集合的基本运算习题及答案

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1.3集合的基本运算习题及答案
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集合的基本运算
一、选择题。

1.已知集合U ={1,3,5,7,9},A ={1,5,7},则A =( D ) A .{1,3} B .{3,7,9} C .{3,5,9} D .{3,9}
解析:选={3,9},故选D.
2.合A ={x |-1≤x ≤2},B ={x |x <1},则A ∩(∁R B )=( D )
A .{x |x >1}
B .{x |x ≥1}
C .{x |1<x ≤2}
D .{x |1≤x ≤2} 解析:选D.∵B ={x |x <1},∴∁R B ={x |x ≥1}, ∴A ∩∁R B ={x |1≤x ≤2}.
3. 已知全集U =Z ,集合A ={x |x 2=x },B ={-1,0,1,2},则图中的阴影部分所表示的集合等于( A )
A .{-1,2}
B .{-1,0}
C .{0,1}
D .{1,2}
解析:选A.依题意知A ={0,1},(A )∩B 表示全集U 中不在集合A 中,但在集合B 中的所有元素,故图中的阴影部分所表示的集合等于{-1,2}.选A.
4.已知全集U ={1,2,3,4,5},且A ={2,3,4},B ={1,2},则A ∩(B )等于( C )
A .{2}
B .{5}
C .{3,4}
D .{2,3,4,5} 解析:选={3,4,5},
∴A ∩(
B )={3,4}.
5.已知全集U ={0,1,2},且A ={2},则A =( D ) A .{0} B .{1} C . D .{0,1} 解析:选D.∵A ={2},
∴2∉A ,又U ={0,1,2},∴A ={0,1}.
6.设集合A ={4,5,7,9},B ={3,4,7,8,9},全集U =A ∪B ,则集合(A ∩B 中的元素共有( )
A .3个
B .4个
C .5个
D .6个
解析:选=A ∪B ={3,4,5,7,8,9},,∴(A ∩B )={3,5,8}.
7.已知集合U ={2,3,4,5,6,7},M ={3,4,5,7},N ={2,4,5,6},则( B ) A .M ∩N ={4,6} B .M ∪N =U C .(
N )∪M =U D .(
M )∩N =N
解析:选 B.由U ={2,3,4,5,6,7},M ={3,4,5,7},N ={2,4,5,6},得M ∩N ={4,5},(N )∪M =
{3,4,5,7},(
M )∩N ={2,6},M ∪N ={2,3,4,5,6,7}=U ,选B.
8.已知全集U ={1,2,3,4,5},集合A ={x |x 2-3x +2=0},B ={x |x =2a ,a ∈A },则集合(A ∪B )中元
素个数为( B )
A .1
B .2
C .3
D .4 解析:选B.∵A ={1,2},∴B ={2,4}, ∴A ∪B ={1,2,4}, ∴
(A ∪B )={3,5}.
9.已知全集U =A ∪B 中有m 个元素,(A )∪(B )中有n 个元素.若A ∩B 非空,则A ∩B 的元素个数为( D )
A .mn
B .m +n
C .n -m
D .m -n
解析:选=A ∪B 中有m 个元素,∵(∁U A )∪(∁U B )=∁U (A ∩B )中有n 个元素,

期:_______
∴A ∩B 中有m -n 个元素,故选D.
二、填空题。

10.已知全集U ={x |1≤x ≤5},A ={x |1≤x <a },若A ={x |2≤x ≤5},则a = 2 . 解析:∵A ∪∁U A =U ,∴A ={x |1≤x <2}.∴a =2.
11.设集合U ={1,2,3,4,5},A ={2,4},B ={3,4,5},C ={3,4},则(A ∪B )∩(C )= {2,5} .
解析:∵A ∪B ={2,3,4,5},C ={1,2,5},
∴(A ∪B )∩(
C )={2,3,4,5}∩{1,2,5}={2,5}.
12.已知全集U ={2,3,a 2-a -1},A ={2,3},若A ={1},则实数a 的值是 -1或2 .
解析:∵U ={2,3,a 2-a -1},A ={2,3},A ={1},
∴a 2-a -1=1,即a 2-a -2=0, 解得a =-1或a =2.
13.设集合A ={x |x +m ≥0},B ={x |-2<x <4},全集U =R ,且(A )∩B =∅,求实数m 的取值范为
{m |m ≥2} .
解析:由已知A ={x |x ≥-m }, ∴∁U A ={x |x <-m },
∵B ={x |-2<x <4},(A )∩B =∅, ∴-m ≤-2,即m ≥2, ∴m 的取值范围是m ≥2.
三、解答题。

14.已知全集U =R ,A ={x |-4≤x <2},B ={x |-1<x ≤3},P ={x |x ≤0或x ≥5
2},求A ∩B ,(B )∪P ,
(A ∩B )∩(P ).
解:将集合A 、B 、P 表示在数轴上,如图.X k b 1 . c o m
∵A ={x |-4≤x <2},B ={x |-1<x ≤3}, ∴A ∩B ={x |-1<x <2}. ∵
B ={x |x ≤-1或x >3},
∴(B )∪P ={x |x ≤0或x ≥5
2}, (A ∩B )∩(
P )={x |-1<x <2}∩{x |0<x <5
2}
={x |0<x <2}.
15.已知集合A ={x |x 2+ax +12b =0}和B ={x |x 2-ax +b =0},满足B ∩(A )={2},A ∩(
B )={4},
U =R ,求实数a ,b 的值. 解:∵B ∩(A )={2}, ∴2∈B ,但2∉A . ∵A ∩(
B )={4},∴4∈A ,但4∉B .
∴⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧
42+4a +12b =022
-2a +b =0,解得⎩⎨⎧
a =8
7
b =12
7
.
∴a ,b 的值为87,-12
7.
16.已知集合A ={x |2a -2<x <a },B ={x |1<x <2},且A C R B ,求实数a 的取值范围.
解:∁R B ={x |x ≤1或x ≥2}≠∅, ∵A ∁R B ,
∴分A =∅和A ≠∅两种情况讨论. ①若A =∅,此时有2a -2≥a , ∴a ≥2.
②若A ≠∅,则有⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 2a -2<a a ≤1或⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧
2a -2<a
2a -2≥2.
∴a ≤1.综上所述,a ≤1或a ≥2.。

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