2017-2018学年上海市浦东新区高一上学期期末考试化学试题
2018高一下学期期末生物试题及答案
下关一中2017–2018学年高一年级下学期期末考试生物试卷注意: 考试时间90分钟, 总分100分。
本试卷包含一、二两大题。
第一大题为选择题, 所有答案必须用2B铅笔涂在答题卡相应的位置。
第二大题为非选择题, 所有答案必须填在答题卡的相应的位置, 答案写在试卷均无效, 不予计分。
一、选择题（每题只有一个答案最符合题意, 每题1.5分, 共60分）1. 下列关于孟德尔研究过程的分析正确的是A. 孟德尔提出的假说其核心内容是“性状由位于染色体上的基因控制的”B. 孟德尔依据减数分裂的相关原理进行“演绎推理”的过程C. 为了验证提出的假说是否正确, 孟德尔设计并完成了测交实验D. 测交后代性状分离比为1∶1, 从细胞水平上说明基因分离定律的实质2.对“一对相对性状的杂交实验”中性状分离现象的各项假设性解释, 错误的是A.生物的性状是由细胞中的遗传因子决定的B.体细胞中的遗传因子成对存在, 互不融合C.在配子中只含每对遗传因子的一个D.生物的雌雄配子数量相等, 且随机结合3．大豆的白花和紫花是一对相对性状。
下列四组杂交实验中, 能判断出显性和隐性关系的是①紫花×紫花→紫花②紫花×紫花→301紫花+101白花③紫花×白花→紫花④紫花×白花→98紫花+102白花A. ①②B. ③④C. ②③D. ①③4. 只在减数分裂中发生, 而在有丝分裂中不发生的现象是A.DN.的复..B.纺锤体的形..C.同源染色体的分...D.着丝点的分裂5.采用下列哪一组方法, 可依次解决①—⑤中的遗传学问题①鉴定一只白羊（显性性状）是否纯种②在一对相对性状中区分显隐性③不断提高小麦抗病品种的纯合度④检验杂种F1的基因型⑤鉴别一株高茎豌豆是不是纯合体的最简便方法A. 测交杂交自交测交测交B. 测交杂交自交自交测交C. 测交杂交自交测交自交D. 测交测交杂交测交自交6．某种植物的两个开白花的品系AAbb和aaBB杂交, F1自交得F2中有紫花和白花, 且比例为9∶7。
上海市浦东新区区2017-2018学年度高三第一学期期末质量监控英语试卷
上海市浦东新区区2017-2018学年度高三第一学期期末质量监控英语试卷第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.C. He failed to get to the airport.D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneu（r创业者）. She won the2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence,21recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitementinternationally 22 their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight 23 （power） by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski’s goal was 24 （o ffer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school 25 she couldn’t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doing science projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side 26 （heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED lightfor 20 minutes, 27 （use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“S tart now. There 28 be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’ 29 may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do 30 you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was foundto be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 a nd affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.facial They found that when a human was not watching the animal,they39 expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”she said.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being 41 with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but 42 all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the43 I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation( 烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more44 than the whistle gave me pleasure.45 , this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was 46 to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too muchfor the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and 47 the actionsof men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who 48 every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship,___49__gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.”When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but_____devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing51 for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I saw someone fond of 52 who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his 53 , and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” 54 , the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a(n) 55 value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustration D. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extraSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder ”in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C.The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including: target audiencebrand namessloganspictures and colourspecial offers/couponsemotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social class and interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sports cars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year-old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and are intended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier.Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is also bound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition, puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste. AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create aview of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour.Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid. Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for ?What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold, blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receive another one free or half price. These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyalty to an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal to your emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60. What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellow.61. Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B. We do, we said.（HENNESSY）C. M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D. Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62. According to the passage, to reta.n the regular customers, advertising companies tend to.A. impress them with colorful picturesB. use promotional strategiesC. change slogans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all agedbetween five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts betweenteeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teethscored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D.Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B. Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields of research in the world today.C.When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and work wonders.E.Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many other fields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancer cells.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the“science fact”o f today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic V oyag（e《神奇旅程》）. In the film, a man with very important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into the man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.67Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as“quanturn dots（量子点）”，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. 68 Upon finding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.69 We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you can turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. 70 .Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Ⅳ. Surmmary Writing（10 分）Directions：R ead the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）第Ⅱ卷Ⅴ. Translation（15 分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。
专题2.1.1 简单分类法及其应用-学易试题君之K三关2018-2019学年高一化学人教版(必修1)
第二章 化学物质及其变化第一节 物质的分类第1课时 简单分类法及其应用一、常见的分类法1．分类及其意义把大量的事物按照事先设定的__________进行分类，是人们最熟悉，也是最方便的一种工作方法。
这样，当分类标准确定之后，__________中的事物在某些方面的相似性可以帮助我们做到举一反三；对__________事物的了解使我们有可能做到由此及彼。
2．常见分类法交叉 分类法 含义 根据________的分类标准，对同一事物进行多种分类的一种分类方法举例树状 分类法 含义 对________事物按照某种属性进行________的分类法举例二、分类法的应用分类可以帮助我们更好地认识物质的性质，找出各类物质之间的关系。
如：Ca −−→①CaO −−→②Ca(OH)2 −−→③CaCO 3 C −−→④CO 2−−→⑤H 2CO 3−−→⑥CaCO 3 化学方程式分别为：①___________________________________； ②___________________________________； ③___________________________________； ④___________________________________； ⑤___________________________________；_____盐（根据阳离子）Na 2CO 3_____盐（根据阴离子） _____盐（根据溶解性）单质 _______物质纯净物_______⑥___________________________________。
【答案】一、1．标准同类不同类2．不同钠碳酸易溶同类再分类化合物混合物二、①2Ca+O22CaO②CaO+ H2O Ca(OH)2③Ca(OH)2+CO2CaCO3↓ +H2O④C+O2点燃CO2⑤CO2 + H2O H2CO3⑥Ca(OH)2 + H2CO3CaCO3↓ +2H2O一、根据纯净物的组成与性质对其进行分类【总结归纳】二、单质、酸、碱、盐、氧化物之间的转化关系有关化学方程式举例：①Mg+Cl2MgCl2②Fe+CuSO4FeSO4+Cu③Zn+H2SO4ZnSO4+H2↑④CaO+SiO2CaSiO3⑤CO2+Ca(OH)2CaCO3↓+H2O⑥CuO+H2SO4CuSO4+H2O⑦NaOH+HCl NaCl+H2O⑧3NaOH+FeCl 3Fe(OH)3↓+3NaCl⑨AgNO 3+HClAgCl↓+HNO 3 ⑩Na 2SO 4+BaCl 2BaSO 4↓+2NaCl典例1 (浙江省温州市十五校联合体2017−2018学年高一下学期期中联考)下列物质属于碱性氧化物的是 A ．Na 2O B ．SO 2 C ．KOH D ．H 2SO 4 【答案】A【解析】碱性氧化物是指溶于水而成碱或与酸反应而成盐的氧化物。
2023年上海市浦东新区高三上学期期末练习化学高考(等级考)一模试卷含答案
