高中英语Unit5NelsonMandela_amodernheroPeriodOneWarming

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero
Period OneWarming Up & Reading—Pre­reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Mandela became president in South Africa’s historic 1994 election(选举)．After that，he often turned to Walter Sisulu，one of his closest friends for more than sixty years，for guidance.Sisulu was in many ways as important as Mandela in the fight against South Africa’s racist system(种族主义制度)．
In 1944，the two，along with Oliver T ambo，founded the ANC Youth League.The ANCYL favored a more militant(激进的) way to the movement against the government.They soon took over the ANC，with Sisulu serving as its secretary general from 1949 to 1954.In 1963，he，Mandela and other top ANC leaders were sentenced to life in prison.
Sisulu was always calm and patient after he was released.The day after his release on Oct.15，1989，Sisulu explained to reporters how “it was not possible to lose hope because the spirit of the people outside was too great”．Mandela’s release came four months later.
Sisulu was born in 1912.Unlike Mandela，whose father was a chief(酋长)，Sisulu was the child of a black maid(女仆) and a white worker.His father left the family when Sisulu was small.
He was educated for a while at a local school，but left when he was 15 to support his family.He took whatever jobs he could，and continued to learn on his
own.In 1940，he joined the ANC and got Mandela to join it a year later.
“Our paths first met in 1941.During the past 62 years，our lives have been closely connected.We shared the joy of living，and the pain.We walked side by side through the valley of death.T ogether we enjoyed the taste of freedom，”Mandela said after Sisulu died on May 5th，2003.“A part of me is gone.”
1．In what way was Sisulu similar to Mandela？
A．He also supported peaceful means.
B．He also ran for the 1994 election.
C．He was also a founder of the ANC.
D．He was also a great freedom fighter.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

由前两段可知，西苏鲁和曼德拉一样，都是伟大的南非自由战士。

2．What made Sisulu feel hopeful about the future？
A．Mandela’s release.
B．The people’s power.
C．The prisoners’high spirits.
D．Reporters’encouragement.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“it was not possible to lose hope because the spirit of the people outside was too great”可知，西苏鲁之所以对未来充满希望，是因为他受到了人民力量的鼓舞。

3．What did Mandela tell us about in the last paragraph？
A．His lifelong friendship with Sisulu.
B．His important influence on Sisulu.
C．His hard efforts to win freedom.
D．His opinions on Sisulu’s life.
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

由最后一段曼德拉的话可知，他深情地回顾了他与西苏鲁六十多年的革命友谊。

4．What is the purpose of the text？
A．To pare Sisulu with Mandela.
B．To show the greatness of Mandela.
C．To explain the history of the ANCYL.
D．To describe Sisulu’s life and achievements.
答案 D
解析写作目的题。

通读全文可知，本文介绍了南非著名反种族隔离斗士西苏鲁的生平和成就。

B
Harriet Tubman was born a slave.She didn’t get a chance to go to school.As a child，Harriet had to work very hard in the fields all day.That way，her owner could make a lot of money when he sold his crops.Harriet didn’t think that she was being treated fairly.
After Harriet grew up，she ran away from the plantation(庄园) to the northern United States.There and in Canada，black people could be free.
Harriet liked to be free.She felt sorry for all of the black people who were still slaves.Harriet returned to the South to help other slaves to run away.She made sure that they got to the north and became free.
Harriet was in great danger because of a law that had just been passed.The law said it was not permitted(允许) to help slaves run away.She also found out that the
slave owners said they would pay $ 40，000 to anyone who could catch Harriet Tubman.
There were many stories about Harriet helping slaves run away.In all，she made nineteen trips back to the South and guided about 300 slaves to freedom.When the Civil War broke out，the Northern States fought against the Southern States.Harriet stood for the Northern States because they believed that slaves should be free.She worked as a nurse and spied(侦察) behind enemy lines until the Northern States won the War.
5．Harriet Tubman was once .
A．a traveller from Canada
B．a plantation owner
C．a soldier in America
D．a black slave of America
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据文章开头“Harriet Tubman was born a slave.”和第二段首句“After Harriet grew up，she ran away from the plantation(庄园) to the northern United States.”和第三段的“Harriet returned to the South”可得出答案。

6．Why was Harriet in great danger？
A．Because she helped other slaves run away and broke the law at that time. B．Because she killed several slave owners.
C．Because she sold many black slaves to owners in the North.
D．Because she took away something worth $ 40，000.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第二段可知答案。

7．The slave owners would pay $ 40，000 to anyone who could catch Harriet because .
A．300 slaves gathered around her
B．they were afraid of what she was doing
C．she could make even more money than that
D．the law on the slaves had just been passed
答案 B
解析推理判断题。

哈莉特帮助了大量奴隶逃走，这损害了奴隶主的利益，他们自然担心害怕。

8．What can we learn from the text？
A．Black people were free in America and Canada.
B．Harriet stayed on the plantation until she was set free.
C．Harriet worked for the Northern States in the Civil War.
D．The Southern States supported Harriet in helping the slaves.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据文章最后两句可判断出C项是正确答案。

