高考英语一轮复习-北师大版必修五Unit 13 People核心词汇短语句式归纳拓展

Unit 13 People核心词汇短语句式归纳拓展
account vt.认为是；视为；总计有
n．说明；理由；账目；报道
[高考佳句]
They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets when assessing the impact of deals.
在评价交易影响的时候，他们现在需要把公司的资产数据也考虑进去。

[用法归纳]
account for 说明(原因等)；作出解释；占……比例
on account of 由于，因为
on no account 决不(放在句首时，句子倒装)
take account of/take...into account(＝take...into consideration) 考虑……
[典例展示]
①The gene they discovered today doesn't account for all those cases.
他们现在发现的基因无法解释所有的病例。

②We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.
由于天气不好，我们将启程的时间推迟了。

③On no account will you tell him about our plan.
你决不能把我们的计划告诉他。

[一句多译]
票房收入的上升有许多因素。

①(普通表达)There are a number of factors for the increase in the box-office income.
②(高级表达)A number of factors can account for the increase in the box-office income.
accuse vt.控告，谴责
[教材原句]
Accused of stealing money，the man was brought to court.
那个人因被指控偷了钱而被带上法庭。

[用法归纳]
accuse sb. of (doing) sth.＝charge sb. with (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而指责某人
the accused 被告
[典例展示]
①The neighbour who was once charged with attempted murder accused me of playing(play) my radio too loudly.
曾经被指控谋杀未遂的邻居指责我把收音机声音开得太大。

②The accused (accuse) got what they deserved.
被告罪有应得。

can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事
[教材原句]
I couldn't help laughing at this and I invited her back to my apartment for a quick cup of tea.我禁不住笑了起来，并邀请她到我的公寓里来喝杯茶。

[用法归纳]
can't help/choose but do... 不得不做……
can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事
can't help oneself 忍不住，无法控制自己
can't help it 不是某人的过错；是没有办法的事
it can't be helped 实在没办法；无法避免
[典例展示]
①She couldn't help herself and burst into tears.
她无法控制自己，突然大哭起来。

②She could not help it if her emotions took charge of her.
如果她情绪失控，那也不能怪她。

③The last bus left.We could not choose but walk (walk) home.
最后一班公共汽车走了。

我们不得不步行回家。

concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)
[经典例句]
Adrian was finding it difficult to concentrate.
艾德里安觉得自己很难集中注意力。

[用法归纳]
(1)concentrate...on/upon (doing) sth.把……专注于某事
concentrate on/upon... 专注于……
(2)concentration n. 专心；集中
[典例展示]
①Many media in China concentrated their attention on the explosion of Tianjin.
中国许多媒体把注意力集中在天津爆炸案上。

②When you concentrate on one task，you can find you have energy that you didn't even know you had.
当你集中于一项任务时，你会发现你拥有甚至自己都不知道的能量。

③There is a great need for greater concentration (concentrate) on environmental issues.
[一句多译]
更多的关注环境问题是非常有必要的。

(普通表达)He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice my appearance.
①(高级表达)With his mind concentrated on his work，he didn't notice my appearance. (用with复合结构改写)
②(高级表达)His mind concentrated on his work，he didn't notice my appearance.(用独立主格结构改写)
deserve vt.值得；应得；应受
[高考佳句]
These patients deserve a chance at a normal，happy future and they rely on the kindness of strangers to make that happen.
这些患者值得拥有一个正常、快乐、幸福的未来，他们依靠陌生人的好心实现它。

[用法归纳]
deserve to do 应该做……；值得做……
deserve to be done ＝deserve doing……值得被做
deserve consideration/attention
值得考虑/注意
[典例展示]
①It's true that she made a mistake but she hardly deserves to lose her job.
她的确犯了错，但她不应该被解雇。

②It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to be
respected(respect)．
正是那些甘愿奉献而不索取的人才应受到尊敬。

③With many wild animals gradually dying out ，the present situation deserves
attention(attent)．
许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得注意。

[一句多译]
莫振高，这位善良的、忠诚的中国教师，被授予2016年“感动中国十大人物”这
一荣誉是值得的。

Mo Zhen'gao ，the kind and devoted Chinese teacher ，was worthwhile to be honored
one of “the Ten Moving China Persons” of the year 2016.
→Mo Zhen'gao ，the kind and devoted Chinese teacher ，deserved to be honored one of
“the Ten Moving China Persons” of the year 2016.
desire n ．渴望，欲望 v ．期望，渴望
[教材原句]
Tour guides need to be independent ，outgoing and have a desire to share information.
导游需是独立的、外向的并有分享信息的意愿。