上海市浦东新区2022-2023学年高三上学期期末练习化学试题一、选择题(共40分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确答案)1.通过石油分馏不能．．得到的物质是A.石油气B.柴油C.煤焦油D.石蜡2.个别不法商人以黄铜(金黄色，成分为铜锌合金)假冒黄金进行诈骗活动，以下区分黄铜和黄金的方法中，不可行的是A.测硬度B.看颜色C.加盐酸D.灼烧3.下列气体可以用98.3%浓硫酸干燥的是A.2CO B.3NH C.2H SD.3SO 4.下列有关氮单质及其化合物用途的叙述错误．．的是A .液氮作冷冻剂B.氨气作保护气C.硝酸作氧化剂D.尿素用作氮肥5.海洋是资源的宝库，下列从海洋中提取物质的第一步操作一定错误．．的是A.淡水——蒸馏 B.食盐——蒸发C.溴——浓缩D.碘——萃取6.实验室完成硫酸铜晶体中结晶水含量测定实验时，恒重操作用到的仪器是A.B. C. D.7.有关取代反应的说法一定正确的是A.有单质参加或生成 B.需要加热或光照C.有水或卤化氢生成D.有共价键的断裂和形成8.硫单质通常以S 8形式存在，结构如图，下列关于S 8的说法错误．．的是A.不溶于水B.为原子晶体C.为非极性分子D.在自然界中存在9.异戊二烯()是合成橡胶的重要原料，关于异戊二烯的说法正确的是A.与1，3-丁二烯互为同系物B.与液溴1∶1加成的产物有2种C.形成的聚合物中没有双键D.难溶于乙醇、乙醚等多数有机溶剂10.合成氨生产技术的发展方案如下表，下列说法错误．．的是压强/MPa温度/℃催化剂平衡时氨的体积分数能斯特方案5685铂粉0.96%哈伯方案20550铀8.25%现代方案20500铁催化剂19.1%A.上述方案中原料应循环利用B.铁催化剂在500℃左右催化效能最好C.平衡时，3NH 的体积分数取决于催化剂的选择D.寻找温和条件下的催化剂可以作为合成氨工业发展方向11.用棕黄色3FeCl 溶液探究影响盐类水解的因素，根据实验现象和原理，下列对水解程度判断正确的是选项实验现象水解程度A 加入3FeCl 固体溶液变成红褐色变大B 加热3FeCl 溶液溶液变成红褐色不变C 通入HCl 气体溶液颜色变浅减小D加入NaCl 溶液溶液颜色变浅不变A.AB.BC.CD.D12.双碱法脱除烟气中2SO 的过程如图所示。
2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区周浦中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷(word版 有答案)
2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区周浦中学高一上学期期中英语试卷II. Grammar and vocabulary（每题1分,共21分）Section ADirections: Read the following six texts. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given to make the texts the texts coherent Make sure that your answers are grammatically correctText1Last week, I went to watch the movie Mission Impossible again, It was the third time that I （17）（see）it.Text2Chinese President Xi Jinping（18）（announce）the opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge at a launch ceremony in Zhuhai（19）the morning of October 23. The 55-km bridge, which（20）（connect）the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region（SAR）, Zhuhai and the Macao SAR, is the first of its kind for Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao （21）（build）together a supergiant sea-crossing traffic project under the principle of ＂one country, two systems. ＂The bridge（22）（improve）personnel and trade exchanges among Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao, benefit the development of the area, and push the competitiveness of the Pearl River Delta region. The construction of the bridge began in Dec., 2009, and its main structure（23）（complete）on July 7, 2017.Text 3China International Import Expo(进博会）（24）（hold）in Shanghai these daysText 4I-phone X Max, the latest model of cell-phone of Apple Company,（25）(sell) well all over the world.Text 5I＇m sorry you’ ve been waiting for Brian so long, but it’ ll still be some time （26）he gets back.Text6---- Look！The classroom（27）（clean）.---- Well, I didn’t do it【答案】17. had seen18. announced19. on20. connects21. to build22. will improve23. was completed24. is being held25. sells26. before27. has been cleanedSection B Directions:Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(28）that no more people would be injured in the aftershock. Their faces were covered with sweat and（29）. Some soldiers （30）their physical strength and became weak, but they refused to rest. volunteers did all kinds of work, including handing out（31）which tell people how to protect themselves and where to get food, medicine or necessary help. Many medical （32）went, too. They operated on the injured people, （33）new methods to their work and saved the local people from illness. These measures proved （34）because not as many people fell ill after the earthquake as （35）. Though the terrible earthquake damaged or even（36）towns and villages, the people were very brave. With help from all over the world, they will return to their（37）life soon.【答案】28-32 KFGEJ 33-37 BDHICIII. Reading Comprehension（37％）Section A（每小题1分）Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.As a dad, I’ve had quite a few valuable memories of my life. One of them (38)on a Saturday afternoon when I was taking my then 13-year-old son Justin and his friend Aaron to see a movie. As we entered the movie theater, I (39) the ticket seller had given me more change than needed,(40) I asked the boys to wait a moment while I (41) the money. This did not please the boys, who were (42) to get the best seats.(43) , I suffered angry stares from the people in line and even a dissatisfied action from the ticket seller, who corrected the mistake (44) When I returned, Aaron, who got very angry because the best seats had already been taka asked, why did you have to do that？