2018-2019学年浙江省杭州市萧山区萧山中学高三第一学期开学考英语试卷word有解析

2018-2019浙江省杭州市萧山区萧山中学高三第一学期开学考
英语试卷
第一节：（共10个小题：每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A.B.C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
Franklin Roosevelt was born into a wealthy family in 1882. He went to the best schools. The n he decided to en ter politics .In 1910 he won a seat in the New York State Sen ate.
Despite his wealth, Roosevelt un derstood the n eeds of the com mon people and always fought for their rights. After he served a term as secretary of the Navy, he became gover nor of New York in 1928. At this time, the economy of the United States was very poor. In 1929 the stock market crashed and the Great Depressi on bega n. Banks and bus in esses declared ban kruptcy, which meant that they had lost all of their mon ey. Millio ns of people lost their jobs. Roosevelt bega n new social programs to help people in the state of New York. He set up un employme nt in sura nee for people without jobs and started pension programs that provided payments for people who had retired from their jobs. He began large public works projects to improve communities. These projects gave people jobs. His social programs helped many people through the hard times. In 1932 Roosevelt ran for preside nt as a Democrat and won the elect ion by a Ian dslide.
Across the coun try, the Depressi on became worse. Poverty was everywhere. As preside nt, Roosevelt created n ati onal programs similar to those he had started in New York. He called these programs “ New Deal ” for America. He got Congress to pass laws that paid relief money to pool people and farmers. The New Deal in cluded programs that provided jobs for many un employed people. As a result, people gained new faith in ban ks. The programs did a great deal to help lift the country out of the Depressi on.
Many people con sider Roosevelt one of the greatest preside nts ever. He showed great care and commitme nt in his fight to help the com mon people, despite the fact that he had developed a disease called polio which limited him to a wheelchair duri ng much of his preside ncy.
1. Before Roosevelt became preside nt, banks
A. paid little in terest on people's sav ings
B. did n't provide in sura nee for people's savi ngs
C. enjoyed great popularity among retired people
D. did n't allow ordinary people to have savings accounts
2. The social programs Roosevelt created as gover nor and as preside nt both .
A. put people back to work
B. i nvolved in sura nee for farmers
C. improved the power of the US Navy
D. aimed at making banks stay in bus in ess
3.It can be lear ned from the text that _________
A. Roosevelt was a highly respected leader
B. Roosevelt hardly un derstood the n eeds of rich people
C. Roosevelt's disease preve nted him from serv ing well
D. Roosevelt ran for preside nt whe n the city was hit by a Ian dslide
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A
【解答】
1. 细节理解题，找出银行在罗斯福没有成为总统时的情况，结合文章中第二段Banks and
bus in esses declared ban kruptcy, which meant that they had lost all of their mon ey. Milli ons of people lost their jobs.可见没有银行彼时无法给存在其中的存款做很好的担保。

所以选A。

2. 纟田节题，判断对错，第二段中“ He began large public works projects to improve communities. ”罗斯福作为州长的提供工作的政策。

第三段中" The New Deal included programs that provided jobs for many unemployed people. ” 是罗斯福作为总统提出的提供工作的政策。

故选 A ;其他均为提到。

3. 细节理解题，根据第四段第一句Many people consider Roosevelt one of the greatest presidents ever.说明罗斯福是一位深受爱戴的领导，A正确；B项结合文中没有提到罗斯福
对有钱人的理解，故不对；C项结合第四段最后一句He showed great care and commitment in
his fight to help the common people,故不对，D项结合文中没有提及，故排除。

