高考英语第二部分语法专题词法讲解情态动词和虚拟语气2外研
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解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光， 否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知 是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为： 从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should (would, could, might)＋现在完成时＋其他。
12/9/2021
相反的假设 词
might＋have＋过去
分词
12/9/2021
①if＋主语＋动词的过
与将来事实 相反的假设
去式
主语＋
②if＋主语＋were to＋
动词原形
would/could/should/
might＋动词原形
③if＋主语＋should＋动
词原形
12/9/2021
If I had time, I would go to the concert. 如果我有时间，我就去听音乐会了。 If I had practised more, I would have passed the driving exam. 如果我更多的练习的话，我就会通过驾驶考试了。 If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。
Hale Waihona Puke 12/9/20216．(2018·江苏卷改编)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had (have) a second chance to become more involved.
解析：句意：在这个村子里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望 我能再有一次机会更多地参与其中。动词 wish 后面的宾语从句 要用虚拟语气。若表示与现在相反的虚拟，从句用一般过去时； 若表示与过去相反的虚拟，从句用过去完成时或 would/could have done。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在的情况相反，故用动词的 过去式。
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4．含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文 中，比如通过介词(短语)with, without, but for 等来表示。 We couldn't have finished the work in time without your help. 没有你的帮助，我们不可能及时完成了这项工作。
12/9/2021
5．(2018·江苏卷改编)It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission.
解析：句意：真奇怪，他居然没有得到主人的允许就把那些 书拿走了。在 it is strange that...; it is important that...; it is necessary that...等句式中，that 引导的从句要用“should＋动词原形”作谓 语。
12/9/2021
2．错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的 时间不一致时，这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句。动词的形 式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 If you had taken the doctor's advice，you would be better now. 如果你接受了医生的建议，你现在就会好多了。 If Tang Ning were in town, I would have heard about it. 要是唐宁在城里，我肯定早已听说了。
12/9/2021
3．(2018·北京卷改编)They might have found a better hotel if they had driven (drive) a few more kilometers.
解析：句意：如果他们开车再多走几千米的话，他们或许就 会找到一家更好的旅馆。主从句皆为对过去的虚拟，从句中应使 用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
12/9/2021
考点3 虚拟语气用于名词性从句中 1．主语从句 (1)在 “It is＋important/ necessary/natural/ strange/essential/a pity＋that...”句型中，谓语动词用(should)＋动词原形。 It is strange that the poor old man should have been invited to his wedding. 那位贫穷老人竟然被邀请参加他的婚礼，真是奇怪。
12/9/2021
4．(2018·天津卷改编)If we had caught (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
解析：句意：如果昨天我们赶上了航班的话，我们现在正在 海滩上享受我们的假期了。此句是错综时间虚拟语气，由 yesterday 可知从句是对过去的虚拟(用过去完成时)，主句是对现 在的虚拟。
有人建议说老人必须马上被送去医院。
12/9/2021
2．宾语从句 (1)在 demand, suggest, require, propose, advise, order, insist 等 后接的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 should＋动词原形，should 可以 省略。 He demands that he (should) be told everything. 他要求将一切告诉他。 (2)wish 后的宾语从句分别用一般过去时、过去完成时和 might/could/would＋动词原形表示对现在、过去和将来的虚拟， 表示一种不可能实现的愿望。 I wish I could walk on the moon one day. 我希望有一天我能漫步于月球。
第二部分
语法专题
12/9/2021
词法讲解 情态动词和虚拟语气 (二)虚拟语气
12/9/2021
典题在线
语法精讲 巩固提升
12/9/2021
典题在线
12/9/2021
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2019·江苏卷改编)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would have had (have) a good time together.
12/9/2021
Ⅱ.单句改错 (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. can→should 或去掉 can
解析：suggest 在此处表示“建议”，后面接宾语从句时，从 句中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
12/9/2021
3．if 省略句 如果虚拟条件句中含有 were，should，had 三个词(其中 should 是助动词)，可将 if 省略，把这三个词前置到主语之前，形成部 分倒装。 If I were in your position, I would do the same. →Were I in your position，I would do the same. If you had come earlier，you would have met her. →Had you come earlier，you would have met her. If he should come tomorrow，I would give him the dictionary. →Should he come tomorrow，I would give him the dictionary.