It was her (45) not yours. “Before I could start a lecture on (46) , my son, who was also angry, looked at his frien d and said “ What did you (47) him to do?”Many years later, this memory is an encouraging ? have on the (48) of our kids. Hearing from my son that he expected me to be honest and knew I expected the(49) of him was like a pat on the back（赞许）saying I’d done okay as a father.My son, still one of the most honest people I know,(50) that honesty is neither a convenience nor a choice. To a person who values honesty, it’s a habit .Speaking of parenting, it＇s hard to know what＇s working and what isn＇t, but one of the best reward（回报）for attentive parenting is seeing something（51）in our kids and knowing we （52）an important part in their lives.38. A. started B. happened C. maintained D. ended39. A. doubted B. noticed C. guaranteed D. researched40. A. so B. but C. because D. when41.A.borrowed B. lent C. paid D. returned42. A. adequate B. happy C. impatient D. surprised43. A. From time to time B. At the same time C. At one time D. In no time44.A.warm-heartedly B. quickly C. unbelievably D. unwillingly45.A. promise B. reason C. mistake D. excuse46.A.modesty B. honesty C. strength D. failure47.A. expect B. hope C. persuade D. allow48.A. ability B. reflection C. spirit D. character49.A. secret B. same C. best D. opposite50.A. remarked B. admitted C. realized D. overlooked51.A. good B. ugly C. unusual D. strange52.A. form B. become C. play D. preserve【答案】38-42 BBADA 43-47 BDCBA 48-52 DBCACSection B（每小题2分）Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Ben Carson, a doctor at Johns Hopkins Children's, talks about how he grew up in a poor Detroit neighborhood, when peer pressure almost controlled his behavior and even his clothes. He wanted so badly to be considered cool that he begged his mother to buy him an expensive Italian shirt.“My mother made me a deal,” Carson remembers.“ She said, ‘I'll give you all the money I make next week. You'll be in charge of the family finances—buying food and other necessities and paying the bills. Whatever you have left over you can spend on whatever you want.’”“I Thought, this is going to be great,” Carson says.“ I bought tings we needed most and then began going through the bills. Of course I ran completely out of money long before everything was paid.”“The I realized my mother, with her third-grade education, was a financial genius—just to keep food on our table and clothes on our backs with such a small sum of money. I'd been a fool. I wanted her to buy me a 75shirtwhensheonlytookhome 100 a week, cleaning other people's floors and washing their toilets. I took a hard look at my behavior and wondered how I could be so selfish.”“I started studying again. My grades went back up to A's. S ome of my peers laughed at me because I did not follow their pattern. But I refused to let that trouble me, because I had a goal.”The experience had a lasting effect. “ I not only saw and felt the difference my mother madein my life, but I am living out that difference as a man.”53. By saying “My mother made me a deal”, Ben Carson meant that his mother .A. refused to buy him the shirtB. made an agreement with himC. asked him to deal with the problemD. showed him how to save money54. Ben Carson started studying hard again and rose back to the top because .A. he had got his shirt anywayB. he got his mother as his teacherC. he wanted to be a financial geniusD. he had a better goal to run after55. Ben Carson's story tells us that .A. a boy should not learn from his peersB. he didn't understand his mother as a boyC. what his mother taught him has changed his lifeD. people with little education may become a genius【答案】53-55 B D C(B)For high school leavers starting out in the working world, it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find an internship （实习）.In some countries, schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the United States, however, such programs are still few and far behind.Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses, students are likely to get higherearnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school, graduate and go on to higher education. In Germany, students as young as 13and 14are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on thefour-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country's most vulnerable （易受影响的）kids with no jobs and no skills.Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teach them valuable practical skills at high school. James Madison High School in New York, for example, encourages students to choose classes on career-based courses. The school then helps them gain on-the-job experience in those fields while they're still at high school.However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work, the job market is daunting. In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to-19-year-olds are above 20percent for the third summer in a row."The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the summer job experience, they will become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job, "said Michael, a researcher in the US.56.According to Robert Schwartz, high school students should.A. directly carry on higher educationB. get contact with the working worldC. focus on their performance in examsD. not miss out on the summer job experience57. What can be inferred from the text?A. Unemployment rates for US teenagers remain high at the momentB. Students with career-based courses never have problems finding a jobC. US companies work with schools to prepare young people for future employmentD. High school graduates with no practical skills can’t find a job58.The underlined word "daunting" in Paragraph 6 most probably meanA. discouragingB. interestingC. unbelievableD. acceptable59.What's the main idea of the text？A. Arguments about recent US high school education reformB. Tips on finding jobs for high school graduatesC. The lack of career-based education in US high schools.D. Advice for American high school graduates【答案】56-59 BAACSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A．Later I received 50 cents an hour.B．I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.C．Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.D．My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.E．Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.F．Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier(收银台)in her general store. Before long, she let me sit there by myself.I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you”.At first I was paid in candy. 60I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a. m. to 7 p. m. . My father helped me set up a bank account. 61By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(化妆品). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women wo uld ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear? ”I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wantedThe job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be apurchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.【答案】60-63 AFBCTranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.64.我打过电话给Tony了，提醒他我们上午8点在学校大门口碰面。
北京师大附中2017-2018学年上学期高一年级期末考试化学试卷(原卷版)
北京师大附中2017-2018学年上学期高一年级期末考试化学试卷1. 合金是一类用途广泛的金属材料。
下列物质中，不属于．．．合金的是A. 碳素钢B. 水银C. 青铜D. 黄铜2. 下列物质中，属于非电解质的是A. CO2B. NaOHC. HNO3D. Na2CO33. 下列各组物质，按单质、化合物、混合物顺序排列的是A. 氯水、生石灰、漂白粉B. 液氯、烧碱、氨水C. 生铁、氢氧化铁胶体、空气D. 氮气、盐酸、胆矾4. 下列气体既可以用浓硫酸干燥，又可以用固体氢氧化钠干燥的是A. SO2B. NH3C. Cl2D. O25. 下列各组中物质反应时，反应条件或反应物用量的改变对生成物没有．．影响的是A. 碳与氧气B. 氢氧化钠溶液与二氧化碳C. 钠与氧气D. 氢气与氯气6. 下列关于容量瓶的使用方法中，正确的是A. 使用前要检查是否漏水B. 溶液未经冷却即注入容量瓶中C. 用漏斗向容量瓶中转移溶液D. 可以在容量瓶中直接溶解固体7. 当光束通过下列分散系时，能观察到丁达尔效应的是A. 乙醇溶液B. 硫酸铜溶液C. 蔗糖溶液D. 氢氧化铁胶体8. 下列各组反应，最终一定能得到白色沉淀的是A. 向CaCl2溶液中通入CO2B. 向CuSO4溶液中加入NaOH溶液C. 向FeCl2溶液中加入过量NaOH溶液D. 向MgSO4溶液中加入足量NaOH溶液9. 利用焰色反应，人们在烟花中有意识地加入特定金属元素，使焰火更加绚丽多彩，下列说法中正确的是A. 非金属单质燃烧时火焰均为无色B. NaCl与Na2CO3灼烧时火焰颜色相同C. 焰色反应均应透过蓝色钴玻璃观察D. 只有金属单质灼烧时火焰才有颜色10. 下列解释事实的离子方程式正确的是A. 铁跟稀硝酸反应：Fe+2H+=Fe2++H2↑B. 氯气与水反应：Cl2+H2O=2H++Cl-+ClO-C. NaHCO3溶液与NaOH溶液反应：D. 将钠块投入水中：Na+2H2O=Na++OH-+H2↑11. 浓硫酸有许多重要的性质，在与含有少量水份的蔗糖作用过程中不能．．显示的性质是A. 酸性B. 脱水性C. 强氧化性D. 吸水性12. NaCl、Cl2、NaClO、ClO2、HClO4是按某一规律排列的，下列选项中也完全按照此规律排列的是A. CH4、Na2CO3、C、CO2、NaHCO3B. Na2S、S、SO2、Na2SO3、H2SO4C. FeCl3、Fe、FeCl2、Fe(OH)3、Fe(SCN)3D. NH3、N2、NO、NO2、NaNO313. 下列有关Na2CO3和NaHCO3性质的说法中，正确的是A. 热稳定性：Na2CO3<NaHCO3B. 相同温度下，在水中的溶解度：Na2CO3<NaHCO3C. 等质量的Na2CO3和NaHCO3最多产生CO2的量：Na2CO3<NaHCO3D. 等物质的量的Na2CO3和NaHCO3最多消耗盐酸的量：Na2CO3<NaHCO314. 氯化铁溶液常用做印刷电路时的“腐蚀液”，反应为2FeCl3+Cu=2FeCl2+CuCl2。
