解析北京市东城区2020┄2021届高三上学期期末考试英语试卷

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Passage 1
The Warwick Cheese Festival takes place in June every year. This annual event is the biggest cheese festival in North America, ___1___ （attract） tens of thousands of Canadians and
___2___ （visitor） from all over the world. They can try over 100 kinds of cheese made all over Quebec at the festival. And they ___3___ （invite）to vote for the People’s Choice Prize of the year.
【答案】1. attracting
2. visitors
3. are invited
【解析】
本文介绍了每年六月举行的沃里克奶酪节。

这个一年一度的活动是北美最大的奶酪节。

【1题详解】
考查现在分词。

句意：这个一年一度的活动是北美最大的奶酪节，吸引了成千上万的加拿大人和来自世界各地的游客。

attract与主语This annual event构成逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词表主动。

故填attracting。

【2题详解】
考查名词复数。

根据空前tens of thousands of可知，此处应使用名词复数。

故填visitors。

考查语态。

句意：他们被邀请投票选出今年的人民选择奖。

根据句意可知，此处应使用被动语态，且描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。

故填are invited。

Passage 2
Winter break was fast approaching. All Scott wanted to do was to go snowboarding. ___4___ （fortunately）, Scott’s parents had different plans. They had b ooked a weeklong trip to Hawaii. Scott hated warm weather and asked ___5___ he could just stay at his best friend’s house so that he could snowboard every day. His parents didn’t want to hear anything of it. He kept ___6___ （debate） with them about the topic, but they would not change their minds. Family time was important to them, and it was a tradition that they spent winter break together.【答案】4. Unfortunately
5. if / whether
6. debating
【解析】
家庭时间对斯科特一家来说很重要，他们一起度过寒假是一个传统。

但是今年，斯科特和他父母的度假计划有分歧。

【4题详解】
考查副词。

根据上文“斯科特只想去滑雪。

”及下文“斯科特的父母有不同的计划。

”可知，设空处应为unfortunately“不幸地是”。

故填Unfortunately。

【5题详解】
考查连词。

句意：斯科特讨厌暖和的天气，问他是否可以住在他最好的朋友家里，这样他就可以每天玩滑雪板了。

if/whether“是否”，引导ask的宾语从句。

故填if/whether。

考查现在分词。

句意：他和他们就这个话题一直争论不休，但他们不愿改变主意。

固定搭配：keep doing sth. “一直做某事”。

故填debating。

Passage 3
Although he is only eleven years old, James helps the aged. Every day, he goes to Redhill ___7___ train to help three old people with housework and shopping. In this way, he has made their lives much easier. It is through James’ hard work that a Neighbourhood Care Program has been started. So far, James and his friends ___8___ （form） a group of young volunteers to seek out the people ___9___ need help. They do this without funding and without recognition. Their main aim is ___10___ （make） a difference through personal sacrifice.
【答案】7. by 8. have formed
9. who / that
10. to make
【解析】
虽然詹姆斯只有11岁，但他帮助老人。

到目前为止，詹姆斯和他的朋友们组织了一群年轻的志愿者去寻找那些需要帮助的人。

他们这样做没有资金和认可。

他们的主要目标是通过个人牺牲来改变世界。

【7题详解】
考查介词。

句意：每天，他乘火车去红山帮助三个老人做家务和购物。

固定搭配：by train“乘火车”。

故填by。

【8题详解】
考查时态。

句意：到目前为止，詹姆斯和他的朋友们组织了一群年轻的志愿者。

so far“到目前为止”，后面的主句谓语动词要求使用现在完成时。

故填have formed。

考查定语从句。

句意：到目前为止，詹姆斯和他的朋友们组织了一群年轻的志愿者去寻找那些需要帮助的人。

此处为定语从句，先行词是people，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词who/that引导。

