高中英语真题-2016高考英语(二轮)阅读理解选练(2)

2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解选练（2）
阅读理解。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和
D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, tim e and effort be spent exploring and researching something wit h so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent o n space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? Thes e are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and en vironments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring spa ce is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible. Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified
and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its e ffects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential(潜在
的) resources to be found.Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques ha ve been acquired through exploration. The techniques may ha ve medical applications which can improve the length or qualit y of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin－offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satell ites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even nonstick pans and mirrored sunglasses are byproducts(副产品) of technological developments in the space industry! While many resources are spent on what seems a small retur n, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intellige nt members of our species to focus on what may serve to sav e us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human b eings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the
adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other pla nets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human li fe and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in t he future.
1．Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?
A．To express his doubts.
B．To compare different ideas.
C．To introduce points for discussion.
D．To describe the conditions on Earth.
2．What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragrap h 2?
A．Humans are nature－born to do so.
B．Humans have the tendency to fight.
C．Humans may find new sources of food.
D．Humans don’t like to stay in the same place.
3．The underlined word “spin－
offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ________.
A．survival chances B．potential resources C．unexpected benefits D．physical possessions 4．What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets
?
A．Our genetic makeup.
B．Resources on the earth.
C．The adaptive ability of humans.
D．Byproducts in space exploration.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇议论文，向我们阐述了人类进行太空探索的原因。

人类的基因构成决定了人类探索其他领域包括太空的能力。

人类探索太空可能暂时没有多大用处，但是在将来这可能会帮助人类生存下去。

1．解析：选C。

推理判断题。

作者在第一段提出问题目的是引出下面要讨论的话题。

2．解析：选 A。

细节理解题。

根据第二段的第一句可知人类探索太空的原因是其基因的构成。

3．解析：选 C。

词义猜测题。

后面所说的
“improvements in earthquake prediction，
in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications sy stems”可知此处的划线短语意为“益处，好处”。

4．解析：选C。

细节理解题。

根据最后一段的第一句话可知，人类的适应能力会让人类在其他星球生存下去。

社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2012浙江瑞安高三五月模拟)改编
When Chinese student Du Juan brought her American boyfrie nd home two years ago to use the toilet,her Japanese roomm ate became so upset that she shouted in English: “I hate you.”Du,then 21 and an undergraduate at Bridgewater State Colleg e in ,was shocked.So was her boyfriend.
“Later I realized that she didn’t literally mean what she said an d that she was not aware of the full meaning of the word ‘hate’in English,” said Du.“It was more a problem with translation,” s he added.
Cultural differences can cause confusion about what words or even actions mean,an issue that has come to the forefront re cently following the arrest of a Chinese doctoral degree stude nt in .
Zhai Tiantian,who studied at the Stevens Institute of Technolo gy,has been accused of trying to set fire to a campus building and of making threats to a professor who gave him a low mar k.No physical altercation took place but Zhai reportedly said s omething along the lines of “at worst,I will risk anything on the line.” The professor called the campus police.
According to the indictment sheet(起诉
书),Zhai is facing the serious charge of making a terroristic thr eat.
For a few days,Chinese media mistranslated,or misunderstoo
d th
e charges and reported that Zhai was being charged with t errorism.
Some language experts have speculated(推
测)that the disagreement between Zhai and the professor can also be chalked up to cultural and linguistic differences.“What Chinese people regard as acceptable speeches may be rega rded by Americans as threats,” said Luo Gang,the Chinese C onsulate’s Overseas Chinese Affairs consul.“This is an unfort unate incident.Even though Zhai intended no harm,he has do ne himself a great deal of harm.”
Du,now 23,said she supports Zhai’s actions in fighting to save his academic career,but added he needs to learn more about communication in a foreign language.
“Chinese students in a foreign country must prepare more in t erms of languages and conversation skills to avoid misunders tandings,” she said.
1.What does the underlined word “altercation” mean?( )
A.fight
B.check
cation
D.experiment
2.By saying “It was more a problem with translation”,what doe s Du Juan mean?( )
A.Translation was not the real problem,as Du Juan and her ro
ommate can both speak English.
B.Du Juan can not understand what her roommate meant at a ll.
C.Her roommate didn’t know what “hate”really means in daily conversation.
D.Her roommate spoke such poor English that she felt angry.
3.Which of the following statements about Zhai Tiantian is tru e?( )
A.He set fire to a campus building.
B.He argued with a professor because he received a low mar k.
C.He has received a doctor’s degree at the Stevens Institute of Technology.
D.He is facing a serious charge because he murdered the pro fessor.
4.What is the main idea of the passage?( )
A.Du Jua n’s unpleasant experience abroad.
B.Confusion caused by translation.
C.Conversational skills in a foreign country.
D.Cultural differences between China and .
语篇解读:文化差异会给身在国外的中国人带来很多不便,甚至
麻烦和危险,所以出国求学的中国学生在出国前一定要多了解一下中外之间的文化差异。

