高中英语 Unit 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES Section Ⅱ Listening

Section ⅡListening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking——
Language Points
1．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n．插图；图示；解释→illustrative adj.解释的；说明的
2．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的→preciousness n．宝贵；可贵
3．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry vt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→married adj.已婚的4．major adj.主要的；重要的→majority n．大部分；大多数
5．plain vt.&vi.抱怨；发牢骚→plaint n．抱怨；埋怨；投诉；控告
6．respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复
7．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决
8．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；预约；约定
9．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选
10．scare vt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的11．energy n．精力；活动→energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意
①You should follow the traditional moral standards.道德的
②Young people have no morals these days.品行；道德
③The moral is that crime doesn't pay.寓意，教益
2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的
①We could hear their voices growing fainter as they walked down the road.微弱的
②The woman in front of me fainted suddenly.昏倒
3．tend vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于；常常就；往往会
①Women tend to live longer than men.往往会
②Prices have tended downwards over recent years.倾向；趋于
③The nurse is tending the injured.照顾
Words And Phrases
知识要点1 carry sb.through sth.帮助某人度过难关
(教材P16)These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices.
林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。

[例1] His determination carried him through the hard time.
他靠坚强的信心度过了这段艰难的岁月。

[例2] It was your help that carried them through the hardest time in the foreign country.
就是你的帮助帮她们度过了在国外的艰难的日子。

[造句] 就是对医学的热爱支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。

It was the love to medicine that carried her through a life of hard choices.
[知识拓展]
carry sb.back to sth. 使回想起；使回忆
carry off 赢得；获得；成功的对付
carry on 继续移动
carry out 实施；执行；落实
carry sth. through 成功完成；顺利实现
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's a difficult job but she's the person to carry it through．
②They are carrying out the plan now.
③Please carry on with your work while I'm away.
④He carried off most of the prizes.
知识要点2 majority大部分；大多数
(教材P16)At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine.
在十八岁时她选择了学医而不是像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻之路。

[例1] Boys are very much in the minority at the dancing class.舞蹈班里男生占极少数。

[例2] Our country is a traditional agricultural society，with a majority of farming population.我们的国家是一个传统的农业社会，农村人口占绝大多数。

[例3] For example，if you look at the audience at a classical concert，the majority are over the age of fifty.
例如，你看一看听古典音乐会的观众，大部分是五十岁以上的。

[造句] (2015·某某卷)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃并尊重大多数人的观
点。

When I have a different opinion ，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.
[知识拓展]
(1)a/the majority of... 大多数……
be in the/a majority
占大部分/大多数 (2)minority n.少数
be in the minority
占少数 (3)major n ．& v.主修；专业
major in
主修……；以……为专业
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority.
②The majority of the land has been destroyed(destroy) so far.
③Some of the plays told sad stories ，but the majority of the plays were(be) really funny.
[提示] (1)the majority 单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。

(2)the majority of ＋⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧复数名词＋复数谓语动词不可数名词＋单数谓语动词 知识要点3 respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应
(教材P 16)She responded ，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life ！” 她回答说“我宁愿为终身学习而保持单身”。

[例1] Clive responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
克利夫对我提的建议报以一笑。

[例2] The director responded that he remained optimistic when asked about the pany's future.
问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。

[造句] 你可以相信他迎接挑战的能力。

You can rely on him to respond to a challenge.
[知识拓展]
(1)respond to sth. 对……做出反应/回答
(2)response n.回答；反应
in response to 对……做出反应
make (a) response to 回答/响应……；对……做出反应
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The disease quickly responded to the treatment.
②In response to the audience's great demand，the play will/would be put on in the theatre twice a week.
③He made no response(respond) to my suggestion，which made me very disappointed.
[小片段助记]
He came up with the suggestion on the question at the meet last night.Some people quickly responded to the suggestion while the majority of them present at the meet made no response to it.So they decided to have another meet in response to the question.
知识要点4 reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用
(教材P16)Dr Lin，however，rejected the offer.
然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。