12/9/2021
(2)It be＋suggested/advised/desired/proposed/ordered/ demanded 等＋that 从句中，谓语动词用(should)＋动词原形。
It's suggested that the old man (should) be sent to hospital immediately.
Ⅰ.用情态动词填空 1．When I was a child, I could watch TV whenever I wanted to. 2．—What are you doing this Saturday? —I'm not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert. 3．The door won't open, no matter how hard she pushed. 4．One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 5．They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
2 ． (2019·天 津 卷 )The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished (accomplish) the task in half the time.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们不是很有组织，否则他 们就会在一半的时间内完成任务了。根据语境和句意可知 otherwise 后面是虚拟语气，且是对过去发生的事情的虚拟。 otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time 相 当 于 if the workers were better organized, they would have accomplished the task in half the time。
12/9/2021
语法精讲
12/9/2021
考点1 虚拟语气用于状语从句中
1．虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实 if＋主语＋动词的过去 相反的假设 式(be 动词用 were)
主语＋ would/could/should/ might＋动词原形
主语＋
与过去事实 if＋主语＋had＋过去分 would/could/should/
12/9/2021
(3)would rather 后接 that 从句分别用一般过去时、过去完成 时表示对现在和过去的虚拟。
I'd rather that they hadn't heard of the news. 我宁愿他们没听到那些消息。
12/9/2021
3．表语从句和同位语从句 在 suggestion, advice, order, proposal, plan, idea, request 等名词 后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it. 我的想法是在接受它之前多多考虑一下。 He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。
12/9/2021
考点2 虚拟语气用于定语从句中 在 It is (high/about) time (that)．..句型中，定语从句的谓语动 词用过去式或 should＋动词原形(其中 should 不能省略)。此句型 意为“(现在)该……了”，用来表示提议。 It is high time that we were off. 我们该走了。
12/9/2021
考点4 虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中 If only 要是……就好了 If only I were a flying bird! 多么希望我是一只飞鸟！ If only you hadn't met him! 要是你没遇见他就好了。
12/9/2021
巩固提升
12/9/2021
12/9/2021
相反的假设 词
might＋have＋过去
分词
12/9/2021
①if＋主语＋动词的过
与将来事实 相反的假设
去式
主语＋
②if＋主语＋were to＋
动词原形
would/could/should/
might＋动词原形
③if＋主语＋should＋动
词原形
12/9/2021
If I had time, I would go to the concert. 如果我有时间，我就去听音乐会了。 If I had practised more, I would have passed the driving exam. 如果我更多的练习的话，我就会通过驾驶考试了。 If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。
Hale Waihona Puke 12/9/20216．(2018·江苏卷改编)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had (have) a second chance to become more involved.
解析：句意：在这个村子里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望 我能再有一次机会更多地参与其中。动词 wish 后面的宾语从句 要用虚拟语气。若表示与现在相反的虚拟，从句用一般过去时； 若表示与过去相反的虚拟，从句用过去完成时或 would/could have done。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在的情况相反，故用动词的 过去式。
12/9/2021
4．含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文 中，比如通过介词(短语)with, without, but for 等来表示。 We couldn't have finished the work in time without your help. 没有你的帮助，我们不可能及时完成了这项工作。
12/9/2021
5．(2018·江苏卷改编)It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission.
解析：句意：真奇怪，他居然没有得到主人的允许就把那些 书拿走了。在 it is strange that...; it is important that...; it is necessary that...等句式中，that 引导的从句要用“should＋动词原形”作谓 语。
12/9/2021
2．错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的 时间不一致时，这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句。动词的形 式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 If you had taken the doctor's advice，you would be better now. 如果你接受了医生的建议，你现在就会好多了。 If Tang Ning were in town, I would have heard about it. 要是唐宁在城里，我肯定早已听说了。
12/9/2021
3．(2018·北京卷改编)They might have found a better hotel if they had driven (drive) a few more kilometers.
