阅读理解词义猜测题.doc

阅读理解词义猜测题
词义猜测题就是考查考生在阅读时不用查词典，仅仅通过上下文的意思就能猜测出生词词义的能力。

突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。

考查的词有时为新词，有时为熟词新义。

设问方式：
对单词意思的猜测：
1.The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to / means ________
2.What does the word “….” In paragraph … stand for /mean?
3.“….” could best be replaced by which of the following?
4.the word “…..” is closest in meaning to _______________.
对短语意思的猜测
1.The expression /phrase “….” Means __________
2.the underlined expression/ phrase in paragraph refers to / means _________
3.“…” could best be replaced by which of the following?
4.the phrase “……” is closest in meaning to __________\
对句子意思的猜测：
1.The sentence “…..” indicates that ______________
2.The underlined sentence implies /means that ____________
3.what does the underlined sentence mean?
4.By “….”, the author means that _____________.
对代词的意思猜测
What does the word “….” Underlined in the last paragraph refer to ?
What does the underlined word refer to?
解题技巧：
1．根据单词的前缀或后缀猜测单词的意思
2．注意文章中能够解释生词的定义性语句
3．根据单词与文章其他部分的关系，通过对比、因果、比较等方法猜测词义。

4．根据同义词或近义词猜测词义
答题步骤
1．首先要认真阅读文章，对文章的内容有一个大体的了解，把握好文章的整体脉络。

2．对题目中出现的要求考生猜测的短语、单词或句子的部分进行反复的阅读，力求从一下句或一些定义性的语句中找到有用的信息。

3．将猜出的单词、短语或句子的意思带入文中进行检验，看是否符合上下句的意思，文章上下是否衔接、连贯。

方法指导：
单词：对单词的意思猜测时要利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词或提示句进行猜测，并通过文章的大意来验证。

1. 根据上下文解释作出判断
根据短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，在上文或下文出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

例1 The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.（09湖南C）
66. The underlined words “the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _____.
A. the fish beaten up
B. the fish found out
C. the fish fattened up
D. the fish driven away
分析：从前面的“being driven away”可知，得出答案是_______.
2. 根据转折或对比关系判断
根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。

另外，分号（；）也可以表示转折、对比或不相于的意义。

例2 July 21 st , 2007 was a typical English summer’s day — it rained for 24 hours! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss. By the time I lift work at 5 pm, however, the road into our village was flooded. Our house bad never been flooded but, as I opened the front door, a wave of water greeted me. Thank God the kids weren’t with me, because the house was 5 feet deep in water. We lost everything downstairs. And the plaster had to be torn off the walls, ceilings pulled down.
45. What does the underlined word “amiss” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Wrong.
B. Missing.
C. Right.
D. Found.
分析：根据however，可以猜测出nothing was amiss与the road into our village was flooded 是相反的，因此答案为________.
4．根据构词法（转化、合成、派生）进行判断
在英语中，有很多词可以在其前面加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。

掌握了一定的构词法便可轻松猜出它的词义。

5．根据因果关系进行判断
（08全国二B）In nutrition(营养) it was all good news too. This nice-tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C(维生素C) than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases. People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.
62. The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something ______.
A. that people enjoy eating
B. that is always present
C. that is difficult to get
D. that people use as a gift
分析：根据对该水果在营养，口味等方面的优势分析，得出它是购物者的菜篮中的不可或缺的水果。

答案为B。

6．根据同位关系进行判断
在篇章中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词or连接。

7．利用文章中的举例来猜测词义
可以用从具体到一般，根据文章所举的例子，猜出该词的意思。

（08北京C）You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employee s’ personal-life events is becoming a little troubling.
Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.
63. The underlined word “contributions” probably means ________.
A. money
B. suggestions
C. reports
D. understanding
分析：根据后面the group sending of a gift is reasonable 等猜测出应当是买礼物所需要的钱。

得出答案_____.
8．利用同义词或反义词来猜测词义
（09全国二A）I know what you’re thinking: pizza（比萨饼）？For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a.m. if you want to.
41. The word “leftovers” in paragraph I probably means______.
A. food remaining after a meal
B. things left undone
C. meals made of vegetables
D. pizza topped with fruit
9．利用常识来猜测词义
句子：对句子意思的理解需要我们对文章有一个整体的理解，然后来分析句子在上下文的意思，从而推知句子在文章中的意思。

