2020复旦大学翻译硕士考研真题回忆最全整理

2020复旦大学翻译硕士考研真题回忆最全整理
基础英语
1.词汇语法题1'*20（单词可按GRE单词准备）
2.阅读理解三篇10'*3（每篇5题星火专八难度左右）
A.讨论为什么只有人有下颌，是进化还是什么原因？
以下疑似第一篇阅读原文：
Why we have chins: Researchers contend chin comes from evolution, not mechanical forces by Richard C. Lewis , University of Iowa
We have one feature that primates, Neanderthals, archaic humans—any species, for that matter—don't possess: a chin."
In some way, it seems trivial, but a reason why chins are so interesting is we're the only ones who have them," says Nathan Holton, who studies craniofacial features and mechanics at the University of Iowa. "It's unique to us."
New research led by Holton and colleagues at the UI posits that our chins don't come from mechanical forces such as chewing, but instead results from an evolutionary adaptation involving face size and shape—possibly linked to changes in hormone levels as we became more societally domesticated.
The finding, if true, may help settle a debate that's gone on intermittently for more than a century why modern humans have chins and how they came to be.
Using advanced facial and cranial biomechanical analyses with nearly 40 people whose measurements were plotted from toddlers to adults, the UI team concludes mechanical forces, including chewing, appear incapable of producing the resistance needed for new bone to be created in the lower mandible, or jaw area. Rather, they write in a paper published online in the Journal of Anatomy, it appears the chin's emergence in modern humans arose from simple geometry: As our faces became smaller in our evolution from archaic humans to today—in fact, our faces are roughly 15 percent shorter than Neanderthals'—the chin became a bony prominence, the adapted, pointy emblem at the bottom of our face.University of Iowa researchers find that we develop chins as our head size increases, from childhood to adulthood. At about 4 years of age (left), we have little indication of a chin, but by our 20s, we have
a prominent point at the bottom of our faces. Credit: Nathan Holton lab, University of Iowa"In short, we do not find any evidence that chins are tied to mechanical function and in some cases we find that chins are worse at resisting mechanical forces as we grow," says Holton, assistant professor and anthropologist in the Department of Orthodontics at the UI College of Dentistry. "Overall, this suggests that chins are unlikely related to the need to dissipate stresses and strains and that other explanations are more likely to be correct."More intriguing, UI anthropologists led by Robert Franciscus think the human chin is a secondary consequence of our lifestyle change, starting about 80,000 years ago and picking up great steam with modern humans' migration from Africa about 20,000 years later. What happened was this: Modern humans evolved from hunter-gatherer groups that were rather isolated from each other to increasingly cooperative groups that formed social networks across the landscape. These more connected groups appear to have enhanced the degree to which they expressed themselves in art and other symbolic mediums.Males in particular became more tranquil during this period, less likely to fight over territory and belongings, and more willing to make alliances, evidenced by exchanging goods and ideas, that benefited each and all.The change in attitude was tied to reduced hormone levels, namely testosterone, resulting in noticeable changes to the male craniofacial region: One big shift was the face became smaller—retrenching in effect—a physiological departure that created a natural opportunity for the human chin to emerge."What we're arguing is that modern humans had an advantage at some point to have a well-connected social network, they can exchange information, and mates, more readily, there's innovation," saysFranciscus, who was on the team that first laid out the theory in a paper published last August in the journal Current Anthropology and is a contributing author on the current paper, "and for that to happen, males have to tolerate each other. There had to be more curiosity and inquisitiveness than aggression, and the evidence of that lies in facial architecture."The new study buttresses that argument, in that it seems to rule out the chin arose from mechanical exertion, such as chewing.The researchers examined how the jaw region generally reacted to two forces—vertical bending and wishboning. In wishboning, one side of the jaw is pulled outward, resulting in compression in the outer part of the chin. In vertical bending, the ramus—the posterior more or less vertical part on each side of the lower jaw—splays outward, tensing the chin area. In both instances, the thinking went, the chin area is being mechanically stressed; on a microscopic level, new bone is being created, much like lifting weights creates little tears that allows new muscle to be created. Thus, arose the theory that mechanical forces, such as chewing, led to our chins.But in examinations from periodic measurements of participants' heads from 3 years of age to more than 20 years old, the UI researchers found no evidence that these imperceptible mechanical forces led to new bone in the chin region. Instead, they found nearly the opposite: Individuals with the most mechanical resistance had chins most similar to a 3 -or 4-year-old—meaning they didn't have much of a chin at all.What the researchers did notice is chin "growth" has more to do with how each feature in our face adapts as our head size increases, much like you'd fit individual pieces together in an expanding, shape-shifting, three-dimensional puzzle.Children,
for example, have flat, nearly imperceptible chins, much like what's seen in Neanderthals. That bony prominence only becomes visible as our heads and faces grow into adulthood."Our study suggests that chin prominence is unrelated to function," Holton says, "and probably has more to do with spatial dynamics during development."
B. 科学家和爱动物人士的争议
C.讲不同国家对肢体接触的接受程度3.完形填空讲美元汇率相关10'
4.作文学生减负的看法（400 words）40'
翻译基础
英译汉on poetry in its relation to our age and country节选
汉译英华为GIV2025年白皮书选段
原文：互联网和社交平台已逐渐成为大众获取信息的最主要平台，而对点击率的狂热追求，让新闻资讯APP上的新闻开始以博眼球、标题党等方式出现。

