高考英语一轮复习 UnitLaughter课时练1 阅读理解提速练高三英语试题

入舵市安恙阳光实验学校Unit 17 Laughter 课时练1 阅读理解提速练
Ⅰ阅读理解
A
(2018·成都高中毕业班摸底测试)The world record holder for the number of university degrees is a 70­year­old Italian.
Mr.Luciano Baietti lives in the town of Velletri near Rome and spends his days walking around his small house and garden.But every morning as early as 3 o’clock，he pulls out his textbooks and starts studying.
He now holds 15 bachelors or master’s degrees from universities across Italy，and is already attempting his 16th.
“Thanks to books，I feel free，”he tells the BBC journalists.“After all，the words share the same root，”he says，referring to the Italian words libro(book)and libero(free)．The certificates proving his talent hang on the walls of his study，showing people that he was writing new pages in the Guinness Book of Records.In 2002 he got his eighth degree in motor skills.And before that he already had degrees in sociology，literature，law，political science and philosophy，most from Rome’s famous La Sapienza University, one of the oldest in the world.
Since then，he has added seven other degrees to his list，including one in criminology(犯罪学)，one in military strategies and the latest one in tourism in February 2017.All of these three were from online universities.
“Each time I set myself a new challenge to see how far my body and my brain can go，”says Mr.Baietti.
【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。

来自意大利的70岁的Luciano Baietti先生是已获得大学学位总数最多的世界纪录保持者。

1．What can we know about Mr.Baietti from the passage?
A．He has a wide range of learning.
B．He is the oldest world record holder.
C．He has got crazy about getting degrees.
D．He got all his degrees by going to school.
A解析：推理判断题。

根据第三至五段可以推断Luciano Baietti先生的学习范围非常广泛。

a wide range of意思是“广泛的，多种多样的”，所以选项A正确。

2．Why has Mr.Baietti tried to get so many degrees?
A．To show his talent.
B．To challenge himself.
C．To become popular.
D．To break the world record.
B解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Each time I set myself a new challenge to see how far my body and my brain can go”可知选项B正确。

3．Where does this passage most probably come from?
A．A newspaper. B．A biography.
C．A travel magazine. D．A story book.
A解析：推理判断题。

根据全文尤其是第四段Luciano Baietti先生接受BBC采访的信息可以推断本文应该是一篇新闻报道。

所以选项A正确。

B
(2018·南昌模拟)Next time you are blamed for bad behavior, mainly blame it on the whole apple, pear or any other uncut food that your pare nts packed in your lunch box.That’s because biting into anything that requires the use of the front teeth, is likely to cause rude behavior in kids! At least that’s the conclusion some researchers from Cornell University have made, after observing the behavior of 12 students at a summer camp.
The researchers began by dividing the students into two groups.On the first day, one group was given chicken on the bone.The other was provided with the same chicken cut into delicious, bite－size pieces so that the only way to eat it was with a fork.The following day, the food was exchanged, so that the first group received the small pieces and forks, while the second, enjoyed the chicken on the bone.Each day the camp counselors also gave the kids strict instructions to let them stay within a circle with a 9－foot radius.
The researcher recorded both the meal time and then asked behavioral experts to evaluate what happened.They agreed that the kids that were required to bite the food were twice as likely to show aggressive behavior and disobey the adults, as those that focused on eating their food with forks.Of course, the latter also showed some rude behavior.If that isn’t bad enough, the former group was also more likely to leave their special circle and even, stand and jump on the picnic tables!
This has made Mr.Wansink, who led the research and his team, conclude that for some reasons, kids that bite into their food are more likely to exhibit bad behavior than those forced to eat with
forks.Therefore, he advises parents to cut up the food they serve to
their kids to enjoy a peaceful meal!
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

研究表明，孩子吃东西的方式可能会影响他们的行为举止。

4．What probably results in kids’ bad behavior?
A．The way kids bite into food.
B．The way food is cooked.
C．The unhealthy food kids eat.
D．Their attitude toward the food.
A解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句That’s because biting into anything that requires the use of the front teeth, is likely to cause rude behavior in kids！可知，孩子表现粗鲁和吃东西的方式有关。

故选A。

5．Paragraph 2 mainly shows ________．
A．the result of the research
B．the time on the research
C．the way the research went on
D．the difficulties the research faced
C解析：段落大意题。