(08北京D) When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend, He was in despair(失望)and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other.
67. In Paragraph 3, “We gave London to each other” probably means ______.
A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of us
B. we were unwilling to tear ourselves away from London
C. our unpleasant feeling about London disappeared
D. we parted with each other in London
（08北京E）On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
73. In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means ______.
A. losing weight is effortless
B. it costs a lot to lose weight
C. diet products bring no pain
D. diet products are free from calories
（09北京C）So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管)," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That's what we're all struggling with."
66. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ______.
A. the problem is not approached step by step
B. the researches so far have faults in themselves
C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect
D research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns（D）
(09辽宁)The govemment of indin has planned to send a team to China to see how things are done
A minister once said that india must open the doors for more foreign investment(投资)and such a step would “work wonders as it did for China”.
But it’s a two-way streat ,I just heard about a thousand shenzhen office workers who have gone to rangalore to train in software .Mcanwhile , all the IT majors are setting up a strong ptesence in China,
No wonder that trade , which was only in the millions just ten years ago ,is expected to his about us$15 billion for last year and us$20 billion by 2008, a goal set by both governments,
57 What does the author mean by “it’s a two-waystreet’ in paragraph 10?
A China and India have different traffic rules
B Tea trade works wonders in beth india and China
C Chinese priducts are popular in both China and India,
D The exchanges between India and China benefit both
（09辽宁）The idea came from Peter Omidyar, who was born in Paris and moved to Washington when he was still a child, At high school, be became very interested in computer programming and after graduating from Tuft University in 1988, He worked for the next few years as a computer cagineer. In his free time he started Bay as a kind of hobby, at first offering the service free by word of mouth. By 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that he had to upgrade(升级) and he began charging a fee to members. Joined by a friend, Peter Skill. and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whiman, he has never looked back.. Even in the crashes of the late 1990s,abay has gone from strength to strength ,. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet
62. From “he has never looked back “in Paragraph 2 we learn that peter_
A. did not feel lonely
B. was always hopeful
C. did not think about the past
D. became more and more successful
短语
短语：对短语的意思猜测主要是根据对上下文的理解、文章内在的逻辑关系以及对课文整体意思的理解来推断
（09四川C）Honesty comes in many forms. First there’s self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something I’m not , I feel unsure of m yself and take out a part from my PBA(personal bank account ).I love how singer Judy Garland put it, “Always be a first-class version(版本) of yourself , instead of a second-class version of somebody else .”
49. The underlined part “appear through smoke and mirrors” in the first paragraph means “ _____________ ”.
A. to be honest
B. to be unreal
C. to become clear
D. to come from an imagined world（B）
（09上海陆空C）The program allows users to display alerts on the missing computer’s screen and even to set a spoken message. Tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the first that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind.
72. The expression “to give the thief a piece of their mind”can be understood as “_______”.
A. to give the thief an alert mind
B. to express the owners’ anger to the thief
C. to remind the thief of his conscience
D. to make the thief give up his mind（B）
（09广东B）We studied the board critically. Some of US looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the fight or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten—dollar grand prize，each and every one of US. I'm going to spend mine on candies，one hopeful would announce，while another practiced looking serious，wise and rich.
47. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _____________.
A. formed an idea for
B. made an outline for
C. made some space for
D. chose some colors for (A)
（09湖北A）
My grandfather came from Hungary and was the only one in his family who settled down in the United States.The rest of his family remained in Europe.When World War I broke out ,he seemed to have become another man,downherated.Such obvious change was not born out of his welfare,but out of fear.if his only son,my uncle,had to go to war,it would be cousin fighting against cousin.
One day in 1918,my Uncle Milton receved his draft notice.My grandparents were very upset,But my mother,at the age of 10,felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war.Realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and all of her friends,my uncle bought them al service pins,which meant that they had a loved one in the service.All the little girls were delighted.
52.The underlined phrase “draft notice”means ““
A.order for army service
B.train ticket for Europe
C.letter of rejection
D.note of waring
53.What did the “service pins”(in Para.2)stand for in the dyes of the little girls?
A.Strength.
B.Courage.
C.Victory.
D.Honor.
代词：
代词：我们要在理解全文意思的基础上，通过对上下句或上下文的理解来推测代词在句中的指代对象。

文章中的代词it, that, he hi,或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it 或that还可以指一件事。

有时代词与其指代的对象相隔较远，有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结才能得出代词所指代的事，遇到这种情况要认真分析原文。

（08全国二A）The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt clos er to him at that moment. After so many years, I’m at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, I’m delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.
59. The underlined words “my new friend” in the last paragraph refer to ______.
A. the author’s son
B. the author’s father
B. the friend of the author’s father D. the café owner
（09浙江A）We were in Boston, a place not always known for small conversation between strangers. The woman stopped unloading her basket and looked up at me. She smiled. It was a nice smile –warm and reassuring –and I returned her gift by smiling back.
42．What does the underlined phrase “her gift”(Paragraph 2) refer to?
A．Her words. B．Her smile. C．Her flowers. D．her politeness.
（09四川E）One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but that’s not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land —including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil — into farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide（CO2）into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.
58. The underline word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “” .
A. the energy benefit
B. the forest loss
C. climate change
D. burning ethanol
（09安徽B）
Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as "boats on land" for their ability to carry loads. Besides, the whole body of an ox is full of treasures. Their meat and milk are food full of nutrition, and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes. With all these qualities, oxen are regarded as generous creatures
60. The words "boats on land" underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to __
A. animals for taking goods
B. creatures for pulling plows
C. treasures of the folk culture
D. tools in the farming economy
（09安徽E）In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源)：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals．This action affects the environment as a whole．For example，a lot of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests．People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this．Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two．Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply．
73．What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
A．We will lose much more than we can gain．
B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests．
C．People have a strong desire for resources．
D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests．。