《西方经济学》期末考试试卷附答案

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《西方经济学》期末考试复习题及参考答案

《西方经济学》期末考试复习题及参考答案

西方经济学复习题(课程代码392372)一、名词解释。

1、均衡价格2、财政政策3、机会成本4、边际效用递减规律5、生产可能性曲线6、替代效应和收入效应7、国内生产总值8、需求价格弹性10、固定成本二、判断题并说明理由。

1、时间对生产者是稀缺资源,但对消费者不是。

()2、失业率等于失业人口除以人口总数。

()3、企业在市场上购买生产要素所引起的费用是机会成本。

()4、政府增加支出、减少税收,是属于扩张性的货币政策。

()5、在MR=MC的均衡产量上,企业必然获得最大的利润。

()6、工资上涨引起的通货膨胀也称为需求拉动的通货膨胀。

()7、公开市场业务是指商业银行在公开市场上买卖政府债券的活动。

()8、需求规律说明一般商品价格上涨,将引起其需求量下降。

()9、吉芬商品是一种正常品,当价格上升时,人们将增加对它的需求。

()三、计算题。

1、画出照相机的供给曲线和需求曲线。

2、计算价格在80元~100元之间和在100元~120元价格之间的需求价格弹性。

3、计算价格在80~100元之间的供给价格弹性。

4、照相机的均衡价格和均衡数量为多少?(二)1998年美国小麦生产的供给曲线为:Qs=1944+207P。

对美国生产的小麦的需求曲线为:QD =3244—283P。

1、该年小麦的均衡价格是多少?小麦的均衡数量是多少?2、均衡时,小麦的需求价格弹性是多少?3、均衡时,小麦的供给价格弹性是多少?4、假设干旱使小麦的供给减少,预测小麦价格将上升还是下降?(三)已知某一经济社会的如下数据:工资100亿元利息10亿元租金30亿元消费支出90亿元利润30亿元投资支出60亿元出口额60亿元进口额70亿元所得税30亿元政府转移支付5亿元政府用于商品的支出30亿元试求:1、按收入法计算GDP;2、按支出法计算GDP;3、计算政府预算赤字;4、净出口。

四、问答题1、试述治理通货膨胀有哪些方法?2、需求交叉价格弹性是什么?根据需求交叉弹性的大小如何对商品进行分类?3、一切经济社会面临的三大基本问题是什么?市场经济如何解决这三大问题?4、简要分析消费者均衡的条件?5、失业的类型有哪些?6、结合图形分析商品均衡价格的形成过程。

江南大学西方经济学期末考试试卷答案参考真题笔记复习资料

江南大学西方经济学期末考试试卷答案参考真题笔记复习资料

D 取得超额利润,发生亏损及获得正常利润三种情况都可能发生。
益做决策,结果是一方输而另一方赢。(x)
7.完全考垄试形断式厂开商卷的(产)品、需闭卷求(弹√性)E,d=在1选时项,上(打(b√))。 A 总收开益课最教小研室 国B 贸总收益最大命题教C 师总收徐益敏递丽增等 D 总收命益题递时减间 2008-6-2
使用学期 2007-2008 第二学期
总张数 4
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6.边际收益产品是指增加一单位某要素投入带来的产量所增加的收益,江它南大等学于继续教育学院
要素的边际物质产品和边际收益的乘积。( v ) 7.自发投资支出增加 10 亿美元,会使 IS 右移 10 亿美元
(x) 8.在长期中,通货膨胀和失业之间没有交替关系( v )
A 与纵轴相交
B 经过原点
“√”,错误的命题在括号里划“×”。
C 与平均产量曲线相交
D 与横轴相交
1.保持所有其他因素不变,某种商品的价格下降,将导致需求增加。(x)
5.MC曲线达到最低时( a)
2.一个消费者将所有收入花费在两种商品 A 和 B 上,消费者均衡条件是
A MP最大 C TC最大
B AVC最小 D AC最小
MUA/PA=MUB/PB。(v) 3.当可变投入要素的 AP 为零时,TP 达到最大。(x)
6.垄断竞争厂商短期均衡时( d )。
4.完全竞争市场的厂商短期供给曲线是指 MC>AVC 中的那部分 MC 曲线。
A 厂商一定能获得超额利润 B 厂商一定不能获得超额利润
( v )。
C 只能得到正常利润
5.所谓“囚徒困境”指的是在涉及两方的简单博弈中双方都独立按照自己的利