一些社交平台的新闻机构将某些吸引人的网络视频画面通过重新剪辑、拼接、改变视频码率等手段，配上吸引力十足的标题，炮制成“热搜'新闻，并打上原创标签。

而机器甚至通过对若干热词的集合，快速生成一篇所谓的“原创新闻"，在社交网络上大肆传播，这些都与传统新闻机构对于新闻准确性和写作质量的要求背道而驰，打击了那些真正追新闻真实、原创的新闻工作者的信心，造成劣币驱逐良币的恶劣效应，还可能导致读者因为越来越难获得真正高质量的资讯，而失去深刻思考的习惯和判断能力，最终没有人再关注真正的社会问题。

幸运的是, Al 技术能够有效识别不明来源的假新闻。

杜克大学实验室目前有100多家活跃的事实核查网站。

用户可以利用Al来查找“拼凑"或“二次加工"的新闻素材。

Al技术为每一个专业新闻工作者提供保障，鼓舞记者坚持新闻真实性，追求深度报道，思考并解决社会实际问题，让新闻产业得以健康发展。

译文：The Internet and social media platforms have become the main channels through which the public gets information. To attract views, the feeds of many news apps are filled with thin content with catchy titles – aka clickbait. Some outlets repost popular videos after stitching clips together and changing the file bitrates so that they won't be identified as duplicates or aggregated content. Content generation software can generate an "original" news report by combining popular content, and these news pieces usually have extensive reach. Such approaches undermine journalists who pursue authenticity and the creation of original articles, leading to high-quality content being sidelined by poor-quality clickbait. As a result, it’s harder for us to quickly find original, in-depth content and insights that feature a unique viewpoint. Moreover, the public may gradually lose its ability to make well-informed judgments and think critically if they’re overwhelmed by junk news feeds.
Fortunately, AI technology can address false news reports and stories from unknown sources. Duke Reporter's Lab maintains a database of over 100 fact-checking sites. Users can report fact-checks and use AI to check whether news pieces are copies or re-edited versions of other content. And leading Internet search engines are introducing functions that checks for copies in videos and news photos. Attempts at using AI to protect original journalism can encourage the healthy development of media outlets, and encourage journalists to focus on investigative articles and insights.
题外话：翻译基础这科是三科中最容易拉开差距、也是最难准备的一科。

同学们拿到宝贵的翻译真题，不仅要模拟考场环境练习，更要分析材料的出处，揣摩出题人的想法。

假设你是出题老师，你可能随手拿起案头的一本书摘取其中一段，也可能在感兴趣的学术期刊上摘录一篇，或是在看新闻时截取一段……去年的材料中所反映出的出题老师喜欢什么调调，对什么领域感兴趣，喜欢从哪里找材料，今年仍然可能延续哦。

第一篇英译节选自美国浪漫主义诗人威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特的散文《诗歌与我们的时代和国家的关系》，找这篇文章费了老大劲了，全网搜不到原文，只查到在一本书中有收录：
再一查译者夏济安来头不小，他的弟弟原来是发掘了沈从文、张爱玲等作家的著名文学评论家夏志清。

再看看这本书的目录是酱婶的：
好家伙都是名家名作啊。

选这篇文章作英译汉材料是不是因为出题老师正好有这本书呢？下次还会再从里面抽题吗？咱也不敢说，咱只知道这本书里的材料肯定都贼难，想考复旦英译汉至少得对标这个难度。

最后我在香港某大学的数据库里找到了这本书，但是没法下载只能在线浏览，所以只能截取这篇文章以截图形式呈现了，建议大家在电脑端观看。

再来说说汉译英，为何选了华为的一个技术文本呢？
请看一条旧闻：
首先，华为的翻译中心很厉害；其次，复旦外文学院和华为翻译中心保持着良好的合作关系，MTI的学生可以去华为实习，每一届都有一两个留用机会，据说薪资开得非常高哦。

这篇汉译英材料华为白皮书的翻译有可能就出自复旦毕业的学姐之手哦，刺不刺激。

百科知识与汉语写作
判断题5'*6
1.英国国歌是Jesus Christ Saves The Queen吗？✘解析：应该是God Save The Queen
2.英国最高权力机关是英国女王直接管理的枢密院吗？✘解析：应该是议会。