B
If Abigail Hoyt could cha nge the world, she'd start by ending gen erati ons of poverty, or at least talk about the possibility of doing it. “ People who are born into poor families are likely to remain poor,” said Hoyt, a freshman at Crossroads Academy in the US. “ I would like to break that dow
n. ”
In spite of being a high school stude nt, Hoyt will soon get the cha nee to have her voice heard. The stude nts from her school have bee n in vited to join young professi on als from around the world at the Global Soluti ons Lab, where they'll spe nd a week coming up with ways to solve some of the
world's biggest problems with experts, bus in ess people and leaders of wealthy foun dati ons. At the end of the week, they will prese nt their ideas to Un ited Natio ns officials.
“ This is not going to be an academic exercise ” ,said Medard Gabel ,director of the Global Solutions Lab. He said the whole point is “ to challenge young people and to lead to a solution, ” a soluti on that Gabel expects to see parlayed into a bus in ess and not set on a shelf.
Every day, the students will team up with adults from Asia, Europe, Africa and South America. a Being able to be part of a group like this I think gives us a chanee to be more successful in our future, ” said Jaylen Collier, a freshman. “ We are going to help change the world. ”
Gabel said adults are paying attention to young people and recognizing the power of their voices. Young people have en thusiasm, en ergy and innocence. They ask the simple questi ons that n eed to be asked. Un like many adults, young people are not tired by expertise. They don't know all the reas ons why someth ing can't be don e." he said.
1. What will Hoyt mainly do at the Global Solutions Lab?
A. She will receive guida nee on academic exercises.
B. She will lear n new skills from young professi on als
C. She will voice her opinion about how to lead a successful life.
D. She will put forward possible soluti ons to some world problems.
2. The un derl ined word "parlayed in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by _________
A. decli ned
B. updated
C. developed
D. forced
3. According to Gabel, what is the point of involving students in the Global Solutions Lab?
A. Challe nging stude nts and gaining practical soluti ons.
B. Helping students get social skills from UN officials
C. Training stude nts to become successful bus in essme n.
D. Arous ing stude nts' aware ness of the power of innocen ce.
【答案】1. D 2.C 3. A
【解答】
1. 结合第二段第二句where they'll spend a week coming up with ways to solve some of the world's biggest problems with experts 可知，学生们是去帮助专家们给世界上的问题提供解决办法的，故选
D。

2. 同义词选择，这个solution是希望被应用与于商业中的而不是写进书里放在书架上，因
此develop发展最合适的。

减少，更新和强迫都不太合适。

故选C
3. 根据第三段中第二句He said the whole point is “ to challenge young people and to lead to a solution, ”这是Gabel的发言，可见目的是用于挑战年轻人和得到解决方法的。

故选A。

C
For the first time-a nd in clear findings - researchers from Northwestern Un iversity and the University of Haifa show both that areas of the brain which are associated with Ianguage work harder in girls tha n in boys Ian guage tasks, and that boys and girls rely on differe nt parts of the brain whe n perform ing these tasks.
“Our findings-which suggest that Ianguage processing is more sensory（知觉的）in boys and more abstract in girls-could have major implications（暗示）for teaching children and even provide support for believer of single sex classroom，” said Douglas D.Burman，a researcher in Northwestern's Roxel yn and Richard Pepper Departme nt of Communi cati on Scie nces and Disorder.
The researchers measured brain activity in 31 boys and in 31 girls aged 9 to 15 as they perfor med spelling and writing Ianguage tasks. The tasks were delivered in two sensory forms-visual and auditory. When visually presented, the children read certain words without hearing them. Prese nted in an auditory type, they heard words aloud but did not see them.
The researchers found that girls still showed significantly greater foundation（基础）Ianguage areas of the brain tha n boys. The in formati on in the tasks got through to girls' la nguage areas of the brain-areas related to abstract thi nki ng through Ian guage. And their performa nee accuracy was associated with the degree of foun datio n in some of these Ian guage areas.
To their astonishment, however, this was not at all the case for boys. In boys, accuracy depe
nded-whe n readi ng words-on how hard visual areas of the brain worked. In heari ng words, boys' performa nee depe nded on how hard auditory areas of the brain worked. Give n boys' sen sory approach, boys might be more effectively evaluated on kno wledge gained from lectures through oral
tests and on kno wledge gained by readi ng through writte n tests. For girls, whose Ian guage processing appears more abstract in approach, these different testing methods would appear unn ecessary.
1. What does the research from Northwestern Un iversity and the Uni versity of Haifa tell us?
A. Some areas of the brain are related to Ian guage lear ning.
B. Girls Ianguage-related brain areas work harder during Ianguage tasks than boys.
C. Boys Ian guage developme nt is decided on by the Ian guage related brain area.
D. Both boys and girls depe nd on similar parts of the brain whe n doing Ian guage tasks.
2. How did the researchers carry out their work to get such clear findin gs?
A. By making comparis ons
B. By con duct ing in terviews.
C. By doing surveys.
D. By prese nti ng examples.
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Girls are better at abstract things tha n boys in Ian guage process ing
B. It is reas on able to put only boys or girls in one class based on the findin gs.
C. The researchers cared about what boys and girls could see and hear in the research
D. How boys perform was mainly up to how hard the visual areas of the brain worked
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. Gen der Differe nee in Lan guage Performa nee.
B. A Report from Lan guage Lear ning.
C. Comparis ons betwee n Boys and Girls.
D. Research on Lan guage Performa nee.
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A
【解答】
1. 该题是细节理解题。

