高考英语阅读理解之按照文章对与错的信息判断学案

阅读理解之按照文章对与错的信息判断

【知识点精讲】

1.常见题型阐述。

阅读能力的考查不但要求理解具体事实细节，也要求理解抽象的含义，既要求理解字面意思，又要求理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行推理和判断。

2.常见提问方式。

a．We can know from the passage that ________．

b. We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________．

c．The passage/author implies/suggests that ______．

d．It can be concluded from the passage that ________．

e．The underlined sentence indicates that ________．

f. ．Which of the following is TRUE….?

3.题眼，关键词。

常用infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose 等词提问，或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如：can, could, might, would 等何其他表示可能性的副词或词组，如probably, most likely 等。

4.解题思路及技巧。

解答这类题时，首先通过寻读找到相关信息点(推理的依据)；然后细读、理解相关信息点的字面意义；最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。解答此类题目，需注意以下几个问题：a．严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，切忌掺杂自己的主观想法或经验。

b．如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案。

c．如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案。

d．如果某个选项所表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案。

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e．文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should，must，may等)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案。

f.注意作者在文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too，excessively，rather 等，则常带有否定的意味。

总之，判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循，可以在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，吃透文章的字面意思，对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，把握句、段之间的逻辑关系。然后通过分析、综合、判断等方法进行深层处理，这样就可以做出符合逻辑的推理判断。

【典型例题及相似题练习】

精选例题示范。

No Grammar Errors

I prefer Lynne Truss's words：I am a grammar"sticker"．And，like Truss﹣author of Eats，shoots Leaves﹣I have a"zero tolerance"approach to grammar mistakes that make people look stupid．

Now，Truss and I disagree on what it means to have"zero tolerance"．She thinks that people who mix up basic grammar"deserve to be struck by lightning，and buried in an unmarked grave"，while I just think they deserve to be passed over for a job﹣even if they are otherwise qualified for the position．

Everyone who applies for a position at either of my companies，iFixit or Dozuki，takes a compulsory grammar test．If they can't distinguish between"to"and"too"，their applications go into the bin．

Of course，we write for a living．iFixit．com is the world's largest online repair manual （指南），and Dozuki helps companies write their own technical documentation（证明文件），like work instructions and step﹣by﹣step user manuals．So，it makes sense that we've made a strong strike against grammar errors．But grammar is relevant for all companies．Yes，language is constantly changing，but that doesn't make grammar unimportant．Good grammar is credibility，especially on the Internet．And，for better or worse，people judge you if you can't tell the difference between"their""there"and"they're"．

Good grammar makes good business sense﹣and not just when it comes to hiring writers．Writing isn't in the official job description of most people in our office．Still，we give our grammar test to everybody，including our salespeople，our operations staff，and our programmers．