[例1] The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.
首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。

[例2]Seventeen publishers rejected the manuscript before Jenks saw its potential.
17家回绝了这部手稿，直到詹克斯看到了它的潜在价值。

[造句] 所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。

I've been rejected by all the universities I applied to.
[知识拓展]
(1)reject sth. 拒绝接受某事；不予考虑某事
(2)rejection n.拒绝接受；否决
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The new manager's proposal met with firm rejection(reject)．
②He said that he had been rejected(reject) by the university he had been dreaming of.
[小片段助记]
John has been dreaming of working in the pany.He insists on applying for a job in the pany though，he has been rejected(reject) many times.Once he even said their rejection(reject) made him more eager to want a job in it.
知识要点5 appoint vt.任命；委派
(教材P16)In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，...
在1941年，林博士成为第一位曾被任命为协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，……
[例1] Do they appoint him as the secretary?
他们任命他为秘书了吗？
[例2] They have a new headteacher at my son's school.
我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。

[例3] I have an appointment with Dr Smith，but I need to change it.
我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改约。

[造句] 他们任命他为英格兰队队长。

They appointed him as captain of the English team.
[知识拓展]
(1)appoint sb.to a post 派某人任某职
appoint sb.as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)make/have an appointment with sb.
与某人约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was appointed(appoint) general manager for his rich experience.
②They appoint Tom to take(take) charge of all the activities on that day.
③If you want to see the doctor，you'd better have an appointment (appoint) with him in advance.
知识要点6 elect vt.选举；推选
(教材P17)In 1954，she was elected to the first National People's Congress and，...
1954年，她第一次被选为人大代表，……
[例1] He is elected to be the leadership of the party.
他被推举为党的领导人。

[例2] You can elect to stay here till 5 o'clock or leave at once.
你可以选择在这里待到5点或者马上离开。

[造句] 购买者可选择逐月分期付款。

Purchasers can elect to pay in monthly installment.
[知识拓展]
(1)elect to do sth.选择做某事
elect sb.to... 选举某人进入……
elect sb.(as)... 选举某人担任……
elect sb.to do sth. 选举某人做某事
(2)election n.选举
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was elected as our monitor at the beginning of the term.
②If I am lucky to be elected(elect)，I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.
③The low level of interest in the election(elect) has been reflected in the unwillingness of the citizens to vote.
[小片段助记]
He was elected as our monitor in the election of our class yesterday.As our monitor，he can elect to manage our class by himself，and he can also elect some classmates to help him to manage it.
知识要点7 tend vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于
(教材P17)She was more interested in tending patients，...
她更感兴趣的是照顾病人，……
[例1] The old tend to be cheated easily.
老年人更容易被欺骗。

[例2] She tended(to) her husband carefully during his illness.
丈夫生病期间，她无微不至地照顾他。

[造句] 这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。

It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
[知识拓展]
(1)tend to do... 往往会/易于做某事……
tend (to) sb./sth. 照顾/护理/看护……
(2)tendency n.倾向
There is a tendency(for sb.)to do sth.
＝(sb.) have/has a tendency towards sth./to do sth.
倾向于(做)……
[提示]“照料，护理”的多种表达法：
look after/take care of/keep an eye on/attend(to)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The boy tends(tend) to like playing football.
②He tended(tend) my dog while I was away.
[小片段助记]
Now there is a tendency for more and more young people to take exercise in the gym.Because there are some trainers tending to you when you are in trouble there.You'd better not go there at about 6：00，since it tends to get very crowded then.
知识要点8 scare adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌和恐惧的
(教材P17)She was so scared during the interview that she pletely forgot how she should respond to the questions.
在面试时，她太害怕了以至完全忘了如何回答问题。