枢密院，正式全称为“女王陛下最尊贵的枢密院”（Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council），是英国君主的咨询机构。

它在以往具有十分大的权力，但今日只具有礼节性质。

3.林肯做过律师吗？✔解析：美国总统林肯确实做过律师。

1834年8月,25岁的林肯当选为州议员开始了自己的政治生涯，同时管理乡间邮政所,并在友人的帮助下钻研法律。

两年后,林肯通过自学成为一名律师。

1850年(41岁),美国的奴隶主势力大增,林肯退出国会,继续当律师。

4.罗斯福是共和党人吗？✘解析：罗斯福是民主党人
5.日本天皇加冕仪式“即位之礼”的祝贺御列之礼，是宴会吃饭吗？✘解析：指天皇和皇后两人乘坐敞篷车在从皇宫至赤坂御所的约 4.6公里路程进行巡游。

19年11月有新闻《日本举行天皇“祝贺御列之仪”“即位之礼”仪式全部完成》，此题应是考察时事与日本文化。

6. 莎士比亚的十四行诗是隔行押韵吗？✔解析：以最有名的十四行诗第18首为例来解释吧：Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'dBut thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growest:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this and this gives life to thee.
一首诗十四行，前十二行每四句是一个小节，称为四行体（quartrain），其中第一三、二四、五七、六八、九和十一、十和十二行结尾押韵，也就是所谓abab、cdcd和efef。

每四行内部押韵但韵脚不和其他小节重复，这种错开的是交韵（cross-rhyme）；最后两行叫做对句（couplet），结尾see、thee（you的古典写法）押韵，即为gg，是同韵（rhyming words）。

填空5'*61.春秋是由孔子编写，记录鲁国历史，终于—————春秋时期开始于公元前770年（周平王元年）周平王东迁东周开始的一年，止于公元前476年（周敬王四十四年），
2.明代把国都从南京迁到北京的皇帝的庙号是—————朱棣的庙号是太宗(嘉靖时改为“成祖”)
3.清高宗用来藏书画的叫————堂？清高宗即弘历乾隆帝，他的书房叫三希堂
4.摊丁入亩废除了什么税？摊丁入亩，又称作摊丁入地、地丁合一，中国封建社会后期赋役制度的一次重要改革，是清朝政府将历代相沿的丁银并入田赋征收的一种赋税制度，标志着中国实行两千多年人头税（丁税）的废除
5.奉天承运皇帝诏曰中的奉天承运在语法成分里属于什么?“奉天承运”是“皇帝”的修饰语，断句其实是这样：奉天承运皇帝/诏曰。

翻译成现代汉语就是“奉上天之命而承世运之道的皇帝，他下诏书说……”。

6.元朝“四等人制”把人分成四等，分别是蒙古人、色目人、汉人和—————南人第一等蒙古人为元朝的“国族”，蒙古统治者称之为“自家骨肉”。

享有各种特权第二等为色目人。

多西域人，部分契丹人被划入色目人。

第三等汉人，概指北方汉人和契丹﹑女真等族。

第四等南人，概指南方的汉人和少数民族。

大体是指原南宋统治下的汉族人。

选择5'*6
1.下面那个不是北斗星的名字？摇光，开阳等选项缺失。

大家记住北斗七星分别对应为天枢、天璇、天玑、天权、玉衡、开阳、摇光即可
2.上海第一高的楼上海中心大厦
3.高卢是现在那个国家？法国
4.《旧制度与大革命》的作者是法国历史学家托克维尔
5.最近一次诺贝尔经济学奖是因为啥贡献？2019诺贝尔经济学奖得主：扶贫实践惠及全球数亿人
6.A股非新上市的股票涨幅百分之几要停牌？10%（题外话：众所周知，大学士爱炒股）
大作文60'当前中国文学翻译质量堪忧，报酬过低，导致很多高素质翻译人才不想入行。

你是否同意这种看法？如果同意，请说明解决方法（1000字以上）
考情分析：与2019及更早年份相比，20复旦基础英语题型有变，主要是少了改错这一题型，这对非英专的同学们来说是一大喜讯，不用再练专八改错了，21年继续延续了20年的题型，即词汇语法+阅读+完型+作文。

坏消息是改错题的10分分值加到了词汇语法上，这部分由以往的10分升至20分，而这部分考的又是比较难的，看来同学们要更加努力地背GRE单词啦。

另外建议大家改错也要带着练练，万一22年又考了呢。

与19年的文言文翻译和翻译批评比起来，20年的翻译基础还算正常，只考了英汉汉英两个段子，英汉文学性很强，难度在我看来是比较高的。

汉英还算正常。

这方面的准备建议大家英译汉不要练的太简单，可以练习一些英美著名作家的散文。

除文中出现的那本书外，还推荐杨氏父子的《英美名篇选：杨岂深、杨自伍译文集》以及陆谷孙的《20篇英美现当代散文》。