答案及剖析:1.A 词义猜测题。

由第五段的描述可知,翟田田虽然没有和老师发生身体的冲突,但是他说了老师认为具有威胁性的话,故A项正确。

2.C 句意猜测题。

由第三段
的...she didn’t literally mean what she said and that she was n ot aware of the full meaning of the word ‘hate’in English可知,那位日本姑娘没有意识到hate在英语中的真正含义,故选C 项。

3.B 细节理解题。

由第五段
的...making threats to a professor who gave him a low mark 可知B项正确。

由第五段
的...trying to set fire to a campus building可排除A项;由第五段的...who studied at the Stevens Institute of Technology可排除C项;由第五段的No physical altercation took place...可排除D项。

4.B 主旨大意题。

全文用几个例子表明了由于文化差异而导致的语言翻译的混乱和麻烦,故选B项。

【疑难词汇解读】
1.undergraduate n.(未获学士学位的)大学生
adj.大学生(身份)的
Most of them are still undergraduate students.
他们大多还是在读的大学生。

2.terroristic adj.恐怖主义的,暴力主义的
Subway is faced with the terroristic threat of various forms.
地铁面临着多种形式的恐怖威胁。

【长难句子分析】
翟田田,就读于史蒂文思理工学院,被指控试图放火烧校园大楼和威胁给他低分的教授。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

In March 2008，
Joe Ryan got a notice from a billing agency for a hospital near Denver, Colorado. The hospital wanted payment for surgery t otaling $ 41,188. Ryan had never set foot in that hospital. Obv iously there was some mistake. “I thought it was a joke,” says Ryan.
But when he called the billing agency，
nobody laughed. Someone, who ’ s also named Joe Ryan, usi ng Ryan's Social Security number, had indeed been admitted for surgery. He figured clearing this up would take a just few p hone calls.
Two years later, Ryan continues to suffer from the damage to his credit rating and still doesn’t know if his medical record ha s been cleared of wrong information.
Joe Ryan was the victim of a little-
known but frightening type of consumer cheating that is on th e rise：
medical identity theft, which involves using your name to get d rugs, expensive medical treatment and even cheating insuran ce payments.
As Ryan discovered, money isn ’ t the half of it. When someo ne steals your name to receive health care, his medical histor y becomes part of your record—
and setting the record straight can be extremely difficult. That ’ s because，in part，
the information is handed out among dozens of care-givers, from doctors to medicine stores to insurance compani es and labs.
"I wanted to help straighten this out,” says Ryan, ‘‘so I went to
the hospital, and they had a three-inch-
thick record for me, but they wouldn' t let me see it. I showed t hem my ID, and they said that’ s not Joe Ryan’ s signature. W ell, of course not! They had this other guy ’ s signature. ”Ryan had fallen into a victim’ s Catch-
22： If your record doesn’ t appear to be yours, you may not have the right to read it, much less change it.
Ryan' s next step was a visit to the police department. But the police said that there was not much they could do, that the lo cal law enforcement has little experience with medical ID theft , and cases like this can end up being considered a civil matte r.
1. The billing agency sent Joe Ryan a notice to _______.
A. play a joke on him for medical treatment
B. inform him of the payment for his surgery
C. correct the mistakes about payment for his surgery
D. clear up the wrong information in his medical record
答案解析：答案为B。

