韩礼德与系统功能语法

Process
In English, we make choices between different types of process, participants, circumstances, roles, and members. They are known collectively as the transitivity choices. We first divided the choices into six kinds:
Identifying mode (Identified-Process-Identifier): (4)Tom is the leader. (intensive) (5)Tomorrow is the tenth. (circumstantial) (6)The piano is Peter’s. (possessive)
My brother broke the window. (Actor-Process-Goal)
The girl smiles. (Actor-Process)
Process
2. Mental Processes: Processes of sensing
A mental process consists of two participants: Senser and Phenomenon. The senser is the conscious being that is feeling, thinking, or seeing. The phenomenon is that which is “sensed” – felt, thought, seen. The category of mental process consists of three principal subtypes (1) perception (seeing, hearing, etc), (2) affection (liking, fearing, etc), and (3) cognition (thinking, knowing, etc)
Relational processes can be classified into two types: the Attributive and the Identifying. The former expresses what attributes a certain object has, or what type it belongs to. The latter expresses the identical properties of two entities.
ranks (sentence, clause,
group, word, and morpheme)
The axis of choice
Meaning aspects of grammar
choice (paradigmatic)
Chain (syntagmatic)
The relation between systemic grammar and functional grammar
Systemic Grammar
First person
person Second person
Third person
singular number plural
past
tense present
future 当从有关系统中一一进行选择之后（如人 称、数、及物性、语气、时态等），则可 生成句子结构。
the ideational Three metafunctions the interpersonal
the textual function
Functional Grammar
The ideational function is to convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer. The ideational function mainly consists of “transitivity” and “voice”.
• He is probably the most important representative of the SystemicFunctional School.
Systemic-Functional Grammar has two components: Systemic Grammar and Functional Grammar.
Attributive mode (Carrier-Process-Attribute): (1)Mary is wise. (intensive) (2)The meeting is on a Tuesday. (circumstantial) (3)Peter has a piano. (possessive)
The notion of system is made a central explanatory principle, the whole of language being conceived as a “system of systems”. Halliday defines system as a system of potentials, a range of alternatives.
韩礼德与系统功能语法系统功能语法系统功能语法概论韩礼德韩礼德作品有哪些韩礼德和哈桑功能语法功能合一语法功能语法导论功能语法入门
Halliday and SystemicFunctional Grammar
Gao Lei
• Michael Alexander Kirkwood Halliday has developed ideas stemming from Firth’s theories in the London School.
These two relations can be further classified into the Intensive (χ is a ), Circumstantial (χ is at a), and Possessive (χ has a).
Process
3. Relational Processes: Processes of Being
Transitivity
Transitivity is a grammatical system. I t “specifies the different types of process that are recognized in the language, and the structures by which they are expressed”. The basic semantic framework for the representation of process consists of three components (1) the process itself, (2) participants in the process, and (3)circumstances associated with the process.
Systemic Grammar
On a general level, there is the Chain System and the
Choice System
Surface aspects of grammar,
The axis of chain
such as sentence structures, linguistic units, and thehe ball)
Mental process (John likes Mary)
Relational Process (John is on the sofa)
Transitivity Behavioural process (John laughed)
Verbal process (John said it is cold in the room) Existential process (There is a cat on the sofa)
Process
1. Material processes: Processes of doing
Material processes are processes of doing. Such a process is expressed by an action verb (e.g. beat、break、kick), an actor (logical subject) and the goal of the action (logical direct object, usually a noun or a pronoun). Actor and Goal correspond to Agent and Patient. For example:
Functional Grammar
Halliday defines a functional grammar as “essentially a ‘natural’ grammar, in the sense that everything in it can be explained”. Halliday interprets language development from a functional point of view and formulates a functional theory of language.
e.g. Mary liked the gift. (Senser-Process-Phenomenon)
The gift pleased Mary. (Phenomenon-Process-Senser)
Process
3. Relational Processes: Processes of Being
The interpersonal function embodies all uses of language to express social and personal relations.
The textual function refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences.
Systemic Grammar
Systemic grammar aims to explain the internal relations in language as a SYSTEM NETWORK, or MEANING POTENTIAL. And this network consists of subsystems from which language users make choices.
The system network in Systemic Grammar chiefly describes three components of function, or three metafunctions (ideational, interpersonal, and textual). Each of them is a complex system consisting of other systems, and choices are simultaneously made from the three metafunctions.