解析：句意：如果他们开车再多走几千米的话，他们或许就 会找到一家更好的旅馆。主从句皆为对过去的虚拟，从句中应使 用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
12/9/2021
考点3 虚拟语气用于名词性从句中 1．主语从句 (1)在 “It is＋important/ necessary/natural/ strange/essential/a pity＋that...”句型中，谓语动词用(should)＋动词原形。 It is strange that the poor old man should have been invited to his wedding. 那位贫穷老人竟然被邀请参加他的婚礼，真是奇怪。
12/9/2021
4．(2018·天津卷改编)If we had caught (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
解析：句意：如果昨天我们赶上了航班的话，我们现在正在 海滩上享受我们的假期了。此句是错综时间虚拟语气，由 yesterday 可知从句是对过去的虚拟(用过去完成时)，主句是对现 在的虚拟。
有人建议说老人必须马上被送去医院。
12/9/2021
2．宾语从句 (1)在 demand, suggest, require, propose, advise, order, insist 等 后接的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 should＋动词原形，should 可以 省略。 He demands that he (should) be told everything. 他要求将一切告诉他。 (2)wish 后的宾语从句分别用一般过去时、过去完成时和 might/could/would＋动词原形表示对现在、过去和将来的虚拟， 表示一种不可能实现的愿望。 I wish I could walk on the moon one day. 我希望有一天我能漫步于月球。
第二部分
语法专题
12/9/2021
词法讲解 情态动词和虚拟语气 (二)虚拟语气
12/9/2021
典题在线
语法精讲 巩固提升
12/9/2021
典题在线
12/9/2021
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2019·江苏卷改编)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would have had (have) a good time together.
12/9/2021
Ⅱ.单句改错 (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. can→should 或去掉 can
解析：suggest 在此处表示“建议”，后面接宾语从句时，从 句中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
12/9/2021
3．if 省略句 如果虚拟条件句中含有 were，should，had 三个词(其中 should 是助动词)，可将 if 省略，把这三个词前置到主语之前，形成部 分倒装。 If I were in your position, I would do the same. →Were I in your position，I would do the same. If you had come earlier，you would have met her. →Had you come earlier，you would have met her. If he should come tomorrow，I would give him the dictionary. →Should he come tomorrow，I would give him the dictionary.
12/9/2021
(2)It be＋suggested/advised/desired/proposed/ordered/ demanded 等＋that 从句中，谓语动词用(should)＋动词原形。
It's suggested that the old man (should) be sent to hospital immediately.
Ⅰ.用情态动词填空 1．When I was a child, I could watch TV whenever I wanted to. 2．—What are you doing this Saturday? —I'm not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert. 3．The door won't open, no matter how hard she pushed. 4．One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 5．They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
2 ． (2019·天 津 卷 )The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished (accomplish) the task in half the time.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们不是很有组织，否则他 们就会在一半的时间内完成任务了。根据语境和句意可知 otherwise 后面是虚拟语气，且是对过去发生的事情的虚拟。 otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time 相 当 于 if the workers were better organized, they would have accomplished the task in half the time。
12/9/2021
语法精讲
12/9/2021
考点1 虚拟语气用于状语从句中
1．虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实 if＋主语＋动词的过去 相反的假设 式(be 动词用 were)
主语＋ would/could/should/ might＋动词原形
主语＋
与过去事实 if＋主语＋had＋过去分 would/could/should/
12/9/2021
(3)would rather 后接 that 从句分别用一般过去时、过去完成 时表示对现在和过去的虚拟。
I'd rather that they hadn't heard of the news. 我宁愿他们没听到那些消息。
12/9/2021
3．表语从句和同位语从句 在 suggestion, advice, order, proposal, plan, idea, request 等名词 后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it. 我的想法是在接受它之前多多考虑一下。 He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。
12/9/2021
考点2 虚拟语气用于定语从句中 在 It is (high/about) time (that)．..句型中，定语从句的谓语动 词用过去式或 should＋动词原形(其中 should 不能省略)。此句型 意为“(现在)该……了”，用来表示提议。 It is high time that we were off. 我们该走了。
12/9/2021
考点4 虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中 If only 要是……就好了 If only I were a flying bird! 多么希望我是一只飞鸟！ If only you hadn't met him! 要是你没遇见他就好了。
12/9/2021
巩固提升
12/9/2021