医学影像学总论

Principle 原理
Analog/digital converter Voxel, digital matrix
Digital/analog converter Pixel, CT image
CT Equipment CT装置
Regular CT Scanner, computer, imaging scan time, resolution, function
● Simple X-ray examination Fluoroscopy Radiography

Methods of Examination 检查方法
● Special X-ray examination Tomography Mammography Others
Methods of Examination 检查方法
Introduction Digital fluorography ADC Subtraction
Techniques Intra-arterial DSA Intravenous DSA
Clinical Application临床应用
Substitute regular angiography Interventional procedures
VI. Application of Various imaging
VII. Digital Radiography, PACS, Information Radiology
Hounsfield unit (HU) Serial tomographic images 系列断层
CT Techniques CT技术
Plain CT scan Contrast enhancement CT High resolution CT New techniques
Rendering technique Endoscopy
Transverse relaxation time (m>37%), T2
Physical foundations
Radiofrequency (RF) pulse 射频脉冲 RF sequence 射频序列 Repetition time (TR) 重复时间 Echo time (TE) 回波时间 T1-weighted imaging T1加权像 T2-weighted imagingT2加权像 PD-weighted imaging质子加权像
Spiral CT Tuber continuous rotation Table continuous moving Multiple-slice spiral CT
Electron Beam CT
CT image CT影像
Matrix 矩阵 Spatial resolution
Gray scale 灰阶 Density resolution
Multiple parameters 多参数 Multiple orientations 多方向 Flow void phenomenon 流空现象 Proton relaxation enhancement effect质子
驰豫增强效应 Contrast enhancement 增强
Techniques技术
64层CT 容积采集 volume multislice CT acquisition
Normal 3D VRT and MIP of the lung
Analysis and Diagnosis of CT images CT诊断和分析
Window technic Serial slices Density, CT value Enhancement Others similar to conventional X-ray images
IV. Ultrasonography 超声
Brief Introduction
Tumor of urinary bladder
V. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)磁共振成像
1930s 1946
1952 1971 1973
1974 1978 1980
I.I. Rabi Purcell, Bloch
X-Ray Diagnosis and Analysis X线诊断和分析
Thorough observation Exact analysis
Site and distribution, number, size, shape, density, outline, etc. The essence of lesions diseases / signs Correlated with the clinical data
(1) Free electrons (2)High velocity (3) Sudden stop on target
(1) X-ray tube (2) Transformers (3) Console
Characteristics of X-Ray X线的特征
Penetration 穿透性 Fluorescent effect 荧光效应
I. Conventional X-Ray Imaging 常规X线
X-rays X线
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation or energy of extremely short wavelength (0.0006~50nm) 0.031~0.008nm Production of X-ray X线的产生
● Contrast Examination Contrast medium Introduction Reactions
Proper Selection of Examinations 合理检查
Diagnosis purpose Avoid unnecessary expenditure
Pulse sequences Fat suppression Contrast enhancement MR angiography Liquid imaging Perfusion and diffusion fMRI Spectroscopy
Some are not suitable for examination MRI diagnosis Advantage of MRI
Fundamentals of X-Ray Imaging X线诊断的基础
X-ray characteristics Densities and thickness of human body
High density Medium density Low density
Methods of Examination 检查方法
Protection from X-Ray X线防护
Should not be overlooked Unnecessary fear should not be
bourn in mind
II. X-Ray Computed Tomography CT
Hounsfield 1969 Clinical application 1972 Nobel prize 1979
Value of CT imaging CT影像的价值
Central nervous system Head and Neck Chest Abdomen Musculoskeletal
III. Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) 数字减影血管造影
screen coated with a
substance (phosphor)
image amplification Photographic effect 感光效应
emulsion containing silver
bromide, ionic>metallic Ionization effect 电离效应
Magnet磁体
Permanent magnet Resistive magnet Superconducting magnet
Coil线圈
Gradient coil Volume coil Surface coil
Characteristics of MRI 磁共振成像的特征
Nobel Prize Damadian Lauterbur
mouse imaging Mallard, Hutchison, Lauterbur Commercial MR scanner
Physical foundations 物理基础
Longitudinal magnetization 纵向磁化 Transverse magnetization横向磁化 Longitudinal relaxation纵向驰豫 Transverse relaxation横向驰豫 Longitudinal relaxation time (0>63%), T1
Medical Imaging in General 医学影像学总论
Medical Imaging 医学影像学
● Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, X-ray, 1895 ● Diagnostic Radiology 放射诊断
Conventional X-ray imaging X-ray computed tomography, CT Digital subtraction angiography ● Diagnostic Imaging 影像诊断 Incl. MRI, Ultrasonography, Nuclear imaging ● Interventional Radiology 介入放射