2016职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题2.

2016职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题 2
The Effects of Global Warming on Weather
There are hidden factors which scientists call "feedback mechanisms ” 。

No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate.Here's one example :plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries.At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade,vegetation (植物 may not keep
up.Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50to 75kilometres a year — faster than trees can naturally migrate.Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die.The 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Canada,the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by lions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires,releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming.
There are dozens of other possible "feedback mechanism ”。

Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness,which may actually damp down global warming.Others,like the "albedo"effect,will do the opposite.The "albedo"effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earth's surface.As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes (戳 through,more heat will be absorbed,adding to the global temperature increase. Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades.Delay will simply make the problem worse.The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are.In developed world prosperity has been built on 150years of cheap fossil fuels.
Material progress has been linked to energy consumption.Today 75percent of all the world's energy is consumed by a quarter of the world's population.The average rich-world resident adds about 3.2tons of CO2yearly to the atmosphere,more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen.The US,with just seven per cent of the global population,is responsible for 22 per cent of global warming.
41."Feedback mechanisms"in paragraph 1most probably refer to ____________.
A.how plants and animals adapt to hidden factors
B.how plants and animals interact with the changing climate
C.how climate changes
D.how climate zones shift
42.We can learn from the passage that ____________.
A.some feedback mechanisms may slow down global warming
B.the basic facts of global warming are unknown
C.developing countries benefit from cheap fossil fuels
D.developed countries have decided to reduce their energy consumption
43.James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by ____________.
A.the cutting of many trees
B.desirable environmental changes
C.successful migration of species
D.unsuccessful migration of trees
44.It can be inferred from the passage that ____________.
A.the developing world has decided to increase its energy consumption
B.a third-world citizen adds less than a ton of CO2yearly to the atmosphere
C.the world climate would soon gain its balance if we stopped greenhouse gas emissions
D.future prosperity of the world is dependent on cheap fossil fuels
45.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?____________
A.Impact of global warming on climate.
B.Prosperity and cheap fossil fuels.
C.Material progress and energy consumption.
D.Plants and animals in the changing climate.
参考答案:
41.B 第一段中的“ feedback mechanisms ”的意思最可能是:A 动植物是如何适应隐蔽因素的 ;B 动植物是如何与不断变化的气候相互作用的 ;C 气候是如何变化
的 ;D 气候带是如何迁移的。

42.A 从文章中我们可以得知:A 某些反馈机制可能减缓全球变暖的速度 ;B 全球变暖的基本事实还不为人所知 ;C 发展中国家从廉价的矿物燃料中获益 ;D 发达国家打算降低能耗。

43.D 预测气候带的迁移将由下列哪一项伴随进行 ?A 许多树木被砍伐 ;B 有利的环境变化 ;C 物种的成功迁移 ;D 树木的不成功迁移。

44.B 从文章可以推断出:A 发展中国家打算增加能源的消耗 ;B 第三世界每年向大气层释放的二氧化碳, 人均不超过一吨 ;C 如果我们停止排放引起温室效应的废气, 全球的气候就会获得平衡 ;D 未来世界的繁荣靠廉价的矿物能源。

Investment and Consumption
Investment in the public sector,such as electricity,irrigation,public services and transport (excludingvehicles,ships and planes increased by about 10%,althoughthe
emphasis moved to the transport and away from the other sectors mentioned.Trade and services recorded a 16%~ 17%investment growth,including a 30%increase in investment in business premises.Industrial investment is estimated to have risen by 8%.Althoughthe share of agriculture in total gross investment in the economy continued to
decline,investment grew by 9%in absolute equipment.Housing construction had
12%more invested in it in 1964,not so much owing to increased demand,as to fears of new taxes and limitation of building.
Total consumption in real terms rose by close on 11%during 1964,and per capita personal consumption by under 7%,asin 1963.The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption,evident in previous years,remained unaltered.Since at current prices consumption rose by 16%and disposable income by 13%,therewas evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy.Once again consumption patterns indicated a swift advance in the standard of living.Expenditure on food declined in significance,although consumption of fruit increased.Spending on furniture and household equipment,health,education and recreation continued to increase.The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport (includingprivate cars and personal services of all kinds,which
occurred during 1964.The progressive wealth of large sectors of the public was demonstrated by the changing composition of durable goods purchased.Saturation (饱和point was rapidly being approached for items such as the first household radio,gas cookers,and electric refrigerators,whereas increasing purchases of automobiles and television sets were registered.
36.From this passage,we learn that people ____________.
A.spent more money than they earned
B.saved more money than previously
C.invested and consumed at an accelerated pace
D.spent their money wisely
37.The author thinks that the trend towards a rapid rise in consumption was "undesirable ” because ____________.
A.expenditure on luxuries increased
B.people were wealthy
C.people consumed less
D.people saved less
38.Expenditure increased on all the following EXCEPT ____________.
A.food
B.automobiles
cation
D.entertainment
39.It can be inferred from the increase of fruit consumption that ___________.
A.people had to spend more on transportation and furniture
B.the price of fruit dropped dramatically
C.people were more money conscious
D.people were more healthy conscious
40.The word "registered"in the last line most probably means ____________.
A.marked
B.approached
C.listed
D.booked
参考答案:
36.C 从本篇文章可以得知:A 人们支出大于收入 ;B 人们比以前更节约用钱
了 ;C 人们的投资和消费在加速增长 ;D 人们花钱更精明了。

