Unit 4 Earthquakes知识点讲解

Unit 4Earthquakes知识点讲解
一：重点单词
1. burst vi. & vt. (burst, burst)（使某物）爆炸；胀破；爆破
I’ve eaten so much I feel ready to burst.
我吃得太多，肚子都要撑破了。

短语：
（1）burst in/into (a room, etc. )突然进入（房间等）
All of them burst into laughter/tears/song.
他们全都突然笑起来/哭起来/唱起来。

The police burst in/into the room and arrested that gang.
警察突然闯进房门逮捕了那帮人。

（2）burst out doing. . .突然开始做某事
All of them burst out laughing/crying/singing.
他们全都突然笑起来/哭起来/唱起来。

2. in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟
An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
地震过后全城到处都是颓垣断壁。

His career is/lies in ruins.
他的事业已完全失败。

3. injure vt.伤害，损害，受伤
She was badly injured in an accident during the work.
她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。

harm, hurt, injure & wound:
a.harm用于指肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便，还可用于抽象事物，尤其是
指不道德的事情；
b.hurt为一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害，还可用作不及物动词，意为“疼
痛”；
c.injure一般指由于意外或事故而受伤；
d.wound指外伤（如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等），尤指在战争、战斗中受伤。

The robber______________ him with a knife.
A. harmed
B. hurt
C. injured
D. wounded 答案：D
4. destroy vt. to break to pieces; to make useless; to put an end to摧毁；毁坏；破坏
The fire destroyed all my books.
这场大火毁了我的全部书籍。

destroy, damage & ruin:
a.destroy 强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉,无修复的可能；
b.damage一般指对物体或生命的局部损坏，有修复的可能；
c.ruin指缓慢而又长时间的逐渐毁掉某物。

After the war the Japanese economy lay in______________.
A. ruin
B. ruins
C. damage
D. destroy 答案：B
二：重点句型
1.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that
night.
但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了。

句中的who thought little of these events是非限制性定语从句；think little of的意思是“不重视……；认为……没有什么了不起；对……不假思索”，类似的短语还有think better of sb. （对某人印象好；看重某人），think better of sth. （改变念头；打消主意），think highly of（看重；器重），think well of （重视；认为……好），think poorly of（不放在眼里；轻视），think nothing of（轻视；认为……无所谓；认为……没什么了不起），think much of（认为……很不错），think ill of（认为……不好）等；as usual是固定短语，意思是“照常；照例”。

I thought little of what he said at that time.
我对他当时说的话没加思索。

I think much better of him after I have found out his true motive.
我发觉他的真实动机后，对他的评价高多了。

The little boy went to school as usual that day.
那天，那个小男孩照常去上学。

1)In Australia, one thinks______________ of riding fifty miles to a dance.
A. nothing
B. something
C. much
D. better
2)Yesterday, he went out to play football______________.
A. usually
B. as usual
C. usual
D. often 答案：1)A2)B
2. It seemed that the world was at an end.
世界似乎到了末日。

句子中的at an end是固定短语，意思是“结束；终结”；It seems/seemed(to sb. )+that-clause是常用的固定句型，意思是“好像……；似乎……”。

His career seemed at an end.
他的事业似乎结束了。

It seems that I have seen her before.
我好像以前见过她。

It seems to me that there is something funny about the case.
在我看来这件案子好像有点奇怪。

3. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
人们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切都几乎被毁了。

句子中的Everywhere they looked 是让步状语从句，everywhere用作连词，相当于wherever或no matter where，引导让步状语从句。

Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.
无论我去哪儿，我都看到同样的东西。

You see it everywhere you look.
无论你往哪儿看，你都会看到它。

4. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。

该句是“主系表结构”的句子，主语是一个很长的名词短语，其中两处有百分数修饰。

有百分数修饰的结构作主语时，谓语动词要根据百分数所修饰的是可数名词还是不可数名词而定。

句子中的gone 是过去分词，用作表语，意为“消失了；不存在了”，另外它还有“走了”“丢了”“用完了”等意思。

50% of the students in our class are girls.
我们班50%的学生是女生。

Over 70% of the earth surface is covered with water.
地球表面的70%多是水。

His job was gone. 他的工作丢了。

More than 30 %/Nearly one-third of the teachers in our school______________ from other cities in the past.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were 答案：D
5. All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。

这是一个表示部分否定的句子。

句型All. . . not. . . 或Not all. . . 均表示部分否定，可翻译成“不是所有的……”或“并非所有的……”。

Not all the girls left. （= Only some of the girls left. ）
Not all the children are noisy. （= Some of the children are not noisy. ）
注：对两者以上的全部否定应用none of. . . ，其后的谓语动词既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。

We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because_____________ of us had____________ money on us.
A. all; no
B. any; no
C. none; any
D. no one; any 答案：C
6. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
救援人员组成小分队，将被困的人挖出来，将死者掩埋。

句子中的who were trapped 是定语从句。

当先行词是those, anybody, he等表示人的词时，定语从句习惯用who来引导，不能用that代替。

Those who want to see the film write your names on the paper.
想看电影的人把你们的名字写在这张纸上。

Anybody who breaks the law will be punished.
任何人犯法都要受到惩罚。

He who laughs last laughs best.
谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。

7. To the north of the city, most of the 10 000 miners were rescued from the coal mines.
在城市的北边，有一个万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了。

在表示位置关系时，通常in表示在范围内；to表示在范围外（不接壤）；on表示接壤（在范围外）。

China lies in the east of Asia.
中国位于亚洲东部。

Japan lies to the east of China.
日本位于中国的东面。

China faces the Pacific on the east.
中国东临太平洋。