[例1] She is scared of going out alone.
她不敢一个人外出。

[例2] It scared me to think I was alone in the building.
想到楼里只有我一个人我挺害怕的。

[造句] 我告诉自己它们并不危险，但是这样一点儿也不能抑制我那怕的要死的心情！
I told myself they weren't dangerous but that didn't stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment!
[知识拓展]
(1)scare...away... 把……吓跑
(2)be scared of(doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
(3)scaring adj.令人害怕的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Most of us are eager for success and scared of failure.
②The poor girl was so scared(scare) that she nearly burst into tears.
③He was scared to death(die) on seeing the terrifying scene.
④That scaring(scare) movie was so terrifying that Mark felt frightened at the thought of it.
知识要点9 replace vt.接替；取代；更换
(教材P17)The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.
学生会将在一月召开一个特别会议，来选举一个人接替这位秘书。

[例1] John is ill and I want to know who is going to take the place of(＝replace) him.
约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。

[例2] They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.
他们用昂贵的新跑车取代了心爱的旧车。

[造句] 有一类密码用符号来代替单词、短语或句子。

A code uses symbols to replace words ，phrases ，or sentences.
[知识拓展]
(1)replace A with/by B 用B 取代A
replace sb.as... 取代某人成为……
(2)take the place of sb.＝take sb.'s place
代替某人
in place of
代替 in place
在适当的位置，恰当的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced by/with puters in class.
②She can't attend the meeting ，so her assistant will take the place of her. ③Now that these basics were in place ，I was ready to go all out to carry out the plan. Sentence Patterns
重点句式1 否定词与比较级连用表示最高级句式
(教材P 16)To a person nothing is more precious than their life...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
句式分析：否定词＋比较级“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no ，not ，never ，nothing ，nobody ，hardly 等。

[例1] Mr.Stevenson is great to work for —I really couldn't ask for a better boss.
为史蒂文森先生工作真好——我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。

[例2] As far as I'm concerned ，nothing is more important than hard study. 就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要的了。

[造句] 没有比时间更贵重的东西，但其他东西也同样宝贵。

Nothing is more valuable than time ，but nothing is less valued.
[知识拓展] (1)比较级＋than ＋⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧any other ＋单数名词
（all ）the other ＋复数名词
anyone else any of the other ＋复数名词the rest of ＋复数名词或不可数名词
(2)can/could ＋never/not ＋be ＋⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧形容词/副词＋enough
too ＋形容词/副词
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never been to a more exciting(exciting) one before.
②Tom is more intelligent(intelligent) than any other student in his class. ③Remember ，no one is better(good) than you and no one is smarter(smart) than you.
(2)完成句子
①你的故事太完美了；我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。

Your story is perfect ；I've never heard a bette one before ．
②汤姆是我们班最高的学生。

Tom is taller than any other student in our class.
③过马路时，你越小心越好。

You can never be too careful while crossing the street.
重点句式2 would rather do sth.宁愿做某事
(教材P 16)She responded ，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life ！” 她回答说：“我宁愿为终生学习而保持单身！”
句式分析：句中would rather(not) do sth.意为“宁愿(不)做某事”。

[例1] He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。

[例2] Nowadays more and more people would rather not live in big cities. 现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。

[造句] 为了过低碳生活，有些人宁愿骑车而不是开车去上班。

To live a low carbon life ，some people would rather ride a bike than drive a car to work.
[知识拓展]
(1) ⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫would rather do sth.than do sth.would do sth.rather than do sth.
prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.prefer doing sth.to doing sth.宁愿做某事（而）不愿做某事 (2)would rather that ＋主语＋did sth.表示对现在或将来的虚拟
(3)would rather that ＋主语＋had done sth.表示对过去的虚拟
[提示] ①使用would rather...than...句型时要注意平行结构，即than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。

②would rather后跟that从句要用虚拟语气。

[即学即练]
(1)一句多译
简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。

①Jane is a quiet girl，who would rather stay in the library than go to see a movie.
②Jane is a quiet girl，who prefers to stay in the library rather than go to see
a movie.
③Jane is a quiet girl，who prefers staying in the library to going to see a movie.
(2)单句语法填空
①She would rather you came(e) tomorrow than today.
②I would rather you had finished(finish) your homework yesterday.
重点句式3 see表“见证；目睹；经历”时的用法
(教材P17)The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
新生的中华人民某某国见证了林巧稚博士所起的关键作用。