37.C 作者认为消费的快速增长是“不良”的原因是:A 奢侈品的消费增加了 ;B 人们富有了 ;C 人们消费减少了 ;D 人们储蓄减少了。

38.A 下列消费都有所增加,只有什么没增加 ?A 食物 ;B 汽车 ;C 教育 ;D 娱乐。

39.D 由水果消费的增长可以推断出:A 人们不得不在交通工具和家具上花更多的钱 ;B 水果的价格大大降低 ;C 人们更加重视金钱了 ;D 人们更加重视健康了。

40.A 文章最后一行中的“ registered ”的意思是:A 明显的 ;B 接近 ;C 列举 ;D 预定。

Eiffel Is an Eyeful
Some 300meters up,near the Eiffel Tower's wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble.Japanese,Brazilians.Americans-they graffiti their names,loves and politics on the cold iron-transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move.
With Pairs laid out in miniature below,it seems strange that visitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view.But the graffiti also raises a
question:Why,nearly 114years after it was completed,and decades after it ceased to be the world's tallest structure,is the Tour Eiffel still so popular?
The reasons are as complex as the iron work that graces a structure some 90stories high.But part of the answer is,no doubt,its agelessness,regularly maintained,it should never rust away.Graffiti is regularly painted over,but the tower lives on.
"Eiffel represents Paris and Paris is France.It is very symbolic,"says Hugues Richard,a 31-year-old Frenchman who holds the record for cycling up to the tower's second floor-747steps in 19minutes and 4seconds,without touching the floor with his feet."It's iron lady,it inspires us , "he says.
But to what?After all,the tower doesn't have a purpose.It ceased to be the world's tallest in 1930when the Chrysler Building went up in New York.Yes,television and radio signals are beamed from the top,and Gustave Eiffel,a frenetic builder who died on December 27,aged 91,used its height for conducting research into weather,aerodynamics and radio communication.
But in essence the tower inspires simply by being there-a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will.To the technically minded,it's an engineering triumph.For lovers,it's romantic. "The tower will outlast all of us,and by a long way,"says Isabelle Esnous,whose company.manages Eiffel Tower.
31.Why does the author think the Eiffel Tower is transformed into symbol of a world of the move?____________
A.Tourists from all over the world come to the Eiffel Tower by car or by plane.
B.Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower.
C.The Eiffel Tower is the tallest building in the world.
D.The Eiffel Tower represents all the towers in the world.
32.What seems strange to the author?____________
A.Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view.
B.Visitors spends much time watching other people scribbling.
C.Only Japanese,Brazilians and Americans like to mark their presence.
D.Scribbling spread from country to country.
33.Which statements is NOT true of Hugues Richard?____________
A.He is a cyclist.
B.He is a record holder.
C.He climbed 747steps up the tower in 19minutes and 4seconds.
D.He cycled up to the tower's second floor.
34.What did the builder use the Eiffel Tower for?____________
A.Sending radio and television signals all over the world.
B.Conducting research in various fields.
C.Giving people inspiration.
D.Demonstrating French culture.
35.Which of the following is nearest in meaning to "(TheEiffel Tower is like a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will ” ?____________
A.Visitors can do whatever they want on the tower.
B.Visitors can paint on the tower whatever they want.
C.Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.
D.Visitors can draw on a blank canvas provided by the Tower management company.
参考答案:
31.B 第一段提供了答案。

32.A 第二段第一句中的句型 would rather do something than do something else , 也可以用 prefer doing something to doing something else 的句型来表达。

所以, A 是正确答案。

33.C 第四段告诉我们, Hugues Richard 蹬车上塔,打破世界纪录。

C 不是正确选项, 因为他cycling up to the tower ‘ s second floor ,而不是 climbing up the tower.
34.B 选项 A 不是正确选项, 因为 Gustave Eiffel 没有也不可能使用该塔向全世界发射电视信号。

