人教版(Go For It)八上语法：Unit 8 可数名词与不可数名词讲解及练习

Unit8 可数名词与不可数名词
一、名词的类别与用途
A 英语中名词可以分为四类
普通名词：dog狗man男人table桌子
专有名词：France法兰西Mrs Smith史密斯夫人Tom汤姆the Yellow River 黄河抽象名词：beauty美丽charity慈善courage勇气fear恐惧joy快乐
集合名词：crowd人群group组team队family 家庭people 人们
B 名词的用途有：
作主语：Tom arrived．汤姆到了。

作表语：Tom is an actor．汤姆是个演员。

作动词的宾语：I saw Tom．我看到了汤姆。

作介词的宾语：I spoke to Tom．我跟汤姆说话。

名词也可以所有格形式出现：Tom’s books汤姆的书
二、名词的复数形式
A、名词复数的规则变化
B、其它名词复数的规则变化
1.以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
有生命的加-es, 如：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿
如：potato-，tomato-，hero-
无生命的加-s
如：photo-，piano-，radio-，
2.以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时,
小偷的妻子用刀和一捆树叶把狼劈成了两半，结束了其生命。

thief wife knife sheaf
leaf wolf half itself life
C、名词复数的不规则变化
1. man-，woman-，child-，foot-，
tooth-，mouse-，goose-
注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。

an Englishman-two .
2. 单复同形，如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，yuan
除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如：two dollars，two meters
3.某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变，，
Japanese-，Chinese-，German-
Englishman-，Frenchman-，Italian-
4. 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如：people，police，cattle等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，表达其单数时可以说a person，
a policeman，a head of cattle
5. 集合名词，如crew，family，team等用单数或复数动词都可以。

当这个词表示的是一个群体或单位，可用：
当它表示的是这个队的所有成员，就用。

6. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

7. 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对，双);suit(套);
a pair of glasses; two of trousers
D、复合名词的复数形式
1.名词+名词→+ ：
apple tree-; boy friend-
man/woman+名词→+ ：
man doctor-，woman teacher-
三、不可数名词
A、各种物质的统称(液体，肉类，材料)：
bread面包，beer啤酒，cloth布，coffee咖啡，cream奶油，glass玻璃, gold黄金，ice冰，jam果酱，oil
油，paper纸，sand沙，soap肥皂，stone石头，tea茶,water水，wine葡萄酒，wood木头
B、抽象名词：
advice忠告／主意，death死亡，experience经验，fear担心，help帮助，information消息／信息，knowledge 知识，work工作，homework家庭作业，weather气候
C、下列名词也是不可数名词：
baggage行李，luggage 行李，parking停车，shopping购物
D、不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和a／an或数字一起连用：
I don’t want（any）advice or help．我不需要任何忠告或帮助。

I want（some）information．我想得到一些信息。

He has had no experience in this sort of work．他干这种活没经验。

这些名词前往往加some（一些），any（任何），no（没有），a little（少许）等词，或加名词bit（一点儿），piece（片），slice（一部分）等+of结构：
不可数名词数量的表达：a/an+ +of+ 名词
a piece of news一则消息，a drop of oil一滴油，a piece of advice一条忠告
四、名词的所有格形式
A ’s用在以及不以结尾的复数名词之后：
a man’s job男人的活儿，the people’s choice人民的选择，
men’s work男人的工作，the child’s voice孩子的声音，
women’s clothes妇女的服装，the children’s room孩子们的房间
B 省字撇（’）用于以s结尾的复数名词之后：
a girls’school女子学校，the students’hostel学生招待所，
the Smiths’car史密斯家的汽车the Teachers’Day教师节
C A+B’s与A’s+B’s的区别
A+B’s A和B的...（）
A’s+B’s A的和B的...（）
如：Tom and Tim’s (room)
Jane’s and John’s (mother)
E、所有格及of+名词结构的用法
1、表示时间：时间’s+名词= +名词
two weeks’holiday= ，ten minutes’break= ，
We have ten minutes’break／a ten－minute break．我们有十分钟的休息时间。

2、of+名词结构表示所属关系：
名词1＋of+名词2常常可以用名词2+名词1来代替：
the walls of the town城市的城墙，the roof of the church教堂的屋顶，the keys of the car小汽车的钥匙
=the town walls城市的城墙，the church roof教堂的屋顶，the car keys 小汽车的钥匙
五、修饰可数名词与不可数名词
1.some,any
some修饰可数名词与不可数名词，any常见为否定句，疑问句
Eg.There is still some water in the cup.
Some students are playing basketball on the playground.
-Do you like any of the classmates? -No, I don’t like any of them.
注意：在表建议，反问，请求或希望对方给予肯定回答时，用some不用any.
Eg.-Would you like some coffee? -Yes, please.
2.many,much
many修饰可数名词，many+可数复数
much修饰不可数名词，much+不可数名词
eg.I usually drink much water every day.
Many students don’t like to do much homework.
3.too many, too much,much too
too many+可数复数许多，大量
too much+不可数名词许多，大量
much too+形容词很，非常
eg.He eats too much junk food and becomes much too fat.
There are too many students in the classroom
4.a little/little,a few/few
little +不可数名词几乎没有(否定) few +可数名词复数几乎没有（否定）
a little+不可数名词一些，少量 a few +可数名词复数一些，少量
eg.Hurry up!There is little time left.
Only a few people attended the meeting.
5.a lot of/lots of,plenty of
a lot of+可数复数/不可数名词=lots of=plenty of... 许多，大量
eg.I have a lot of homework to do this summer holiday.
=I have lots of homework to do this summer holiday.
= I have plenty of homework to do this summer holiday.
A lot of beggars are in Dubai.
=Lots of beggars are in Dubai.
=Plenty of beggars are in Dubai.
用much，many，few，little，a few和a little填空
1）There are _______ buses in London.
2)I haven't got _______ time for study in recent weeks.
3) Please don't make so _______noise.
4) Jane doesn't know _______ people in Shanghai and has only a ________ friends here.
5)I don't like _______ butter on my bread.
6) Bob said that he had _______ money and he could not go anywhere.
7) There are only _______ cigarettes in the box. do you want to have one?
8) There is only _______ tea left in the teapot. I'll go and make some more.
9) Jane gave me _______ help with my work.
10) Your homework is better than usual. You have only ________ mistakes.
六、提问名词的数量
1.How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？“多少...”对可数名词数量提问
2.How much+不可数名词+一般疑问句？“多少...”对不可数名词数量提问
+一般疑问句？“多少钱”提问价格
eg.We often drink eight glasses of water every day.
→
There is a little food in the fridge.
→
The pair of shoes costs me fifteen dollars.
→。