句式分析：see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。

[例1] National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the street.They were all very cheerful.
国庆节人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。

他们都兴高采烈。

[例2] The old temple has seen great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。

[造句] 过去40年来见证了我国各个领域的巨大变化。

The last forty years have seen the greatest changes in many fields of our country.
[知识拓展]
与see用法相同的动词有find，witness，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。

[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①The city saw(see) a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr.King was shot to death in 1968.
②The year 1949 witnessed(witness) the founding of the People's Republic of China.
③With economy developing at great speed，our city has witnessed (witness) quite
a few changes in recent years.
(2)完成句子
①过去的三十年里制定了大量保障我们权利的法律。

The last thirty years have witnessed a large number of laws guaranteeing us our rights.
②黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。

The dusk found a little girl crying in the street.
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I'm cold，hungry or tired?
[分析]本句为并列句，由and连接，在后一个句子中，有if引导的条件状语从句，并且saying在后一句中作伴随状语。

[译文]对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝他们的信任，说我冷、饿或累呢？
2．She greatly impressed her American colleagues，who invited her to stay，Dr Lin，however，rejected the offer.
[分析]本句为并列句，由however引导表示转折。

在前一个句子中有一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰colleagues。

[译文]她给她的美国同事留下了深刻印象，他们邀请她留在美国。

然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。

教材高考
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life... (2015·某某卷)As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.
2.Dr Lin didn't retire until the day she died. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)...She had no plans to retire from her 36­year­old business.
3.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician... (2019·卷)The students who he's driven have gone on to bee physicians...
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As we all know，nothing is more precious(precious) than health.
2．She responded(respond) to my question after a while.
3．The majority of the people were/are(be) in favour of the suggestion at the meeting.
4．He rejected(reject) the offer of studying in America and settled down to his work at home.
5．At last he was appointed(appoint) as manager of the pany.
6．He has worked the land for about 4 decades(decade) since he graduated from the college.
7．The old and the young tend to be cheated(cheat) more easily than others.
8．After retirement(retire)，I intend to learn cooking and French.
9．It gives the old man great pleasure to meet these energetic(energy) young people.
10．It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced(replace) with puters in class.
Ⅱ.语境填空
moral dilemma；carry sb.through sth.；in the majority；tuition fees；respond to；in response to；resident physician；tend to；replace...with；be scared of 1．When he met with the moral dilemma，he didn't know how to deal with it.
2．The little girl was scared of staying at home alone at night.
3．We decided to replace Li Lei with Tom as our monitor.
4．Girls tend to like playing dolls while boys like playing guns.
5．The government quickly responded to the accident that happened in the school.
6．They took immediate action in response to the students' great demand.
7．The Chinese people are in the majority in the sport meet held in Wuhan.
8．He took a part­time job to afford the high tuition fees while studying in England.
9．It was your generous help that carried me through the hardest time of my life.
10．She was hired as a resident physician in the OB­GYN department after she graduated from the medical college.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
As Dr Lin Qiaozhi said “To a person nothing is 1.________(precious) than their life.”These words of her give us a look into the heart of the amazing woman and 2.________ carried her through a life of hard choices.
At age 18，she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of 3.________(marry) like the majority of girls.Once she 4.________(respond) to her brother's plaint.“I would rather 5.________(stay) single to study all my life.”At age 26，she 6.________(hire) as a resident physician in the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital immediately when she graduated.After 7.________(work) for a few years，she was sent to study abroad，where she 8.________(reject) the offer from her foreign colleagues.She wanted to serve the women and children at home.In 1941，she was appointed director of the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，9.________ later，the department was closed because of the war.So she 10.________(open) a private clinic to help the people in need.
[答案] 1.more precious 2.what 3.marriage 4.responded 5.stay 6.was hired 7.working 8.rejected 9.but 10.opened。