[用法归纳]
(1)have a strong desire ⎩⎨⎧to do sth.迫切想要做某事for sth.急于想得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望……
[典例展示]
①We desire that immediate help (should) be given to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
我们渴望给予那些被洪水围困的当地村民们即刻的救援。

②He has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times.
尽管他失败了多次，但是他仍然渴望成功。

[一句多译]
她迫切地想拜访那位著名作家。

①She has a strong desire to visit the famous writer.(desire n．)
②She desires to visit the famous writer.(desire vt.)
devote vt.献身于；专心于
[高考佳句]
Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.
邻居们奉献了他们的空闲时间去帮助他人做重建工作。

[用法归纳]
(1)devote oneself to sth./doing sth.献身于……；致力于……
devote one's life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth.
把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于做某事
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于；奉献于做某事
(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
[典例展示]
①Her son，to whom she is (so) devoted，went abroad last year，leaving her alone in the small village.
她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。

②Devoted (devote) to the study of science，she had little time to take care of her children.
她献身于科学研究几乎没有时间照看自己的孩子。

③The dog had such devotion (devote) to its master that it would not leave him，even when he was dead.
这只狗对它的主人是如此的忠诚，甚至当他死了它也不愿离开。

end up结果为……；以……结束
[经典例句]
He'll end up in prison if he's not careful.
如果他不小心，最后会锒铛入狱的。

[用法归纳]
end up doing sth. 以……结束/告终
end up with... 以……而结束
end up as... 结果成为(职位)
[典例展示]
①And whatever they end up doing，they will be teaching themselves a great deal.
无论他们做什么，最终都会受益匪浅。

②The party ended up with a pop song.
聚会最后以一首流行歌曲结束。

③Joining the firm as a clerk，he got rapid promotion，and ended up as a manager. 成为这家公司的职员后，他升职很快，最终成为一名经理。

in terms of就某事来说，从某个角度来看
[教材原句]
Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person's EQ，especially in terms of “people skills”，such as understanding and communication.
有些(科学家)正在尝试研究改善一个人的EQ的可能性，特别是在“人际方面”，例如理解能力和交际能力。

[用法归纳]
come to terms with 达成协议；和好；接受；适应
be on good/bad terms 关系良好/不好
in the long/short term/run 就长远/短期而言
[典例展示]
①The country is very poor and it has to come to terms with the neighbouring countries.
这个国家很穷，它不得不与邻国和解。

②The company's prospects look good in the long term.
从长远看，这家公司前途无量。

judge n．裁判，法官vt.评判；判断；审判；判决
[经典例句]
I am in no position to judge whether what she is doing is right or wrong.
我无权评判她在做的事是对是错。

[用法归纳]
(1)judge...by/from 从……判断，按照……判断
judging from/by... 根据……判断
(2)judgement n. 判断力，意见；判决，宣判
in one's judgement 依某人看来
[典例展示]
①Judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.
从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。

②In my judgement(judge)，all of them are to blame.
依我看，他们所有的人都应受到责备。

(教材P11)I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.我真的不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。

[用法归纳]
句中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的宾语从句。

(1)英语中，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like，enjoy，love，have，dislike，
appreciate，prefer等接when/if引导的从句作宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在it之后。

(2)类似的用法还有see to it that...“务必”；depend on it that...“依赖/相信”；take it for granted that...“认为……是理所当然的”等。

[典例展示]
①I would appreciate it if you could teach me how to use the computer.
如果你能教我怎样使用电脑的话，我会非常感激。

②I'd prefer it if I didn't have to do so much work.
要是我不必做那么多工作就太好了。

③I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
我讨厌人们说话时满嘴食物。

④You can not depend on it that they will do loads of work.
你不可以相信他们会做大量的工作。

(教材P13)Perhaps the postcode was wrong，and that's why the letter never arrived. 可能邮政编码错了，那就是信一直未收到的原因。

[用法归纳]
(1)句中that's why...为固定表达，意为“那就是……的原因”，其中why引导表语从句，该句型强调结果。

(2)That's because...“那是因为……”，because也引导表语从句，但该句型强调原因。

[典例展示]
①This is why you're saving my life.
这就是为什么你会救我的命。

②We didn't lend him money.That's because we are not too familiar with him.
我们没借给他钱是因为我们对他不是很熟悉。

[一句多译]
那就是他迟到的原因：他生病了。

That he was late for school is because he was ill.
→The reason why he was late for school is that he was ill.。