西方经济学期末试题和答案

西方经济学期末试题和答案

1.其他条件不变时,消费者收入增加将导致对正常商品的C;A.需求量增加B.需求量减少C.需求增加D.需求减少2.在C情况下,均衡价格必然上升;A.需求和供给都增加B.需求和供给都减少C.需求增加供给减少D.需求减少供给增加3.等产量曲线上某一点的斜率的绝对值表示B;A.两种商品的边际转换率B.两种要素的边际技术替代率C.两种商品的价格比率D.两种商品的边际替代率4.在完全竞争市场,如果价格等于长期平均成本,那么A;A.行业内厂商数量不变B.原有厂商退出这个行业C.新厂商要进入这个行业D.既有厂商进入也有厂商退出该行业5.若某商品价格上升2%,其需求量下降10%,则该商品的需求价格弹性是C;A.缺乏弹性B.单一弹性C.富有弹性D.完全弹性或完全无弹性6.当边际产量大于平均产量时A;A.平均产量增加B.平均产量减少C.平均产量不变D.平均产量达到最低点7.已知产量为8个单位时,总成本为80元,当产量增加到9个单位时,平均成本为11元,那么此时的边际成本为C;A.1元B.88元C.19元D.20元8.边际收益产量MRP是衡量D;A.多生产一单位产量所导致的TR的增加量B.多生产一单位产量所导致的TC的增加量C.增加一单位某投入要素引起的TC的增加量D.增加一单位某投入要素引起的TR的增加量9.经济学产生的原因是C;A.生产的需要B.欲望满足的需要C.稀缺性的存在与选择的必要D.选择的需要10.生产契约曲线上的点表示生产者D;A.获得了最大利润B.支出了最小成本C.通过生产要素的重新配置提高了总产量D.生产要素得到了最优配置1.试论商品的均衡价格是怎样形成的;答:1一种商品的均衡价格是指该种商品的市场需求量和市场供给量相等时的价格;在均衡价格水平下的相等的供求数量被称为均衡数量;2均衡价格的形成;商品的均衡价格表现为商品市场上需求和供给这两种相反的力量共同作用的结果,它是在市场的供求力量的自发调节下形成的;当市场价格偏离均衡价格时,市场上会出现需求量和供给量不相等的非均衡的状态;一般说来,在市场机制的作用下,这种供求不相等的非均衡状态会逐步消失,实际的市场价格会自动地回复到均衡价格水平;当市场价格高于均衡价格时,会出现供大于求的局面;面对这种供给量大于需求量的商品过剩或超额供给的市场状况,一方面会使需求者压低价格来得到他要购买的数量,另一方面,又会使供给者减少商品的供给量;这样,该商品的价格必然下降,一直下降到均衡价格为止;相反地,当市场价格低于均衡价格时,会出现供不应求的局面;面对这种需求量大于供给量的商品短缺或超额需求的市场状况,一方面,迫使需求者提高价格来得到他所要购买的商品量,另一方面,又使供给者增加商品的供给量;这样,该商品的价格必然上升,一直上升到均衡价格的水平;由此可见,当实际价格偏离时,市场上总存在着使实际价格变化的力量,最终达到市场的均衡价格;2、对正常物品而言,为什么消费者的需求曲线向右下方倾斜试运用收入效应和替代效应加以说明;答:一种商品的价格变化会引起该商品需求量的变化,这种变化可以被分为替代效应和收入效应两个部分,即总效用=替代效应+收入效应;其中,由商品的价格变动所引起的实际收入水平变动,进而由实际收入变动所引起的商品需求量的变动,为收入效应;由一种商品的价格变动所引起的两种商品价格的相对变动,进而引起的商品需求量的变动为替代效应;收入效应表示消费者的效用水平发生了变化,替代效应则不改变消费者的效用水平;对正常物品来说,替代效应与价格的变化方向相反,收入效应也与价格的变化方向相反,从而总效应必定与价格的变化方向相反;因此,正常物品的需求曲线向右下方倾斜;我们以价格下降为例分析正常物品的收入效应和替代效应;如图3-1所示;消费者原有预算线A1B1,并与无差异曲线U1相切于E1,均衡数量E1X1,Y1,当商品价格发生变化时,按替代效应,当X的价格从PX1降至PX2,消费者会减少对Y的部分购买而增加对X的需求量,对Y的部分购买力会转移到X上,以便维持总效用水平不变,所以预算线移至A2B2,并与U1相切于E2,引起X 的需求量从X1增至X2,Y的需求量从Y1减至Y2;但是,实际上,Y的价格并没有发生变化,所以必须从已分析的结论中剔除Y的价格上涨而导致对Y需求量减少的影响,即以因为商品X的价格下降而使消费者的实际收入水平增加的形式,使预算线从A2B2平移至A3B1,并与一条代表更高效用水平的无差异曲线U2相切于E3;此时,均衡数量是:X从X2增至X3,Y从Y2增至Y3;可见,价格效应引起的数量变化可分成两部分,X1X2的数量变化是替代效应的影响,X2 