故填who/that。

【10题详解】
考查不定式。

句意：他们的主要目标是通过个人牺牲来改变世界。

此处动作做表语，且表示目的、将来，应使用不定式形式。

故填to make。

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

The universe has a way of sending help from even the most unlikely of places.
When T ony received a wrong-number message on his mobile phone, he could have just
___11___ it. Instead, he gathered five of his six children and ___12___ a picture to send to Syd, the girl on the other end of line, just to give her a little ___13___ However, he had no idea that replying to this random message would ___14___ his family’s life.
The message was from Syd, who was dress shopping when she decided to get a second
___15___. So she took a picture of herself in the new dress that she had chosen and sent the message to who she thought was her friend.
Tony sent her a message ___16___ right away, but he also wanted to let her know that her pretty picture hadn’t ended up in the ___17___ hands, so he included a picture of his kids giving a big thumbs-up. “I figured that the children’s ___18___ would be far better than some middle-aged man!”
Syd’s friend Mandi was deeply touched by the ___19___ that she posted it online, where it quickly went viral. Not only is it just a sweet ____20____ of kindness on T ony’s part, but look at those cute kids of his!
Once the story ____21____ the web, people discovered that one of Tony’s children was
____22____ from the picture. The youngest child, Kaizler, wasn’t home at that time ____23____ his mom had taken him to his chemotherapy （化疗） appointment.
Once Mandi read about Kaizler’s cance r diagnosis, she shared his GoFundMe page, which snowballed into a widespread ____24____ of giving. Thousands of people have donated to the little boy’s page.
Kaizler’s mom says she can’t express how ____25____ her family is for the financial help, and no one can believe this rush of good fortune ____26____ from a simple wrong-number message!
“It is so refreshing to be ____27____ that there are good people in the world who still care about others and are quick to be ____28____ and kind to others,” she stated, “I would also like to thank EVERYONE from bottom of my heart ____29____ all the kind words, all the donations, all the love and support. We honestly would never have been able to ____30____ it this far in our journey without every single of you!!!”
11. A. copied B. returned C. ignored D. recognized
12. A. borrowed B. invented C. found D. took
13. A. space B. peace C. encouragement D. description
14. A. change B. ruin C. control D. plan
15. A. picture B. opinion C. place D. chance
16. A. off B. over C. up D. back
17. A. different B. wrong C. ordinary D. free
18. A. company B. response C. explanation D. permission
19. A. exchange B. participation C. preference D. strategy
20. A. act B. talk C. state D. smile
21. A. caught B. ran C. hit D. searched
22. A. hiding B. escaping C. dropping D. missing
23. A. unless B. although C. because D. once
24. A. anxiety B. prediction C. roll D. wave
25. A. grateful B. concerned C. famous D. eager
26. A. fell B. came C. left D. heard
27. A. reminded B. arranged C. greeted D. persuaded
28. A. outspoken B. generous C. faithful D. energetic
29. A. of B. with C. about D. for
30. A. urge B. pass C. make D. build
【答案】11. C 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. C 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。

即使是最不可能的地方，宇宙也能提供帮助。

当托尼在他的手机上收到一个拨错号码的信息时，他没有忽略它。

相反，他聚集了六个孩子中的五个，拍了张照片，寄给另一端的女孩西德，只是为了给她一点鼓励。

然而，他不知道回答这个随机的信息会改变他的家庭生活。

【11题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A. copied复制；B. returned归还；C. ignored忽视；D. recognized认出。

根据下文Instead, he gathered five of his six children and ___2___ a picture to send to Syd, the girl on the other end of line,可知，托尼本可以忽视这条信息的。

故C选项正确。

【12题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A. borrowed借；B. invented发明；C. found发现；D. took带着。

take a picture“拍照片”。

根据语境可知，此处指托尼拍了一张照片发给了西德。

故D选项正确。

【13题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A. space空间；B. peace和平；C. encouragement鼓励；D. description描述。

根据下文so he included a picture of his kids giving a big thumbs-up可知，托尼拍了一张照片发给了西德，只是想给她一点鼓励。

故C选项正确。

【14题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A. change改变；B. ruin毁坏；C. control控制；D. plan计划。

句意：然而，他不知道回复这个随意的信息会改变他的家庭生活。

故A选项正确。

【15题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A. picture图片；B. opinion观点；C. place地方；D. chance机会。