本题为细节题。

由第一
段“In March 2008，
Joe Ryan got a notice from a billing agency for a hospital near Denver, Colorado. The hospital wanted payment for surgery t
otaling $ 41,188.”可知，the billing agency 通知Joe Ryan支付手术费用41,188美元，故答案为B。

2. Joe Ryan at first thought his problem was _________.
A. easy to settle
B. difficult to settle
C. impossible to solve
D. unnecessary to solve 答案解析：答案为A。

本题为细节推理题。

由第二
段“He figured clearing this up would take a just few phone cal ls.”可知，Joe Ryan刚开始认为只要打几个电话就可以解决问题，故答案为A。

3. The number of medical identity theft cases in the is ______ _.
A. increasing
B. decreasing
C. countable
D. changeable
答案解析：答案为A。

本题为细节题。

由第四段首
句“Joe Ryan was the victim of a little-
known but frightening type of consumer cheating that is on th e rise：medical identity theft…”可知，医疗身份盗窃在美国正在增加，故答案为A。

4. An even worse consequence of medical ID theft is _______ _.
A. some trouble in obtaining insurance payment
B. a big loss of money and damage to credit rating
C. the widely spread medical information of the victim
D. the difficulty in changing the wrong medical history
答案解析：答案为C。

本题为推理题。

由第五段可知，当别人盗用了你的名字来享受医疗服务后，他的医疗史就成为了你的医疗史，并且清除这些错误记录极其困难，因为你的信息已经给了许多照料者，包括医生、药店、保险公司和实验室。

因此，医疗身份盗窃更糟糕的结果是受害者的医疗信息到处传播。

故答案为C。

干扰项最强的D选项“改变错误的医疗史非常困难”只是医疗身份盗窃的一个直接结果，但不是更糟糕的，因此排除D选项。

2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解选练（2）阅读理解。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent o n space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understan dably, are very often asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构
成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and o n into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its
chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to e xpand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surro unding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential(潜在
的) resources to be found.Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques h ave been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin－offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting an d in communications systems. Even nonstick pans and mirrored sunglasses are byproducts(副产品) of technological developments in the space industry!
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allo ws creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to sav e us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was forme d or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human b eings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans wo uld allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human li fe and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
1．Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?
A．To express his doubts.
B．To compare different ideas.
C．To introduce points for discussion.
D．To describe the conditions on Earth.
2．What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph 2?
A．Humans are nature－born to do so.
B．Humans have the tendency to fight.
C．Humans may find new sources of food.
D．Humans don’t like to stay in the same place.
3．The underlined word “spin－offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ________. A．survival chances B．potential resources
C．unexpected benefits D．physical possessions
4．What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?
A．Our genetic makeup.
B．Resources on the earth.
C．The adaptive ability of humans.
D．Byproducts in space exploration.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇议论文，向我们阐述了人类进行太空探索的原因。

人类的基因构成决定了人类探索其他领域包括太空的能力。

人类探索太空可能暂时没有多大用处，但是在将来这可能会帮助人类生存下去。

1．解析：选C。

推理判断题。

作者在第一段提出问题目的是引出下面要讨论的话题。

2．解析：选 A。

细节理解题。

根据第二段的第一句可知人类探索太空的原因是其基因的构成。

3．解析：选 C。

词义猜测题。

后面所说的“improvements in earthquake prediction，
in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems”可知此处的划线短语意为“益处，好处”。