结合第一段的一二行r esearchers from Northwestern University and the
University of Haifa show both that areas of the brain which are associated with Ianguage work harder in girls than in boys Ianguage tasks 可知B 选项正确。

结合第一段的后半句话and that boys and girls rely on different parts of the brain when performing these tasks. 可知D 选项的描述和文章内容相反，故D 错误。

第一段内容是讲述两个大学共同的研究结论，只提及BD选项，没有涉及AC选项，故AC选项错误。

2该题目是细节理解题。

题目问到研究者怎么证明他们的研究结果。

A选项是作比较，B选
项是做采访，C选项是做调查，D选项是举例子。

通过第三段的第一句话The researchers measured brain activity in 31 boys and in 31 girls aged 9 to 15 as they performed spelling and writing Ianguage tasks.可以知道研究者是通过对比31个男孩和31个女孩在测试
过程中的表现来证明他们的结论，故A选项正确。

文章中没有提及研究者采访，调查或者
举例子等行为。

3. 从文章第二段的第一行Our findings-which suggest that Ianguage processing is more
sensory（知觉的）in boys and more abstract in girls 可知A 选项正确，从第二段的第二行could have major implicati ons（暗示）for teachi ng childre n and eve n provide support for believer of
single sex classroom 可知B 选项正确，从第三段的后两行When visually presented, the children read certain words without hearing them. Presented in an auditory type, they heard words aloud
but did not see them.可知，C 选项正确。

从第五段的第二行In boys, accuracy depended-when reading words-on how hard visual areas of the brain worked. 可知D 选项错误，文早有具体的条件，男孩想要正确的读单词，取决于大脑中的可视化部分。

而选项直接说男孩在语言方面的
变现都和大脑中的可视化部分有关，故D选项错误。

4.该题目是文早主旨题，为文章选取合适的题目。

A选项是语言能力的性别间的差异，B选
项是语言方面的报道，C选项是男孩和女孩之间的比较，D选项是说关于语言的研究。

文早
一直围绕男孩和女孩在语言方面的差异进行描述, 还详细说明了他们在听说读写方面的差异。

所以A正确。

第二节：（共5个小题：每个小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余
选项。

Giving Your Eyes Regular Rests
Imagine such a scene: during the summer vacation, many of us prefer to spend most of our day start ing at computer scree ns. Readi ng this article means there may be a cha nee you're look ing at one right now.
1.Brisba ne optometry professor Natha n Efron does not con sider computer scree ns "harmful" to our eyes.
But he admits if you use one a lot, you in crease your risk of beco ming slightly more short-sighted ------------------------- where your eyes focus well only on close objects while more dista nt objects appear vague. 2. _______
In the shorter term, long viewing of a computer screen can make any slight existing vision problems more no ticeable. 3. — eye stra in, headaches, gritty eyes and blurry visi on. But this is only temporary and can be reduced by:
•Adjust ing the scree n display so the con trast is high and the bright ness feels comfortable.
• 4. ______
•Givi ng your eyes regular rests from look ing at the scree n .The Optometrists Associati on
of Australia recomme nds you do this for five to ten minu tes every one to two hours of computer use. 5. ____________
A. Protect ing eyesight by havi ng foods rich in vitam in C.
B. Does look ing at a computer scree n damage your eyes?
C. It's a good time to make phone calls or do other tasks.
D. Having lighti ng that does not produce glare on the scree n.
E. A well-bala need diet also helps you stay at a healthy weight.
F. This is especially the case for children , whose eyes are still developing.
G. It can also give you what is sometimes known as "computer vision symptom."
【答案】1.B 2.F 3.G 4.A 5.C
【解答】本文告诉我们的是我们需要让我们的眼睛正常休息。