句意：这条信息来自西德，她在买衣服的时候决定征求别人的意见。

故B选项正确。

【16题详解】
考查副词辨析。

A. off断开；B. over结束；C. up向上；D. back向后地。

句意：托尼马上给她回了个信息。

故D选项正确。

【17题详解】
考查形容词辨析。

A. different不同的；B. wrong错误的；C. ordinary普通的；D. free自由的。

句意：
但他也想让她知道，她那张漂亮的照片并没有落入坏人之手，所以他附上了一张孩子们竖起大拇指的照片。

故B选项正确。

【18题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A. company公司；B. response反应；C. explanation解释；D. permission允许。

句意：我想孩子们的反应会比一些中年人好得多！故B选项正确。

【19题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A. exchange交流；B. participation参与；C. preference偏好；D. strategy策略。

根据上文描述的信息交流可知，此处指“西德的朋友曼迪被这次交流深深打动，于是她把它发布到网上，这件事很快就传开了”。

故A选项正确。

【20题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A. act行为；B. talk谈话；C. state状态；D. smile微笑。

句意：这不仅是因为托尼的善意，而且是因为看到了他的可爱的孩子们。

故A选项正确。

【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A. caught抓；B. ran跑；C. hit碰撞；D. searched寻找。

句意：一旦这个故事在网上流传开来。

故C选项正确。

【22题详解】
考查现在分词辨析。

A. hiding正隐藏的；B. escaping在逃跑的；C. dropping正下降的；D. missing 缺少的。

根据下文Th e youngest child, Kaizler, wasn’t home at that time可知，人们发现托尼的一个孩子没有在照片中。

故D选项正确。

【23题详解】
考查连词辨析。

A. unless除非；B. although虽然；C. because因为；D. once一旦。

句意：最小的孩子凯兹勒当时不在家，因为他妈妈带他去化疗了。

故C选项正确。

【24题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A. anxiety焦虑；B. prediction预测；C. roll名单；D. wave浪潮。

根据下文Thousan ds of people have donated to the little boy’s page.可知，曼迪一读到凯兹勒的癌症诊断，就分享了他的GoFundMe页面，这个页面像滚雪球一样，掀起了一股广泛的捐赠浪潮。

故D选项正确。

【25题详解】
考查形容词辨析。

A. grateful感激的；B. concerned担心的；C. famous著名的；D. eager渴望的。

句意：凯兹勒的母亲说，她无法表达她的家人对经济帮助的感激之情。

故A选项正确。

【26题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A. fell摔倒；B. came来；C. left离开；D. heard听。

come from“来着”。

句意：没人能相信这么多的好运来自一个简单的拨错号码的信息！故B选项正确。

【27题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A. reminded提醒；B. arranged安排；C. greeted迎接；D. persuaded劝说。

句意：提醒自己世界上有那么多好人是很令人振奋的。

故A选项正确。

【28题详解】
考查形容词辨析。

A. outspoken直言不讳的；B. generous慷慨的；C. faithful忠诚的；D. energetic 精力充沛的。

根据上文大家对凯兹勒的捐赠可知，世界上有很多善良的人依然关心他人，对他人慷慨友善。

故B选项正确。

【29题详解】
考查介词辨析。

A. of属于；B. with随着；C. about关于；D. for为了。

句意：我也要从心底感谢每一个人、感谢所有的善言、所有的捐赠、所有的爱和支持。

故D选项正确。

【30题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A. urge督促；B. pass传递；C. make做；D. build建设。

make it“达到预定目标；走完路程”。

句意：如果没有你们每一个人，我们真的不可能走这么远！故C选项正确。

【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。

同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。

例如，第1小题要求判断出托尼如何处理一个因拨错号码发来的信息的。

我们下文Instead, he gathered five of his six children and ___2___ a picture to send to Syd, the girl on the other end of line,（相反，他聚集了六个孩子中的五个，拍了张照片，寄给另一端的女孩西德，只是为了给她一点……）可知，托尼并没有忽视这条信息。