4．解析：选C。

细节理解题。

根据最后一段的第一句话可知，人类的适应能力会让人类在其他星球生存下去。

社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2012浙江瑞安高三五月模拟)改编
When Chinese student Du Juan brought her American boyfriend home two years ago to use the toilet,her Japanese roommate became so upset that she shouted in English: “I hate you.”Du,then 21 and an undergraduate at Bridgewater State College in ,was shocked.So was her boyfriend.
“Later I realized that she didn’t literally mean what she said and that she was not aware of th e full meaning of the word ‘hate’in English,” said Du.“It was more a problem with translation,”she added.
Cultural differences can cause confusion about what words or even actions mean,an issue th at has come to the forefront recently following the arrest of a Chinese doctoral degree studen
t in .
Zhai Tiantian,who studied at the Stevens Institute of Technology,has been accused of trying t o set fire to a campus building and of making threats to a professor who gave him a low mark .No physical altercation took place but Zhai reportedly said something along the lines of “at w orst,I will risk anything on the line.” The professor called the campus police.
According to the indictment sheet(起诉
书),Zhai is facing the serious charge of making a terroristic threat.
For a few days,Chinese media mistranslated,or misunderstood the charges and reported that Zhai was being charged with terrorism.
Some language experts have speculated(推
测)that the disagreement between Zhai and the professor can also be chalked up to cultural and linguistic differences.“What Chinese people regard as acceptable speeches may be rega rded by Americans as threats,” said Luo Gang,the Chinese Consulate’s Overseas Chinese A ffairs consul.“This is an unfortunate incident.Even though Zhai intended no harm,he has don e himself a great deal of harm.”
Du,now 23,said she supports Zhai’s actions in fighting to save his academic career,but adde d he needs to learn more about communication in a foreign language.
“Chinese students in a foreign country must prepare more in terms of languages and convers ation skills to avoid misunderstandings,” she said.
1.What does the underlined word “altercation” mean?( )
A.fight
B.check
cation
D.experiment
2.By saying “It was more a problem with translation”,what does Du Juan mean?( )
A.Translation was not the real problem,as Du Juan and her roommate can both speak Englis h.
B.Du Juan can not understand what her roommate meant at all.
C.Her roommate didn’t know what “hate”really means in daily conversation.
D.Her roommate spoke such poor English that she felt angry.
3.Which of the following statements about Zhai Tiantian is true?( )
A.He set fire to a campus building.
B.He argued with a professor because he received a low mark.
C.He has received a doctor’s degree at the Stevens Institute of Technology.
D.He is facing a serious charge because he murdered the professor.
4.What is the main idea of the passage?( )
A.Du Juan’s unpleasant experience abroad.
B.Confusion caused by translation.
C.Conversational skills in a foreign country.
D.Cultural differences between China and .
语篇解读:文化差异会给身在国外的中国人带来很多不便,甚至麻烦和危险,所以出国求学的中国学生在出国前一定要多了解一下中外之间的文化差异。

答案及剖析:1.A 词义猜测题。

由第五段的描述可知,翟田田虽然没有和老师发生身体的冲突,但是他说了老师认为具有威胁性的话,故A项正确。

2.C 句意猜测题。

由第三段
的...she didn’t literally mean what she said and that she was not aware of the full meaning of the word ‘hate’in English可知,那位日本姑娘没有意识到hate在英语中的真正含义,故选C 项。

3.B 细节理解题。

由第五段的...making threats to a professor who gave him a low mark可知B项正确。

由第五段的...trying to set fire to a campus building可排除A项;由第五段的...who studied at the Stevens Institute of Technology可排除C项;由第五段的
No physical altercation took place...可排除D项。

4.B 主旨大意题。

全文用几个例子表明了由于文化差异而导致的语言翻译的混乱和麻烦,故选B项。

【疑难词汇解读】
1.undergraduate n.(未获学士学位的)大学生
adj.大学生(身份)的
Most of them are still undergraduate students.
他们大多还是在读的大学生。

