选修六M5课时讲义

选修六M5课时讲义
外研版选修六M5课时讲义
课堂导入
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

1．While ________ (study) at university, he discovers the secret of how to create life.
答案：studying
2．However, the monster, ________ has learnt to speak, is intelligent and has human emotions.
答案：who
3．________ the end of the story, the monster disappears into the ice and snow ________ (end) his own life.
答案：At; to end
4．It was on a cold November night ________ I saw my creation for the first time.
答案：that
agreed.
答案：that
知识讲解
1beneficial adj.有益的；有用的
Do you think cloning may be beneficial/ helpful to humans？(P61)
你认为克隆对人类有益吗？
(1)be beneficial to＝be of benefit to
对……有利/有益处
(2)benefit v. 有利于；受益；获利n. 益处；好处
benefit sb./sth. 对某人/物有益
benefit from/by 从……中获益；得益于
for the benefit of sb.＝for sb.'s benefit 为了某人的利益；为了帮助某人
①[2019·辽宁高考，阅读理解A]While more notes are beneficial,_if the notes are taken
mindlessly, the benefit disappears.
虽然记更多的笔记有好处，但如果盲目地记笔记，那好处也就消失了。

②[2019·辽宁高考]However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.
然而，宽恕是可能的，它会给你的身心健康带来意想不到的收获。

③[2019·四川高考]Keep it in mind, and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.
记住它，我们逐渐地就可以养成这种好的学习习惯并且从中获益。

④[牛津词典]I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week.
我帮上星期缺席的人打印了些课堂笔记。

－特别提示－
“(be) of＋抽象名词”的用法与形容词用法相同，在句中可作表语、定语、补语。

常见的这样的抽象名词有use, value, help, importance, difference等，前面可用little, some, any, no, great, not much等修饰；有的可用同根形容词代替。

⑤[牛津词典]The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned.
新规章将使所有有关人员受益。

2cure v．治愈；治疗；矫正；改正n．治愈；治疗；治疗方法
We could use cloning to cure illnesses.(P61)
我们可以利用克隆技术来治病。

(1)cure sb. of＋疾病名称，治好某人的病；消除某人的忧虑
(2)a cure for... ……的治疗方法；问题的解决方法
(3)beyond cure不可救药
①[2019·江西高考，阅读理解C改编]Tens of thousands of blind people are cured every year.
每年有成千上万的盲人被治愈。

②[2019·陕西高考，阅读理解A改编]To read collection of poems originally written to encourage is a cure for chronic depression.
读励志的诗集是一种对长期抑郁的治疗方法。

③[朗文高级辞典]90% of patients can be cured of the disease.
这种疾病90%的患者都可以治愈。

易混辨析
cure 指“治愈、治好”，其后既可以直接加“某种疾病”，也可用于cure sb. of sth.结构
treat 指“治疗”，即治病的过程，一般用于treat sb. for sth.。

此外，treat还有“宴请，招待”之意
heal 指伤口、外伤的“愈合、痊愈”。

还可指治愈心灵、精神上的创伤
recov er “康复、痊愈”，主语是人，常用于recover from
④选词填空(cure/treat/heal/recover) a．The cut on my leg has ________.
b．The medicine will ________ you of your bad cold.
c．He ________ from his illness.
d．The doctor ________ her for earache.
答案：a.healed b．cure c．recovered d．treated
－特别提示－
动词cure可构成cure sb. of sth.结构，我
们学过的类似的动词还有：
①accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事(罪)
②convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
③rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
④suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某物
⑤rid sb. of sth. 摆脱某人某物
⑥warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
3resist v．抵抗，反抗，对抗，抗拒；忍住(用于否定句)
...for example, a prize cow which can resist becteria or disease...(P65)
……例如，一种优秀的可以抵抗菌和疾病的奶牛……
(1)resist doing sth. 反对做某事
can't resist (doing) sth. 无法抗拒(做)某事的诱惑
resist the temptation 经得起诱惑
(2)resistant adj. 有抵抗力的；抵制的
be resistant to 对……有抵抗力的
(3)resistance n. 抗拒；反对；阻力resistance_to 对……抵制
①[2019·北京高考，阅读理解C]This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone
who has tried to resist_eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress...
这种现象对那些在压力下试图抵抗住自己想吃饼干和吸烟的人来说可能不那么让人惊讶……
②[2019·上海高考]Among them are special windows that are_resistant_to dirt and water.
它们之间是特殊的能防尘、防水的窗子。

