初三英语语法串讲

▲ hero – heroes
tomato – tomatoes
potato – potatoes mosquito--mosquitoes
▲ bamboo – bamboos zoo – zoos radio –radios
photo – photos piano – pianos kilo – kilos
④引导 的状语从句
so that 为了= in order that ⑤结果状语
so that
so ……that such ……that
It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.
He is such a good student that we all like him. ⑥引导让步状语从句
6. 词尾变化 child – children ox -- oxen
7. 单复数同形
fish
deer
Chinese
Portuguese
sheep Japanese Vietnamese
只有复数形式的名词 clothes trousers glasses shorts pants (socks) compasses thanks scissors a pair of trousers a suit of clothes hair / fruit a few white hairs many juicy fruits
lots of much
some (any)
several
a few
a little
few
little
other
the other
others
the others
one…… the other(s) one…… another
some …… other
than any other + n.
each (各个)指两个或两个以上的人或物，强调 各个 every (每个)指三个或者三个以上的人或物，只能做定语. Every student in our class has a Chinese dictionary.
①时间状语从句
when, while, as, after, before, till, until, as soon as ②原因：because, as, since
since
③条件状语从句
if, unless
He will come if he is invited.
He will not come unless he is invited.
(三)名词所有格
1. + ’s my mother’s watch Tony’s mp4
2. ’ Teachers’ Day students’ books
3. Lily and Lucy’s bedroom Lily’s and Lucy’s desks Mary’s and Tom’s fathers
3. 有些抽象名词可以用复数形式来表示具体的 事物 difficulty – difficulties 困难
4. 姓氏 the Smiths = the Smith family
5. 量词 a kilo of a plate of a pair of a piece of a bag of a box of a basket of a bottle of a bowl of a box of oranges two baskets of apples
4. 以辅音 + “y”结尾
dry – drier – driest happy – happier –happiest
heavy early easy hungry tidy dirty ……
5. 双音节和多音节，加 more – most
6. 不规则 good – better– best well – better– best little – less – least bad – worse – worst badly – worse – worst ill – worse – worst many – more – most much – more – most far – farther – farthest far – further – furthest old –older –oldest old –elder –eldest
放在不定代词之后 Do you have anything new to tell us? I want to give my friends something nice to eat.
比较级
1. 规则变化
er, ow, ure, le
tall – taller – tallest small – smaller – smallest
基数词可以和名词组成形容词，但名词要用单数 a five-year-old boy an 800-meter-long bridge 表示时间，序数词的前面一般情况下要加“the”
表示偏号 Lesson One （1）= the first lesson Picture Two （2）= the second picture Bus No.3 = the No.3 bus Room 302 1/3 one third 2/3 two-thirds 2（2/3） two and two-thirds 1/4 a quarter 3/4 three-quarters
5. 不规则变化 man – men woman – women foot – feet tooth – teeth mouse – mice goose – geese policeman – policemen Englishwoman – Englishwomen German-Germans human-humans gentleman – gentlemen a man driver – men drivers a woman doctor – women doctors
video – videos studio – studios zero –zeros (zeroes)
3. 以辅字母+y 结尾的名词，把 “y”变为“i” 再加“-es”
city – cities country – countries
以元音字母+ “y” 结尾的名词，直接加
boy – boys
one
ones
both neither
all
none
many much
too many + (c) n.
too much + (u) n. much too +adj.
sometime
some time
sometimes
some times
adv. too either also
a lot of many
in hospital ≠
in the hospital
at table
≠
at the table
over through across
Conj.
and, but, so, or
both……and
and ……both
neither……nor
either……or
not only……but also
although though X but because X so
Prep.
in / on
in the wall
in the tree
on the wall
on the tree
in front of ≠
in the front of
on a cold winter morning
on his birthday
in 在将来时的用法 in, on, to 的方位用法
map – maps teacher – teachers
2. 以字母s, x, ss, o, ch, sh结尾的单词，加“es”
bus – buses
box – boxes
glass – glasses watch – watches
brush – brushes
ch – [k] stomach – stomachs
Each of them has been there.
either……or 构成连词 He is either Japanese or Chinese. neither……nor Neither you nor he is a worker.
数词
1– 100 first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, hundredth 132 one hundred and thirty-second hundreds of (thousands of / millions of / billions of )
though although even if if 和 whether 引导宾语从句
Adj. & adv.
the old, the young, the rich, the poor 顺序：冠词（包括物主代词，序数词，基数词)--
描绘性形容词（brave, beautiful）→ 表示形 状（大小，长短，高矮）的形容词→表年 龄，同一类的，次序音节少的词在前 a tall, good-looking man a blank and white TV set
初三英语串讲
一 名词
名词
普通名词
专有名词 Tom, China, the Changjiang River
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词 people, family,
class
物质名词 water, milk
抽象名词 happiness, imagination
(一)可数名词
1. 一般情况下，直接加“s”
day – days
monkey – monkeys
4. 以“f” 或“fe”结尾的单词，把“f” 或者“fe” 变成 “v”再加“es”
thief – thieves knife – knives
leaf – leaves half – halves self – selves
▲ roof – roofs c单复数形式分别表示不同的意义 time – times 次数，时代，倍 wood – woods 森林 work – works 工厂，著作 paper – papers 卷子 green – greens 蔬菜
2. 有些物质名字在表示不同类别的时候可用复数 tea – teas 各种茶 fruit – fruits 各种水果 fish – fishes 各种鱼
4. Women’s Day Children’s Palace 5. 双重所有格
a friend of mine a child of theirs 6. 无生命的用of,但表示时间，距离，集体，城市，国家等也可用’s
today’s newspaper ten minutes’ walk 7. 特殊用法
We have never seen such a tall building. same: Whether he can do it or not, it is all the same to me. He dived. I did the same.(宾语)
（三）不定代词
some any some 一般用于肯定句和征求对方意见的句型 any 多用于疑问，否定或条件句 Ask me if you have any questions. I don’t know any of the students. I don’t know some of the students.(部分否定) 这些学生中有些我不认识 any 用于肯定句表示“任何” You can take any of them.
2. 开音节
brave – braver – bravest nice – nicer – nicest
(tired, pleased, right, real, glad等加more, most)
3. 闭音节
big – bigger – biggest thin – thinner – thinnest
the answer to the question the key to the box the way to school
代词
（一）人称代词表 （二）指示代词
this that these those such same such / quite / rather such: such was the story