X3的数量变化是收入效应的影响,而价格效应X1X3的数量变化,恰好等于替代效应和收入效应两种影响之和;即:价格效应X1 X3=替代效应X1 X2+收入效应X2 X3上式被称为希克斯方程;当商品价格变化时,如果引起的替代效应和收入效应都与价格变动方向相反,即价格下降,替代效应和收入效应都为正值,则价格效应也为正值,说明该商品价格与需求量之间的变动关系符合需求规律,需求曲线向右下方倾斜,这类商品被称为正常商品;如图3-1所示,即为正常商品的价格效应;3、某企业经理想聘用一名工人来生产一批产品,那么他应该更多考虑的是劳动的平均产量还是劳动的边际产量为什么答:在该经理考虑聘用工人时,他更多的是关心劳动的边际产量而不是劳动的平均产量;这是因为,厂商在生产时,理性的决策区域是在劳动的第二阶段;在该区域中,劳动的边际产量和平均产量均是递减的,但其中却可能存在使劳动最大化的点;劳动的第二阶段的右界点是劳动的边际产量为零的点,此时总产量曲线达到最大点;在此之前,总产量曲线不断上升,生产者是不会停留下来,而会继续生产的;在这一点之后,生产者的总产量曲线下降直到总产量为零;所以说,只要该经理增雇的该名工人的边际产量大于零,即能够带来总产量的增加,经理就会雇佣他;4、外部性对资源配置有何影响为什么在交易成本为零的条件下,明晰产权可以消除外部性答:“外部性”是指某个经济主体的行为给他人福利带来了一定的没有被计入到交易价格之中的影响;分积极的外部性和消极的外部性两种;外部性不利于资源的合理配置;如果某种产品的生产存在“积极外部性”,则该产品的社会边际收益大于社会边际成本,从社会的角度来说,该产品生产太少;如果某种产品的生产存在“消极外部性”,则该产品的社会边际收益小于社会边际成本,从社会的角度来说,该产品生产太多;“外部性”本质上是产权不明晰的结果;在交易成本为零的条件下,产权的明晰与交易可以使“外部性”内在化,消除外部性;5.生产一个蛋糕需要5个鸡蛋,此时你有4个鸡蛋,那么当你有第5个鸡蛋时,第5个鸡蛋的边际效用似乎超过第4个鸡蛋的边际效用,这是否违反了边际效用递减规律答:这并不违反边际效用递减规律;因为边际效应是指物品的消费量每增加或减少一单位所增加或减少的总效用的量;这里的单位是一个完整的商品单位;对于这种需要5个鸡蛋才能生产的蛋糕而言,5个鸡蛋才是一个整体单位,4个鸡蛋不能生产一个蛋糕,因而每个鸡蛋都不是一个有效用的物品;因此,不能说第5个鸡蛋的边际效用超过第4个鸡蛋;6、为什么存在生产或消费的外部经济或外部不经济的情况下不能达到帕累托最优状态答:存在生产或消费的外部经济或外部不经济的情况下,私人利益和社会利益,私人成本和社会成本往往是不一致的;一项经济活动存在外部经济时,人们从该项活动中得到的私人利益会小于社会利益,而存在外部不经济时,人们从事该项活动所付出的成本又会小于社会成本;令Rp 、RS和Cp、Cs分别代表某人从事某项经济活动所能获得的私人利益、社会利益、私人成本和社会成本,假如存在生产的外部经济,即Rp <Rs,又假设Rp<Cp<Rs,则此人显然不会进行该活动;这表明资源配置没有达到帕累托最优,因为从上述两个不等式中可以得到:Rs -Rp>Cp-Rp,这一新不等式说明,社会上由此得到的好处Rs -Rp大于私人从事这项活动所受到的损失Cp -Rp;可见,这个人如果从事这项活动的话,从社会上其他人所得到的好处中拿出一部分来补偿进行这项活动的私人所受到的损失以后还会有多余,即可使其他人状况变好而没有任何人状况变坏;这说明,存在外部经济的情况下,私人活动的水平常常低于社会所要求的水平;存在外部不经济的情况下,结果正好相反;计算题1.成本不变行业中,某个完全竞争厂商的长期成本函数为:LTC=0.1q3-4q2+100为厂商的产量,市场需求函数:Q=9 000-100PQ为该行业的销售量;求:1厂商长期均衡产量和销售价格;2该行业的长期均衡产量;3行业长期均衡时的厂商数量;解:1厂商的长期平均成本为:;厂商总是在长期平均最低处达到长期均衡,且长期均衡时,LAC=P;故有,,;2行业的长期均衡产量Q=9 000-100P=3 000;2、已知某消费者的效用函数U=4x+8y+xy+12,其预算线方程为x+2y=8,求:1消费者达到均衡时的x、y的值;2货币的边际效用;3消费者均衡时得到的效用;3、某完全垄断厂商的产品需求函数为Q=100-2P,成本函数为AC=MC=10,试计算并比较该厂商以完全垄断的方式经营与以完全竞争的方式经营,其效率有何差别4、假定某商品的需求函数为P=120-3Qd ,供给函数为P=5Qs;计算:1该商品的均衡价格和均衡数量;2该商品均衡点的需求弹性和供给弹性;。

