20-21版：Grammar——过去分词(短语)作状语（创新设计）

Grammar——过去分词(短语)作状语
[思维导图]
一、过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。

过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。

When offered help，one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you”．(时间状语) 当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It’s kind of you”。

Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语)
如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。

Greatly inspired by what he did，I joined him in helping others.(原因状语)
在他所做的事情的极大鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。

Visited many times，the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语)
虽然已参观了几次，这个地方仍值得再来。

He has been preparing his paper all day long，locked in his study.(方式状语)
锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。

The guest walked into the room，greeted by his owner.(伴随状语)
客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。

二、过去分词(短语)作状语时在句中的位置
过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可放在主句前作状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开；放在主句的后面时，前面用逗号与主句隔开。

Done in a hurry，his homework was full of mistakes.
因为做得匆忙，他的作业满是错。

He stood there silently，moved to tears.
＝Moved to tears，he stood there silently.
他静静地站在那里，被感动地热泪盈眶。

三、过去分词(短语)作状语时几点特殊情况
1．过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。

Seen from the top of the mountain(＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain)，the whole town looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看，整个城镇看起来更美了。

Given ten more minutes(＝If we are given ten more minutes)，we will finish the work perfectly.
如果多给十分钟，我们会完美地完成这份工作。

Greatly touched by his words(＝Because she was greatly touched by his words)，she was full of tears.
由于他的话深深地感动了她，她满眼泪花。

Warned of the storm(＝Though they were warned of the storm)，the farmers were still working on the farm.
尽管被警告了风暴的到来，农民们仍在农场干活。

2．过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。

The teacher came into the room，followed by two students(＝and was followed by two students)．
后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。

He spent the whole afternoon，locked in his study(＝and was locked in his study)．他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。

3．过去分词作状语可与之对应的状语从句互换。

而从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。

Even if I am invited(＝Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party.
即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。

Unless you are asked to speak (Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting.
除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。

If it is merely drawn on your imagination (＝If merely drawn on your imagination)，the report will not be convincing.
假如仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。

4．过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构
过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构，过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。

The project finished(＝After the project was finished)，they had a two weeks’ leave.
完成那项工程后，他们休了两周假。

The work done(＝Because the work was done)，they went out to have a rest.
因为工作被完成了，他们出去休息去了。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year，when called (call) upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. 2．(2019·北京卷)Armed with this knowledge，they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)If accepted (accept)，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors，which can help them know more about Chinese culture.
4．(2019·江苏卷)Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded(surround) by his family.
5．Clearly and thoughtfully written (write)，the book inspires confidence in students
who wish to seek their own answers.
6．Ordered (order)over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive anytime. 7．Faced (face) with the difficult situation，he took courage and overcame it at last. 8．Inspired (inspire) by the spirit of the spider，the general gathered his soldiers and trained them carefully.
9．Though surprised (surprise) to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. 10．Absorbed(absorb) in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He did quite well in the exam considered how little he studied.considered→considering
2．Comparing with letters and public phones，mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more paring→Compared
3．Absolutely absorbing in deep thought，he didn’t hear the bell.absorbing→absorbed 4．When seeing from the top of the tower，the park looks more beautiful.seeing→seen 5．The party will be held in the garden，weather permitted.permitted→permitting 6．Her homework was done，Mary decided to go shopping.去掉was
7．Every evening after dinner，if not tiring from work，I will spend some time walking my dog. tiring→tired
8．The leader came into the room，following by his two assistants.following→followed
Ⅲ.用过去分词及省略形式补全句子
1．I won’t attend his birthday party，unless__invited．
除非被邀请，否则我不去参加他的生日晚会。

2．Lost__in__thought，the scientist almost ran into the car in front of him.
由于陷入沉思，这位科学家差一点撞上前面的汽车。

3．Scolded__by__the__teacher，my deskmate sat there without lifting her head.
由于被老师批评了，我同桌低着头坐在那儿。

4．Written__by__Guo__Jingming，the book appeals to middle school students.
郭敬明写的书的读者对象是中学生。

5．When__asked__her__future__plans，the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher. 当被问到未来的计划时，这个女孩说想成为一名教师。