Quality standardization (质量标准综述)

Quality standardization
Background
Standardization is the process of developing and implementing technical standards andvital in creating and sustaining quality，which can help to maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability. And then also facilitate commoditization of formerly custom processes.Standards are applied to many materials (e.g. paint), products (e.g. hair dryers), methods (e.g. wiring a house), and services (e.g. travel information). They simplify aspects of our lives and increase the reliability and the effectiveness of the goods and services we use.Quality is the extent to which a user’s needs and expectations are met. To protect our consumers, establishing ‘fitness for purpose’is crucial for many products e.g. a medical dressing.In China a level of quality is achieved by an organization’s compliance with an acceptable standard for the product, and also compliance with another standard for the organization’s effective quality management system that ensures consistent achievement throughout its production processes.Quality standardization was firstformed in the Industrial Revolution, and then became highly important in different aspects. In 1800, Henry Maudslay developed screw-cutting lathe, which allowed for the standardization of screw thread sizes for the first time. This was a major advance in workshop technology.
Category
Nowtodays, quality standardization had grouped two groups. First one: national quality standardization,it was widely adopted in other countries. Such as Joseph Whitworth’s screw thread measurements were adopted as the first (unofficial) national standard by companies around the country in 1841. In that time, some companies' in-house standards spread a bit within their industries.The national standards were adopted universally throughout the country, and enabled the markets
to act more rationally and efficiently, with an increased level of cooperation.The world's first national standards body is Engineering Standards Committee, which as established in London in 1901. And then became the British Engineering Standards Association in 1918 with extended its standardization work. In 1931, it was adopted the name British Standards Institution after receiving its Royal Charter in 1929. similar national bodies were established in other countries after the First World War, such as The DeutschesInstitutfürNormung, the American National Standard Institute and the French Commission Permanente de Standardisation.
Second one: international quality standardization, it was widely adopted in all over world. For example, in the early 20th century, the large range of different standards and systems used by electrical engineering companies. Many companies had entered the market in the 1890s and all chose their own settings for voltage, frequency, current and even the symbols used on circuit diagrams.Crompton could see the lack of efficiency in this system and began to consider proposals for an international standard for electric engineering.By 1906 his work was complete and he drew up a permanent constitution for the first international standards organization, the International Electrotechnical Commission.In general, each country or economy has a single recognized National Standards Body (NSB). Examples include ABNT, AENOR, AFNOR, ANSI, BSI, DGN likely the sole member from that economy in ISO.
Benefits
Quality standardization relate both to products and to management systems. Everyone benefits from standard setting and their benefits are inter-related. Standards create clarity and certainty and remove confusion. It lead to businesses become key beneficiaries. Because it helps businesses to be commercially viable. Standardized products and parts reduce design, production, warehousing and distribution costs. It is reassuring. Consumers know they can believe the claims that producers make for
them, which conform to certain standards in order to be put on sale. And then it is protective and helps businesses to be cost effective and time efficient. Meanwhile, quality standardizationcan be used asfact standards which means they are followed by informal convention or dominant usage. As jure standards which are part of legally binding contracts, laws or regulations. As voluntary standards which are published and available for people to consider for use.
Safety
Main mission of setting of quality standardization is to make sure consumer safety. For example, opening wine bottles safely has become a higher priority. so BGMChelped to create a set of guidelines for the design of a cork removal device for wine bottles. It make sure that the operation can be carried out safely. In addition, several standards for the manufacture of different glass bottles were established.Under UK legislation, standards are a good way for manufacturers to comply with European Union Directives, such as the Directive for electrical equipment.
Reference
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