西方经济学期末试题和答案

西方经济学期末试题和答案

1.其余条件不变时 , 花费者收入增添将致使对正常商品的(C)。

A.需求量增添B.需求量减少C.需求增添D.需求减少2.在( C)状况下,平衡价钱必然上升。

A.需乞降供应都增添B.需乞降供应都减少C.需求增添供应减少 D .需求减少供应增添3.等产量曲线上某一点的斜率的绝对值表示(B)。

A.两种商品的边沿变换率B.两种因素的边沿技术代替率C.两种商品的价钱比率 D .两种商品的边沿代替率4.在完好竞争市场,假如价钱等于长久均匀成本,那么(A)。

A.行业内厂商数目不变B.原有厂商退出这个行业C.新厂商要进入这个行业 D .既有厂商进入也有厂商退出该行业5.若某商品价钱上升2%,其需求量降落10%,则该商品的需求价钱弹性是(C)。

A.缺少弹性B.单调弹性C.富裕弹性 D .完好弹性或完好无弹性6.当边沿产量大于均匀产量时(A)。

A.均匀产量增添B.均匀产量减少C.均匀产量不变 D .均匀产量达到最低点7.已知产量为 8 个单位时,总成本为 80 元,当产量增添到 9 个单位时,均匀成本为 11 元,那么此时的边沿成本为( C)。