第五段的最后一句提供了答案。

35.C 第六段的大意是:对不同的人,埃菲尔铁塔有不同的象征意义。

Britain ’ s Solo Sailor
Ellen MacArthur started sailing when she was eight , going out on sailing trips with her aunt.She loved it so much that she saved her money for three years to buy her first small sailing boat.When she was 18, she sailed alone around Britain and won the
“ Young Sailor of the Year ” award.
But Ellen really became famous in 2001.Aged only 24, she was one of the only two women who en-tered the Vendee Globe round the world solo race , which lasts
l00days.Despite many problems , she came second in the race out of 24competitors and she was given a very warm welcome when she returned.
Ambition and determination have always been a big part of Ellen ’ s personality.When she was youn-ger , she lived in a kind of hut(棚屋 for three years while she was trying to get sponsorship to compete in a transatlantic race.Then she took a one-way ticket to France , bought a tiny seven meter Class Mini yacht(游艇 , slept under it while she was repairing it , and then she raced it 4, 000kilometres across the Atlantic in 1997, alone for 33days.
Ellen has had to learn many things , because sailing single — handed means that she has to be her own captain , electrician , sailmaker , engineer , doctor , journalist , cameraman and cook.She also has to be very fit , and because of the dangers of sleeping for long periods of time she ’ s in the middle of the ocean , she has trained herself to sleep for about 20minutes at a time.
And she needs courage.Once , in the middle of the ocean , she had to climb the mast(桅杆 of a boat to repair the sails —at four o ’ clock in the mornin9.with l00kph winds blowing around her.It took her many hours to make the repairs;Ellen says :“ I was exhausted when I came down.It ’ s hard to describe how it feels to be up there.It ’ s like trying to hold onto a big pole , which for me is just too big to get my arms around , with someone kicking you all the time and trying to shake you off ” .
But in her diary ，Ellen also describes moments which make it all worthwhile( 值得的：“ A beautiful sunrise started the day ， with black clouds slowly lit by the bright yellow sun.I have a very strong feeling of pleasure ， being out here on the ocean and having the chance to live this.I just fee l lucky to be here”. 31.In the Vendee Globe race.Ellen won A.the second place. B.a gold medal. C.the“Young Sailor of the
Year”award. D.the“Best Woman Sailor”award. 【正确答案】：A 解析：题意：在“旺底(帆迪环球航海赛”中，艾伦赢得了第二名。

文中第二段谈到她是进入这场比赛的两名女选手中的一个，在 24 个竞争对手中.她赢得了第二名，故选 A。

32. Ellen lived in a kind of hut for three years A. while she was learning how to repair sail B. because she was ambitious for the coming rac C. while she was trying to get financial
support for a rac D. because she was interested in country lif 【正确答案】：C 解析：句意：当她努力地要为比赛获得资金支持的时候，艾伦在一种棚屋里住了三年。

文中第三段第二句谈到“当艾伦还很年轻的时候，她就在一种棚屋里住了三年,那时她正在努力地想要获得进行横渡大西洋比赛的奖金”，故选 C。

33. The
word“solo’’in the title could be best replaced by A. single-hande B. self-mad C. one performe D. self-starte 【正确答案】：A 解析：句意：题目中的单词“solo”，可以被“single-handed”代替。

文中第四段第一句提到“艾伦必须学会许多事情，因为单独航行意味着……”。

故选 A。

34. According to paragraph 4，which of the following statements is NOT true? A. She has to learn to repair sail B. She has to be her own teache C. She has to be very fi D. She has trained herself to sleep for about 20 minutes at a tim 【正确答案】：B 解析：句意：根据第四段，下列哪种说法是不对的?她是她自己的老师。

文中第四段提到“艾伦必须学会许多事情，因为单独航行意味着她必须是自己的船长、电工、修帆工、工程师、医生、记者、摄影师和厨师。

她也必须非常适合这些工作，并且由于在海洋中长时间睡觉会非常危险.她就训练自己每次睡觉时间大约为 20 分钟”，故选 B。

Benefits of Educating Girl
The benefits of educating girls are numerous — to individual girls both when they are young and when they become adult women, to their future families, and to society as whole. Education enables women to contribute more fully to the social and economic development of their societies. A girl's education is also an investment in future generations. The more educated a mother is, the more likely are her children —particularly her daughters — to roll and stay in school. The higher level of education attained by women is strongly associated with lower child death. Experts believe more educated women practice better hygiene and nutrition( 营养 , use health services more frequently, and survive better. Woman with more schooling tend to be healthier themselves. Perhaps reflecting their improved ability to avoid frequent childbearing ( 分娩and to take advantage of available health services during pregnancy(怀孕. The educational level achieved by women, like family planning services, has the most powerful influence on family size. The impact of education on family size is strongest
and most consistent for women who have completed some secondary schooling. Educating girls is three times more likely to lower family size than educating boys. Education appears to affect family size in many ways. More educated women not only want fewer children than their less educated husbands, but also are more likely to use effective contraception( 避孕 successfully and to limit their families to the number of children, which contribute to smaller family size. Family size is ideal and child death rates are lowest, therefore, in countries that combine strong family planning and health programs with high levels of education for women. 31 According to the article, families and the whole society benefit from women's A work. B education. C effort. D health. 32 According to the article, mother's education has an effect on children's A personality. B experience. C grades in school. D years of schooling. 33 Lower death rate of children owes to all of the following except women's A good health. B frequent visits to health services. C better utilization of nutrition. D management of family resources. 34 In what way do women contribute to the small family size according to the text? A By educating their children. B By marrying late. C By supporting the small family. D By educating their husbands. 35 It can be concluded from the passage that educating girls A has great influence on boy's growth. B is helpful to the stability of families.
C can raise women's social status.
D contributes to the development of society. 答案：31 B 32 D 33 D 34 C 35 D。