could have done sth. “本可以做某事的”（事实并没有这么做）。

因此原文意为“托尼本可以忽视这条信息的”。

故C选项正确。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A
Pastime is a bi-monthly magazine for curious young minds. Many of the topics we write about won’t be covered in the classroom. All the articles are written in a lively style, and each one is paired with drawings by some of the country’s most talented artists.
♦History focuses on archaeological （考古的） sites around the world where archaeologists work to unearth important finds.
♦World includes stories about daily life, folk tales, and history and traditions of the people and places.
♦Sport includes nutrition tips, information about up-and-coming young athletes, and sports events.
♦Art stimulates a child’s cultural life, from film to theatre through to writing and music.
On top of all that, Pastime is packed with items to stimulate a youngster’s imagination, including pages of puzzles and a step-by-step guide to creating their own impressive-looking drawings.
In every issue, we review the latest books top authors write for youngsters. There are also short works of fiction written especially for Pastime by some of our best writers.
We know that children at this age are dealing with many emotions and sometimes difficult feelings, so we have a personal advice page to reply to questions dealing with personal and moral problems.
Unlike many of today’s throwaway comics, Pastime is written and designed to be kept and treasured. We know children love going online — but we also know how much they enjoy holding a printed magazine in their hands, and the excitement they get when each new issue drops through the letterbox personally addressed to them.
Subscription
Pastime is published six times a year. An annual subscription costs just £20 and makes a great gift for any child aged eight to twelve.
To order by phone：Dial 1-800-821-0156 and use Offer Code WEBSAVE86 for print-only subscriptions.
You can cancel at any time for magazines that haven’t shipped yet.
31. If a reader is interested in festivals, he can read ______.
A. History
B. World
C. Sport
D. Art
32. What does the magazine provide？
A. Photos of talented artists.
B. Stories created by children.
C. Suggestions on readers’ problems.
D. Book reviews written by students.
33. For subscription, one needs to know that the magazine ______.
A. offers electronic copies
B. costs £20 for each copy
C. is for kindergarten children
D. is published every two months
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为一则广告。

《消遣》是一本两个月一期的杂志，专为好奇的年轻人而设。

文章介绍了这款杂志的特色和订阅方式。

【31题详解】
推理判断题。

festival是指生活中值得纪念的重要日子，是世界人民为适应生产和生活的需要而共同创造的一种民俗文化。

根据文章中World includes stories about daily life, folk tales, and history and traditions of the people and places.（世界包括关于日常生活、民间故事以及人民和地方的历史和传统的故事。

）可知，如果一个读者对节日感兴趣，他可以阅读“世界”模块。

故B选项正确。

【32题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章中的We know that children at this age are dealing with many emotions and sometimes difficult feelings, so we have a personal advice page to reply to questions dealing with personal and moral problems.（我们知道这个年龄段的孩子会处理很多情绪，有时会处理一些困难的情绪，所以我们有个人的建议页面来回答一些个人问题和道德问题。

）可知，这本杂志对读者的问题提出建议。

故C选项正确。

【33题详解】
细节理解题。

根据Subscription部分的Pastime is published six times a year.可知，这款杂志两个月出版一期。

故D选项正确。

【点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。

它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。

直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。

此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。

定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子（即定位），然后进行比较和分析（尤其要注意一些同义转换），从而找出正确答案。

跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子（有时可能是几个句子）或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。

以本文第3小题为例，本题运用定位法：我们根据题干For subscription, one needs to know that the magazine ____（为了订阅，人们需要知道这本杂志___），其关键词是subscription，从而直接定位到Subscription部分——Pastime is published six times a year. An annual subscription costs just £20 and makes a great gift for any child aged eight to twelve.…for print-only subscriptions.（《消遣》每年出版六次。