2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试试卷 物理 (含答案)
2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试试卷物理 (含答案)XXX2018-201年度下学期期末考试高一（18届）物理试题说明：1.测试时间：90分钟，总分：100分。
2.客观题需涂在答题纸上，主观题需写在答题纸的相应位置上。
第Ⅰ卷（48分）一、选择题（本题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。
在每个小题所给出的四个选项中，第9、10、11、12题有多项符合题目要求，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错或不答的得分。
其余题目为单选题）1.下列说法正确的是（）A．XXX的“XXX说”阐述了宇宙以太阳为中心，其它星体围绕太阳旋转。
B．XXX因为发表了行星运动的三个定律而获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。
C．XXX得出了万有引力定律并测出了引力常量G。
D．库仑定律是库仑经过实验得出的，适用于真空中两个点电荷间。
2.质量为2 kg的质点在xy平面上做曲线运动，在x方向的速度图像和y方向的位移图像如图所示，下列说法正确的是（）A．质点的初速度为3 m/s。
B．质点所受的合外力为3 N。
C．质点初速度的方向与合外力方向垂直。
D．2 s末质点速度大小为6 m/s。
3.如图所示，将篮球从同一位置斜向上抛出，其中有两次篮球垂直撞在竖直墙上，不计空气阻力，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．从抛出到撞墙，第二次球在空中运动的时间较短。
B．篮球两次撞墙的速度可能相等。
C．篮球两次抛出时速度的竖直分量可能相等。
D．抛出时的动能，第一次一定比第二次大。
4.地球半径为R，在距球心r处(r＞R)有一同步卫星。
另有一半径为2R的星球A，在距球心3r处也有一同步卫星，它的周期是48 h。
那么A星球平均密度与地球平均密度的比值为（）A．9∶32B．3∶8C．27∶32D．27∶165.如图，小球从高处下落到竖直放置的轻弹簧上，刚接触轻弹簧的瞬间速度是5 m/s，接触弹簧后小球速度v和弹簧缩短的长度△x之间关系如图所示，其中A为曲线的最高点。
已知该小球重为2 N，弹簧在受到撞击至压缩到最短的过程中始终发生弹性形变。
2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试数学试题(A卷)
第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、选择题：本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 以下程序中，输出时的值是输入时的值的（）A. 1倍B. 2倍C. 3倍D. 4倍【答案】D【解析】令初始值A＝a，则A＝2(a＋a)＝4a．故选D.2. 已知数列是等比数列，，且，，成等差数列，则（）A. 7B. 12C. 14D. 64【答案】C【解析】分析：先根据条件解出公比，再根据等比数列通项公式求结果.详解：因为，，成等差数列，所以所以，选C.点睛：本题考查等比数列与等差数列基本量，考查基本求解能力.3. 将1000名学生的编号如下：0001，0002，0003，…，1000，若从中抽取50个学生，用系统抽样的方法从第一部分0001，0002，…，0020中抽取的号码为0015时，抽取的第40个号码为（）A. 0795B. 0780C. 0810D. 0815【答案】A【解析】分析：先确定间距，再根据等差数列通项公式求结果.详解：因为系统抽样的方法抽签，所以间距为所以抽取的第40个数为选A.点睛：本题考查系统抽样概念，考查基本求解能力.4. 已知动点满足，则的最大值是（）A. 50B. 60C. 70D. 90【答案】D【解析】分析：先作可行域，根据图像确定目标函数所代表直线取最大值时得最优解.详解:作可行域，根据图像知直线过点A(10,20)时取最大值90，选D,点睛：线性规划的实质是把代数问题几何化，即数形结合的思想.需要注意的是：一，准确无误地作出可行域；二，画目标函数所对应的直线时，要注意与约束条件中的直线的斜率进行比较，避免出错；三，一般情况下，目标函数的最大或最小值会在可行域的端点或边界上取得.5. 若干个人站成一排，其中为互斥事件的是（）A. “甲站排头”与“乙站排头”B. “甲站排头”与“乙不站排头”C. “甲站排头”与“乙站排尾”D. “甲不站排头”与“乙不站排尾”【答案】A【解析】试题分析：事件A与事件B互斥，其含义是：事件A与事件B在任何一次试验中不会同时发生。
高一数学上学期期末考试试题(含解析)-人教版高一全册数学试题
某某省实验中学2017-2018学年高一数学上学期期末考试试题第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、选择题：本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 已知集合，，则（）A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】则故选2. 直线的倾斜角是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】直线的斜率为直线的倾斜角为：，可得：故选3. 计算，其结果是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】原式故选4. 已知四面体中，，分别是，的中点，若，，，则与所成角的度数为（）A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】如图，取的中点，连接，，则，（或补角）是与所成的角，，，，，而故选5. 直线在轴上的截距是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】直线在轴上的截距就是在直线方程中，令自变量，直线在轴上的截距为故选6. 已知，是两个不同的平面，给出下列四个条件：①存在一条直线，使得，；②存在两条平行直线，，使得，，，；③存在两条异面直线，，使得，，，；④存在一个平面，使得，．其中可以推出的条件个数是（）A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4【答案】B【解析】当，不平行时，不存在直线与，都垂直，，，故正确；存在两条平行直线，，，，，，则，相交或平行，所以不正确；存在一个平面，使得，，则，相交或平行，所以不正确；故选7. 已知梯形是直角梯形，按照斜二测画法画出它的直观图（如图所示），其中，，，则直角梯形边的长度是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】根据斜二测画法，原来的高变成了方向的线段，且长度是原高的一半，原高为而横向长度不变，且梯形是直角梯形，故选8. 经过点的直线到，两点的距离相等，则直线的方程为（）A. B.C. 或D. 都不对【答案】C【解析】当直线的斜率不存在时，直线显然满足题意；当直线的斜率存在时，设直线的斜率为则直线为，即由到直线的距离等于到直线的距离得：，化简得：或（无解），解得直线的方程为综上，直线的方程为或故选9. 已知函数的图象与函数（，）的图象交于点，如果，那么的取值X围是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】由已知中两函数的图象交于点，由指数函数的性质可知，若，则，即，由于，所以且，解得，故选D.点睛：本题考查了指数函数与对数函数的应用，其中解答中涉及到指数函数的图象与性质、对数函数的图象与性质，以及不等式关系式得求解等知识点的综合考查，着重考查了学生分析问题和解答问题的能力，本题的解答中熟记指数函数与对数函数的图象与性质，构造关于的不等式是解答的关键，试题比较基础，属于基础题.10. 矩形中，，，沿将矩形折成一个直二面角，则四面体的外接球的体积是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】由题意知，球心到四个顶点的距离相等，球心在对角线上，且其半径为长度的一半为故选11. 若关于的方程在区间上有解，则实数的取值X围是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】由题意可得：函数在区间上的值域为实数的取值X围是故选点睛：本小题考查的是学生对函数最值的应用的知识点的掌握。
专题03 小题好拿分(提升版)-2017-2018学年上学期期末复习备考高一化学黄金30题(必修1)含解析
1．下列实验能达到实验目的且符合安全要求的是( )【答案】D【解析】A 、胶头滴管应深入到液面以下，防止氢氧化亚铁被氧化，A 项错误；B 、观察钾离子的焰色反应要透过蓝色的钴玻璃，B 项错误；C 、制备氢气不能立即点燃，不纯的氢气燃烧会发生爆炸，C 项错误；D 、稀释浓硫酸时，需将浓硫酸倒入水中并不断搅拌，防止液滴飞溅，D 项正确。
答案酸D 。