③[牛津词典]He couldn't_resist_showing off his new car.
他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。

4accompany vt.陪伴；陪同；与……同时发生；为……伴奏
Accompanied by Hammond's two grandchildren, they are sent on a tour through Jurassic Park in computer-controlled cars.(P67)
被哈蒙德的两个孙子陪伴，他们乘坐由电脑控制的汽车被送去游览侏罗纪公园。

(1)accompany sb. to some place 陪伴某人去某地
accompany sb. at/on 用……为某人伴奏accompany...with/by 与……同时存在或发生(2)keep sb. company 陪伴某人
in company with 与……一起
(3)companion n. 同伴；伙伴
①[2019·重庆高考，书面表达]In my opinion, no matter how busy we may be, we should try our best to spend more time talking with them and accompanying them.
依我看来，不管我们多么忙，我们应该尽最大努力花时间与他们聊天，陪伴他们。

②[人教①－3]There was almost no wind—only the flames of our fire for company.
几乎没有风——只有篝火的火焰与我们作伴。

③[2019·天津高考]When I was a little girl, I would often accompany_you as you modeled for
fashion photographers.
当我是个小女孩时，我经常跟着你，那时你担任时尚摄影师的模特。

④[牛津词典]The singer was accompanied_on the piano by her sister.
女歌手由她姐姐钢琴伴奏。

⑤[朗文高级辞典]Rita's husband is away for the week, so I thought I'd go over and keep her company.
丽塔的丈夫这个星期外出不在家，所以我想过去和她做伴。

5absorb vt.吸收，理解，掌握，使专心
In fact, only females can absorb the DNA of another creature.(P67)
事实上，只有雌性的蚊子才能够吸收另外一种动物的DNA。

(1)absorb/attract/draw one's attention＝absorb/attract/draw the attention of sb. 吸引某人的注意力
(2)absorbed adj. 精神集中的
be absorbed in 专心致志于
be absorbed into 被吸收(纳入)
(3)absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的；引人入胜的
①[2019·四川高考]Our good learning habits will make us study more easily and efficiently and absorb knowledge completely.
我们良好的学习习惯会使我们更容易、更有效地学习，而且完全吸收知识。

②[2019·福建高考]A weak ray of light came
in through a small hole in the wall and he was_absorbed_in his reading.
一束微弱的光透过墙上的一个小孔射进来，他专心致志地读书。

③[北师大④－12]I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me.
我一直忙于学习，并试图了解身边所有的新事物。

④[朗文高级辞典]We were soon absorbed into local village life.
我们很快就融入了当地的乡村生活。

过关演练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1．[2019·重庆高考，阅读理解C改编]Humans' walking on water is risky but ________ (benefit)．
答案：beneficial
2．[2019·山东高考，阅读理解D]Pearson ________(resist), arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers to Sparrow restaurants.
答案：resisted
3．[2019·福建高考]China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________ the benefit of all its citizens.
答案：for
4．[2019·湖南高考]Children, when ________ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
答案：accompanied
5．[2019·湖南高考，阅读改编]Hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity ________ (absorb) our travel experiences.
答案：to absorb
6．Absorbed ________ writing the article, Mrs Curie even forgot her dinner.
答案：in
7．There will be fierce ________ (resist) to these proposals(提议)．
答案：resistance
8．He never gave up ________(chase) after his dream in his youth.
答案：chasing
9．The snow was icy and white, ________ (constrast) with the brilliant blue sky.
答案：constrasting
10．[2019·湖北高考]Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, ________ (cure) diseases and make bombs.
答案：cure
1treat...as... 把……当成……对待
Donaville thinks scientists treated Dolly the
sheep as a product. (P62)
栋维尔认为科学家们把多丽羊当成一个产品看待。

(1)treat sb. with respect/kindness尊敬某人/善待某人
treat well/badly 善待/虐待
(2)treat sb. for sth. 治疗某人的……病
(3)treat sb. to sth. 用……招待某人
①[2019·天津高考，书面表达]Our teachers are kind to us and treat us as their friends.
我们的老师对我们很体贴把我们当成他们的朋友。