年度订阅费用只是£20，是一个送给任何八到十二岁孩子的很棒的礼物……纯印刷订阅。

）再结合各选项可知，只有D项与原文相符。

故D选项正确。

B
Every year, 1.5 million kids around the world die as a result of not getting vaccines （疫苗）.
This is partly because transporting and storing medicines can be a huge challenge in some countries.
Anurudh Ganesan, 17, knows this firsthand. When he was a baby in India, his grandparents carried him 10 miles to a health clinic in a remote village to receive a vaccine. But by the time they arrived, the vaccines were no longer usable because they had been overheated.
Vaccines, Anurudh later learned, must be kept cool to stay effective. But refrigerating them requires electricity or ice – precious resources that many developing countries lack.
Although Anurudh eventually received the vaccine he needed, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren’t as lucky motivated him to take action. The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable vaccine-carrying device that generates its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they’re delivered to remote areas around the world.
Anurudh first got his idea for Vaxxwagon in He read several textbooks to learn everything he could about refrigeration, and then he did research online to learn more about vaccines. Rather than relying on electricity or ice, Anurudh figured out a way to use wheels to power a refrigeration system for about eight hours. The entire rechargeable cooling system can be pulled to areas in need of vaccines by a bicycle, a car, or an animal. Eventually, Anurudh took his design to professors at Johns Hopkins University for advice. Not only did they confirm Vaxxwagon could work, but they offered him funding to help build it.
Anurudh was rewarded with the 2015 Google Science Fair LEGO Education Builder Award for his invention. Anurudh says his final goal is to start selling Vaxxwagon to relief organizations, so it can be used to help people around the world.
Anurudh, who plans to pursue engineering degree in college, says, “Don’t give up on your ideas. But always try to hel p others with your projects. That’s the point of engineering –to help people.”
34. Why do many children die every year？
A. They lack qualified medical teams.
B. They cannot afford usable medicines.
C. They don’t have an electricity system.
D. They have no access to effective vaccines.
35. What is special about Vaxxwagon？
A. It can serve as a fridge.
B. It can produce safe vaccines.
C. It can detect deadly diseases.
D. It can be a means of transport.
36. Which of the following words can best describe Anurudh？
A. Caring and creative.
B. Modest and sympathetic.
C. Loyal and determined.
D. Honest and hard-working.
37. What can we learn from the story？
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. One good turn deserves another.
C. Motivation is the mother of success.
D. All things are difficult before they are easy.
【答案】34. D 35. A 36. A 37. C
【解析】
本文为记叙文。

每年，全世界有150万儿童因未接种疫苗而死亡。

这在一定程度上是因为在某些国家，运输和储存药品可能是一个巨大的挑战。

17岁的印度男孩阿努鲁德·甘尼桑发明了一种携带疫苗的便携式装置VaxxWagon，这种装置可以产生自己的能量，在将救生药物运送到世界各地的偏远地区时，使其保持凉爽。

阿努鲁德因其发明获得了2021届谷歌科学博览会乐高教育建设者奖。

【34题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段中的Every year, 1.5 million kids around the world die as a result of not getting vaccines （疫苗）. This is partly because transporting and storing medicines can be a huge challenge in some countries.（每年，全世界有150万儿童因未接种疫苗而死亡。

这在一定程度上是因为在某些国家，运输和储存药品可能是一个巨大的挑战。

）及第二段中的But by the time they arrived, the vaccines were no longer usable because they had been overheated.（但是当他们到达时，疫苗已经不能使用了，因为它们已经过热了）可知，每年都有许多儿童因为得不到有效的疫苗而死亡。

故D选项正确。

【35题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第四段中的The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable vaccine-carrying device that generates its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they’re delivered to remote areas around the world.（这名高中生发明了一种携带疫苗的便携式装置VaxxWagon，这种装置可以产生自己的能量，在将救生药物运送到世界各地的偏远地区时，使其保持凉爽。

）可知，VaxxWagon的特殊之处在于它可以当作冰箱使用，将救生药物运送到世界各地的偏远地区。

故A选项正确。

【36题详解】
推理判断题。

17岁的印度男孩阿努鲁德·甘尼桑为拯救更多的人，而发明了一种携带疫苗的便携式装置VaxxWagon，这种装置可以产生自己的能量，在将救生药物运送到世界各地的偏远地区时，使其保持凉爽。

由此可知，阿努鲁德•甘尼桑是一个有爱心、有创造力的人。

故A选项正确。

【37题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第四段中的Although Anurudh eventually received the vaccine he needed, his experienc e as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren’t as lucky motivated him to take action.（尽管阿努鲁德最终获得了他所需要的疫苗，但他作为一个婴儿的经历，以及许多其他孩子没有那么幸运的悲惨现实促使他采取行动。