A.1 元B.88 元C.19元D.20元8.边沿利润产量( MRP)是权衡( D )。

A.多生产一单位产量所致使的TR 的增添量B.多生产一单位产量所致使的TC 的增添量C.增添一单位某投入因素惹起的TC 的增添量D .增添一单位某投入因素惹起的TR 的增添量9.经济学产生的原由是(C)。

A.生产的需要B.欲念知足的需要C.稀缺性的存在与选择的必需 D .选择的需要10.生产契约曲线上的点表示生产者( D )。

A.获取了最大利润B.支出了最小成本C.经过生产因素的从头配置提升了总产量 D .生产因素获取了最优配置1.试论商品的平衡价钱是如何形成的。

答:(1)一种商品的平衡价钱是指该种商品的市场需求量和市场供应量相等时的价钱。

在平衡价钱水平下的相等的供求数目被称为平衡数目。

(2)平衡价钱的形成。

西方经济学期末考试试题及答案

西方经济学期末考试试题及答案

西方经济学期末考试试题一、填空题(每空1分,共20分)1.选择就是如何使用——的决策。

有限资源2.价格机制包括一、————以及——一·价格调节经济的条件价格在调节经济中的作用价格调节经济的方式3.如果把等产量线与等成本线合在一个图上,那么等成本线必定与无数条等产量线中的一条相切于一点,在这个切点上就实现了——。

生产要素最适组合或生产者均衡4.会计成本是指企业生产与经营中的——。

各种实际支出5.垄断企业实行歧视定价可以实现更大的利润,其基本原则是对需求富有弹性的消费者收取——价,对需求缺乏弹性的消费者收取——价。

低高6.收入再分配政策主要有两大类,即——和——·税收政策社会福利政策7.摩擦性失业是经济中由于——而引起的失业。

正常的劳动力流动8.总需求一总供给模型是要说明——与————的决定的。

均衡的国内生产总值物价水平9.简单的凯恩斯主义模型说明了在短期中,——是决定均衡国内生产总值的最重要因素。

总需求(总支出)10.在LM曲线不变的情况下,自发总支出增加,IS曲线向——移动,从而国内生产总值——,利率——。

右上方增加上升11.经济周期的中心是——。

国内生产总值的波动12.在开放经济中,出口的增加会使均衡的国内生产总值——,贸易收支状况——·增加改善二、单项选择题1.一种商品的需求曲线向右下方倾斜,如果生产该种商品的生产要素的价格上升,那么:( )C. 均衡数量减少,均衡价格上升2.某人愿意用20元买第一件衬衫,愿意用35元买头两件衬衫。

第二件衬衫的边际效用是:( ) C. 153.内在经济是指:( )A.一个企业在生产规模扩大时由自身内部所引起的产量增加4.在短期中,当边际成本曲线位于平均成本曲线上方时:( )B.平均成本是递增的5.完全竞争市场上,一个企业的短期供给曲线是指在停止营业点之上的;( )B. 边际成本曲线6.在经济增长中起着最大作用的因素是:( )C. 技术7.短期总供给曲线向右上方倾斜,该曲线变为一条垂线的条件是:( )D.总供给受到了资源和其他因素的制约8.公开市场活动是指:( )C. 中央银行在金融市场上买进或卖出有价证券9.根据对菲利普斯曲线的解释,货币主义得出的政策结论是:( )C. 宏观经济政策只在短期中有用,而在长期中无用10.清洁浮动是指:( )A.汇率完全由外汇市场自发地决定三、判断正误题:正确的命题在括号里划“√”,错误的命题在括号里划“X”。

西方经济学期末考试试卷答案参考

西方经济学期末考试试卷答案参考

合肥职工大学考试卷专用纸一、单项选择题:(每小题“√”,错误的命题在括号里划“×”。

1.保持所有其他因素不变,某种商品的价格下降,将导致需求增加。

(合 肥 职 工 大 学 考 试 卷 专 用 纸五、计算题:(本题8分,每题32分) 1.某厂商的生产函数为Q=L 1/4K 3/4,假定P L =1元,P K =3元,试问该厂商生产100单位产品时应使用多少单位的L 和K 才能使成本减至最低,且最低成本为多少? L=100, k=100, C=4002.完全垄断厂商的总成本为TC=Q3 -10Q2+20Q+300,市场需求为:P=320-10Q,求:完全垄断厂商均衡价格,均衡产量以及垄断利润是多少?Q=10, P=220, lirun=17003.假定某经济社会的消费函数为C=100+0.8Y D (Y D 为可支配收入),投资支出I=50,政府购买G=250,政府转移支付TR=200,税收T 0=200,t=0.25。

试求: (1) 均衡的国民收入, (2) 假定该社会达到充分就业所需要的国民收入为1100,若用增加政府购买实现充分就业,需要多少数额?若用减少税收实现充分就业,需要多少数额? Y=1000 增加G=40,减少T=50 4.假设一个四部门经济中,消费C=200+0.9 y d ,政府购买支出为50,政府转移支付TR=30,税收T=30+0.3y ,投资I=90-34r ;在货币市场上,价格水平为1.2,货币供给M=120,货币需求L=0.2y-20r (单位都是亿元)。