②[2019·四川高考]All visitors to this village are treated with kindness.
到这个村子的所有游客都受到善待。

③[牛津词典]The crowd were treated to a superb display of tennis.
观众看了一场精彩的网球赛，大饱眼福。

2get out of control 摆脱控制
The dinosaurs start to get out of control...(P67)
恐龙开始摆脱控制……
(1)out_of control 失去控制
in control of 控制着
under/in the control of 受……的管理/控制(2)under control 被控制住
beyond control 无法控制
(3)lose control of 失去对……的控制
take/gain control of 得到/取得对……的控制
①[2019·湖北高考]This boy's teacher was in tears, and could not get_control_of the situation.
无法控制那种情形，这个男孩的老师在流泪。

②[2019·四川高考]But they were no match
for it and the boat was out_of_control.
但他们不是它的对手，船失去了控制。

③[牛津词典]The city is in_the_control_of enemy forces.
那座城市现处于敌军的控制之下。

3break down 分解；出故障；(身体)垮掉；失败；精神崩溃；破坏，消除
When life ends, DNA breaks down and does not repair itself.(P67)
当生命结束后，DNA发生分解并且不能自我修复。

break into 破门而入
break in 闯入；插嘴；打断
break out (战争/地震/火灾等)爆发
break through 突围；突破
break up 分手；解散；结束
break away from 脱离
break off 中断
①[2019·天津高考]The two countries are going to meet to break_down some barriers to trade between them.
两国将要会晤扫除障碍进行贸易往来。

②[人教⑤－2]On my way to the station my car broke_down.
去车站的路上，我的车坏了。

③[人教②－5]The band broke_up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s.
乐队在1970年前后解散了，但幸运的是，到20世纪80年代中期他们又重新组合起来。

④[朗文高级辞典]The sun broke_through at around lunch time.
大约午饭时分，太阳破云而出。

过关演练
选词填空
on the contrary; treat...as...; bring sb. back to
life; contrast with; under control; be gifted in; break out; out of control
1．[2019·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Good public speaking training should ________ you ________ a special one, with your own personal habits.
答案：treat; as
2．By ten o'clock, things were ________.
答案：out of control
3．A fire ________ last night.
答案：broke out
4．Don't worry—everything is ________！
答案：under control
5．________ the other children, he is shy and quiet.
答案：Contrasted with
6．The doctors ________ after a week's treatment.
答案：brought her back to life
7．He didn't stay home last night; ________，he went out with his friends.
答案：on the contrary
8．[2019·四川高考]Brian ________ writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
答案：is gifted in
1I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I was on the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear！(P59)
但愿我没有制造出这个家伙，但愿我身处世界的另一边，但愿我可以消失得无影无踪！
本句中含有wish＋宾语从句，意为“但愿……，希望……”，表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望。

是虚拟语气的句子。

(1)wish＋宾语从句，用虚拟语气形式如下：
①did/were(表示与现在事实相反的愿望)
②had_done/been(表示与过去事实相反的愿望)
③would/could/might＋动词原形(表示与将来事实相反的愿望)
(2)wish to_do sth.希望做某事
wish sb._to_do sth. 希望某人做某事
wish for sth. 希望得到某物
①[2019·北京高考，书面表达]I wish you could_understand.
我希望你能理解。

②[2019·广东高考改编]I wish_to_find some pen friends for my students.
我想给学生们找一些笔友。

③[牛津词典]I wish I hadn't_eaten so much.
我倒希望我没有吃这么多。

④[朗文高级辞典]I wish_you'd_stop treating me like a child!
我真希望你别再把我当成小孩子了！
过关演练
完成句子
1．[2019·陕西高考]Ellen is a fantastic dancer.
I wish I ________.
Ellen是一个极出色的舞者。

我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。

答案：danced as well as her
2．I wish that all the matter ________________.
我希望所有的一切都会有一个好结局。

答案：would have a good end
3．How I wish I ________ a middle school student!
我多希望自己还是个中学生啊！
答案：were still
4．I wish I ________ like a bird freely.
我希望我能像小鸟一样自由歌唱。