）及最终他发明了VaxxWagon装置可知，动机是成功之母。

故C选项正确。

C
Why Black Friday Shoppers Still Crowd Stores
To many of us, the ideas of rushing out to a superstore the day after Thanksgiving is appealing. Why would anyone race to crowded stores when they could stay in with family, or watch college football？We can’t say we know the answer for sure. But we do feel amaze d at those who pour into stores looking for Black Friday bargains. Seemingly, nothing can stop them. Not the weather. Not the crowds. And not the fact that hurrying to a store in the age of instant e-commerce seems so…last century.
To be sure, holiday shopping habits do appear to be shifting. The National Retail （零售）Federation has stopped breaking up its holiday sales numbers by whether they come from e-tail purchases or from physical stores. It’s a pretty good sign that retailers don’t want to bring further attention to the declining fortunes of brick-and-mortar stores.
But there is no denying that people still love going to stores. Actual shopping in actual places remains an important part of the holiday ceremony for millions of Americans. T o many, it’s t he difference between playing a sport and playing a video game. As commercial as stores may be, they are still places where actual human beings interact. In a store, the “courageous” shopper performs the approving act of finding a present. That item might be heavily promoted by the store, but it doesn’t drop into one’s cart. It is picked up and examined before a decision is made. Maybe it gets put back on the shelf when the shopper changes his or her mind. Maybe there is a conversation with a sales clerk. The process is not that different than it would have been decades ago.
Online, the shopper has barely logged in before being faced with disturbing algorithmic （大数据的） suggestions based on earlier purchases. This hardly qualifies as shopping. This hardly qualifies as thinking.
Perhaps we are reading too much into the Black Friday phenomenon. But we suspect one reason Black Friday remains is that it involves an act of resistance against the Internet age. That would hardly be unreasonable. There aren’t many stud ies showing that time spent in stores is bad for one’s health, while there are quite a few drawing a link between time spent online and depression. Perhaps the people crowding into stores aren’t the crazy ones after all.
38. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs？
A. Physical stores are not so popular as before.
B. People spend more on Black Friday bargains.
C. Americans have an unhealthy shopping habit.
D. Goods in stores are cheaper than those online.
39. The author thinks people love to go holiday shopping mainly because ________.
A. they feel tired of shopping online
B. they think it is good for their health
C. they hope to pass down the holiday tradition
D. they can have real communication with others
40. What does the author think of the Black Friday phenomenon？
A. Puzzling.
B. Unusual.
C. Out-of-date.
D. Understandable.
41. What is mainly discussed in the passage？
A. The psychology of shopping.
B. The development of retailing.
C. The influences of e-commerce.
D. The features of holiday economy.
【答案】38. A 39. D 40. D 41. A
【解析】
本文为议论文。

文章论述了为什么黑色星期五的购物者仍然挤满商店？
【38题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第一、二段的描述可知，上世纪似乎没有什么能阻止人们进行“黑色星期五”的疯狂购物，现在电子商务时代匆匆忙忙地逛商店似乎不再是那种情况。

由此可知，实体店不像以前那么受欢迎了。

故A选项正确。

【39题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三段中的As commercial as stores may be, they are still places where actual human beings interact.（尽管商店可能是商业性的，但它们仍然是实际人类互动的地方。

）可知，作者认为人们喜欢去度假购物主要是因为他们可以与他人进行真正的交流。

故D选项正确。

【40题详解】
推理判断题。

根据作者对于喜欢度假购物原因的解读及最后一段中的Perhaps the people crowding into stores aren’t the crazy ones after all.（也许人们涌入商店并不是疯狂的）可推知，作者对于黑色星期五现象是持理解态度的。

故D选项正确。

【41题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据标题Why Black Friday Shoppers Still Crowd Stores以及通读全文可知，本文主要论述了电子商务时代为什么黑色星期五的购物者仍然挤满商店，解读了那些度假购物者的心理。