5.前文中大意为在使用电脑时眼睛需要休息。

C选项do other tasks符合。

第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20个小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，短文后各题所给的 A BCD四选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I first began experiencing anxiety and depression at 14, after being bullied( 欺凌)at school for years. While at first anxiety and depression would come and go, they eventually became a (1) part of my life.
I was so set on finding the solution to (2) ______ them that I tried (3) _____ when I was in college to graduate school. Despite this, I (4) _____ felt I hadn ' t even come to managing the problem.
But one after noon, 1 (6) an article that talked about (7) dogs were able to help
people with their (8)
health The next day, I decided to get a dog —a corgi(柯基犬).When I
brought my little corgi, Buddy, home, I didn ' t realize how rf9Qch he vcbalnlge my life. It did happen , not right away, (10) .
Once the “ puppy excitement ” wentiay a nx iety and depression came back (11) _________ . One morning I woke up with those familiar (12) ______ again. I didn ' want to get out of bed. I
turned to pull the covers back over my head and (13) _____ . That ' s when I saw Buddy.
Buddy started jumping all over me, kissing my face, letting me know that it was time to go outside. It was (14) he was saying, “ There ' s no time toThssadrld is (15) !” And for the first time in my life, on a day whe n my an xiety and depressi on was (16) ___ ,I got out of bed. I put on my win ter clothes and walked in the snow with my new friend. At that mome nt I
realized my life was (17)
It ' s beever a year sin bed. I ' ve not (18) mys(
and that this was my new beg inning.
ce that day and I ' ve never spent another morning unable to get out of elf to sleep or spe nt my days stuck with fear and regret. Sure, I still
have days whe n 1 feel (19) these feeli ngs and emoti ons. ,but with Buddy by my side, I 've fin ally lear ned how to(20)
1. A. in terest ing B. won derful C. con sta nt D. temporary
2. A. enjoying B. overco ming C. study ing D. an alyz ing
3. A. from B. by C. out D. on
4. A. yet B. even C. never D. still
5. A. close B. around C. back D. over
6. A. got through B. came across C. picked out D. looked for
7. A. whe n B. whether C. which D. how
8. A. men tal B. physical C. inner D. cultural
9. A. absolutely B. n ecessarily C. truly D. specially
10. A. either B. in deed C. though D. somehow
11. A. on time B. as usual C. by cha
nee D. in peace
12. A. kno wledge B.scenes C. members D. feeli ngs
13. A. stayed up B. gave up C. slid in D. got away
14. A. as though B. because C. what D. even if
15. A. serious B. awful C. simple D. amaz ing
16. A. sen sitive B. modest C. strong D. fragile
17. A. cha nging B. burst ing C. ending D. adva ncing
18. A. reduced B. cried C. treated D. helped
19. A. aggressive B. en thusiastic C. en ergetic D. hopeless
20. A. master B. acquire C. man age D. experie nee 【答案】1-5CBADA 6-10 BDACC 11-15BDBAD 16-20 CABDC
【解答】
1•考察形容词。

A.有趣的B.精彩的C.持续的，永恒的 D.短暂的根据句意，焦虑和沮丧最
终成为在我生命永恒的一部分。

故选C
2•考察动词。

A.享受B.克服C.学习D.分析作者在开始寻找克服他们的解决方案。

故选B。

3•考察介词。

句意表达为从我步入大学到毕业，考察的是from…to ••句式。

故选A。

4•考察副词。

通过"despite this”，尽管如此..依然…，故选D。

5•考察副词。

根据下文可知，抑郁症未解决，故选A。

6•考察动词词组。

A.度过B.偶然发现C.挑选D.寻找,我偶然发现一篇文章，故选B。

8•考察形容词。

A.精神的B.身体的C.内部的D.文化的根据文章，可知解决的是精神问题，故选A。

9•考察副词。

A.绝对地B.有必要地C.真正地D.特别地根据句意，我没有意识到他真的会改变我的生活。

故选C。

10•考察副词。

A.也B.的确C.虽然D.以某种方式它的确发生了，不是马上。

故选C
11. 考察词组。

A.准时B.像往常一样C.偶然地D.和平地根据句意开心消失了，焦虑像往常一样回来了。

故选B。

13•考察动词词组。

A・熬夜B・放弃C・滑入D・离开。

根据句意我不想起床，我把被子盖在头上滑入被窝。

故选 C.
14. 考察连词。

就像他在说，as though就像，故选A。

15. 考察形容词。

A.严肃的B.糟糕的C.简单的D.令人惊讶的根据上下文，没有时间悲伤，所以世界是令人惊讶的。

故选D。

16. 考察形容词。

A.敏感的B.谦虚的C.强烈的D.脆弱的根据句意，当我的焦虑很强烈的时候，我起床了。

17. 考察动词。

根据下文，这是我的新开始，所以应该是我意识到我的生活正在改变。

故选
A。

18. 考察动词。

根据句意，我没有哭着入睡。

故选
B。

19. 考察形容词。

A.侵略性的B.热情的C.精力充沛的D.绝望的根据下文连词but，表转折，我依然有绝望的时候，故选D。

20. 考察动词。

A.熟练B.获得C.管理D.感受，根据上文第二段“ manage the problem”故
选C。

第口卷（共45 分）
第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节：（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