2．用A N 表示阿伏加德罗常数的数值，下列说法中正确的是A ．在常温常压下，11.2L 氯气所含的原子数为A NB ．2.3g 金属钠被氧化成22Na O ，转移电子数为0.1A NC ．5.6g 铁与足量稀盐酸反应转移的电子数为0.3A ND ．2L 0.1 mol/L 24Na SO 溶液中含有的Na的数为0.2A N 【答案】B3．设N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是A．常温下100mL.0.1mol/L 醋酸溶液中含醋酸分子0.01N AB．1molNa与足量O2反应生成Na2O和Na2O2的混合物共失去N A个电子C．已知NaCl 溶于乙醇中可制成胶体，0.1molNaCl在乙醇中形成的胶体含有0.1N A个胶粒D．7.8 gNa2O2的固体中含有的阴离子数0.2N A【答案】B【解析】A．醋酸是弱电解质，部分电离，常温下100mL.0.1mol/L 醋酸溶液中含醋酸分子数小于0.01NA，故错误；B．1molNa反应失去1mol电子，故正确；C．已知NaCl 溶于乙醇中可制成胶体，胶体粒子是很多个微粒的集合体，故不能确定胶体粒子数，故错误；D．每个过氧化钠中含有2个阳离子和一个阴离子，所以7.8 gNa2O2即0.1mol过氧化钠固体中含有的阴离子0.1mol，故错误。
故选B。
点睛：注意氧化钠和过氧化钠的结构特点，都含有2个阳离子和1个阴离子。
过氧化钠中的阴离子为O22-。
胶体中胶体粒子是很多分子的集合体，通常不能计算胶体粒子数目。
2017-2018学年度人教版高一第一学期期末质量检测语文试题含答案
2017-2018学年度人教版高一第一学期期末质量检测语文试题含答案2017-2018学年高一第一学期期末质量检测语文科试卷考试时间：150分钟；满分：150分；共23小题友情提示：请将答案填涂在答题卡的相应位置上，答在本试卷上一律无效一、现代文阅读（每小题3分，共9分）读下面文字，完成1-3题。
很多人说：什么是意境？意境就是“情”“景”交融。
其实这种解释应该是从近代开始的。
XXX在《人间词话》中所使用的“意境”或“境界”，他的解释就是情景交融。
但是在中国传统美学中，情景交融所规定的是“意象”，而不是“意境”。
中国传统美学认为艺术的本体就是意象，任何艺术作品都要创造意象，都应该情景交融，而意境则不是任何艺术作品都具有的。
意境除了有意象的一般规定性之外，还有自己的特殊规定性，意境的内涵大于意象，意境的外延小于意象。
那么意境的特殊规定性是什么呢？唐代XXX有句话：“境生于象外。
”“境”是对于在时间和空间上有限的“象”的突破，只有这种象外之“境”才能体现作为宇宙的本体和生命的“道”。
从审美活动的角度看，所谓“意境”，就是超越具体的有限的物象、事件、场景，进入无限的时间和空间，从而对整个人生、历史、宇宙获得一种哲理性的感受和领悟。
西方古代艺术家，他们给自己提出的任务是要再现一个具体的物象，所以他们，比如古希腊雕塑家追求“美”，就把人体刻画得非常逼真、非常完美。
而中国艺术家不是局限于刻画单个的人体或物体，把这个有限的对象刻画得很逼真、很完美。
相反，他们追求一种“象外之象”、“景外之景”。
中国园林艺术在审美上的最大特点也是有意境。
中国古典园林中的楼、台、亭、阁，它们的审美价值主要不在于这些建筑本身，而是如同XXX《兰亭集序》所说，在于可使人“仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛。
我们生活的世界是一个成心味的世界。
XXX有两句诗说得好：“此中有真意，欲辩已忘言。
”艺术就是要去寻找、发现、体验生活中的这种意味。
成心境的作品和普通的艺术作品在这一点的区别，就在于它不但揭示了生活中某一个具体事物或具体事件的意味，并且超出了具体的事物和事件，从一个角度揭示了整个人生的意味。
人大附中2017-2018学年高一第二学期期中化学试卷
人大附中2017-2018学年度第二学期期中高一年级化学练习2018年4月24日制卷人：乔志敏 审卷人：贺新考生须知1本试1•本试卷分为1、II 两卷，共有25小题，试卷共8页，第4页为草稿纸，1张答题 纸，考试时间为90分钟，满分为100分。
2•用黑色签字笔（选择题涂卡除外，使用铅笔）按规定要求在答题纸上作答。
3•请将个人信息完整填写在相应位置。
H —l ； C — 12 ； N — 14 ； O — 16 ； Na — 23; S — 32; Cl — 35.5; K — 39 ； Cu — 64第I 卷（共40分）选择题（每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1. 2018年1月，由于火炸药方面突出贡献获得国家最高科学技术奖的科学家是（ ）3. 自热食品为快节奏的现代生活提供了方便。
自热食品包装中有两包发热剂，在这两包发 热剂中最适合盛放的物质是（ ）A .王泽山B .屠呦呦C .戚发轫D .门捷列夫2. 我国有丰富的稀土资源，也是中美贸易战的一张王牌。
铈（ 一种核素中含有58个质子和80个中子，则其表示为（Ce ）是一种稀土元素，它的 ）88 3 8A .熟石灰和水 C .氯化钠和水4.下列各项化学用语表达正确的是（ A . N 2的结构式：：N 三N :B .生石灰和水D .氯化铵和氢氧化钡晶体B .二氧化碳的电子式：C . NaCl 的电子式:D . 的离子结构示意图:5.AI(OH) 3是一种常用的阻燃剂，添加在可燃物中的AI(OH) 3受热分解的化学反应如下:2AI(OH) 3一-一Al 2O 3+3H 2O ，其阻燃原因之一是此过程可以降温到可燃物的着火点以下。
该反应属于( )A .离子反应B .吸热反应C .复分解反应D .氧化还原反应6.下列有关性质的比较正确的是( )A . N 、O 、F 最高正价依次升高 B. Al 3+、Na +、O 2「微粒半径依次增大 C. F 2、Cl 2、Br 2、I 2的熔点逐渐降低D .锂、钠、钾、铷单质与水反应置换出氢气越来越难B. 甲烷化学性质比较稳定，不能被任何氧化剂氧化7.下列比较正确的是 ( )①原子半径：Na > Al > Cl①离子的氧化性：K +> Na +> Li +①酸性：HCIO 4 > H 2SO 4> H 3PO 4A. ①①①&下列物质中既含有离子键，又含有非极性共价键的是 A. NH 4CIB . KOH9.下列关于甲烷性质的说法中，错误的是( A .甲烷极难溶于水C . 一个甲烷分子中含 4个C —H 键 10.下列叙述错误的是()①氢化物的稳定性：HF > HCI > HBr ①碱性：NaOH > Mg(OH) 2 > AI(OH) 3①密度：Cl 2>Br 2>|2B.①①①①D. ①①①①①①( )C. Na 2O 2D . H 2SO 4)B .甲烷分子具有正四面体结构 D .甲烷分子中H-C —H 的键角为90 °C. 通常情况下，甲烷跟强酸、强碱、强氧化剂不起反应D. 甲烷跟氯气反应无论生成CH3CI、CH2CI2、CHCI3还是CCb，都属于取代反应11. 下列有关离子键与共价键的说法中，正确的是（）A •共价化合物中一定没有离子键B •单质中一定没有离子键，一定有共价键C.共价键通过原子之间得失电子形成 D •非金属元素组成的化合物中不可能有离子键12•下列关于元素周期表应用的说法正确的是（）A •在过渡元素中，可以找到半导体材料B .在IA、IIA族元素中，寻找制造农药的主要元素C.在金属与非金属的交界处，寻找耐高温、耐腐蚀的合金材料D .为元素性质的系统研究提供指导，为新元素的发现提供线索13.关于下图的说法不正确的是（）A .碘蒸气与H2生成HI气体的反应是吸热反应B. 1 mol固态碘变为1 mol碘蒸气时需要吸收17 kJ的能量C. 2 mol HI气体分解生成1 mol碘蒸气与1 mol H2时需要吸收12 kJ的能量D. 1 mol固态碘与1 mol H2化合生成2 mol HI气体时，需要吸收5 kJ的能量14•燃料电池是一种高效、环境友好的发电装置，某氢氧燃料电池的构造示意图如下，该电池工作时，下列说法正确的是（）A. a电极是该电池的正极B. O2在b电极上发生氧化反应C. 电解质溶液中OH-向正极移动D •该装置实现了化学能到电能的转化15.下列关于充电电池的叙述，不正确的是（)A •充电电池的化学反应原理是氧化还原反应B •充电电池可以无限制地反复放电、充电C.充电是使放电时的氧化还原反应逆向进行D •较长时间不使用电器时，最好从电器中取出电池，并妥善存放16. 在2L密闭容器中充入一定量的SO2和02,发生反应2SO2 + 02—: 2SO3。
2018年上海市浦东新区高考二模化学-精校版(含答案解析)
高三化学试卷
2018.04
考生注意： 1．本试卷满分 100 分，考试时间 60 分钟。 2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非
选择题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。 3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名、准考证号。 4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
29．洗涤滤渣的目的是
。
30．配制 100 mL 草木灰浸出液，需要使用的玻璃仪器有烧杯、玻璃棒、胶头滴管、
。
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31．取用 10.00 mL 浸出液进行滴定，终点时溶液由_____色变成_____色。若三次平行实验消耗硫酸
体积的平均值为 25.00 mL，则该样品中碳酸钾的质量分数为________（精确到小数点后 3 位）。
24．若用 KSCN 溶液检验氯化亚铁溶液是否变质，实验方法是_______________________________ __________________________________________________。