故A选项正确。

D
An open office is supposed to force employees to cooperate. T o have them talk more face to face. T o get them off instant messenger （IM） and brainstorming new ideas. But a recent study by two researchers offers evidence to support what many people who work in open offices already know：It doesn’t really work that way. The noise causes people to put on headphones and tune out. The lack of privacy causes others to work from home when they can. And the sense of being in a fishbowl means many choose email over a desk-side chat.
Ethan Bernstein and Stephen Turban, two Harvard Business School professors, studied two Fortune 500 companies that made the shift to an open office environment from one where workers had more privacy. Using “sociometric” electronic badges （徽章） and microphones,
as well as data on email and instant messenger use by employees, the researchers found in the first study that after the organization made the move to open-plan offices, workers spent 73% less time in face-to-face interaction. Meanwhile, email use rose 67% and IM use went up 75%.
The participants wore the badges and microphones for several weeks before the office was redesigned and for several after, and the company gave the researchers access to their electronic communications. The results were astonishing. “We were surprised by the degree to which we found the effect,” Bernstein said. The badges c ould tell that two people had a face-to-face interaction without recording actual spoken words. The researchers were careful to make sure other factors weren’t in question—the business cycle was similar, for instance, and the group of employees were the same.
In a second study, the researchers looked at the changes in interaction between specific pairs of colleagues, finding a similar drop in face-to-face communication and a smaller but still significant increase in electronic correspondence.
Another wrinkle in their research, Bernstein said, is that not only did workers shift the way of communication they used, but they also tended to interact with different groups of people online than they did in person. Moving from one kind of communication to another may not be all bad—“maybe email is just more efficient,” he said—but if managers want certain teams of people to be interacting, that may be lost more than they think. The shift in office space could “have strong effects on productivity and the quality of work”.
Bernstein hopes the research will offer evidence that will help managers consider the possible trade-offs of moving to an open office plan. In seeking a lower cost per square foot, they buy into the idea that it will also lead to more cooperation, eve n if it’s not clear that’s
true. “I don’t blame the architects,” he said. “But I do think we spend more of our time thinking about how to design workplaces based on the observer’s angle”—the manager—“rather than the observed.”
42. Employers prefer an open office because they think it can ______.
A. increase competition
B. improve communication
C. create a safe environment
D. motivate workers’ responsibility
43. Why was there an increase in electronic correspondence among employees？
A. Because they thought little of desk-side chat.
B. Because they shifted to a new business cycle.
C. Because they wanted to protect their privacy.
D. Because they needed to complete more tasks.
44. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refer to？
A. The researchers.
B. The managers.
C. Certain teams of people.
D. Different groups of workers.
45. As for the design of workplaces, what is Bernstein’s major concern？
A. Connectivity.
B. Accessibility.
C. User-friendliness.
D. Cost-effectiveness.
【答案】42. B 43. C 44. B 45. C
【解析】
本文为议论文。

文章介绍了关于开放式办公室的利与弊的研究。

【42题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第一段中的An open office is supposed to force employees to cooperate. To have them talk more face to face. To get them off instant messenger （IM） and brainstorming new ideas可知，雇主们更喜欢开放的办公室，因为他们认为它可以改善沟通。

故B选项正确。

【43题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第一段中的The lack of privacy causes others to work from home when they can. And the sense of being in a fishbowl means many choose email over a desk-side chat.可知，雇员之间的电子通信越来越多是因为他们想保护自己的隐私。

故C选项正确。

【44题详解】
词义猜测题。

根据划线词所在句if managers want certain teams of people to be interacting, that may be lost more than they think.（如果管理人员希望某些团队的人员进行交流，那么损失可能比他们想象的要多。

）可知，划线词they应指代的条件句中的managers。

故B选项正确。

【45题详解】
推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的Bernstein hopes the research will offer evidence that will help managers consider the possible trade-offs of moving to an open office plan…But I do think we spend more of our time thinking about how to design workplaces based on the observer’s angle—the manager—rather than the observed.（伯恩斯坦希望，这项研究将提供证据，帮助管理人员考虑转向开放式办公室计划的利弊……但我确实认为，我们花更多的时间考虑如何从旁观者（管理。