根据第二段的内容可知，研究者做了一个实验，主要是为了研究孩子的粗鲁表现是否和吃东西的方式有关。

在实验中孩子们被分成两组，然后在两天里分别用不同的方式吃东西。

故本段主要写的是实验方式。

故选C。

6．What can we learn about the students at the summer camp?
A．They enjoyed the food there very much.
B．They exhibited different levels of rude behavior.
C．They were asked to bite the food with care.
D．They were likely to behave badly frequently.
B解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句They agreed that the kids that were required to bite the food were twice as likely to show aggressive behavior and disobey the adults, as those that focused on eating their food with forks.可知，因吃饭方式的不同，两组孩子粗鲁的行为出现的次数明显不同。

故选B。

7．What does Mr.Wansink advise parents to do?
A．To eat with their kids often.
B．To teach their kids how to eat food.
C．To serve their kids with small pieces of food.
D．To show their kids good behavior often.
C解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段最后一句Therefore, he advises parents to cut up the food they serve to their kids to enjoy a peaceful meal！可知，Wansink先生建议家长把孩子吃的食物切成小块。

故选C。

C
(2018·江西赣中南五校联考)In its early history，Chicago had floods frequently，especially in the spring，making the streets so muddy that people，horses and carts got stuck.An old joke that was popular at the time went like this：A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street.Asked if he needs help，he replies，“No，thanks.I’ve got a good horse under me.”
The city planner decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system，but there simply wasn’t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level.The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.
An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.This raised the level of the city’s streets by as much as 12 feet.
This of course created a new problem：dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice：either change the first floors of their buildings into basements，and the second stories into mainfloors，or hoist(吊起) the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small wood­frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.But what about large，heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six­story brick building?
That’s where George Pullman came in.He had developed some house ­moving skills successfully.To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel，Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building’s foundation.One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews.At Pullman’s sign each man turned his jackscrews by the same amount at the same time，thereby raising the building slowly and evenly.Astonishingly，the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening.Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago’s early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem.Now that C hicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River，the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river.
【解题导语】本文主要介绍了芝加哥为了应对洪水泛滥的问题而实行了一些解决方案的故事。

8．The author mentions the joke in Paragraph 1 to show________．A．horses were fairly useful in Chicago
B．Chicago’s streets were extremely muddy
C．Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
D．the Chicago people were particularly humorous
B解析：推理判断题。

根据第一段第一句“In its early history，Chicago had floods frequently，especially in the spring，making the streets so muddy that people，horses and carts got stuck.”可推知，作者提及这个笑话是为了表明芝加哥的街道非常泥泞，故选B。

9．The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to________．A．get rid of the street dirt
B．lower the Chicago River
C．fight against heavy floods
D．build the pipes above ground
D解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句“An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.”可知，Ellis Chesbrough 让城市规划者相信在地上建管道才能解决洪水泛滥所带来的问题，故选D。

10．What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?
A．It went on smoothly as intended.
B．It interrupted the business of the hotel.
C．It involved Pullman in turning ten jackscrews.
D．It separated the building from its foundation.
A解析：细节理解题。

根据第五段内容可推知，用螺旋千斤顶把the Tremont Hotel升高的事项进展顺利，故选A。

11．The passage is mainly about the early Chicago’s________．A．popular lifestyles and their influences
B．environmental disasters and their causes
C．engineering problems and their solutions
D．successful businessmen and their achievements
C解析：主旨大意题。

结合全文可知，本文主要讲的是早期芝加哥如何应对洪水泛滥的问题的故事，故选C。

D
(2018·四川绵阳诊断)Loneliness is like a disease, and what’s worse, it’s contagious. It
can spread from one person to another, according to the recent research that stresses the power of one person’s emotions to affect even people he doesn’t know.
The new analysis, involving 4，793 people who were interviewed every two years between 2005 and 2015, showed that a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness by the time of the next interview.A friend of that person was 25% more likely, and a friend of a friend of a friend was 15% more likely.
“Loneliness is not just the property of an individual.It can be transmitted across people—even people you don’t have direct contact with，” said John T．Cacioppo, a psychologist of the University of Chicago who led the study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Loneliness has been linked to medical problems, including depression, sleep problems and generally poorer physical
health.Identifying some of the causes could help reduce the emotion and improve health, experts said.
Although the study did not examine how loneliness spreads, Cacioppo said another research has provided clues.“Let’s say for whatever reason you get lonely.You then interact with other people in a more negative fashion.That puts them in a negative mood and makes them more likely to interact with other people in a negative fashion and they minimize their social ties and become lonely，” Cacioppo said.
According to Cacioppo, loneliness spread more easily among women than men, perhaps because women were more likely to express emotions.
Lonely people become less and less trusting others.This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends—and more likely that society will reject them.Therefore, it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. Cacioppo emphasizes people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

