哥白尼简介英文(精编版)

哥白尼简介英文
尼古拉哥白尼，是文艺复兴时期的波兰天文学家、数学家、教会法博士、神父，下面是为你整理的哥白尼简介英文，希望对你有用!
尼古拉哥白尼简介
NikolaiCopernicus(Polish:NikolajKopernik,February19,1473-Ma y24,1543,attheageof70),istheRenaissancePolishastronomer,mat hematician,churchlaw,priestThe
AtCopernicus40yearsold,heputforwardtheheartoftheheart,denyi ngtheauthorityofthechurch,changedthehumanviewofnatureonthei rown.AtthattimetheRomanCatholicChurchbelievedthathisday-min dedviolatedtheBible,Copernicusremainedconvincedthattheheart saiditwasnotcontradictory,andafteryearsofobservationandcalc ulationtocompletehisgreatworkcelestialism.
In1533,60-year-oldCopernicusmadeaseriesofspeechesinRome,and finallydecidedtopublishituntilhewasneartheseventies.May24,1 543CopernicusdiedthatdaythepublisherreceivedCopernicussenta bookhewrote.
Copernicus;;sheartsaidcorrectedpeople;;scosmology.Copernicu
sisagiantoftheEuropeanRenaissance.Hedevotedhislifetothestud yofastronomy,leavingavaluablelegacyforlatergenerations.
TheCopernicusremainsontherehearsaloftheFraunbergCathedralin PolandonMay22,20xx.
February19,20xxisthe540thanniversaryofthebirthoftheastronom erCopernicus,Polandheldaseriesofactivitiesthroughoutthecoun trytocommemoratethegreatchangethathaschangedthehumanunivers e.
尼古拉哥白尼成长背景
NicholasCopernicusOnFebruary19,1973,awealthyfamilyborninthe cityofToruńontheVistulaRiverintheKingdomofPoland.
Attheageof18,hestudiedatKrakówUniversity,theoldcapit alofPoland,andwasinterestedinastronomyduringhisstudyofmedic ine.
In1496,the23-year-oldCopernicuscametoItaly,wherehestudiedla w,medicineandtheologyattheUniversityofBolognaandtheUniversi tyofPaduaattheUniversityofBolognaandtheUniversityofPadua,th
eastronomeroftheUniversityofBologna(DeNovara,1454-1540)hada greatinfluenceonCopernicus,wherehehadlearnedastronomicalobs ervationsandGreekastronomy.
Attheageof40heproposedtheheliocentrictheory(theheliocentric theory).AndlaterreceivedadoctorateinreligiouslawfromtheUniv ersityofFerrara.Copernicusasadoctor,becauseofmedicalclevera ndwasknownasthedoctor.
CopernicusmostlyspentmostofhistimeinthechurchofFrauen.Coper nicusisnotaprofessionalastronomer,hisfamousmasterpieceiscom pletedinhissparetime.
尼古拉哥白尼历史背景
Copernicus;;sscientificachievementistheproductofhistime,and turnedtopromotethedevelopmentofthetimes.
Fifteen,sixteenthcenturyEurope,itisfromthefeudalsocietytoth ecapitalistsocietyofthecriticalperiod,inthetwohundredyears, thecommunityhasundergonetremendouschanges.
Beforethe14thcenturyinEurope,everywhereisafragmentedsmallci
ter,withtheriseofurbanindustryandcommerce,especiallyth edevelopmentofminingandmetallurgyindustry,theemergenceofman yemergingcities,smallcitieshavejoinedtogethertoformanationa ltrend.
Bytheendofthefifteenthcentury,therewereessentiallymonarchic almonarchiesinmanycountries.AtthattimePolandnotonlylikeKrak ow,Poznansuchabigcity,therearemanyhandicraftindustryflouris hingcity.
TheWarsaw,whichwasconvertedintoPolandin1526,hasbecomeanimpo rtantcenterofbusiness,politics,cultureandgeography,andbecam ethecapitalofthePolishstateattheendofthe16thcentury.
Andthispoliticalandeconomicchangetoadapttotheculturalandsci entificalsobegantoreflect.Atthattime,Europewastheunityofchu rchandstate,theHolySeecontrolsmanycountries,theBibleisdecla redassupremetruth,allcontrarytothedoctrineoftheBible,areden ouncedasheresy,allagainstthetheocraticrule,allWassentencedt ofire,theItalianthinkerBruno,inordertomaintaintheheartofthe day,thatwastaughttoburnwithfire(onethatBrunowasexecutednotb ecauseheinsistedonscientifictruth,butbecausehepubliclypubli
cizedadifferentviewofChristianity).