答案：could sing
5．I wish that we ________ each other before.
我希望我们以前就认识彼此。

答案：had known
虚拟语气(1)
含义：虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望，假想或建议。

当if引导非真实条件状语从句时，虚拟语气情况如下：
情况if非真实条件句
的谓语
主句的谓语
与现在事实
相反一般过去时
would/could/
should/
might＋动词
原形
与过去事实
相反过去完成时
would/could/
should/
might＋have
＋过去分词
与将来事实
相反一般过去时/
were to
do/should do
would/could/
should/ might
＋动词原形
完成句子
1．[2019·山东高考]If he hadn't_helped_me,_I couldn't have won the prize finally.
如果他没有帮助我，我不会最终获奖的。

2．[北师大⑧－24]If I were you, I'd_study_finance.
如果我是你，我就学金融。

3．If he should come/were to come/came here tomorrow, I would_talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿，我就和他谈一谈。

wish后面接宾语从句时，宾语从句中的虚拟
语气一般分为以下三种情况：
(1)如果假想的情况与主语的愿望同时发生，则宾语从句谓语动词用过去式，be动词用were 的形式。

(2)假如宾语从句中的谓语动作发生在主语的愿望之前，则从句用过去完成时。

(3)如果宾语从句中假想的情况在主语的愿望之后发生，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”的形式。

完成句子
4．[牛津词典]I wish I were_taller.
我要是个子高一些就好了。

5．[牛津词典]I wish you wouldn't_leave your clothes all over the floor.
我真希望你不把衣服丢得满地都是。

6．How I wish she had_helped me yesterday!
我多么希望她昨天帮助我了！
－特别提示－
在条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, should, had提到句首，变为倒装句。

过关演练
用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1．[2019·北京高考]If I ________(see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.
答案：hadn't seen
2．If she had been aware that the mushrooms were poisonous, she ________ (pick) them for dinner.
答案：wouldn't have picked
3．[2019·福建高考]________(be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
答案：Were
4．I wish I ________ (go) to see the film with him yesterday.
答案：had gone
5．[2019·北京高考]We ________ (be) back in the hotel now if you ________ (lose) the map.
答案：would be; hadn't lost
家庭作业
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I (encourage) her to work hard and to try for the examinations.
2．After six hours on the roof, the gunman (surrender) to the police.
3．One of the Muslims in the story was (quote)as the saying，“We believe in God.”
4．Medical supplies are being (drop)into the stricken area.
5．There is some (disagree) as to whether the disease is curable.
6．“(cheer)”，she said, raising her glass to him.
7．They are struggling for their national (liberate)．
8．Your room is very (mess)，and you should tidy it up.
9．(arm)with the new machine，a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.
10．Her parents made many (sacrifice)so that she could go to university.
【答案】 1.encouraged 2.surrendered 3.quoted 4．dropped
5.disagreement
6.Cheers
7.liberation
8.massy
9.Armed10.sacrifices
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他赚了钱却付出了健康的代价。

He earned money his health.
2．我认为总结一下学习英语的经验是值得一试的。

I consider trying to summarize our experience in learning English.
3．在我看来，应立即采取必要的措施，确保良好的环境。

，necessary measures should be immediately taken to ensure a nice environment.
4．应该鼓励学生把所学东西付诸实践。

Students should what they have learned to practice.
5．令我们大为惊讶的是，他在意外事故中逃过一劫而未受伤。

，he escaped being hurt in the accident.
【答案】 1.at the sacrifice of 2.it is worthwhile 3.In my view 4.be encouraged to apply 5.To our great astonishment/Much to our astonishment Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
【导学号：38300055】
Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient custom which has existed for at least six thousand years.It was always evil and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it.Modern skill has changed this.Either man will stop war, or war will stop man.For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the greatest danger, but
bacteriological(细菌的) or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat.If we succeeded in stopping war, there would be no danger for us.To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not by contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in massacre (大屠杀), but by arbitration (仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law.It is not easy to change old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology(意识形态) would prevent war.I believe this to be a complete error.All ideologies are based upon beliefs without proof which are, at best，doubtful, and at worst, totally false.Those people who believe them are willing to go to war in support of them.
The movement of world opinion during the past two years has changed very largely such as we can welcome.It has become a common belief that nuclear war must be avoided.Of course, very difficult problems remain in the international world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago.It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that agreements should be reached even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory.It has begun to be understood that the important conflict(冲突) nowadays is not between East and West，but between man and the H­bomb.
1．According to the author，．
A．it is impossible to live without war
B．the difference between East and West will lead to war
C．war must be stopped if man wants to survive
D．war will be stopped by modern skills
【解析】细节理解题。