文章通过一项新的数据分析向我们介绍了孤独的危害。

12．It can be concluded from the first paragraph that ________．A．loneliness spreads in social networks
B．emotions are only transmitted between friends
C．more and more people are suffering from loneliness
D．loneliness is actually a kind of disease
A解析：推理判断题。

根据第一段的“it’s contagious.It can spread from one person to another”可知，孤独是可以传染的，它可以从一个人传给另一个人，故选A。

13．According to Cacioppo, lonely people ________．
A．rely heavily on others
B．are more likely to trust others
C．are less likely to be rejected by friends
D．will probably be deserted by society
D解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段的“more likely that society will reject them”可知，Cacioppo认为孤独的人可能会被社会抛弃，故选D。

14．The word “minimize” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．increase B．reduce
C．create D．keep
B解析：词义猜测题。

根据第五段内容可推知，孤独的人用一种消极的方式去和别人交往，这会减少他们的社会关系，让他们变得孤独，故选B。

15．What should lonely people do to get rid of loneliness?
A．Refuse the help given by others.
B．Admit and try to solve it.
C．Interact with others more negatively.
D．Express emotions more often.
B解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段的第三句“Therefore, it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness.”可知，承认和应对孤独很重要，故选B。

Ⅱ七选五
(2018·广州检测)Philadelphia is a city known for many things. It is where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, and it was also the first capital of the United States. 1.________ It is home to nearly 3，000 murals(壁画) painted on the sides of homes and buildings around the city. That’s more murals than any other city on Earth.
2.________
More than 20 years ago, a New Jersey artist named Jane Golden started a program pairing troubled youth with artists to paint murals on a few buildings around the city. 3.________ The teenagers involved helped to create magnificent pieces of art, and there were other, even more important, benefits. The young people learned to cooperate and get along with many different kinds of people during the painting. They learned to be responsible, because they needed to follow a schedule to make sure the murals were completed. 4.________ It is hard for anyone to see the spectacular designs and not feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia.
Take a walk around some of the poorest neighbourhoods in
Philadelphia and you will find beautiful works of art on the sides and fronts of buildings. Of course the murals are not just in poor neighbourhoods, but richer ones as well. Special buses take tourists to different parts of the city to see the various murals, which show the diverse ethnic groups that call Philadelphia home.
5．________ It is also a model for other cities throughout America seeking to help troubled youth.
A．How did this come to be?
B．What happened to the murals on earth?
C．They also learned to take pride in their community.
D．But one fact about Philadelphia is not so well­known.
E．From this small project, something magical happened.
F．The program encouraged troubled youth to paint together with their teachers.
G．As a result of its success, the mural program has now become the nation’s largest public art program.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了费城壁画的发展历史及其重大意义。

1．D解析：由本段第一句可知，费城因为许多东西而闻名。

D项“但是有一个事实不是很为人所知”是对前文的转折，同时引出本文所要介绍的内容，承上启下，符合语境。

故选D项。

2．A解析：上一句介绍了费城拥有比世界其他城市都多的壁画；下文介绍了费城壁画发展的历史。

A项“这是怎么出现的？”承上启下，符合语境。

故选A项。

3．E解析：根据下一句中的“there were other, even more important, benefits”可知，这些问题少年参与到壁画的创作中，并且在这个过程中带来了更重要的益处。

E项“从这个小小的项目中，一些神奇的事情发生了”引出了对壁画益处的介绍，符合语境。

故选E项。

4．C解析：根据下一句“It is hard for anyone...no t feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia.”可知，人们开始将这些壁画当作是费城引以为傲的一部分。

C项意为“他们同样学会了为自己的社区感到骄傲”，句中的“also”承接上文，take pride in与下文中的“feel proud”相呼应，承上启下，符合语境。

故选C项。

5．G解析：根据下一句“It is also a model for other cities...”可知，最后总结了壁画对费城产生的影响。

G项意为“由于它的成功，这个壁画项目已经成为整个国家最大的公共艺术项目”，是对费城壁画的地位评价，总结全文，符合语境。

故选G项。