(1)求IS 和LM 曲线,及均衡收入,利率。

(r=2.5;y=750) (2)若此时政府对经济实行干预,政府购买支出增加34,均衡收入是多少?是否存在挤出效应?(r=3;y=800)六、论述分析题:(任意做一题, 本题9分)1.假定消费者购买A 和B 两种商品,假定此时MU A /P A =MU B /P B ,若P A 下跌,消费者收入M ,P B 保持不变,则B 的购买量情况如何变化?2.2008年以来CPI 连续四个月同比增长平均超过了8%,抑制经济中出现通货膨胀,是政府主要的宏观经济政策目标之一。

2020-2021某大学《西方经济学》(双语)期末课程考试试卷B(含答案)

2020-2021某大学《西方经济学》(双语)期末课程考试试卷B(含答案)

2020-2021《西方经济学》(双语)期末课程考试试卷B注意:请在答题纸上作答,考试时间120分钟,可以翻阅纸质字典,不得携带电子词典及手机等。

Part 1: True-False question (10×1′=10′)1. Economists use the word equity to describe a situation in which every member of society would have the same income. ()2. When economists refer to people making decisions “at the margin” they mean that people compare the costs and benefits of each decision. ( )3. If a good is “normal,” then an increase in income will result in a decrease in the demand for the good. ( )4. If the price of a comp etitive firm’s output increased, marginal revenue and the profit-maximizing level of output would both increase. ( )5. Payroll taxes cause wages received by workers to fall and wages paid by firms to rise. ( )6. The relative price of two goods equals the marginal rate of substitution. ( )7. If the price of apples increases more than the price of other goods, the weight of the apples in the CPI stays the same, but should decrease to accurately reflect the change in the cost-of-living. ( )8. In the short run a firm should never shut down. ( )9. If an industry becomes unionized, wages in that industry tend to rise, while employment in that industry tends to fall. ( )10. FOMC policy decisions have an important influence on t he economy’s rate of inflation and level of employment in the long run. ( )Part 2: Single Choice (40×1′=40′)1. Economics deals primarily with the concept of ()a. changeb. powerc. povertyd. scarcity2. The opportunity cost of an item is ( )a. what you give up to get that item.b. always equal to the dollar value of the item.c. always less than the dollar value of the item.d. the number of hours needed to earn the money to buy it.3. A market is a ( )a. place where only buyers come together.b. place where only sellers meet.c. group of people with common desires.d. group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service.4. In a free market system, what is the mechanism for rationing scarce resources? ( )a. the governmentb. pricesc. buyersd. sellers5. Economists compute the price elasticity of demand as ( )a. percentage change in the price divided by the percentage change in quantity demanded.b. change in quantity demanded divided by the change in the price.c. percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price.d. percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income.6. Suppose the price of product X is reduced from $1.45 to $1.25 and, as a result, the quantity of X demanded increases from 2,000 to 2,200. Using the midpoint method, the price elasticity of demand for X in the given price range is ( )a. 0.64b. 1.00c. 1.55d. 2.007. Price controls are ( )a. established by firms with monopoly power.b. used to make markets more efficient.c. nearly always effective in eliminating inequities.d. usually enacted when policymakers believe that the market price of a good or service is unfair to buyers or sellers.8. What is true about the burden of a tax imposed on popcorn? ( )a. Sellers bear the entire burden of the tax.b. Buyers bear the entire burden of the tax.c. Buyers and sellers share the burden of the tax.d. The government bears the entire burden of the tax.9. The equilibrium of supply and demand in a market ( )a. maximizes the profits of producers.b. minimizes the costs incurred by consumers.c. maximizes the total benefits received by buyers and sellers.d. minimizes the expenditures of buyers.10. If a consumer is willing and able to pay $15.50 for a particular good but the price of the good is $16.00, then the ( )a. market must not be a perfectly competitive market.b. consumer would have consumer surplus of $0.50.c. consumer would not purchase the good and would not have any consumer surplus.d. consumer would increase his/her willingness and ability to pay by earning more.11. When a tax is levied on a good ( )a. buyers are worse off but sellers are not.b. sellers are worse off but buyers are not.c. neither buyers nor sellers are worse off.d. both buyers and sellers are worse off.12. As the size of a tax increases ( )a. the deadweight loss from the tax remains constant.b. the deadweight loss from the tax declines.c. the deadweight loss from the tax increases.d. no one knows how the deadweight loss changes because no tax has ever been reduced.13. Countries usually impose restrictions on free foreign trade to protect ( )a. domestic consumersb. foreign consumersc. foreign producersd. domestic producers14. When a quota is imposed on a market the ( )a. supply curve (above the world price) shifts to the left by the amount of the quota.b. supply curve (above the world price) shifts to the right by the amount of the quota.c. demand curve (above the world price) shifts to the right by the amount of the quota.d. demand curve (above the world price) shifts to the left by the amount of the quota.15. Some restaurants are open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. In which of the following cases would it necessarily make sense for a restaurant to shut down for a meal? ( )a. Total revenues are less than total costs, but greater than variable costs.b. Total revenues are less than variable costs.c. Total revenues are less than sunk costs.d. All of the above are correct.16. Economies of scale arise when ( )a. an economy is self-sufficient in production.b. individuals in a society are self-sufficient.c. workers are able to specialize in a particular task.d. fixed costs are large relative to variable costs.17. In a competitive market, the actions of any single buyer or seller will ( )a. have a negligible impact on the market price.b. adversely affect the profitability of more than one firm in the market.c. cause a noticeable change in market production and price.d. have little effect on market production, but ultimately change price.18. In a perfectly competitive market, the process of entry or exit ends when ( )a. firms are operating with excess capacity.b. firms are making zero economic profit.c. firms experience decreasing marginal revenue.d. price is equal to marginal cost.19. A monopoly’s marginal cost will most likely ( )a. exceed its marginal revenue.b. be less than average fixed cost.c. be less than the market price of its goods.d. equal average total cost.20. OPEC often holds oil production below capacity in an effort to ( )a. compel consumers to search for oil substitutes.b. compel consumers to conserve oil.c. keep prices above the competitive level.d. create a shift in the demand for oil.21. Because each oligopolist cares about its own profit rather than the collective profit of their industry ( )a. society is worse-off.b. they are unable to maintain monopoly power.c. they are able to maximize industry profits.d. All of the above are correct.22. Very often, the reason that players can solve the prisoners’ dilemma game and reach the most profitable outcome is that ( )a. the game becomes more competitive.b. they play the game not once, but many times.c. each player tries to capture a large portion of the market share.d. All of the above can solve the prisoners’ dilemma.23. Which of the following leads to a parallel shift of the budget line? ( )a. a 10 percent increase in the price of both goodsb. a 20 percent reduction in the price of both goodsc. a 30 percent increase in incomed. a 10 percent increase in the price of one of the goods only24. When indifference curves are bowed inward toward the origin, ( )a. it is unlikely that consumers will be willing to engage in trade.b. people can only increase satisfaction by consuming more of all commodities.c. people are less inclined to trade away goods that they have an abundance of.d. the marginal rate of substitution decreases as a consumer moves down an indifference curve.25. National income is defined as ( )a. all income produced within a country.b. the income received by the national government.c. the total income earned by a nation’s residents from the production of goods and services within the borders of the country.d. the total income earned by a nation’s residents in the production of goods and services.26. The best measure of a c ountry’s production of goods and services is ( )a. real GDP.b. real NNP.