台center pedestal。
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13
System Control (cont’d)
Component Control
Controllers
sense state at one point in system control flow at another point to match set point
Integrated control
9
Air Loop Syntax Map
Air Loop Input Structure/Map
Air Primary Loop data Controller List System Availability Manager List Branch List Connector List
Supply Air Controller List
Branch List
branch name 1, branch name 2, …..
Connector List
Connector type, connector name
10
Air Primary Loop
Controller List System Availability Manager List Branch List Connector List Connection to Zone Equipment
2
Keywords Covered in this Lecture
Air Primary Loop System Availability Manager List System Availability Manager:Scheduled System Availability Manager:Night Cycle Controller List Controller:Simple
Thermostat on/off tolerance Cycling run time Control zone name
19
System Availability Manager:Night Cycle-Example
SYSTEM AVAILABILITY MANAGER:NIGHT CYCLE, VAV Sys 1 Avail, !- Name SysAvailApplicSch, !- Applicability schedule name FanAvailSched, !- Fan schedule name Cycle On Any, !- Control type 4.0, !- thermostat on/off tolerance {deltaC} 7200.; !- Cycling run time {s}
15
System Availability Managers
Scheduled
System availability determined by an on/off schedule
Night Cycle
Used to cycle an air system on when one or more zones becomes too hot or too cold
16
System Availability Manager List
Lists all of the applicable system availability managers for a given air loop
SYSTEM AVAILABILITY MANAGER LIST, Furnace- Avail List, !- Name SYSTEM AVAILABILITY MANAGER:SCHEDULED, !- Type Furnace- Avail; !- System Availability Manager Name 1
18
System Availability Manager:Night Cycle
Applicability schedule name Fan schedule name Control type
Stay Off, Cycle On Any, Cycle On Control Zone, Cycle On Any - Zone Fans Only
When we say “Air Loop” we will normally mean the supply side of the overall air loop “Zone Equipment” will mean the demand side: all the stuff specific to a zone If no central air system, then there will be only zone equipment
5
Describing a Central Forced Air System (cont’d)
Outside Air Supply Fan
CC
Supply Side/Air Primary Loop
Relief Air
Mixed Outside Air Box
Cooling Coil
Resistive Zone VAV Box:ReHeat Zone Air Splitter
12
System Control
High Level
Similar to an energy management system Set Point Managers
algorithms establish fluid loop set points
Availability Managers
make global on/off decisions
3
Describing a Central Forced Air System
Can be thought of as an “Air Loop” with 2 “sides”:
Supply side: air primary loop and its associated objects
central fans, coils, etc.
Lecture 15: Air Primary Loops and Controls
Material prepared by GARD Analytics, Inc. and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign under contract to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. All material Copyright 2002-2003 U.S.D.O.E. - All rights reserved
17
System Availability Manager:Scheduled
Simple on/off schedule
SYSTEM AVAILABILITY MANAGER:SCHEDULED, Furnace- Avail, FanAndCoilAvailSched; !- Name !- Schedule name
Demand side: controlled zone equip configuration and its associated objects
air terminal units, fan coils, etc.
4
Describing a Central Forced Air System (cont’d)
Zone Equipment Group Inlets
8
Air Loop Layout (cont’d)
Outside Air Supply Fan Heating/Cooling Coil
Mixed Outside Air Box
Relief Air Air Loop Inlet Node Zone Equip Outlet Node Air Loop Outlet Node Zone Equip Inlet Node
Purpose of this Lecture
Gain an understanding of how to:
Define primary air loops in EnergyPlus Control their operation and availability for conditioning thermal zones
20
Set Point Managers
Scheduled
Uses a schedule to determine one or more set points
Outside Air
Sets the supply air temperature according to the outside air temperature using a reset rule Reset schedule determined by the supply air set point temperature at the outside high and low temperature
component controllers in order of priority; defined by CONTROL:... syntax
System Availability Ma as: System Availability Manager:Scheduled etc.
control integrated within component
14
System Control (cont’d)
Plant: component sequencing & load management Control is ideal
PI/PID control is not modeled – would require shorter time steps