2.terroristic adj.恐怖主义的,暴力主义的
Subway is faced with the terroristic threat of various forms.
地铁面临着多种形式的恐怖威胁。

【长难句子分析】
翟田田,就读于史蒂文思理工学院,被指控试图放火烧校园大楼和威胁给他低分的教授。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

In March 2008，
Joe Ryan got a notice from a billing agency for a hospital near Denver, Colorado. The hospit al wanted payment for surgery totaling $ 41,188. Ryan had never set foot in that hospital. Ob viously there was some mistake. “I thought it was a joke,” says Ryan.
But when he called the billing agency，
nobody laughed. Someone, who ’ s also named Joe Ryan, using Ryan's Social Security num ber, had indeed been admitted for surgery. He figured clearing this up would take a just few p hone calls.
Two years later, Ryan continues to suffer from the damage to his credit rating and still doesn’t know if his medical record has been cleared of wrong information.
Joe Ryan was the victim of a little-
known but frightening type of consumer cheating that is on the rise：
medical identity theft, which involves using your name to get drugs, expensive medical treat ment and even cheating insurance payments.
As Ryan discovered, money isn ’ t the half of it. When someone steals your name to receive health care, his medical history becomes part of your record—
and setting the record straight can be extremely difficult. That ’ s because，in part，
the information is handed out among dozens of care-
givers, from doctors to medicine stores to insurance companies and labs.
"I wanted to help straighten this out,” says Ryan, ‘‘so I went to the hospital, and they had a th ree-inch-
thick record for me, but they wouldn' t let me see it. I showed them my ID, and they said that’s not Joe Ryan’ s signature. Well, of course not! They had this other guy ’ s signature. ”Ryan had fallen into a victim’ s Catch-
22： If your record doesn’ t appear to be yours, you may not have the right to read it, much l
ess change it.
Ryan' s next step was a visit to the police department. But the police said that there was not much they could do, that the local law enforcement has little experience with medical ID theft, and cases like this can end up being considered a civil matter.
1. The billing agency sent Joe Ryan a notice to _______.
A. play a joke on him for medical treatment
B. inform him of the payment for his surgery
C. correct the mistakes about payment for his surgery
D. clear up the wrong information in his medical record
答案解析：答案为B。

本题为细节题。

由第一段“In March 2008，
Joe Ryan got a notice from a billing agency for a hospital near Denver, Colorado. The hospit al wanted payment for surgery totaling $ 41,188.”可知，the billing agency 通知Joe Ryan支付手术费用41,188美元，故答案为B。

2. Joe Ryan at first thought his problem was _________.
A. easy to settle
B. difficult to settle
C. impossible to solve
D. unnecessary to solve
答案解析：答案为A。

本题为细节推理题。

由第二
段“He figured clearing this up would take a just few phone calls.”可知，Joe Ryan刚开始认为只要打几个电话就可以解决问题，故答案为A。

3. The number of medical identity theft cases in the is _______.
A. increasing
B. decreasing
C. countable
D. changeable
答案解析：答案为A。

本题为细节题。

由第四段首句“Joe Ryan was the victim of a little-known but frightening type of consumer cheating that is on the rise：medical identity theft…”可知，医疗身份盗窃在美国正在增加，故答案为A。

4. An even worse consequence of medical ID theft is ________.
A. some trouble in obtaining insurance payment
B. a big loss of money and damage to credit rating
C. the widely spread medical information of the victim
D. the difficulty in changing the wrong medical history
答案解析：答案为C。

本题为推理题。

由第五段可知，当别人盗用了你的名字来享受医疗服务后，他的医疗史就成为了你的医疗史，并且清除这些错误记录极其困难，因为你的信息已经给了许多照料者，包括医生、药店、保险公司和实验室。

因此，医疗身份盗窃更糟糕的结果是受害者的医疗信息到处传播。

故答案为C。

干扰项最强的D选项“改变错误的医疗史非常困难”只是医疗身份盗窃的一个直接结果，但不是更糟糕的，因此排除D选项。