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GNP.27. The inflation rate is defined as the ( )a. cost of inflation.b. cost of borrowing.c. percentage change in real GDP from the previous period.d. percentage change in the price level from the previous period.28. If the nominal interest rate is 8% and rate of inflation is 2%, the real interest rate is ( )a. 16%.b. 10%.c. 6%.d. 4%.29. A certificate of indebtedness that specifies the obligations of the borrower to the holder is called a ( )a. stock.b. mutual fund.c. bond. d. All of the above are correct.30. An increase in the budget deficit shifts the ( )a. demand for loanable funds left.b. demand for loanable funds right.c. supply of loanable funds left.d. supply of loanable funds right.31. Which of the following people is counted as unemployed according to official statistics? ( )a. Nancy, who is on temporary layoffb. Gary, who has retired and is not looking for workc. Brian, a full-time student who is not looking for workd. All of the above are correct.32. Sectoral shifts in the economy ( )a. create structural unemployment.b. immediately reduce unemployment.c. on net leave unemployment unchanged.d. increase unemployment due to job search.33. Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money? ( )a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, , in dollars.b. You pay for tickets to a WNBA game with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.34. If banks choose to hold more excess reserves, ( )a. required reserves in the banking system increase.b. the money multiplier will increase.c. the discount rate will increase.d. the money supply falls.35. When the price level rises, the number of dollars needed to buy a representative basket of goods ( )a. decreases, so the value of money rises.b. decreases, so the value of money falls.c. increases, so the value of money rises.d. increases, so the value of money falls.36. Given a nominal interest rate of 20 percent, in which case would you earn the highest after-tax real interest rate? ( )a. Inflation is 5 percent; the tax rate is 20 percent.b. Inflation is 4 percent; the tax rate is 30 percent.c. Inflation is 3 percent; the tax rate is 40 percent.d. The after-tax real interest rate is the same for all of the above.37. If the money supply growth rate permanently increased from 10 percent to 20 percent we would expect that inflation and nominal interest rates would both increase ( )a. by more than 10 percentage points.b. by 10 percentage points.c. but by less than 10 percentage points.d. None of the above is correct.38. Economists understand that people respond to ( )a. the wishes of policymakers.b. tax breaks, but not tax hikes.c. threats more than rewards.d. incentives.39. Which of the following is the most correct statement about the relationship between inflation and unemployment? ( )a. In the long run, reducing inflation is associated with rising unemployment.b. In the short run, reducing inflation is associated with falling unemployment.c. In the long run, reducing inflation is associated with falling unemployment.d. In the short run, reducing inflation is associated with rising unemployment.40. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries’ ( )a. population growth rates.b. endowments of natural resources.c. defense budgets.d. productivity.Part 3: Answer following questions (4×5′=20′)1. Draw the circular flow diagram, mark the flow of goods and service, the flow of money according to the following events:(1) Professor Zhang bought a new house by $500,000.(2) Construction firm pay Tom (worker) $ 800 as the wage.(3) Mr. Black got dividend $10,000 from a firm as one of the stock-holder.2. How will following events influence the GDP of U.S. by expenditure method?(1)Boeing Company sold a plane to the U.S. Air Force.(2)Boeing Company sold a plane to the U.S. Air Company.(3)Boeing Company sold a plane to the Franc Air Company.(4)Boeing Company sold a plane to Mr. Cross.(5)Boeing Company produced a plane which will be sold in the next half year.3. Who control the money supply? How does it control?4. Suppose Iran and Iraq both sell crude oil. If Iran affords a high production while Iraq affords a high production, Iran can get $40 billion. If Iran affords a low production while Iraq affords a high production, Iran can get $30 billion. If Iran affords a high production while Iraq affords a low production, Iran can get $60 billion. If Iran affords a low production while Iraq affords a low production, Iran can get $50 billion. If Iran affords a high production while Iraq affords a high production, Iraq can get $40 billion. If Iran affords a low production while Iraq affords a high production, Iraq can get $60 billion. If Iran affords a high production while Iraq affords a low production, Iraq can get $30 billion. If Iran affords a low production while Iraq affords a low production, Iraq can get $50 billion. Try to find the Nash equilibrium.Part 4: Analyze following questions (15′×2=30′)1. The equilibrium of orange market and orange-picking market (15′)Suppose the bad weather decrease the harvest of orange in Florida.(1) Try to analyze how orange price changes and how marginal product oforange-pickingchanges.(3′)(2)Suppose consumer’s demand for orange is perfect elastic. Try to analyze how the demand for orange-picking change? How does the equilibrium wage of orange-pickers change?(draw pictures of orange market and orange-picking market to analyze)(3′)(3)Suppose consumer’s demand for orange is perfect inelastic. Try to analyze how the demand for orange-picking change? How does the equilibrium wage of orange-pickers change? (draw a picture of orange market and orange-picking market to analyze) (Reference: how does the equilibrium quantity change in orange market?)(3′)(4)Suppose we take new technique in orange picking such as using machine. Can you analyze the change of equilibrium wage in orange picking? (Reference: Is it similar with the influence of bad weather?)(3′)(5)Suppose the harvest of apple make some workers turn to pick apples. Can you analyze the change of equilibrium wage in orange picking? What is the influence to orange price?Draw pictures to analyze.(3′)2.Price discrimination and social welfare(15′)Suppose you live in a town with 300 adults and 200 children. You are planning to hold a performance to earn money. The fixed cost of performance is $2,000, while the marginal cost of(1)In order to get maximum profit, what price will you decide for adult ticket? How many adults and children will watch the performance? What price will you decide for children ticket? How much profit can you earn? How much is the social welfare? Is it an efficient result?(4′)(2)If the government pass a law, and price discrimination is illegal now. What is your price now? How much profit can you earn? How many adults and children will watch the performance? How much is the social welfare?(2′)(3)Price discrimination is illegal now. How do your welfare, adults’ welfare and children’s welfare change?(3′)(4)If the fixed cost is $2,500 instead of $2,000. Will it change your decision on price in question (1)?(2′)(5)If the fixed cost is $2,500 instead of $2,000. Will it change your decision on price in question (2)? If you choose to give up the performance, is it a good choice according tosocial welfare maximum?(4′)2020-2021《西方经济学》(双语)期末课程考试试卷B答案Part 1: 1.× 2.√ 3. × 4.√ 5.√ 6.× 7.√ 8. ×9.√ 10.×Part 2: 1D 2A 3D 4B 5C 6A 7D 8C 9C 10C 11D 12C 13D 14B 15B 16C 17A 18B 19C 20C 21B 22B 23C 24D 25D 26A 27D 28C 29C 30C 31A 32D 33A 34D 35D 36A 37B 38D 39D 40DPart 3:1.2. (1) Increases government purchases and then increases GDP(2) Increases investment and then increases GDP(3) Increases net export and then increases GDP(4) Increases consumption and then increase GDP(5) Increases investment and then increase GDP3. Federal Open Market Committee conducts monetary policy by controlling the money supply. The money supply is the quantity of money available in the economy. The primary way in which the Fed changes the money supply is through open-market operations. The Fed purchases and sells U.S. government bonds. To increase the money supply, the Fed buys government bonds from the public. To decrease the money supply, the Fed sells government bonds to the public.4.Figure 3 An Oligopoly Game Copyright©2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Iraq ’s DecisionHighProductionHigh ProductionIraq gets $40 billionIran gets $40 billion Iraq gets $30 billionIran gets $60 billion Iraq gets $60 billion Iran gets $30 billion Iraq gets $50 billion Iran gets $50 billion Low Production LowProductionIran ’sDecisionPart 41. (1) 橘子的价格上升,因为橘子市场的供给减少。