Theemergingbourgeoisiefortheirownsurvivalanddevelopment,set offastruggleagainstthefeudalsystemandchurchsuperstition,the rehasbeenahumanistictrendofthought.Theyusethecombatweaponis notthegodsoftheancientGreekphilosophy,scienceandliterature, whichisshockingtheEuropeanRenaissance.TheRenaissancefirstto okplaceinItalyandsoonexpandedtoPolandandotherEuropeancountr ies.
Atthesametime,commercialactivityhasalsocontributedtothedeve lopmentofforeigntrade.Inthegoldendrivenbythespell,manyEurop eanadventurersvoyageAfrica,IndiaandtheentireFarEast.Oceanna vigationrequiresrichastronomicalandgeographicalknowledge,ac cumulatedfromtheobservationoftheactualdata,sothatpeoplefeel popularquietcosmologyisdoubtful,whichrequirespeopletofurthe rexplorethesecretsoftheuniverse,soastopromoteThedevelopment ofastronomyandgeography.
In1492,thefamousItaliannavigatorColumbusdiscoveredthenewcon tinent,Magellanandhiscompanionsaroundtheearthaweek,provingt hattheearthwasroundandmadepeoplestarttoreallyknowtheearth.
Inthemedievalperiodunderthestrictcontrolofthechurch,therewe realsovigorousreligiousrevolutions.ManyofthedoctrinesoftheC atholicChurchdidnotconformtotheteachingsoftheBible,andjoine dthepapal;;spersonalwillandtheself-achievementofthevarioust heologians,somanybelieversbegantoquestiontheCatholicismThet eachingsandtheorganization,initiatingthereturntotheBible.
Czechpatriots,thepresidentoftheUniversityofPrague,JanHus(13 69-1415),publiclycondemnedtheoppressionandexploitationofthe GermanfeudallordsandtheCatholicChurchagainsttheCzechRepubli catthereligiousconferenceinConstantinople.Althoughhewasfire dbythereactionarychurch,hisrevolutionaryactivitieshadarouse dastrongreactioninsociety.Czechpeasantsheldanuprisingundert hebanneroftheHussists,andthemovementalsospreadtoPoland.
In1517,inGermany,MartinLuther(1483-1546)opposedthechurchtos ellatonement,andtheRomanpopeopenlybroke.
In1521,LutherexposesthesinsoftheHolySeeattheWolmCongressand proposestheideaofestablishingProtestantism.Protestantdoctri neissupportedbymanycountries,andPolandisalsodeeplyaffected.
Insuchabigchangeintheeraofgreatturbulence,February19,1473Co pernicusintheVistulaRiverTorunCitywasborn.Hisfatherwasaweal thybusinessman,hehadabrotherandtwosisters.WhenCopernicuswas 10yearsold,hisfatherwasdeadandhewassenttotheuncle,Carmelisa humanist,heandthentheprogressoftheintellectualsectorinPolan disveryclose,andwiththeItalianrevolutionaries,humanistPhili pBuonaxiisafriend.AtthetimeofCopernicussecondaryschool,thec ardcamewithhimtoparticipateinthegatheringofhumanists.
In1491,accordingtotheuncle;;sarrangement,CopernicuswenttoKr akowUniversitytostudyastronomyandmathematics.
Atthattime,Polandhadproducedsomefamousastronomers,suchasMar leneKeluoer,whowrotein1450asthebookofYaldishStarElephant,an dlecturesinmanycountries.Anotherexampleisthefamousastronome rVojciehe,whohascompiledastronomicalcalendar,helecturedatth eUniversityofKrakow,isCopernicusschoolmathematicsandastrono myprofessor.Copernicus;;sSunCenterdoctrinewasbornattheUnive rsityofKrakow.
AlthoughtheBibledoesnotinvolveastronomicalknowledgesuchasth
eearthisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheheavenlyplace.IntheMidd leAges,astronomyalsohadanofficialargumentthathadbeenextende dtoancientGreeceandhadbeeninstitutionalizedbythetheorists.I nordertoconsolidatethefeudalrule,theCatholicChurchoftheRefe reeburnedalotofpreciousscientificworks,andsometimesactually burned20cartsaday.
In1327,theItalianastronomerCaiKeDasiKeliwasburnedalive,hisc hargesiscontrarytotheteachingsoftheBible,arguingthattheeart hwasspherical,inanotherhemispherealsohumanbeingsexist.。