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（二）（本题共 15 分） 氯气在生产生活中有广泛的用途，制取氯气的途径有多种。 完成下列填空：
25．工业上用电解饱和食盐水制取氯气，氯气在电解池的_______极产生；氯气与氢氧化钠反应得到 消毒剂次氯酸钠，发生反应的化学方程式为_________________________________；向次氯酸钠 溶液中加入少量稀盐酸，可以增强消毒效果，这是因为生成了______________。（填物质名称）
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18．合成氨是人类科学技术上的一项重大突破，有关合成氨的说法正确的是
2017-2018学年度高二下期期末考试化学试卷(含参考答案)
C.铝合金的大量使用归功于人们能使用焦炭从氧化铝中获得铝
D.锅炉水垢中的硫酸钙可用碳酸钠溶液处理，使之转化为碳酸钙，再用酸除去
2.设NA为阿伏伽德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是
A．100g46%的乙醇溶4在熔融状态下电离出的阳离子数为2NA
B．X、Z的浓度相等时
D．密闭容器内气体的密度不再发生变化
4.由下列实验操作及现象能推出相应结论的是
2017-2018学年度高二下期期末考试
化学试卷
可能用到的相对原子质量：N—14O—16Na—23Ag—108S-32Cu-64Cl-35.5
第I卷选择题（共42分）
选择题（1-10为必做题，11-14为选做题，每题3分共42分）
1.下列有关化学与生产、生活的说法中，不正确的是
A.陶瓷、水泥和玻璃都属于硅酸盐产品
C．氢氧燃料电池负极消耗1.12L气体时，电路中转移的电子数为0.1NA
D．常温常压下,92g的NO2和N2O4混合气体含有的原子数为6NA
3.一定条件下的恒容密闭容器中，能表示反应X(g)+2Y(s)
Z(g)一定达到化学平衡状态的是
A．正反应和逆反应的速率均相等且都为零
C．容器中的压强不再发生变化
上海市浦东新区2017-2018学年高一上学期期末化学试题(试卷版) (1)
上海市浦东新区2017-2018学年高一上学期期末化学试题第I卷（选择题)一、单选题Am的中子数是（）1．原子24195A．241 B．146 C．95 D．512．H、D、T、H2和H+，表示（）A．五种不同的氢元素 B．五种不同的氢原子C．五种由氢元素组成的不同微粒 D．五种由氢元素组成的不同分子3．在核外电子排布规律中，M层上最多容纳的电子数是（）A．2 B．8 C．10 D．184．Mg和Mg2+两种微粒中，具有相同的（）A．核内质子数B．核外电子数C．最外层电子数D．核外电子层数5．1996年科学家在宇宙中发现了 H3分子，H3和H2属于（）A．同位素B．同素异形体C．同分异构体D．同一物质6．与8g SO3含有相同氧原子数的是（）A．19.6g H2SO4B．6.6g CO2C．6.02×1022个SO2D．标准状况下2.24L的CO7．盐田法是把海水引入盐田，利用日光、风力蒸发浓缩海水，使其达到饱和，进一步将食盐结晶出来，这种方法在化学上称为（）A．蒸发结晶B．冷却结晶C．重结晶D．蒸馏8．医疗上使用的生理盐水中氯化钠的浓度为（）A．0.09% B．0.9% C．1.9% D．9%9．有关粗盐提纯的方法正确的是（）A．溶解粗盐时，应尽量使溶液稀一些，以免食盐不溶解B．将制得的晶体转移到新制过滤器中，用大量水进行洗涤C．蒸发必须至所有溶质全部结晶析出才可停止加热D．滤去不溶性杂质后，将滤液移至蒸发皿内加热浓缩并不断搅拌10．欲在铁架台上用蒸发皿加热蒸发氯化钠溶液，下列操作中应最先进行的是（）A．固定铁圈 B．点燃酒精灯C．放置酒精灯 D．将蒸发皿放在铁圈上11．氢氧化纳是重要的化工原料。
它有广泛的用途，下列不属于它的用途的是（）A．制食盐B．制肥皂C．印染D．造纸12．除去氯化氢气体中的水蒸气可以用（）A．碱石灰B．浓硫酸C．硫酸铜粉末D．生石灰13．将氯水滴入石蕊试液，观察到的现象是（）A．溶液变红 B．溶液先变蓝后褪色C．溶液变蓝 D．溶液先变红后褪色14．氯水可用来杀菌消毒，又可作为漂白剂，其中起主要作用的物质是（）A．Cl2B．HC1O C．HC1 D．H2O15．当不慎有大量Cl2扩散到周围空间时，处在环境中的人们可以用浸有一定浓度某种物质水溶液的毛巾捂住鼻子，以防中毒，该物质最适宜采用的是（）A．NaOH B．NaCl C．NaHCO3D．NH3 H2O 16．下列化学反应基本类型中一定是氧化还原反应的是 ( )A．化合反应B．分解反应C．复分解反应D．置换反应17．下列反应中，水只作氧化剂的氧化还原反应为： ( )A．Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO B．2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2C．H2O+CaO=Ca(OH)2D．2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑18．从溴水中提取溴的最好方法是（）A．蒸发B．用酒精萃取C．用苯萃取D．通入氯气19．共价键不可能存在于（）A．金属单质B．非金属单质C．离子化合物D．共价化合物20．与氮化钠具有相同化学键的物质是（）A．H2B．HC1 C．Na2O D．CO221．电子层结构相同的一组微粒是（）A．Na+和F-B．H+和O2-C．S2-和Na+D．Li和Cl-22．具有下列最外层电子数的原子，最难形成的离子是（）A．L层6个 B．L层4个 C．M层2个D．M层7个23．在离子键中存在（）A．只有静电斥力B．只有静电引力C．分子间作用力D．既有引力又有斥力24．下列各组元素原子核数中中，其相应的原子能形成XY2共价化合物的是（）A．3与8 B．1与16 C．12与17 D．6 与 8 25．根据化学反应的实质是旧键断裂、新键形成这一观点，下列变化不属于化学反应的是（）A．干冰气化 B．氧气转化成臭氧C．二氧化碳溶于水 D．加热碳酸氢铵26．当水蒸气变成液态水，再转变为冰的过程中一定（）A．只放出能量B．只吸收能量C．先放出能量，再吸收能量D．先吸收能量，再放出能量27．有分子构成的物质是（）A．NaCl B．HC1 C．Fe D．NH4Cl28．下列说法正确的是（）A．从溶液中结晶出来的晶体都含结晶水B．晶体失去结晶水一定是风化的结杲C．风化与潮解是两个正好相反的过程D．某饱和溶液冷却析出晶体后，该溶液仍是饱和溶液29．属于放热反应的是（）A．氢气还原氧化铜B．氨气的分解 C．氢气在氧气中燃烧 D．碳酸钙高温分解30．分析能量变化示意图，可以得出结论是（）A．此反应是放热反应B．此反应是吸热反应C．无法判断此反应是吸热或放热反应D．生成物具有的能量大于反应物具有的能量低生成物31．关于热化学方程式：2H2(g) + O2(g)→H2O(l) + 571.6kJ的叙述错误的是（）A．H2(g) +12O2 (g) →H2O (1) + 285.8kJB．2g氢气完全燃烧生成液态水时放出571.6kJ的热量C．1mol H2完全燃烧生成液态水时放出285.8kJ的热量D．2mol H2完全燃烧生成液态水时放出571.6kJ的热量32．原电池中负极发生的是（）A．氧化还原反应B．氧化反应C．还原反应D．置换反应33．将纯锌片和纯铜片按图示方式插入同浓度的稀硫酸中一段时间，以下叙述正确的是（）A．两烧杯中铜片表面均无气泡产生B．甲中铜片是正极，乙中铜片是负极C．两烧杯中溶液的pH均增大D．产生气泡的速度甲比乙慢34．标准状况通常是指（）A．温度为0℃，压强为101kPa B．温度为20℃，压强为10kPaC．温度为0℃，压强为202kPa D．温度为20℃，压强为202kPa35．对液态HCl和NaCl溶液的说法合理的是（）A．HCl的共价键被破坏B．NaCl的离子键被破坏C．HCl和NaCl的化学键均遭破坏D．HCl和NaCl的化学键均未遭破坏36．天然气和液化石油气燃烧的化学方程式分别为：CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O，C3H8+5O2→3CO2 + 4H2O，现有一套以天然气为燃料的灶具，若要改用液化石油气，应采取的措施是（）A．增大空气体积进入量B．增大石油气体积进入量C．减小空气体积进入量D．不作任何改动，直接使用37．将一块不规则的硫酸铜晶体投入到硫酸铜饱和溶液的烧杯中，一段时间后，得到的结论是（）A．晶体的质量减小，形状改变B．晶体的质量不变，形状不变C．晶体的质量增加，形状改变D．晶体的质量不变，形状改变38．向含有NaBr和KI的混合溶液中通入过量的Cl2充分反应，将溶液蒸干，并灼烧所得的物质，最后剩余的固体是（）A．NaCl 和 KI B．KCl 和 NaClC．NaCl 和 NaBr D．NaCl、KCl 和 Fe39．标准状况下22.4L H2与Cl2的混合气体，在一密闭容器中充分反应，冷却后气体体积不变；再用足量的NaOH溶液吸收反应后的气体，气体完全被吸收，则原混合气体中H2与Cl2的物质的量之比是（）A．等于1 B．小于1 C．大于1 D．小于或等于1 40．溴化碘(IBr)的化学性质与卤素单质相似，如与水反应的方程式为：IBr+H2O= HBr+HIO，则有关IBr的叙述错误的是（）A．IBr是双原子分子B．在很多反应中IBr是氧化剂C．和水反应时，IBr既是氧化剂，又是还原剂D．和NaOH溶液反应生成NaBr和NaIO第II卷（非选择题)二、综合题41．在高锰酸钾固体上滴加浓盐酸，马上产生黄绿色气体。