There was an America n writer who related such a story on many occasi ons.
It was at at an exhibition of the artists ' works 1 (organize) by the Red Cross. I 2
com mon readers.
“ Certa inly, the young girls 5 ________ (ready) agreed. I could see they were very excited. Of
course, their exciteme nt also made me feel more 6 (satisfy). One of the girls han ded her
exquisite no tebook to me. I produced my pen cil, wrote a fey- words of 7 _____ (en courage)
naturally and unrestrainedly,8 _____ signed my name. The girl 9 _______ was the younger of
the two, read my sig nature, frown ed, looked at me carefully and asked, “ Arert you Bobert
Charboss?'
“ No, Ttold her proudly, f' m the author of Alice Adams, and the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes.'
She turned to the other girl, shrugged and said, “ Mary, lend your eraserrte."
At that moment, all my pride turned into a bubble instantly. Since then, I always warn myself: no matter how outstanding you are, don't think highly of 10 _____ (you).
【答案】a ni zed 2.was in vited 3.for 4.a 5.readily 6.satisfied 7.e ncourage 8.a nd 9.who
10.yourself
【解答】
1. 展览是被红十字会组织的，而不是自己组织的，这里应该用organize的被动形式organized。

2. 我作为特殊的客人被邀请去参加展览，这里用动词的被动，be动词+动词的过去分词，展
览发生在过去，所以是一般过去时的被动结构，was invited，被邀请。

3. 该空是说两个可爱的女孩真诚的向我要签名，考查动词
ask的固定搭配，向某人要某物，ask sb for sth，所以这一空应该填介词for。

4. 该空填a,我想谦虚地向读者展示我作家的礼貌，这里的礼貌作可数名词。

5. readily，女孩很快同意了，这里考查副词修饰动词，修饰动词agree应该用ready的副词形
式，readily。

6. 该空应该填形容词，感到满足，satisfy是动词。

satisfied是形容词满意的，满足的，修饰人。

7. 我拿出铅笔，写了一些鼓励的话。

这里应该填en courage。

8. 我拿出铅笔，不但为这两个女孩写了鼓励的话，还签上了名字。

这里应该用连词and，表示而且，还。

9. 这里考查定语从句的关系代词，两个女孩里比较年轻的那个，先行词是the girl,关系代词应该用who。

10. 这里是考查固定搭配think highly of on eself自我以为了不起，这句话是作者对自己的告
诫，无论有多么杰出，都不能太骄傲。

所以本空应该填yourself。

1. 课程开班时间；
2. 班级规模的大小
3. 收费情况。

注意：1.词数80左右 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【答案】略
【解答】略
第一节：概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Which year was the hottest since record-keeping began in 1880? It ' been clear that 2015 has stole n the award from 2014, with 10 out of its 12 mon ths being the warmest respective mon ths on record.
While it wasn' necessary a surprise that 2015 in the first place, its victory was convincing-- It lapped the field, with the average temperature across the entire planet 0.90 °C above the 20th cen tury average, more tha n 20% higher tha n the previous highest departure from average.
This was aided by a December that looked and felt more like a March or April for much of the Norther n Hemisphere（北半球）,where traditi on al win ter holidays had weather that was n either traditi onal nor win ter-like.
Why was 2015 so warm? The biggest element was a major E1 Nino（厄尔尼诺）,which has joined1997-1998 as the strongest El Nino ever observed. El Ninos, which are characterized by sig | nificant warming over tropical ocean waters in the Pacific, not only warm the ocean but also put lots of extra heat into the atmosphere, rais ing global temperatures.
El Nino years tend to be warmer than non-El Nino years. El Nino was a major driver of the heat this year, but certa inly not the only factor. The cha nge also was largely drive n by in creased carb on dioxide and other huma n-made emissi ons （排放）into the atmosphere.
Much like sports writers who start their preseas on predict ions based on the final buzzer（蜂鸣器）of the previous seas ons champi on ship, many climate scie ntists and weather forecasters are already say in g2016 would push chart- topp ing temperature to climb even higher, with El Ni no last ing into spri ng and the in flue nce from man-made climate cha nge to con ti nue.
【解答】略
2018-2019 萧中开学考试卷分析报告逐题分析
考情分析:
考试特点及范围：高考范围，高考题型，阅读部分生词量比较大，给学生的理解造成一定的困扰，但是题目难度一般，总体来讲难度一般，但对于词汇量弱的学生或者词汇知识不扎实的学生比较不利。

必考点分析：
从句以及非谓语动词的考察
易错点分析：阅读中生词量较大，一些题目的题干和题支理解有一定的困难，尤其是C。