2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：27

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
The high cost for getting there was（）by the fact that I found a very cheap place to live. 问题1选项
A.offset
B.participated
C.elaborated
D.reclaimed
【答案】C
【解析】动词辨析题。

A选项offset“抵消，弥补”；B选项participate“参与，分享”；C选项elaborate“详细描述，变复杂”；D选项reclaim“开拓，抗议”。

句意：到这里的成本高是因为事情变得复杂，我找到了一个非常便宜的地方住。

选项C更符合语境。

2.
单选题
The most successful way to solve the language problem while a foreign play is being performed is（）translation.
问题1选项
A.homogeneous
B.simultaneous
C.instantaneous
D.spontaneous
【答案】B
【解析】形容词辨析题。

A选项homogeneous“均匀的，同质的”；B选项simultaneous“同时的”；C选项instantaneous“瞬间的”；D选项spontaneous“自发的，无意识的”。

句意：解决外交活动中的语言问题最成功的方法是同声传译。

选项B符合句意。

3.
单选题
Most people in the north wanted to（）slavery while the slave owners of the south held that slavery should be allowed.
问题1选项
A.extinguish
B.vanish
C.abolish
D.withdraw
【答案】C
【解析】动词辨析题。

A选项extinguish“熄灭，压制”；B选项vanish“消失”；C选项abolish“废除”；D选项withdraw“撤退”。

句意：大多数北方人想废除奴隶制，而南方的奴隶主则认为应该允许奴隶制的存在。

选项C符合句意。

4.
单选题
The plane is a form of transportation whose（） we take for granted.
问题1选项
A.convenience
B.construction
C.satisfaction
D.insurance
【答案】A
【解析】名词辨析题。

A选项convenience“便利”；B选项construction“建设”；C选项satisfaction“满足”；D选项insurance“保险”。

句意：飞机是一种我们认为理所当然便利的交通工具。

选项A符合句意。

5.
单选题
One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been （）with the theoretical aspects of the subject.
问题1选项
A.embraced
B.adjusted
C.alternated
D.integrated
【答案】D
【解析】动词辨析题。

A选项embrace“拥抱”；B选项adjust“调整”；C选项alternate“交替，轮流”；D选项integrate“使完整”。

句意：这门课程吸引人的特点之一是实际工作与学科理论方面结合的方法。

选项D符合句意。

6. 单选题
According to the “hygiene hypothesis” first proposed in 1989, exposure to a variety of bacteria, viruses and parasitic worms early in life helps prime a child’s immune system, much like sensory experiences program his brain. Without such early instruction, the immune system may go in disorder and overreact with allergies to foods, pollen and pet fur or turn on the body’s o wn tissue, setting off autoimmune disorders.
Many of these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions of years — the so-called "old friends’’ theory. But where they have been eradicated, a key part of human development has been thrown o ff. “The vast majority of microbes are harmless. There are only a few dozen that can cause lethal infections.” says Thomas McDade, director of the Laboratory for Human Biology Research at Northwestern University.
In 1998, about one in five children in industrialized countries suffered from allergic diseases such as asthma, allergies and rashes, according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, a global research initiative. The incidence of peanut allergy in the US tripled between 1997 and 2008, according to a report from Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. But such diseases are still relatively rare in Africa and rural Asia. “The geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases is a mirror image of the geographic al distribution of various infectious diseases.” says a report by French researchers devoted to the hygiene hypothesis.
Exposure to immune-stimulating germs may also lower the risk of heart disease, according to Dr. McDade. But there are other dangers lurking in muddy water and animal faces. Michael Bell, an infectious disease specialist and deputy director of Healthcare Quality Promotion at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says that people should be vigilant about wound care since bacteria can cause problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. “If you’re not doing it ten times a day, you're probably not doing it enough.” he says. But he and other experts say that regular soap and water are fine in most cases. Sterilizing hands is critical mainly for health-care workers and in hospitals, where disease-causing germs are prevalent and can easily spread.
Many experts advise common sense. “We don’t want to say to children. OK, play by the dirty river bank and cat ch whatever you can.” says Dr. Weinstocks. "But we can say there's nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They don't have to live in total sanitation, and they won’t die from eating something off the floor. It’s probably more healthy than not.”
1.The “hygiene hypothesis” proposed that exposure to various viruses and germs in early childhood（）.
2.What if we live without any microorganisms?
3.According to French researchers, the geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases
（）.
4.What does Michael Bell suggest we do in daily life?
5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
问题1选项
A.eliminates childhood diseases such as asthma and allergies
B.proves to be an important prevention against cancer
C.proves to be necessary for the development of immune system
D.increases susceptibility to allergic and autoimmune diseases
问题2选项
A.We will never be involved in the allergies.
B.We will eradicate the outbreaks of many infectious diseases.
C.We may miss an important part of human development.
D.We may find no effective medical cure to many disease.
问题3选项
A.has nothing to do with that of various infectious diseases
B.is exactly the same with that of various infectious diseases
C.is completely opposite to that of various infectious diseases
D.shows no comparability with that of various infectious diseases
问题4选项
A.Be careful about wound care.
B.Wash hands within 10 times a day.
C.Consult health-care workers.
D.Sterilize your hands every day. 问题5选项
A.Children should be encouraged to play in dirty places.
B.More efforts should be made in public health.
C.Parents needn’t worry about children playing in the dirt.
D.Excessive cleanness is required at home but not outdoors.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】1.判断推理题。