西方经济学期末考试试题与答案

西方经济学期末考试试题与答案

一、填空题〔每空1分,共20分〕1.生产可能性曲线是在________________既定的条件下所能到达的两种物品最大产量的组合。

2.供应曲线向_______________________________________倾斜,表示某种商品的价格与供应量之间____________________变动。

3.当边际效用为正数时,总效用是增加的;当边际效用为零时,总效用_____________________;当边际效用为负数时,总效用_____________________。

4.短期边际本钱是短期内每增加一单位_____________________所增加的本钱总量。

5.在完全竞争市场上,对整个行业来说,需求曲线是一条________________________________________,对个别企业来说,需求曲线是一条__________________________________________。

6.利息是___________________这种生产要素的价格。

7.在信息不对称情况下,拥有信息少的一方作出不利于另一方的选择,这种情况被称为_________________________________。

8.个人收入减去_____________________________等于个人可支配收入。

9.经济增长的前提是___________________________的建立与完善,源泉是____________________的增加,核心是_______________________________。

10.IS曲线是描述物品市场到达均衡时,_______________________与_______________________之间存在着反方向变动关系的曲线。

11.如果把1995年作为基期,物价指数为100,200l年作为现期,物价指数为120,那么从1995年到200l年期间的通货膨胀率为______________________。

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《西方经济学》期末考试试卷附答案
一、填空题(本大题空20空,每空2分,共40分)
1.微观经济学的基本假设条件是和。

2.宏观经济学是以为研究对象通过研究经济中宏观经济有关的决定及其变化来说明资源如何才能。

说明国家与政府如何通过宏观经济政策来调控经济的整体运行。

3.吉芬商品一般是指低档的生活必需品,在某种特定条件下,这种商品具有价格上升,需求的特点。

4.两种互补商品之间价格与需求量成__ _方向变动,两种替代商品之间价格与需求量成____方向变动。

5.由于竞争与垄断程度的不同,市场被划分为四种市场结构即、____、和。

6.恩格尔增定律是指随着收入加,用于中的支出在整个货币收入中所占的比重会越来越。

7.洛伦茨曲线:是用来衡量社会收入的曲线。

8.国内生产总值是指在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全部的
之总和
9.中央银行以法律的形式规定的商业银行在所吸收的存款中必须保持的准备金的比率叫做。

10.周期性失业是指由于经济衰退中引起劳动力需求小于劳动力供给时的失业,是一种非自愿失业。

二、判断题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
1、需求曲线的斜率越大,需求的弹性越小。

( )
2、一般来讲,生活必需品的弹性是小于1的,这说明消费者在此类商品低价时的总支出将小于高价时的总支出。

( )
3、需求曲线之所以向右下方倾斜,可以通过收人效应和替代效应来加以解释。

( )
4、实证经济分析与规范经济分析的区别在于是否以一定的价值判断位基础。

( )
5、一种商品在其既定的需求曲线上,需求弹性肯定是相同的。

( )
6、资源的稀缺性决定了资源可以得到充分利用,不会出现资源浪费现象。

( )
7、需求的价格弹性是大于1的商品更适合于薄利多销。

( )
8、某种产品的价格下限一定高于其均衡价格。

( )
9、微观经济学要解决的问题是资源利用,宏观经济学要解决的问题是资源配置。

( ) 10.对于消费者均衡,如果从序数效用论和基数效用论这两个不同的角度来进行分析,则结果肯定不同。

( )
三、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
1.在价格不变的基础上,消费者收入增加需求曲线则会( )。

A.增加 B,减少 C.向右上方平行移动 D向左下上方平行移动2.当消费达到饱和点时,总效用曲线呈( )。

A.向右上方倾斜 B.向右下方倾斜 C.水平状 D.向左上方弯曲
3.当产品A 的价格下降,产品B的需求曲线向左移动,应归结为()
A.A和B是替代品B.A和B是互补品C.A是次品,B是优质品D.A、B都是次

4.某地区的居民收入从去年的1亿元上升到今年的1.5亿元,对X商品的需求数量基本保持不变,该种商品是()
A.必需品B.奢侈品C.低等品D.吉芬商品
5.需求价格弹性系数公式是( )。

A.价格变化的百分比除以需求量变化的百分比B.价格下降的绝对值除以需求量增加的绝对值
C.需求量变化的绝对量除以价格变化的绝对量D.需求量变化的相对值除以价格变化的相对值
6.政府为了扶持某一行业的生产而规定的该行业产品的价格是( )
A.价格上限B.均衡价格C.价格下限D.市场价格
7.在保持既定产量下,减少的一种投入量与增加的另一种投入量的比率是( )。

A.机会成本 B. 商品替代率 C. 边际技术替代率 D. 成本替代率8.在一般情况下,厂商得到的价格若低于以下哪种成本将停止营业()。

平均成本 B. 平均可变成本 C. 边际成本 D. 平均固定A.
成本
9.已知商品X的价格为1.5元,商品Y的价格为1元。

如果消费者从这两种商品得到最大10。

效用的时候商品Y的边际效用是30,那么商品X的边际效用应该是()。

A.20 B.30 C.45 D.60
10.假如增加1单位产量所增加的边际成本小于产量增加前的平均成本,那么在产量增加后平均成本()
A.下降B.上升C.不变D.都可能
四、计算题(20分)
1.设某水泥厂的需求函数为Q=400-2P,问:
(1)该厂计划每日销售水泥180吨,价格应为多少?
(2)每吨水泥售价150美元,每日能销售多少?
(3)价格提高至多少,销售量为0?
(4)每吨水泥价格P=120美元时的价格点弹性。

西方经济学参考答案:
一、填空题
1. 经济人 、 信息完全
2. 国民经济 、 总量 、有效配置
3. 下降
4.__反_、__同__
5. 完全竞争市场 、_垄断竞争市场___、__寡头市场__和_完全垄断市场_
6. 食物 、 低
7. 分配
8. 经济社会 、 最终产品 、 劳务
9. 法定准备金率
10. 总需求不足
二、判断题
1、×
2、√
3、√
4、√
5、×
6、×
7、√
8、√
9、×
10.×
三、选择题
1.C 2.C 3.A 4. A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.A
四、计算题
解: (1)Q=400-2P 180=400-2P P=110美元
(2)Q=400-2P=400-2*150=100吨
(3) Q=400-2P=0 P=200美元
(4)P=120 Q=400-2*120=160
5.1160120
2=⨯=⨯∆∆=∆∆=Q P
P Q P
P Q Q
E d。

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