C
Rosa Parks worked at sewing clothes from the 1930s until 1955.Then she became a representation of freedom for millions of African­Americans.
In much of the American South in the 1950s，the first rows of seats on city buses were for white people only.Black people sat in the back of the bus.Both groups could sit in a middle area.However，black people sitting in that part of the bus were expected to leave their seats if a white person wanted to sit there.
Rosa Parks and three other black people were seated in the middle area of the bus when a white person got on the bus and wanted a seat.The bus driver
demanded that all four black people leave their seats so the white person would not have to sit next to any of them.The three other blacks got up，but Rosa Parks refused.She was arrested.
Some popular stories about that incident include the statement that Rosa Parks refused to leave her seat because her feet were tired.But she herself said in later years that this was false.
A group of black women activists(积极分子) in Montgomery was known as the Women’s Political Council.The group was working to oppose the mistreatment of black bus passengers.Blacks had been arrested and even killed for violating orders from bus drivers.Rosa Parks was not the first black person to refuse to give up a seat on the bus to a white person.But black groups in Montgomery considered her to be the right citizen around whom to build a protest because she was one of the finest citizens of the city.
The women’s group immediately called for all blacks in the city to refuse to ride on city buses on the day of Rosa Parks’trial(审判)，Monday，December 5th.The result was that forty thousand people walked and used other transportation on that day.
Finally the rules for riding the buses were changed.The new rules said：1.Black and white people could sit wherever they wanted to sit.2.Bus drivers were to respect all riders.3.Black people were now allowed to apply for the position of drivers.
9．Where did Rosa Parks’ancestors live？
A．The South America. B．The American South.
C．Montgomery. D．Africa.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“Then she became a representation of freedom for millions of African­Americans.”中的African­Americans可知，她的祖先是非洲人。

故选D。

10．Why did Rosa Parks stay in her seat？
A．Because her feet were hurt.
B．Because she wanted to have the same right as the white.
C．Because her feet were tired.
D．Because she had the right by law.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

选项A的内容文中未提及；选项C的内容虽然在第四段第一句中提到了，但是由该段第二句可知罗莎·帕克斯对此进行了否认；选项D的内容与第二段内容不符。

故选B。

11．What does the underlined word “mistreatment”in Paragraph 5 mean？A．Being badly treated. B．Being destroyed.
C．Attack. D．Dislike.
答案 A
解析词义猜测题。

根据该词后面一句“Blacks had been arrested and even killed for violating orders from bus drivers.”可知，黑人受到了虐待。

故选A。

12．What can be inferred from the passage？
A．Black groups are powerful.
B．Rosa Parks was respected.
C．The protest was a success.
D．Rosa Parks had bad manners.
答案 C
解析推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段首句“Finally the rules for riding the buses were changed.”及新的公交车乘车规则可知，这次抗议取得了成功。

故选C。

Ⅱ.七选五
How Much Do You Know About Albert Einstein？
Albert Einstein，who was born on March 14，1879 in Germany，was a great scientist in the world.He was strange because he hated haircuts and new clothes.He believed in peace. 13 However，his most famous idea，E＝mc2，helped create the world’s most dangerous weapon.Many people thought he was the smartest person in the world. 14
Albert Einstein was also a theoretical physicist who published the special and general theories of relativity and contributed in other areas of physics.He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric(光电的) effect. 15 At that time，everyone thought he was a fool.
What did he like？
Einstein liked learning sailing.He sailed in small boats all his life.He once joked，“Sailing is the sport that takes the least energy！”
When Einstein was a child，his mother made him take violin lessons.At first，he didn’t like the violin.But then he learned to love music and became a good ter，he said，“Love is the best teacher.”
16
In 1910，Einstein asked a question which many children often ask，“Why is the sky blue？”After his careful research，he answered the question like this：“17 When light travels to Earth，gas particles(气体微粒) spread the blue light all over the sky.”His answer is true in physics.
A．But it was said that he was unusual when he was born.
B．But Einstein said that he thought like a child with many questions.
C．Why did he like the blue sky？
D．It’s because light is made up of many colors including blue.
E．Why is the sky blue？
F．He was very intelligent in his daily life.
G．All his life，he hated war.
语篇解读本文是记叙文，主要介绍了爱因斯坦的喜好和他提出的理论。

13．答案G
解析前面一句提到，爱因斯坦相信和平。

后面一句提到，然而他最著名的想法却促成了世界上最危险武器的产生。

由此可推断，空格处提到的内容与战争有关，故选G。

14．答案 B
解析前面一句提到，很多人认为他是世界上最聪明的人。

B项紧承上文，说明了爱因斯坦对自己不同的看法。

15．答案 A
解析前面一句提到他所获得的荣誉，后面一句提到那时人们都认为他是傻瓜，由此可知空格处提到的内容应是爱因斯坦的特别之处，A项“但是据说他刚出生时很是与众不同”与上文形成转折。

16．答案 E
解析最后一段主要讲述爱因斯坦对“天空为什么是蓝色的”提出疑问并进行了科学解释。

E项“Why is the sky blue？”与此相对应。

17．答案 D
解析最后一段中爱因斯坦先提出问题，然后在经过研究后得出结论，D项“这是因为光是由不同色彩组成的，包括蓝色”，承接上文，说明结论。