根据第一段第一句“根据1989年首次提出的“卫生假说”，儿童在早期的生活中接触各种细菌、病毒和寄生虫，有助于儿童的免疫系统做好准备，就像感官体验对大脑进行编程一样。

”由此可推断，这个“卫生假说”证明了免疫系统发展的重要性，选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。

根据第二段一二句“Many of these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions of years — the so-called “old friends” the ory. But where they have been eradicated, a key part of human development has been thrown off. 许多微生物在数百万年的时间里与人类共生进化，这就是所谓的“老朋友”理论。

但是，在它们被根除的地方，人类发展的一个关键部分就被抛弃了。

”选项C符合原文。

3.判断推断题。

根据关键词“French researchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘The geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases is a mirror image of the geographical distribution of various infectious diseases.’ says a report by French researchers devoted to the hygiene hypothesis.‘过敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各种传染病地理分布的一个镜像。

’一份由法国研究人员撰写的关于卫生假说的报告称。

”镜像与原像是相反的，这里是说他们的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。

根据关键词“Michael Bell”定位到倒数第二段第三句“Michael Bell, ..., says that people should be vigilant about wound care since bacteria can cause problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. Michael Bell表示，人们应该要注意伤口的护理，因为细菌一旦进入血液就会引发问题，他还提倡勤洗手。

”选项A符合原文；选项B和D 不符合原文描述；选项D在文中没有提及，所以本题选A。

5.判断推理题。

根据最后一段第二句“... there's nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They don't have to live in total sanitation,...孩子们在泥土里玩耍没有什么错，他们不必生活在完全卫生的环境中...”所以选项C“父母不必担心孩子在泥土里玩耍”符合原文。

7.
单选题
The（） bones of an elderly person may fracture easily.
问题1选项
A.slender
B.brittle
C.dense
D.firm
【答案】B
【解析】形容词辨析题。

A选项slender“细长的，苗条的”；B选项brittle“脆弱的”；C选项dense“稠密的”；D选项firm“坚定的”。

句意：老年人脆弱的骨头可能容易折断。

选项B符合句意。

8.
单选题
Do you agree with the saying that the monkey was the（）of human race?
问题1选项
A.offspring
B.successor
C.breeder
D.predecessor
【答案】D
【解析】名词辨析题。

A选项offspring“后代，子孙”；B选项successor“继承者”；C选项breeder“饲养员，繁殖者”；D选项predecessor“前身，祖先”。

句意：你同意猴子是人类祖先的说法吗? 选项D 符合句意。

9.
单选题
If you（） your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.
问题1选项
A.conduct
B.dismiss
C.grant
D.moderate
【答案】B
【解析】动词辨析题。

A选项conduct“组织”；B选项dismiss“解散，解雇；不予理会，不予考虑”；C选项grant“授予”；D选项moderate“节制，减轻”。

句意：如果你不考虑自己的需求，你将会有更多的机会获得你想要的。

选项B符合句意。

10.
单选题
These seats are（）for old and sick people.
问题1选项
A.conserved
B.deserved
C.preserved
D.reserved
【答案】D
【解析】近义词辨析题。