根据第一段所述，人类面临核武器和生化武器的威胁，因此只有避免战争才能消除武器对人类的威胁。

【答案】 C
2．The author believes that the only way to stop war is to ．
A．stop nuclear weapons
B．settle international issues through agreements
C．destroy bacteriological and chemical weapons
D．let the stronger side take over the world
【解析】细节理解题。

根据最后一段可知，作者认为要避免战争，人们必须抛弃用战争来解决争端的传统观念，通过协商来解决问题。

【答案】 B
3．The last paragraph suggests that ．
A．nuclear war will definitely not take place
B．real agreements have been now reached
C．world opinion is still divided on nuclear war
D．man is beginning to realize that nuclear war is his greatest enemy
【解析】细节理解题。

文章最后一句说明，人类现在认识到，目前最大的冲突并非来自于东西方，而是核武器对人类的威胁。

【答案】 D
4．Which of the following words can best describe the author's feeling in writing this passage?
A．Disappointed. B．Doubtful.
C．Worried. D．Hopeful.
【解析】观点态度题。

从文章最后一段看，人们解决争端的思维模式已经发生了转变，不是靠武力，而是通过协商，因此作者对人类未来避免战争还是充满了希望。

【答案】 D
B
If you are not comfortable with school learning，there is another option for you－cyberschool.Cyberschool can also provide a comprehensive teaching service that offers academic guidance and assistance.This is in order to promote the learning process and create a formal, well­structured environment for learning to take place.The center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools”and that is about twice as many as two years ago.
The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live.Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools. They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed.These people say cyberschools help students who are unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools.They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school.Whatever the judgment of cyberschools, they are getting more and more popular.
Children get free equipment for their online education.This includes a computer, a printer, books and technical services.Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending e-mails through their computers when necessary.
Even though cyberschools are therefore not technically a school，mostly they offer a fully complete and comprehensive program that covers a full school day to children up to Grade 9, after which schooling is no longer mandatory(义务的)．
5．What are the educators' opinions about cyberschools?
A．They will take the place of traditional schools in the future.
B．They waste a lot of money and will do damage to the students.
C．They are the solution to the students who do not like to go to school.
D．They have brought great convenience to the students.
【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children...”可知D项正确。

【答案】 D
6．What is a problem with cyberschools?
A．Their equipment costs a lot of money.
B．They get little support from the state governments.
C．It is hard to know students' progress in learning.
D．The students can only have a half­day schedule.
【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.”可知cyberschools面临的问题是很难知道学生是否学得好。

【答案】 C
7．Cyberschools are getting popular because ．
A．they are less expensive for students
B．their students can work at their own speed
C．their graduates are more successful in society
D．they serve students in a wider age range
【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Other educators praise this new
form of education for letting students work at their own speed.”可知选B。

【答案】 B
8．We can infer that the author of the text is ．
A．unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools
B．excited about the future of cyberschools
C．doubtful about the quality of cyberschools
D．disappointed at the development of cyberschools
【解析】推理判断题。

通读文章可知，作者在客观的介绍cyberschools，没有任何偏见，所以本题选A。

【答案】 A
Ⅳ.阅读填句
Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness？ 1 The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life.
Make a plan for achieving goals that you believe will make you happy.Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.
Surround yourself with happy people.It is easy to begin to think negatively(消极地) when you are surrounded by people who think that way. 2
When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self­pity.Truly happy people don't allow setbacks (挫折)to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the things
back to their favor.
3 These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness.
4 Whether you treat yourself to lunch，take a long，relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance, you will be subconsciously (下意识地) putting yourself in a better mood.
Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness.Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.
Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 5
A．What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy.
B．On the contrary，if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be easily passed to you.
C．Being overweight or not eating foods containing nutrition have a negative effect on your mood.
D．These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves.
E．Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.
F．There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.
G．It's also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.
【答案】1－5DBEGC。