A选项conserved“保存，保全”；B选项deserved“值得”；C选项preserved“保藏”；D选项reserved“保留”。

句意：这些座位是留给老人和病人的。

be reserved for意为“为…保留”，所以选项D符合句意。

11.
单选题
Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back far as the reptiles.
There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed castor dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?
Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal’s vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wiles Webb of the Universi ty of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University has suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.
1.According to the passage, the phenomenon of sleep is common to which of the following groups of living beings?
2.The author states that during dream sleep, the animal sleeps（）.
3.The author suggests that, because there are no hiding places in the oceans, whales and dolphins
（）.
4.The author implies that, if they did not sleep, babies of hunting animals might（）.
问题1选项A.All-ancient animals.
B.Primates only.
C.Four-fooled beasts only.
D.Most mammals and birds
问题2选项
A.without moving
B.shallowly
C.intermittently
D.on its side
问题3选项
A.sleep only when they are very young
B.cannot afford to sleep very much
ually dream while awake
D.take turns sleeping
问题4选项
A.be more aware of danger
B.make noise at the wrong times
C.fail to grow properly
D.be able to catch more food
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。

根据第一段第二句“In the electroencephalographic s ense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back far as the reptiles. 脑电图显示，我们和所有的灵长类动物以及几乎所有其他的哺乳动物和鸟类都会睡觉。

由此可知，选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。

根据第二段第二句“In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. 在睡梦中，动物被强有力地固定住，对外界刺激毫无反应。

”所以选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。

根据关键词“whales and dolphins”定位到第三段首句“Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. 或许关于睡眠原始功能的一个有力暗示发现了“海豚、鲸鱼和水生哺乳动物似乎总是睡得很少”这一事实。

选项B符合原文。

4.判断推理题。

根据最后一段倒数二三句“It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals.” 那些由于太笨而本能上不能保持安静的动物，在危险的时刻，会被睡眠这一无法缓和的武器固定住。

这一点对于幼小的食肉动物来说似乎特别明显。

也就是说，幼小的食肉动物在危险时刻无法保持安静，即在不恰当的时机发出声音，所以选项B符合原文。

12.
翻译题
Translate the following sentences into English.
没有改革开放，就没有今天的经济发展。

祖国的地下到处都是埋藏着丰富的矿产资源。

弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。

不经一事，不长一智。

青年人和老年人不同，女青年和老太太也不同，不考虑这些情况，恐怕就解决不好“代沟”问题。

【答案】Without the reform and opening-up, the economic will not be well developed like today.
There are rich mineral resources at underground of our motherland.
If screw up, you'll back to square one.
A fall in the pit; a gain in the wit.
The young differs from the old while the young women and old lady vary a lot, without attention to this, it's hard to solve the “generation gap”.
13.
单选题
Since the couple could not（） their difference, they decided to get a divorce.
问题1选项
A.reconcile
ply
C.coincide
D.resign
【答案】A
【解析】动词辨析题。

A选项reconcile“调和，使一致”；B选comply“遵守，顺从”；C选项coincide“一致，符合”；D选项resign“辞职”。

句意：由于这对夫妇无法调和他们之间的分歧，他们决定离婚。

选项A符合句意。

14.
单选题
The scene is so beautiful that it（）my power of description.
问题1选项
A.ascends
B.descends
C.transcends
D.overtakes
【答案】C
【解析】动词辨析题。

A选项ascend“攀登，上升”；B选项descend“下降”；C选项transcend“胜过，超越”；D选项overtake“赶上，压倒”。

句意：这景色太美了，我无法形容。

也就是超出了描述的能力，所以选项C符合句意。

15.
单选题
Each month 5 Yuan is（）from my salary for house-repairing payment.
问题1选项
A.excluded
B.expelled
pelled
D.docked
【答案】D
【解析】动词辨析题。

A选项exclude“排除”；B选项expel“驱逐，开除”；C选项compel“强迫”；D选项dock“使靠码头，从（工资）中扣除（一部分的钱）”。

句意：每个月从我的工资中扣去5元用于修房子。

选项D符合句意。